Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
School of the Built Environment, University of Ulster, Jordanstown Campus, Newtonabbey, Co.
Antrim, BT37 0QB, UK
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 11 00
16, INDIA
WRITING STYLE
Please use a title that conveys the aim and possible findings of your research, rather
than simply identifying a broad subject area. Please use your accepted abstract as a
preamble to your paper and provide up to 5 key words. All papers are to be submitted
in English. Please bear in mind that classifications and definitions of terminology vary
between countries, so provide the local definition for any terms used other than those
in common usage internationally. Please put yourself in the position of the likely
reader when drafting your paper. The use of headings, subheadings and some graphics
add to the clarity of your paper and provide sign-posting for the reader. Please avoid
the use of footnotes generally apart from stating author contact details.
FORMAT AND STRUCTURE
The following is a suggested structure for your submission. Keeping within, or close
to, this format will greatly assist the editors of the conference proceedings.
1
2
email@ulster.ac.uk
email@iitd.ac.in
Title
Authors
Contact Details
Abstract
Keywords
Introduction
Context
Main Discussion
Summary
Conclusions and Recommendations
References
The paper should NOT exceed 8 pages in length, including tables, references, etc.
DETAILED PAPER INSTRUCTIONS
INTRODUCTION (ALL CAPS, BOLD, JUSTIFIED)
The font for the body of the paper set to Times New Roman 12 point and justified.
Begin the paper with statements introducing the general area and the reason that this
work is important. Explain what was important about the particular approach and how
this work relates to previous work in the field.
Sub-heading (Bold, lower case)
It is helpful to break the argument into steps by the use of sub-headings. In a paper of
this length, there is little to be gained from going to further levels of sub-sub-heading.
With only two levels, heading numbering is not needed.
Margins for Paper
Left margin set to 3.75cm/1.5 inches, all others set to 2.5cm/1 inch.
Spacing
Single space text. Double space between paragraphs.
Tables
Tables should be kept as simple as possible. Make sure that they are referred to from
the text (see Table 2). Omit vertical lines from tables and omit grey shading and 3D
effects from all tables, charts and figures. They do not photocopy well and frequently
obscure the real message. Do not use excessive accuracy in reporting measurements
and statistics. Percentages are best given as whole numbers. Generally, two or three
significant figures are adequate. The style for Table and Figure captions should be
Normal, reduced to 11 pt, and the style for column headings and table text should be
Normal, reduced to 10 pt. Column headings should be in bold typeface.
Figures
Figures should be kept as simple as possible. Figures should be used where relevant,
but do not use them unnecessarily. Make sure that they are referred to in the text and
that they are not too complicated or large. If your work relies on the presentation of
complex graphics, then the paper can make a point with an extract from a larger
graphic. 3D effects are an unnecessary distraction. No colour since proceedings are
printed in black and white only. It is better to render the relevant information into a
simpler graphic or chart.
Pie charts
Pie charts are generally unnecessary as the information can be presented in one
sentence of text. If a pie chart has more than can be presented in a sentence of text, it
would be better as a histogram.
Histograms and bar charts
Histograms should be laid out without an external border; the font for text should be
set to Times New Roman 12 point. The bars should not be too far apart (this may need
adjusting to reduce the white space between them, although there should be some
white space). Grid lines should be used only sparingly. The bars should be white. If
more than one data set is represented, the second one should be black. If several data
sets are represented, each should have different cross-hatching. Grey shading should
be avoided as it reproduces badly.
No colour photos
Since the proceedings will not be printed in colour, please refrain from using colour
photos.
Conclusions
Every paper should finish with conclusions, explaining the discoveries of the research
and its impact. The conclusion should follow from the work that was done. New
material should not be introduced in the conclusions, although it is often useful to refer
back to earlier section so of the paper to show how the questions posed at the
beginning have been answered.
References
Please use Harvard Style when referencing, double space between references, and use
New Times Roman 12 point. References should be in alphabetic order. There are
certain elements that should be included listed below are examples.
Citation Reference
Within the text of the document, work and ideas can be cited using the authors
surname and year of publication such as this (Hughes 2002). If there are two authors,
like this (Rowlinson and Kashiwagi 2004). More than two authors (Sommerville, et
al. 2004).
PAPERS SUBMITTED TO THE LEGAL STREAM
Primary legal sources (cases and statutory provisions) should be cited using footnotes,
identified in the text by consecutive numbers in superscript, like this 2. The footnotes
themselves should appear at the foot of each page in Times New Roman, 9 point.
Authors requiring further guidance on the citation of primary legal sources should
follow the conventions described in OSCOLA: The Oxford Standard for Citation of
Legal Authorities at http://www.law.ox.ac.uk/publications/oscola.php. There is no need
2
to also include primary legal sources in the References section at the end of the paper
which should be restricted to sources cited using the Harvard system (see below).
The citation of secondary sources / references to other publications should use the
Harvard (author/date) referencing system. This system requires the surname of the
cited author, and the date of publication to be placed in brackets in the body of the
text, for example (Higgins, 2006). If there are two authors, like this (Rowlinson and
Kashiwagi 2004). More than two authors (Sommerville, et al. 2004). The full
bibliographic description of the cited work should also appear in a References
section under the final main heading of the paper as described in the reference
examples below.
Reference examples
Book:
Author's surname, author's first name or initial. (year of publication), Title of the
Book, edition [if not first], publisher's name, place of publication
Book Example:
Zeleny, M. (1982). Multiple Criteria Decision Making. McGraw Hill: New York.
Referencing a point from a Book Example:
Zeleny, M. (1982). Multiple Criteria Decision Making. McGraw Hill: New York.
Conference Article:
Author's Name (last/first/middle initial). (Year), 'Title of paper', In: Editor's name
(last/first/mi), (ed) Title of the Conference, Date of Conference, Publisher's
name, Place of publication, page numbers.
Conference Article Example:
Anderson, J.C. (1987) 'Current status of chorion villus biopsy', In: Tudenhope, D.,
Chenoweth, J., (eds) Proceedings of the Fourth Congress of the Australian
Perinatal Society, Sept. 3-6 1986, Australian Perinatal Society, Brisbane,
Queensland, pp. 190-6.
Doctoral Dissertation Example:
Devins, G. M. (1981). Helplessness, Depression, and Mood in Endstage Renal
Disease. McGill University, Montreal.
Government Document Example:
National Institute of Mental Health. (1982). Television and behavior (DHHS
Publication No. ADM 82-1234). Washington, DC: US Government Printing
Office.
Magazine:
Authors Last Name, Initials of First Name and Middle name (if given). (Year,
Month). Title of article. Name of Magazine, volume, number, page number(s).
Magazine Examples:
Gardner, H. J. (1981, December). Do babies have a universal song? Psychology Today,
102, 70-77.
Staff Writer (1997, June). A Defining Moment. Engineering News Record, 238[25],
58.
Newspaper:
Authors Name (year, month/date). Title. Name of Newspaper, page number(s).
Newspaper Examples:
Simpson, L. (1997, October 13). Tasmania's railway goes private. Arizona Replubic,
p. A10, C2.
Staff Writer (1982, April 3). Study finds free care used more. Wall Street Journal, p.
A1, A25.
Website or Electronic Resource Examples:
Weibel, S. 1995, `Metadata : The Foundations of Resource Description', D-lib
Magazine,
[Online]
Available
at:
http://www.dlib.org/dlib/July95/07weibel.html
ASTEC
1994,
The
Networked
Nation,
http://astec.gov.au/astec/net_nation/contents.html
Available
at:
15 January 2015
1 February 2015
1 March 2015
27 April 2015
15 May 2015
9 June 2015
Papers will only be published in the proceedings if the author (one of the authors in
case of multi author papers) has registered and paid for the conference by 9 May 2015.
COBRA requires at least one author to register and attend the conference.