Extent Of Use Of Instructional Materials In Teaching And

Learning Of Integrated Science And Computer Science In

Junior Secondary Schools (Case Study Of Enugu North
LGA)

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
In teaching, it is highly desirable to know exactly what
one aims to achieve as it is in all great undertaking. Instructional
materials according to Wiki (1998), are kind of tools or
equipment that can help the instructor effectively in theory
teaching classroom or in practical assessment. They are also
materials that aid in the transference of information from one to
another. Also Ilori (2000) pin-pointed that instructional material
are aids the teacher uses to arouse the interest of the learner
there by enabling the learner to gain direct

experience.

Instructional materials are assumed to have being in place right

from the primary school level but if not properly utilized,
enhancement of learning is thwarted. The neglect of the use of
instructional materials by teachers pose negative effect in the
process of teaching and learning of integrated science and
computer. Merrrel (1993) (p.37) pointed out that at present,
schools are continually faced with financial

problem and this

could increase the likelihood that teachers will make more use of

free or cheap teaching materials to supplement their own ageing

resources. It is therefore important that teachers remain vigilant
and exercise sound judgment on approaching what is available
to help them teach and their pupils to learn.
The extent to which instructional materials are made
available also determines the extent to which they are being
utilized in teaching and learning of integrated science and
computer. Onwuka (1981) indicated that instructional materials
help the teacher to convey the intended message effectively and
meaningfully to the learners so that the learner receive,
understand, retain and apply the experience gained to reach an
educational goal.
Instructional materials are some of the most important
devices which both teachers and learners can use to enhance
the quality of instruction. They are good sources of acquiring
factual information and help to make learning permanent. Man is
naturally endowed with five senses: smell, touch, sight, hearing
and taste. learning or change in behavior is through these
senses. In effect, these senses should come into play for
effective learning. In the classroom the teacher therefore, must

sensitize

the

sense

of

the

learner

through

the

junior

secondary

use

of

schools

in

instructional materials.
The
integrated

various

topics

science

and

in

computer

demand

the

use

of

instructional materials by the teacher from the preparation and

delivery of their lessons to student. Instructional materials
include all terms of information carriers that can be used to
promote

and

encourage

effective

teaching

and

learning

activities. They could be in form of text book, reference books,

journals, posters, chart, programmed text, non-print materials,
such as films, tapes, models, picture ,recorders etc. furthermore
instructional materials are anything the teacher turns for help in
his goal-seeking activities. The help may be in form of
information,

idea,

formulae,

generalization

or

experiences

have

place

(Saylor and Alexander (1966).

Tremendous

changes

taken

in

the

development of science and technology. Therefore the Enugu

state ministry of education and the school boards are supposed
to provide junior secondary school pupils with funds for the
procurement of instructional materials likewise, the teacher

should use the available materials in his everyday teaching

learning process, bearing in mind that the interest of children
will be aroused more when they see things in their natural
setting and the educational goal will be achieved as well.
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
The extent of use of instructional materials should not be
excluded in teaching and learning of integrated science and
computer. They supply a concrete basis for conceptual thinking
and hence reduce meaningless word responses of students. It
was observed that the result of student in integrated science
and computer education at junior secondary school certificate
examinations (JSSCE) are consistently poor. Some of the causes
of this poor achievement is related to lack of understanding of
the concepts. Also the populations of students in continuation of
science subjects in senior secondary schools are drastically
reduced. One would ask, are there no knowledgeable teachers
who can impact the knowledge of the concepts effectively. For a
teacher to be effective in her work, she must know the principles
of teaching which also include the use of instructional materials.
Teachers have neglected the use of instructional materials in

teaching and learning of integrated science and computer. They

engage themselves with chalk and talk method which lives the
student with little or no understanding.
This study therefore, tries to determine the extent of
utilization of instructional materials in teaching and learning of
integrated science and computer in junior secondary schools in
Enugu North Local Government Area Enugu State.
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The major purpose of this research is to find out the
extent of utilization of instructional material in teaching and
learning

of

instructional

science

and

computer

in

junior

secondary school in Enugu North Local Government Area, Enugu

State. In the light of this, the specific objectives of the research
include:.
1. To ascertain the extent to which these instructional material
are being utilized in teaching and learning of integrated
science and computer in junior secondary schools in Enugu
North L.G.A Enugu state.

2. To ascertain the factors affecting utilization of instructional

materials in teaching and learning of integrated science
and computer
3. To find out the possible solutions or strategies through
which the use of instructional materials in teaching of
integrated science and computer can be increased.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
It is intended that findings from this research on the
interest of use of instructional material will be of help to both the
student, teachers, school and the government.
1. It exposes the importance of instructional materials which
would make students have more understanding on the
lessons.
2. The information from this research will help teacher to carry
out their task with ease unlike the chalk and talk method
where the teacher spend the whole

time trying to make

the student to understand what is being taught.

3. The information from this research will enable the school
administrators to ascertain the availability of instructional
materials for teaching integrated science and computer

and the extent to which they are being utilized in promoting

the new emphases on teaching integrated science and
computer in junior secondary schools in Enugu North L.G.A
Enugu State
4. The information from the research will also help the bodies,
whose duty is to lay educational policies and monitor the
progress of the planned educational evolution to ensure
that instructional materials are supplied and bottle necks
removed in time to facilitate the effective implementation
of this National policy on education with reference to
teaching of integrated science and computer.
RESEARCH QUESTION
This study seeks to provide answers to the following
1. To what extent are these instructional material being fully
utilized in teaching and learning of integrated science and
computer in junior secondary in Enugu North L.G.A
2. What are the factors affecting the use of instructional
materials in teaching and learning of integrated science
and computer in junior secondary school in Enugu North
L.G.A

3. What are the possible solution or strategies by which the

use of instructional materials can be fully increased
HYPOTHESIS
There is no significant difference in the mean achievement
(p<0.05) between students taught with instructional material
and those not taught with instructional materials
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
Because of the large size of population of student in junior
secondary sector in Enugu state, the study is narrowed to the
case study of junior secondary sector in Enugu North Local
Government Area in Enugu State

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