Name:----------------------------

Spring 2008
ME210/Advanced Thermodynamics
Final Exam, Tuesday, May 20, 2008
(19:45-22:00, 2 hours and 15 minutes, open book & notes)

Problem # 1 (10 points)

An object of mass 0.8 lbm traveling at velocity 200 ft/sec enters a viscous fluid
and is essentially brought to rest before it strikes bottom. What is the increase in
internal energy of the system, taking the object and the liquid as the system?
Solution:
Neglecting the changes in potential energy, conservation of energy requires that
the sum of the kinetic energy and internal energy remains constant, i.e.,
1
1
m o v i2 + Ui = m o v f2 + Uf
2
2

U = Ui Uf =

1
1
1
1
m o v i2 m o v f2 = m o ( v i2 v f2 ) =
(0.8)( 200 2 0 2 )
2
2
2
2gc

= 497 lbf-ft

Problem # 2 (20 Points)

A mixture of ideal gases consists of 2 kmoles of CH4, 1 kmole of N2, and 1 kmole
of CO2, all at corresponding temperatures 293 K and pressure 2x104 Pa. Heat is
added until the temperature increases to 673 K while the pressure remains
constant. Calculate:
(a)
the heat transfer
(b)
the work done, and
(c)
the change in entropy.

Solution:
(a)

Assuming constant cp
Q = mmix cp (Tf -Ti)
3

m mix = NiMi = 2x16 + 1x28 + 1x44 = 104 kg

i=1

i =1

NiMi
kJ
c pi = 0.3077 x2.254 + 0.2692x1042
.
+ 0.423 x0.842 = 133
.
kg K
i=1 m mix

c p = mi cpi =
cv =

NiMi
kJ
c vi = 0.3077 x1735
.
+ 0.2692 x0.745 + 0.423 x0.653 = 1011
.
kg K
i =1 m mix

mi c vi =
i =1

Q = 104 x 1.33 (673 - 293) = 5.257x104 kJ

(b)
W = Q - u = Q - mmix cv (Tf - Ti) = 1.263x104 kJ
(c)
s = mmix [ cp ln (Tf/Ti) - (cp - cv )ln (pf/pi)] = 115.05 kJ/K

Problem # 3 (15 Points)

An important reaction in the production of sulfuric acid is the oxidation of SO2(g)
to SO3(g):
2SO2(g)+O2(g) --------- 2SO3(g)
At 298 K, G0= -141.6 kJ; H0= -198.4 kJ; and S0= -187.9 J/K
(a)
(b)

Use the data to decide if this reaction is spontaneous at 250C, and

predict how G0 will change with increasing temperature.
Assuming H0 and S0 are constant with increasing T, is the reaction
spontaneous at 9000C?

Solution:
a)
G0<0, so the reaction is spontaneous at 298 K: a mixture of SO2(g), O2(g), and
SO3(g) in their standard state (1 atm) will spontaneously yield more SO3(g).
With S0<0, the term TS0>0 and becomes more positive at higher T.
Therefore, G0 will be less negative, and the reaction less spontaneous, with
increasing T.
b)
Calculating G0 at 9000C,
G0=H0-TS0= -198.4 kJ [(273+900)K](-187.9 J/K)(1 kJ/1000J) = 22 kJ
G0>0, so the reaction is nonspontaneous at the higher T.

Problem # 4 (20 Points)

Assuming the ideal-gas turbine and regenerator shown below, draw the p-v and
T-s diagrams and find Qin and the ratio of compressor to turbine work (i.e., back
work ratio).

4
1660oR

Solution:

The pressure ratio is:

rp =

P2
75
=
= 5.102
P1 14.7
k 1

= 1

T1 k
540
rp = 1
5.102
T4
1660

1.4 1
1.4

= 0.482

W
800 x0.70626
Btu
Q in = out =
= 1172.2
sec

0.482
Assuming isentropic compression and expansion:
o

P
T2 = T1 2
P1

T5 = T4 rp

1k
k

k 1
k

75
= 540

14.7

= 1660 x5.102

1.4 1
1.4

11.4
1.4

= 860.214 o R

= 1042 o R

kj
Btu
= 76.85
kg
lbm
kj
Btu
= c p ( T4 T5 ) = 1(1660 1042) = 618
= 148.304
kg
lbm

w com = c p ( T2 T1 ) = 1(860.214 540) = 320.2

w turb

w comp
w turb

76.85
= 0.518
148.304

Problem # 5 (15 Points)

A Stirling cycle operates on air with a compression ratio of 10 between low
temperature 660oR and high temperature 1460oR. Given that the low pressure is
30 psia, draw the p-v and T-s diagrams and calculate the work output and the
heat input. [Hint: compressor & turbine have a common shaft]

Solution:

v4
v
1
+ R air T1 ln 2 = R air T3 ln(r ) + R air T1 ln
v3
v1
r
4
wout = 53.34 (1460)ln(10)+53.34(660)ln(0.1) = 9.826x10 ft-lbf/lb
w out = w 3 4 + w 1 2 = R air T3 ln

The ideal efficiency is:

= 1

qin =

TL
T
660
= 1 1 = 1
= 0.548
1460
TH
T3

w out 9.826 x10 4

=
= 230.47 Btu / lbm

0.548 x778

Problem # 6 (20 Points)

Refrigerant-134a is throttled from the saturated liquid state at 700 kPa to a
pressure of 160 kPa,
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

Exit temperature
Exit specific volume
The sign of the Joule-Thomson coefficient for this process and if it is
consistant with your answer in (a)
What should we do if we want the opposite of answer in (c) without
changing the upstream and exit pressures?

Solution:
(a) The inlet temperature and enthalpy of R-134a, from the refrigerant tables
(Tables A-11 through 13, pg. 902-905) is:
For P1=0.7 MPa === T1=Tsat=26.69 oC, h1=hf=88.82 kJ/kg
Assuming a throttling process, i.e.,

Q W = KE KE 0
At the final state, P2=160 kPa, the enthalpy is the same, i.e. h=88.82
kJ/kg. Again from the tables @ p=160 kPa:
Tsat= -15.60 oC, hf=31.21 kJ/kg, hg=241.11 kJ/kg
Note that hf <h< hg
Therefore, the refrigerant exists as a saturated mixture at the exit state at
T2 = Tsat = -15.60oC
T=T2-T1= -15.6 - 26.69= -42.3oC
(b)
The quality at this state is determined from
x2 =

h2 h f
h fg

88.82 31.21
= 0.2745
209.9

v 2 = v f + x v fg = 0.0007437 + 0.2745 x (0.12348 0.0007437 ) = 0.0344 m 3 / kg

(c)

15.6 26.69
= 0.08
160 700

K/kPa

J.T. coefficient is positive, reflecting cooling.

(d)

Search for a different fluid.