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Proof:
Statement Reason
1. In ∆ ABC and ∆ DCB,
a) side AB side DC Opposite sides of a parallelogram
b) side BC side CB Common side
c) diagonal AC diagonal BD Given
2. ∆ABC ∆DCB SSS test
3. ABC DCB c.s.c.t.
4. mABC + mDCB = 180º Adjacent angles
5. mABC + mABC = 180 From step (3) and (4)
2mABC = 180
mABC = 90
6. mDCB = 90 From step (3) and (5)
7. mBAD = 90 Opposite angles of parallelogram
8. Also, mADC = 90 Same as step (7)
9. ABCD is a rectangle All angles of a rectangle are right angles
RHOMBUS
Theory Question No. 11
A parallelogram having adjacent sides congruent is a rhombus.
P Q
Given: LMQP is a parallelogram.
Side PL side LM.
To prove: LMQP is a rhombus.
L M
Statement Reason
1. ABCD is a rhombus Given
2. ABCD is a parallelogram Every rhombus is a parallelogram.
3. seg PM seg RM and Diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each
seg QM seg SM other
4. In PMS and PMQ,
a) seg MS seg MQ From step (3)
b) side SP side QP Given
c) seg PM seg PM Common side
5. PMS PMQ SSS test
6. PMS PMQ c.a.c.t.
7. But, PMS and PMQ are in linear pair.
a) mPMS + mPMQ = 180
2 mPMS = 180
mPMS = 90
8. seg PM and seg SM are perpendicular From step (3) and (7a)
SQUARE
Theory Question No. 13
Statement Reason
1. In ABCD, seg AM seg CM and Given
seg DM seg BM
If three parallel lines make congruent intercepts on a transversal then they make
congruent intercepts on any other transversal.
t1 t2
Statement Reason
TRAPEZIUM
Property: In a trapezium, line segment joining mid-points of non-parallel sides is
(i) parallel to its parallel sides and
(ii) half the sum of the lengths of its parallel sides.
A B
P Q
D C
ABCD is a trapezium in which side AB ॥ side DC. P and Q are the mid-points of seg AD and
seg BC respectively then,
1) seg PQ ॥ seg DC ॥ seg AB
1
2) PQ AB DC .
2
SOLVED PROBLEMS
1. ABCD is a parallelogram. On the diagonal AC take points P and Q so that AP = CQ. Prove
that BQDP is a parallelogram.
D C
Given: 1) ABCD is a parallelogram.
Q
M 2) AP = CQ.
P To Prove: BQDP is a parallelogram.
A B
Construction: Join B to D intersecting AC at point
Proof:
Statement Reason
1. In parallelogram ABCD,
a) DB is the diagonal Construction.
b) DM MB M bisects the diagonal DB.
2. AC is the diagonal Hypotenuse side test
a) AM = MC Same as (1b)
3. But, AM = AP + PM A–P–M
a) CM = CQ + MQ C–Q–M
2. ABCD is a parallelogram; E is the midpoint of diagonal AC. Line PQ is any line through
E cutting the opposite sides DC and AB respectively in P and Q. Prove that seg PQ is
bisected at E.
D P C Given: 1) ABCD is a parallelogram.
2) E is the midpoint of diagonal AC.
E
To Prove: Seg PQ is bisected at E. i.e. PE = EQ
A B
Q
Proof:
Statement Reason
1. In parallelogram ABCD,
a) AC is the diagonal Construction.
b) AE = EC Given.
2. DC ‖ AB and AC is the transversal.
a) DCA CAB Converse of alternate angle test.
i.e. PCE EAQ
3. PEC AEQ Vertically opposite angles.
4. In PEC and QEA
a) PCE CAB From step (2a)
b) AE = EC From step (1b)
c) PEC AEQ From step (3)
d) PEC QEA ASA test
5. PE = EQ. c.s.c.t.
i.e. Seg PQ is bisected at E.
4. In a rhombus with side 13cm and one of its diagonal is 24cm. Find the other diagonal and
the perimeter of rhombus.
Proof:
5. A rhombus with area 336 sq.cm, one of its diagonal is 48cm. Find the other diagonal and
perimeter of the rhombus.
Given: 1) is a rhombus.
2) Diagonal d1 = 48cm
3) Side = 25cm
To find: 1) Diagonal d 2
2) Perimeter of rhombus.
Proof:
Statement Reason
1. In rhombus,
a) Diagonals are perpendicular bisectors of Diagonal property of a rhombus.
each other.
2. Diagonal d1 = 48cm Given.
1 1
a) d1 = 48 = 24cm = x (say)
2 2
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