Hydrochloric acid Regeneration of Cation Exchange Resin 225 H

225 H
Hydrochloric acid Regeneration

Description
Applications
INDION 225 H is a premium grade strong acid cation

exchange resin containing sulphonic acid groups. It is
based on cross-linked polystyrene and has a gel
structure. The resin has high capacity and excellent
kinetics.
De-ionising
INDION 225 H in hydrogen form is used as a first step
in de-ionising. Technical data for co-flow and counter
current regeneration is given in this literature.
Characteristics
Appearance
Golden yellow to brown beads
Matrix
Styrene divinylbenzene copolymer
Functional Group
Sulphonic acid
Ionic form as supplied
Hydrogen, H+
Total exchange capacity
1.8 meq/ml, minimum
Moisture holding capacity
49 -55 %
Shipping weight *
780 kg/m3 approximately
Particle size range
0.3 to 1.2 mm
> 1.2 mm
5.0%, maximum
< 0.3 mm
1.0%, maximum
Uniformity co-efficient
1.7, maximum
Effective size
0.45 to 0.55 mm
Maximum operating temperature
1200 C
Operating pH range
0 to 14
Volume change
Na to H, 8 % approximately
Resistance to reducing agents
Good
Resistance to oxidizing agents
Generally good, chlorine should be absent
* Weight of resin, as supplied, occupying 1 m3 in a unit after backwashing & draining.
Applications
Two stage de-ionising
Mixed bed de-ionsing
Two stage de-ionising uses two units in series - the first

containing INDION 225 H as cation exchanger and
second containing strong base anion exchanger Type I
resins such as INDION FFIP/GS 300/810 or Type II
When treated water of highest possible quality is

required, INDION 225 H strong acid cation exchange
resin is used with INDION FFIP in a mixed bed unit. A
mixed bed is often operated as the last unit in a
de-ionising stream to act as a polisher for producing
water of highest quality.
resins such as INDION NIP/GS 400/820.
Typical operating data

Two stage/multiple stage
de-ionising
Co-Flow Regeneration
Counter Current
regeneration
Minimum bed depth
0.75 m
1.0 m
Treatment flowrate
45 m3/h m2, maximum
45 m3/h m2, maximum
Pressure loss ..
Refer Figure 12
Refer Figure 12
Bed expansion .
Refer Figure 11
Refer Figure 11
Backwash
9 m3/h m2 for 5 minutes
9 m3/h m2 till effluent is

clear*
Regenerant
Hydrochloric acid
Hydrochloric acid
(4.0 to 5.0% w/v)
(2.5 to 5.0% w/v)
Regenerant flowrate ..
3-18 m3/h m2
3-18 m3/h m2
Regenerant injection time .
15 minutes, minimum
20 minutes, minimum
Slow rinse ..
2.5 m /m upto 5/6 injection

flowrate
2-3m 3 /m 3 at injection
flowrate
Final rinse
7.5 m3/m3 at 10 m3/h m3 or at

treatment flowrate whichever is
higher
For 5 minutes at treatment

flowrate
* After a set number of regenerations
Operating exchange capacity

Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 give operating exchange capacity
Whenever the counter current unit is backwashed,
of INDION 225 H when used in co-flow regeneration
higher than the normal quantity of regeneration has to
mode. Operating exchange capacity of INDION 225H
be used in subsequent injection operation.
in counter current mode depends on :

l
Regeneration level
Alkaline content of feed water
Sodium content of feed water
Active bed-depth
Thoroughfare regeneration
When the alkaline hardness is high, use of INDION
236 weak acid cation exchanger preceding INDION
225 H is recommended.
In such cases, the regeneration can be conducted first
Figures 5, 6, 7 and 8 give operating exchange capacity
through strong acid cation exchanger, followed by
and correction factor of INDION 225 H in counter
weak acid cation exchanger. The waste acid from the
current regeneration mode.
strong acid cation exchanger is utilised to regenerate

the weak acid cation exchanger. This process improves
Regeneration
the utilisation of acid and minimises the effluent while
Co-flow regeneration
obtaining highest quality treated water. This process is
The concentration of hydrochloric acid used in
commonly referred to as thoroughfare regeneration.
regeneration is 4-5 % w/v.
Treated water quality
Counter current regeneration
Leakage of sodium ions in treated water from strongly
The concentration of hydrochloric acid used in
acidic cation exchanger depends on:
regeneration is 2.5 to 5 % w/v. For acid dilution and
Sodium content of feed
rinsing, decationised water must be used.
Regeneration level employed
To prevent the disturbance of the resin bed during
Refer to Figure 10 for leakage characteristics of
upward acid injection and uprinse, use of down flow of
INDION 225 H in co-flow regeneration mode. The
water is employed. Alternatively, a downward air
exchange capacities of INDION 225 H in counter
pressure can also be used for the same purpose.
current mode of regeneration are shown in Figure 5.
Backwashing of complete bed, during every
These are based on end point of one ppm of sodium
regeneration is not desirable and only subsurface wash
slip expressed as CaCO3 . For sodium slip less than
must be employed.
one ppm, consult us.
OPERATING EXCHANGE CAPACITY
(Co-Flow)
(Co-Flow)
Figure 1
Figure 2
100
100
90
100
90
100
Feed (Na + K),%
80
Feed (Na + K),%
80
70
70
70
60
70
60
40/0
40/0
50
20
20
50
40
40
30
30
20
20
40
60
80
20
20
100 120 140 160
Regeneration level, kg 100% HCl/m
40
60
80
100 120 140 160
Regeneration level, kg 100% HCl/m3
Alk/TC = 0
Alk/TC = 0.3
(Co-Flow)
(Co-Flow)
Figure 3
Figure 4
100
100
100
90
100
90
Feed (Na + K),%
(Na + K),%
80
80
70
70
70
70
40/0
60
40/0
60
20
20
50
50
40
40
30
30
20
20
40
60
80
100 120 140 160
Regeneration level, kg 100% HCl/m

Alk/TC = 0.6
20
20
40
60
80
100 120 140 160

Alk/TC = 1.0
CORRECTION FACTOR FOR
OPERATING EXCHANGE CAPACITY (CCR)
FEED SODIUM (CCR)
Figure 5
Figure 6
1.1
70
1.05
Correction Factor
80
60
50
1.0
0.95
0.9
40
0.85
30
25
25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75
0.8
0
20
40
% Na/TC
ALKALINE FACTOR FOR
CORRECTION FACTOR FOR
FEED ALKALINITY (CCR)
BED DEPTH (CCR)
Figure 7
1.05
1.08
1.0
1.05
0.95
0.9
100
Figure 8
1.10
Correction Factor
Correction Factor
80
1.1
1.03
1.00
0.98
0.85
0.8
0
60
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
% Alk/TC
0.95
0.5
1.0
1.5
Bed depth - m
2.0
2.5
Mixed bed de-ionsing

When used as the cation exchanger in a mixed bed unit,
variation with feed water composition in operating
exchange capacity is less than that, in two stage
deionising. For practical purposes, feed water may be
classified as
l
l
In both cases, INDION 225 H may be regenerated

with hydrochloric acid of 5% concentration.
Figure 9 gives operating exchange capacity when
used in a mixed bed unit.
Ion exchange softened or demineralised

Low ionic load influent.
Typical operating data

Mixed bed de-ionising
Total Bed depth
1.0 - 2.4 m using INDION 225 H and INDION FFIP
Rising space .
75% of bed depth
Treatment flowrate ..
60 m3/h m2, maximum
Pressure loss....
1.2 kg/cm2, maximum when using INDION 225 H & INDION FFIP
Bed separation ...
9 m3/h m2 for 10 minutes
Bed settlement ....
Allow 5 minutes for separation before commencing injection of

regenerants
Acid injection rate ...
3-18 m3/h m2 for 6-10 minutes with 3-5% w/v concentration
Downflow ....
1.5 m3/h m2
Acid rinse ....
2 m3/m3 in 10-15 minutes
Unit drain down .....
Before remixing the resins, the water level should be lowered to

approx. 0.4 m above the bed
Bed re-mixed .....
2 m3/minute m2 oil free air at 0.4 kg/cm2 pressure for 10 minutes
Settle bed, refill unit, ............
These operations should be carried out in such a way to avoid

separation of the two resins. Final rinse to satisfactory water quality
should be effected at the treatment flowrate, or at 24 m3/h m2,
whichever is greater. Total time required is normally about 5-10
minutes depending upon end point conductivity required.
final rinse
LEAKAGE CHARACTERISTIC (Co-Flow)
MIX BED DE-IONISING
Figure 10
Figure 9
50
55
Feed (Na + K), %

30
50
100
Leakage % EMA
20
45
40
80
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
60
40
35
30
20
30
60
40
80
100 120
20 40
60
80
30
Figure 12
40
100
90
50
1.0
0.8
0.6
5
20
40
70
0.4
80
100
60
70
Bed expansion %
160
PRESSURE LOSS
Figure 11
5 10 20
120 140
BED EXPANSION
Temp 0C
100
0.2
60
80
50
100
40
30
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
20
0.02
10
0
0
10
20
30
40
Back wash, m3/h m2
50
60
0.01
1
6 8 10
Flow Rate, m3/h m2
20
40 60
Bulletin R003R
Use of good quality regenerants
Storage
All ion exchange resins are subject to fouling and

blockage of active groups by precipitated iron. Hence
the iron content in the feed water should be low and the
regenerant must be essentially free from iron and heavy
metals. All resins are prone to oxidative attack,
resulting in problems such as loss of physical strength.
Therefore, the regenerant should have as low chlorine
content as possible. Good quality regenerant of
technically or chemically pure grade should be used to
obtain best results.
Ion exchange resins require proper care at all times.

The resin must never be allowed to become dry.
Packing
HDPE lined bags 25/50 lts
LDPE bags
1cft/25 lts
Super sack
Super sack
35 cft
1000 lts
MS drums
Regularly open the plastic bags and check the condition

of the resin when in storage. If not moist, add enough
clean demineralised water and keep it in completely
moist condition. Always keep the resin drum in the
shade. Recommended storage temperature is between
20 o C and 40o C
Safety
Acid and alkali solutions are corrosive and should be
handled in a manner that will prevent eye and skin
contact. If any oxidising agents are used, necessary
safety precautions should be observed to avoid
accidents and damage to the resin.
Fiber drums
with liner bags
180 lts
with liner bags
7 cft
INDION range of Ion Exchange resins are produced in a state-of-the-art ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 certified manufacturing facilities at Ankleshwar,
in the state of Gujarat in India.
To the best of our knowledge the information contained in this publication is accurate. Ion Exchange (India) Ltd. maintains a policy of continuous
development and reserves the right to amend the information given herein without notice.
is the registered trademark of Ion Exchange (India) Ltd.
INTERNATIONAL DIVISION
R-14, T.T.C MIDC, Thane-Belapur Road, Rabale, Navi Mumbai 400 701
Tel: 022-3989 0909/3047 2400 Fax: 022-2769 7918
E-mail: rabcrointl@ionexchange.co.in; export.sales@ionexchange.co.in
REGIONAL OFFICES
Chennai
- Tel: 044-3989 0909/3910 2900
Fax: 044-2815 3361
E-mail: checro@ionexchange.co.in
Delhi
Fax: 011-2577 4837

- Tel: 011-3989 0909/3054 3200
E-mail: delcro@ionexchange.co.in
Kolkata
- Tel: 033-3989 0909/3043 3400

E-mail: calcro@ionexchange.co.in
Vashi
Fax: 022-2788 9839

- Tel: 022-3989 0909/3913 2300
E-mail: mumcro@ionexchange.co.in
Fax: 033-2400 4345
BRANCH OFFICES
- Tel: 080-2204 2888
Bengaluru
E-mail: bngcro@ionexchange.co.in
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- Tel: 0674-326 9525

E-mail: bbsr@ionexchange.co.in
Chandigarh
Fax: 0172-274 4594

- Tel: 0172-274 5011
E-mail: delcro@ionexchange.co.in
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Fax: 040-3066 3104

- Tel: 040-3066 3101/02/03
E-mail: hydcro@ionexchange.co.in
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Fax: 0522- 301 3401

- Tel: 0522-301 3401/02
E-mail: luk.general@ionexchange.co.in
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Fax: 0265-239 8508

- Tel: 0265-302 7489/90
E-mail: brdcro@ionexchange.co.in
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E-mail: sales.vizag@ionexchange.co.in
:
0413
CORPORATE OFFICE
Ion House, Dr. E. Moses Road, Mahalaxmi, Mumbai 400 011
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Hydrochloric acid Regeneration of Cation Exchange Resin 225 H

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225 H

Hydrochloric acid Regeneration

INDION 225 H is a premium grade strong acid cation

Golden yellow to brown beads

Styrene divinylbenzene copolymer

Ionic form as supplied

Total exchange capacity

1.8 meq/ml, minimum

Moisture holding capacity

780 kg/m3 approximately

Particle size range

Maximum operating temperature

Resistance to reducing agents

Resistance to oxidizing agents

Generally good, chlorine should be absent

* Weight of resin, as supplied, occupying 1 m3 in a unit after backwashing & draining.

Two stage de-ionising

Mixed bed de-ionsing

Two stage de-ionising uses two units in series - the first

When treated water of highest possible quality is

resins such as INDION NIP/GS 400/820.

Typical operating data

Minimum bed depth

45 m3/h m2, maximum

45 m3/h m2, maximum

9 m3/h m2 for 5 minutes

9 m3/h m2 till effluent is

(4.0 to 5.0% w/v)

(2.5 to 5.0% w/v)

Regenerant injection time .

2.5 m /m upto 5/6 injection

7.5 m3/m3 at 10 m3/h m3 or at

For 5 minutes at treatment

* After a set number of regenerations

Operating exchange capacity

Whenever the counter current unit is backwashed,

of INDION 225 H when used in co-flow regeneration

higher than the normal quantity of regeneration has to

mode. Operating exchange capacity of INDION 225H

be used in subsequent injection operation.

in counter current mode depends on :

Alkaline content of feed water

Sodium content of feed water

Figures 5, 6, 7 and 8 give operating exchange capacity

through strong acid cation exchanger, followed by

and correction factor of INDION 225 H in counter

weak acid cation exchanger. The waste acid from the

current regeneration mode.

strong acid cation exchanger is utilised to regenerate

the utilisation of acid and minimises the effluent while

obtaining highest quality treated water. This process is

The concentration of hydrochloric acid used in

commonly referred to as thoroughfare regeneration.

regeneration is 4-5 % w/v.

Treated water quality

Counter current regeneration

Leakage of sodium ions in treated water from strongly

The concentration of hydrochloric acid used in

acidic cation exchanger depends on:

regeneration is 2.5 to 5 % w/v. For acid dilution and

Sodium content of feed

rinsing, decationised water must be used.