OBDBr-2 Highlights

and Opportunities
related to I/M
Prepared by Michel Zambon Alves

AEA SEMINAR - Apr 2nd, 2009

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Main Topics

OBD Introduction

OBDBr Regulations

How does OBD work?

OBDBr-2 Highlights

USA I/M Program Overview

Final Considerations

AEA SEMINAR - Apr 2nd, 2009

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OBD Introduction

OBD is a real-time, on-board monitoring system

integrated into the Powertrain Control Module
(PCM)

It monitors emission related components and
systems as the vehicle is being driven

Objectives:

Reduce high in-use emissions caused by

emission-related malfunctions
Reduce time between occurrence of a malfunction
and its detection and repair
Allow quick diagnostic of emission-related
malfunction
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OBD

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Examples of OBD Standards

OBD-II

JOBD

EOBD

OBDBr-2

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OBDBr Regulation
CONAMA RESOLUTION 354/2004

REGULATORY INSTRUCTIONS

general requirements

implementation phase-in

detailed technical
requirements

OBDBr-1

OBDBr-1

2007 2008 2009

40% 70% 100%

OBDBr-2
2010 2011
60% 100%

126/2006

OBDBr-2
Proposed text sent to CONAMA

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How does OBD

work?

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Practical Example
Background Ignition System Monitoring
OBDBrOBDBr-1

OBDBrOBDBr-2

Coil 1

Coil 2

Coil 3

Coil 4

Important: there are other possible

OBDBr-1 / OBDBr-2 monitoring strategies
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Practical Example
Misfire on cylinder #3

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Practical Example
Misfire on cylinder #3

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Practical Example
Misfire on cylinder #3

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OBDBr-2 Highlights and Peculiarities

AFR RANGES MONITOR ENABLEMENT

(oxygen sensors deterioration, catalyst)

E19 to E30
E90 to E100

MONITOR DISABLEMENT
(oxygen sensors, catalyst, misfire)

blow-by warm-up phase (vaporization of fuel from the oil)

fuel inferring and learning

IMPORTED VEHICLES

volumes up to 1000 units / semester / vehicle

configuration  original OBD-II or EOBD certification

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OBDBr-2 Highlights and Peculiarities

VIN and CALID info available to the scan tool

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USA I/M Program Overview

Enhanced or Basic I/M requirement is based on Clean Air
Act Amendments (CAAA) classification for ozone and CO
non-attainment areas

ENHANCED
1992

1974

1978

NEW
JERSEY

I/M
POLICY

1995

2002

ARIZONA,
COLORADO

OBD I/M

BASIC

1996
OBD-II

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USA I/M Program Overview

Typical Tailpipe Emission Related Inspections

Basic I/M

visual inspection of
emission control
devices

Enhanced I/M

visual inspection of emission
control devices

pre-1981 MY: idle testing (HC, CO)

idle testing (HC, CO)

1981-1985 MY: two-speed testing
(HC, CO)

1986 MY on: loaded-mode testing
(HC, CO, NOx)

OBD-II checks

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USA I/M Program Overview

Enhanced I/M Emission Test Cycles

IM240: loaded-mode transient test

ASM: loaded-mode steady-state test

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USA I/M Program Overview

OBD-I/M

vs Conventional I/M

Dec, 2001  EPA OBD Policy Workgroup

Jan, 2002  EPA required that States implement OBDOBD-II checks in
I/M lanes and discouraged additional tailpipe testing
Nov, 2002  EPA OBD Policy Workgroup Findings:

Oregon and Wisconsin data shows average OBD failure rates very similar
to tailpipe testing

Necessary repairs to deactivate the MIL and to comply with I/M tailpipe
testing have similar average costs

OBD appears very effective at finding emissions related failures on

very high mileage (over 100,000 miles) vehicles

OBD provides accurate diagnosis allowing the repairs to be more

effective and minimizing consecutive I/M failures after a repair

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USA I/M Program Overview

OBD-I/M

vs Conventional I/M

ADVANTAGES

OBD thresholds are generally more stringent than I/M
standards

Scan tools are used instead of dynamometers and gas
analyzers and they are far less expensive

Safety concerns related to dynamometer operation can be
avoided

Test times are significantly faster

DISADVANTAGES

OBD regulations are generally delayed in relation to I/M
ones

Technical people would need to be properly trained to
perform OBD inspections
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Final Considerations

OBD effectiveness increases with introduction of

OBD Checks in the I/M programs

OBD Checks can potentially avoid increase in cost
and test time as I/M requirement gets more
stringent following the Emission Regulation for
new vehicles

Correlations tests (OBD Checks vs conventional I/M
emission results) are fundamental to support
further I/M regulation definition

Only by end of 2011 there may be significant
number of OBDBr-2 vehicles in need of repair
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Thank you!
contact: malves13@ford.com

Regulatory information contained in this presentation is intended

intended to serve as reference only.
Updated and complete rules and regulations must be used for official
official purposes.

AEA SEMINAR - Apr 2nd, 2009

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