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Physical Geography of Europe

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Question

Answer

permafrost

soil that is permanently frozen below the earth

siroccos

high dry winds from North Africa

dikes

large banks of earth and stone that hold back water

polders

low lying areas from which sea water has been drained to
create new farmland

glaciation

the process whereby glaciers form and spread

fjords

long narrow steep sided inlets carved out by glaciers

timberline

the elevation above which trees cannot grow

foehns

dry winds that blow down from mountains into valleys and
plains

avalanche

destructive masses of snow,ice, and rock sliding down

mountainsides

mistral

a strong north wind from the Alps

peninsula

a body of land surrounded on three sides by water

Europe

second smallest continent, half the size of the continental

U.S.

Scandinavian
peninsula

Located in northern Europe. Contains Norway, Sweden, and

Finland

Jutland

A peninsula that contains Denmark

Iberian
Peninsula

southwest Europe contains Spain and Portugal

Pyrenees

mountain range cutting off the Iberian Peninsula from the rest
of Europe, the range is between France and Spain

Apennine
Peninsula

where Italy is located

The Apennines

a geologically young mountain range, the backbone of the

peninsula

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Mount Vesuvius

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active volcano in the Apennines

Balkan
Peninsula

southeastern Europe, bounded by Adriatic and Ionian seas

on west and Aegean and Black seas on the east

Mount Etna

Europe's highest active volcano,located in Sicily

Ben Nevis

highest mountain in the British Isles at 4,406ft

Meseta

Spain's central plateau

Massif Central

France's central highlands

The Alps

Mountain range that forms a crescent from southern France

to the Balkan Peninsula.

Mont Blanc

The highest peak in the Alps 15,771 feet

The Rhine river

a major river of Europe originating in the Alps

The Po River

another major river in Europe also originating in the Alps.

stretches from southeastern England and western France

North European eastward to Poland, Ukraine, and Russia. the plain is very
Plain
fertile and there are many rivers. The southern edge is very
fertile because of loess
loess

a fine rich wind-borne soil

the Great
a fertile plain extends from Hungary to Croatia, Serbia, and
Hungarian Plain Romania. Farmers cultivate grains, fruit, and vegetables and
raise livestock in the lowlands along the Danube River

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Thames River

located in England allows ocean going ships to reach the port

of London

The Rhine river

is the most important river in Western Europe

The Danube

Eastern Euope's major waterway

The
Main-Danube
Canal

completed in 1992 linking the Black sea to the North sea

peat

a kind of vegeable matter found in swamps and usually

composed of mosses. Is used as a fuel that is burned
(instead of wood or coal)

Gulf Stream

a warm current

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North Atlantc
Drift

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the northern extension of the Gulf Stream current

coniferous trees cone-bearing fir, pine, and spruce, found in cooler Alpine
mountain areas
chaparral

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shrubs or small trees, such as cork oak tree and the olive tree

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