Introduction to

Quality Control I

Quality Control
Tool that gives the
assurance that
products conform to
standards and
specifications
through a system of
inspection, analysis
and action.

Analytical Chemistry

concerned with the

chemical
characterization of
matter
answer to two
important questions:
what is it
(QUALITATIVE) and
how much is it
(QUANTITATIVE)

Qualitative Analysis

deals with the

identification of
elements, ions or
compounds present in a
sample

performed by selective
chemical reactions or
with the use of
instrumentation

Quantitative Analysis

deals with the

determination of how
much of one or more
constituents is present

a history of the sample

composition will often
be known or performed
a qualitative test prior
to the performing the
more difficult
quantitative analysis

Analytical Chemistry

 amount of analyte present in a known

amount of sample
relative amount of analyte per unit
volume or unit mass of sample
applicable to liquid samples, gas-phase
samples and solid-phase samples

Concentration

Amount of Analyte

Amount of Sample

Concentration Unit

mole

liter

Molarity
(M)

equivalent

liter

Normality
(N)

weight

weight

Percent
(%)

(weight/weight basis)

volume

volume

Percent
(%)

(volume/volume basis)

weight
(g)

volume
(mL)

Percent
(%)

(weight/volume basis)

Concentration Units

Amount of Analyte

Amount of Sample

Concentration Unit

weight

weight

Parts per million

(ppm)

(weight/weight basis)

volume

volume

Parts per million

(ppm)
(volume/volume basis)

weight
(mg)

volume
(L)

amount of substance that reacts exactly

with 1-mL of standard solution
used for equivalent weight calculations

Parts per million

(ppm)

(weight/volume basis)

Titer

Concentration Units

Exercise 1
the number of digits
necessary to express
the results of a
measurement
consistent with the
measured precision

List the proper number of

significant figures in the
following numbers and indicate
which zeroes are significant.
0.216
90.7
800.0
0.0670

Significant Figures

Exercise 2

If the digit following the

last significant figure is
greater than 5, the
number is rounded up to
the next higher digit.
If it is less than 5, the
number is rounded to the
present value of the last
significant figure.
If the last digit is a 5, the
number is rounded off to
the nearest even digit.

Round off the following

measurements to two (2)
significant figures.
9.47
9.43
8.65
8.75

8.55

Rounding Off

1. A solution is prepared by dissolving 1.26-g

AgNO3 in a 250-mL volumetric flask and
diluting to volume.
a. Calculate the normality of the silver
nitrate solution.
b. How many milliequivalents AgNO3 were
dissolved?
Molar masses :
Ag = 107.870 N = 14.0067 O = 15.9994

Assignment No. 1

2. How many grams Na2SO4 should be

weighed out to prepare 500-mL of a 0.100M solution?
Molar masses :
Na = 22.9898
S = 32.066

O = 15.9994

3. A 1.267-g sample of limestone was

analyzed and found to contain 0.3684-g of
iron. What is the concentration of iron in
the sample?
Molar mass :

Fe = 55.845

Assignment No. 1

4. If each mL of
0.500-N H2SO4 is
equivalent to
17.5-mg of
methenamine,
what is the
equivalent weight
of methenamine ?

Answers:
1. a

0.0297-N AgNO3

1. b

7.42 meq AgNO3

2.

7.10-g Na2SO4

3.

29.08% Fe

4.

35.0 mg/meq
methenamine

Assignment No. 1