AN2799

Application note
Measuring mains power consumption
with the STM32x and STPM01
Introduction
This document describes a software and hardware solution concerning the STM32x
microcontroller and the STPM01 power meter for measuring mains power consumption and
also provides hardware and firmware guidelines to interface the STPM01 with the STM32x
microcontroller. Figure 1 shows the block diagram of the solution. The system described in
this document is the first brick to build a complex system for distributed load management.
Figure 1.

Block diagram

AM00076v1

November 2008

Rev 1

1/14
www.st.com

Contents

AN2799

Contents
1

File organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1

STM32F103xx microcontroller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.1.1

2.2

STPM01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Hardware description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Firmware description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.1

4.2

Power meter object description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

4.1.1

Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

4.1.2

Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

4.1.3

Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

4.1.4

Deletion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Hardware abstraction layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

4.2.1

4.3

HAL functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Application interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.3.1

Application interface functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

2/14

AN2799

File organization

File organization
The following table presents the firmware modules.
Table 1.

Firmware modules
File

Description

PowerMeterHal.h
Definitions of power meter hardware abstraction layer types and function
PowerMeterHalTypes.h prototypes.
PowerMeterObj.h
PowerMeterTypes.h
PowerMeterHal.c
PowerMeterObj.c
Meterlayer.h
Meter.c
MeterHal.c
ExampleApp.c

Definitions of power meter abstract objects and types.

Power meter hardware abstraction layer and abstract object
implementation
Definitions of application interface types and function prototypes
Application interface and hardware abstraction layer implementation
Library usage example

Hardware
The solution is based on the STM32F103xx in the LQFP64 package with 128 kB of Flash
and 20 kB of SRAM for demonstration purposes, but it can be easily ported on the smaller
STM32F101xx microcontroller family based on the same ARM Cortex-M3 CPU as well.
The device used to measure the phase AC current is the STPM01 with a current
transformer.

3/14

Hardware

2.1

AN2799

STM32F103xx microcontroller
The following list is a brief description of the features of the STM32F103xx microcontroller.
Please refer to the STM32F103xx datasheet for a more detailed description of the device.

Core: ARM 32-bit Cortex-M3 CPU

72 MHz, 90 DMIPS with 1.25 DMIPS/MHz

Single-cycle multiplication and hardware division

Memory

32-to-128 Kbytes of Flash memory

6-to-20 Kbytes of SRAM

Clock, reset and supply management

2.0 to 3.6 V application supply and I/Os

POR, PDR, and programmable voltage detector (PVD)

4-to-16 MHz quartz oscillator

Internal 8 MHz factory-trimmed RC

Internal 40 kHz RC

PLL for CPU clock

32 kHz oscillator for RTC with calibration

Low power

Sleep, stop and standby modes

VBAT supply for RTC and backup registers

2 x 12-bit, 1 s A/D converters (16-channel)

Conversion range: 0 to 3.6 V

Dual-sample and hold capability

Temperature sensor

DMA

7-channel DMA controller

Peripherals supported: timers, ADC, SPIs, I2Cs and USARTs

Debug mode

26/36/51/80 I/Os, all mappable on 16 external interrupt vectors, all 5 V-tolerant

except for analog inputs

Up to 7 timers

Up to three 16-bit timers, each with up to 4 IC/OC/PWM or pulse counter

16-bit, 6-channel advanced control timer: up to 6 channels for PWM output dead
time generation and emergency stop

2 watchdog timers (independent and window)

SysTick timer: a 24-bit down counter

Up to 9 communication interfaces

4/14

Serial wire debug (SWD) & JTAG interfaces

Up to 80 fast I/O ports

Up to 2 I2C interfaces (SMBus/PMBus)

AN2799

Hardware

2.1.1

Up to 3 USARTs (ISO 7816 interface, LIN, IrDA capability, modem control)

Up to 2 SPIs (18 Mbit/s)

CAN interface (2.0B Active)

USB 2.0 full speed interface

Packages are ECOPACK (RoHS compliant)

STPM01
The STPM01 is a programmable single-phase energy metering IC which is designed for
effective measurement of active, reactive and apparent energy in a power line system using
a Rogowski coil, a current transformer and shunt sensors. The solution presented in this
document is based on a current transformer sensor. The following list is a brief description of
the main features of the STPM01. For more details, please refer to the device datasheet.

2.2

Active, reactive, apparent energies and RMS values

Ripple-free active energy pulsed output

Live and neutral monitoring for tamper detection

Easy and fast digital calibration in only one point over the whole current range

OTP for calibration and configuration

Integrated linear VREGS for digital and analog supply

Selectable RC or crystal oscillator

Supports 50-60 Hz - IEC62052-11, IEC62053-2X specification

Less than 0.1% error

Precision voltage reference: 1.23 V and 30 ppm/C max

Hardware description
The hardware used in managing the STPM01 by the STM32x microcontroller is described in
this section. Figure 2 shows a reference schematic to interface the STM32x microcontroller
with the STPM01. The STPM01 bidirectional data line is connected to the SPI-MISO of the
STM32. This is because the speeds for the data read and data write operations of the
STPM01 SPI interface are much too different: 32 MHz for the read operation and 100 kHz
for the write operation. In fact during the write operation, the serial communication is
emulated by software to have very slow communication on the STPM01 data line and during
the read operation, the STM32 SPI peripheral is used to reach the maximum speed
possible. Since the maximum speed of the STM32 SPI is 18 MHz, it doesn't matter which
SPI peripheral is used to have the maximum read bit rate. In this application the SPI2 is
used. The STPM01 clock is provided by the PA8 pin configured as the MCO alternate
function. The AC current is provided to the STPM01 by a current transformer connected to
the current channel 1. For more details about analog parts related to the STPM01, please
refer to the STPM01 datasheet.

Note:

The solution has been validated using the SmartPlug board. For further details please
refer to the SmartPlug hardware user manual .

5/14

T1

C4
100nF
10

mains

2
1

W3 W2

Mor2

6.8
R68

D6
1N4148

C5
0nF
100n

6.8
R15

ansf ormer
Currentt Tran

C3
1nF
1n

N_LINE

L_LINE

R16 1k

R14 1k

261K

R19

10nF

C9

C6
100nF
10

VDD
DD_33

261K

R20

C7
100nF
10

C8
0nf
100n

261K

R21

2M

R17

20
1
ZCR0 2
4
5
6
8
7
9
10
STPM01

led
MON
MOP
Vddd
Vss
Vcc
Vdda
Votp
Ilp1
Iln1

U4
Sda
Scl
Scs
Sy n
CLKou
out
CLKin
Vin
Vip
Iln2
Ilp2

19
18
3
15
17
16
14
13
12
11
MCO

R22 150K
15

0R

R66

R18

47
475
2,21K

C11
0nF
10n

R23

2.4k

R11

D3

2.4k

R13

D5

SY N0

VDD
DD_IO#99

VDD
DD_33

2.4k

R12

D4

VDD
DD_33

1
2

1
2

1
2

VOTP

1
2

D2

R10
2.4k

C60
20p
20

C58
10pF

Y2
8MHz

R108
1M

SPI0_MISO
SO

SCS0
SCLK

768 Khz
32.76

Y1

C54
00n
100

C56
100n

C61
20p

SW11
Rst

RESE
SET#

C59
10pF

OSC-32-OUT
OS

OSC-32-IN
OS

C55
100n

C63
10n

R109
10K

VCC
CC_3V3

C62
100n

SY N0

JT-TMS
JT-TCK
JT-TDI

C57
100n

R11
110
100K

MCO

13
12

60

5
6
54

14
15
16
17
20
21
22
23
41
42
43
44
45
46
49
50

GND

VDD_IO#99

VCC
CC_3V3
V3

GND
ND_LINE

VDD33_LINE

NRST
NR
ST

STM32F103RBT6

VDD
DDA
VSSA
VS

BOOT0
BOO

PB
PB0/ADC-IN8/TIM3-CH3
PB1/ADC-IN9/TIM3-CH4
PB
PB2/BOO
BOOT1
PB3/JTDO
PB4/JTRST
PB
PB5/I2C1-SMBA1
PB
PB6/I2C1-SCL/TIM4-CH1
PB
PB7/I2C1-SDA/TIM4-CH2
PB8/TIM4-CH3
PB
PB9/TIM4-CH4
PB
PB10/I2C2-SCL/USART3-TX
PB11/I2C2-SDA/USART3-RX
PB
PB1
B12/SPI2-NSS
SS/I
/I2C2-SMBA
BA1/USART3-CK/TIM1-BK
BKIN
PB13/SP
PB
SPI2-SCK/USART3-CTS/TIM1-CH1N
1N
PB14
14/SPI2-MISO/USART3-RTS/TIM1-CH
CH2N
PB15
15/SP
SPI2-MOSI/TIM1-CH3N

PD0/OSC-IN
PD1/OSC-OUT
PD2/TIM3-ETR

26
27
28
55
56
57
58
59
61
62
29
30
33
34
35
36

8
9
10
11
24
25
37
38
39
40
51
52
53
2
3
4

JTA
TAG PRO
ROG/DEB
EBUG
G CONNE
NECTOR
JT-TMS
JT-TCK
JT-TDI
JT-TDO
JT-TRS
RESET#

PA
PA0-WKUP/USA
SART2-CTS/ADC
DC_IN0/TIM2-CH
CH1-ETR
PC0/ADC
DC-IN10
PA1/USA
PA
SART2-RTS/ADC
DC-IN1/TIM2-CH
CH2
PC1/ADC
DC-IN11
PA2/USA
PA
SART2-TX/ADC-IN2/TIM2-CH3
PC2/ADC
DC-IN12
PA3/USA
PA
SART2-RX/ADC-IN3/TIM2-CH4
PC3/ADC
DC-IN13
PA4/SPI1-NSS
PA
SS/USART2-CK/ADC
DC-IN4
PC4/ADC
DC-IN14
PA5/SPI1-SCK/ADC-IN5
PA
PC5/ADC
DC-IN15
PA6/SPI1-MISO
PA
SO/ADC
DC-IN6/TIM3-CH
CH1
PC6
PA7/SPI1-MOSI/
PA
I/ADC
DC-IN7/TIM3-CH
CH2
PC7
PA8/USA
PA
SART1-CK/TIM1-CH
CH1/MCO
PC8
PA9/USA
PA
SART1-TX/TIM1-CH2
PC9
PA10/USART1-RX/TIM1-CH
PA
CH3
PC10
PA11/USART1-CTS/CAN-RX/USBDM(2)/TIM1-CH
PA
CH4
PC11
PA12/USART1-RTS/CAN-TX/USBDP(2)/TIM1-ETR
PA
PC12
PA13/JTMS-SWDAT
PA
AT
PC13/ANTI-TAMP
PA14/JTCK-SWCLK
PA
PC14/OSC32-IN
PA15/JTDI
PA
PC15/OSC32-OUT

U12

VCC_3V3

1
VBAT
AT

32
48
64
19
VDD
DD1
VDD
DD2
VDD
DD3
VDD
DD4

6/14
VSS1
VS
VSS2
VS
VS
VSS3
VSS4
VS

ZCR
CR0

SCS0
S0
SCLK
SPI0_MISO
SP

JT-TDO
JT-TRS

OS
OSC-32-IN
OSC-32-OUT
OS

JTAG-TMS
JTAG-CK
JTAG-DI
JTAG-DO
JTAG-RS
JTAG-RST

Figure 2.

31
47
63
18

VCC_3V3

Hardware
AN2799

Schematic diagram

AM00077v1

AN2799

Functional description

Functional description
The STPM01 host interface is a single bidirectional data line SPI with a 32 MHz maximum
read speed and 100 kHz maximum write speed. Due to these requirements the STM32
microcontroller is used in the following way:

In the reading phase, the MISO and SCLK pins are configured in alternate functions
and used by the SPI2 peripheral. The maximum reading speed is 18 MHz by an APB
speed equal to 36 MHz, configuring the SPI baud rate with APB/2.

In the writing phase the MISO and SCLK pins are configured as GPIOs and the SPI
operation is emulated by firmware controlling the speed operations to not exceed the
100 kHz writing speed limit. The MCO pin is configured to provide the HSE clock.

Firmware description
The firmware for the management of the STPM01 energy meter has been developed using
an object oriented programming (OOP) approach even if standard ANSI C programming
language has been used.

4.1

Power meter object description

The power meter object is defined and implemented in the PowerMeterObj.c,
PowerMeterObj.h and PowerMeterTypes.h files. The power meter is represented by a
structure containing the properties and the method of the Power Meter Object as illustrated
in Figure 3.
Figure 3.

Power meter object

AM00078v1

7/14

Firmware description

AN2799

POWER_METER_OBJ
#define POWER_METER_OBJ
PM_u32

m_Voltage;

PM_u32

m_Current;

PM_u32

m_Energy ;

PM_RegistersType Registers;
PM_SignalsType

Signals;

PM_ErrStatus

(* Create)(PowerMeterType*);

PM_ErrStatus

(* Destroy)(PowerMeterType*);

PM_ErrStatus

(* Init)(PowerMeterType*);

PM_ErrStatus

(* Reset)(PowerMeterType*);

PM_ErrStatus

(*SetSignals)(PowerMeterType*,PM_SignalsType* pSignals);

PM_SignalsType* (*GetSignals)(PowerMeterType*);
PM_ErrStatus(*SetCfgRegsMode)(PowerMeterType*,PM_CfgRegsModeType CfgRegsMode);
PM_ErrStatus(*WriteConfigBit)(PowerMeterType*, PM_u8 uBitAddress, PM_u8
uBitValue);
PM_ErrStatus(*WriteConfigRegs)(PowerMeterType*,PM_u32 uCFL_Value, PM_u32
uCFH_Value);
PM_ErrStatus

(*ReadRegisters)(PowerMeterType*, PM_u8 RegsToReadNum);

PM_ErrStatus

(*ReadMeasure)

PM_u32

(*GetVoltage)(PowerMeterType*);

PM_u32

(*GetCurrent)(PowerMeterType*);

PM_u32

(*GetEnergy)(PowerMeterType*);

PM_ErrStatus

(*OnSpiRxIrq)(PowerMeterType*);

typedef struct PowerMeter

typedefs */
struct PowerMeter {
POWER_METER_OBJ
};

8/14

(PowerMeterType*, PM_u8 MeasureType);

PowerMeterType;

/* Forward declaration for circular

AN2799

4.1.1

Firmware description

Attributes
The object attributes are described as follows:

m_Voltage: private variable containing the last read voltage in mV

m_Current: private variable containing the last read current in mA

m_Energy: private variable containing the last read energy in mW

Registers: public structured variables containing the STPM01 registers:

DAP: type0 active energy

DRP: reactive energy

DSP: apparent energy

DFP: type1 energy

DEV: RMS values of measured voltage and current

DMV: instantaneous values of measured voltage and current

CFL: lower part of the configuration register

CFH: higher part of the configuration register

Signals: public structured variables containing the signals descriptor used to interface
STM32 with STPM01:

PM_SCS: this signal enables the SPI operation when low

PM_SYN: When SCS is low, this signal selects the read or write operation. When
both SCS and SYN signals are high, the results of the input or output data are
transferred to the transmission latches.

PM_SDA: SPI MISO signal. This signal is used as the STPM01 data signal. The
direction of this signal depends on the SYN signal.

PM_SCLK: SPI clock signal

Each signal descriptor contains the STM32 port and pin number. For further details about
SPM01 registers and the microcontroller interface, please refer to the STPM01 datasheet.

4.1.2

Methods
The object methods are implemented by means of pointers to functions which are described
as follows:

Create: this function initializes all power meter object elements (properties and
methods).

Destroy: not used. Implemented to have a general object implementation.

Init: this function initializes the power meter object properties and the power meter
signals putting them in the idle state.

Reset: this function executes the reset sequence to perform the remote reset
operation of the STPM01 (Figure 4).

SetSignals: this function initializes the signals attribute of the power meter object and
configures the GPIOs related to the signals.

GetSignals: this function retrieves the signals attribute of the power meter object.

SetCfgRegMode: this function sets the STPM01 configuration register as shadow

latches or OTP. In current AN firmware the STPM01 is configured to use the shadow
latches for the configuration for testing reasons.

9/14

Firmware description

AN2799

WriteConfigBit: this function writes a configuration bit of the STPM01 configuration

register formatting an 8-bit command word as the following:
1 bit data

6 bits configuration bits

1 bit dont care

The configuration word is sent to the STPM01 by the SPI interface.

WriteConfigRegs: this function writes the entire CFL and CFH configuration registers of
the STPM01.

ReadRegisters: this function reads the registers from the STPM01 and assigns the
read values to the power meter object registers attribute. The number of read registers
depends on the RegToReadNum passed parameter.

ReadMeasure: this function reads the RMS voltage and current registers from the
STPM01, calculates the real RMS values by multiplying the values of each register by
the calibration factors and assigns these values to the m_Voltage and m_Current
attributes of the power meter object.

GetVoltage: this function retrieves the last read voltage value in mV.

GetCurrent: this function retrieves the last read current value in mA.

GetEnergy: this function retrieves the last read energy value in mW.

OnSpiRxIrq: SPI interrupt event. Not used in this implementation. The SPI interrupt is
managed externally by the power meter object implementation.

Figure 4.

Reset sequence

AM00079v1

4.1.3

Construction
The power meter object is constructed by the NewPowerMeterObj function implemented
externally by the object itself. This function allocates the memory for the object, assigns the
create method and calls it to assign the rest of the object properties.

10/14

AN2799

4.1.4

Firmware description

Deletion
The power meter object is deleted by the DeletePowerMeterObj function implemented
externally by the object itself. This function first calls the deletion method to free dynamically
allocated variables during object creation (in this case does nothing) then frees the allocated
memory for the power meter object.

4.2

Hardware abstraction layer

The HAL is implemented using the following files:

PowerMeterHal.c

PowerMeterHal.h

PowerMeterHalTypes.h

This module is useful to abstract the power meter object implementation from the STM32
standard library.

4.2.1

HAL functions
The hardware abstraction layer functions are described as follows:

4.3

PM_ConfigSignal: this function configures a pin according to the passed signal

descriptor and configuration type.

PM_ReceiveRegOnSpi: this function receives the STPM01 internal register from the
SPI interface.

PM_OnSpiRxIrq: This function implements the interrupt service routine of the SPI
interface. It is called when the FIFO of the SPI peripherals contains 1 byte or more and
assigns the received value to a shared register variable.

SendClkToGetData: this function is used to provide the SPI clock to the STPM01 to
receive data.

ConfigPin: pin configuration function.

Application interface
The application interface is implemented using the following files:

Meter.c

MeterHal.c

MeterLayer.h

This layer is useful to abstract the application from the specific board used. In fact, the
functions implemented in the described modules allow the hardware configuration of the
specific board used. The firmware described in this document has been validated using the
SmartPlug board that includes two STPM01 meters enumerated as
PM_METER_TYPE_CONSUMPTION and PM_METER_TYPE_DISPERSION.

11/14

Conclusion

4.3.1

AN2799

Application interface functions

The application interface functions are described as follows:

PM_HwMetersCommonInit: this function configures the SPI peripheral (including the

interrupt controller), the STM32 MCO pin to provide the clock to both STPM01 and a
GPIO as input, useful to select two different operational modes:

Normal Mode: typical operational mode.

Calibration Mode: used to calibrate the STPM01 devices by an external tool. In

this mode the STM32 provides only the clock to the STPM01 devices.

These configurations are common to both STPM01 devices.

M_HwMeterSignalsInit: this function initializes the signals specific for an STPM01. In

detail, the STM32 GPIO is used as the SCS for the specific device. The specific
STPM01 device is selected by an enumerator as already stated.

ActivateMeter: this function includes all the operations to be done using the power
meter object for the STPM01 initialization.

All the initialization operations have been included in a single initialization procedure: Init,
establishing a power meter object and the STPM01 device identifier as parameters.

Conclusion
Summarizing, this document explains how to interface the STPM01 energy meter device to
the STM32x microcontroller including an easy-to-use firmware library. The firmware library
also includes the file ExampleApp.c which shows how to use the library itself. The user
application has to perform the standard STM32 configuration and simply call the
NewPowerObj for each STPM01 device to allocate the object, call the Init to perform the
power meters related initializations and configurations, call the ReadMeasure method to get
the data from STPM01 device and call GetVoltage and/or GetCurrent to get the last
measurement data.

12/14

AN2799

Revision history

Revision history
Table 2.

Document revision history

Date

Revision

27-Nov-2008

Changes
Initial release

13/14

AN2799

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