The Islamic University - Gaza

Faculty of Engineering
Civil Engineering Department
Materials Laboratory (ECIV 2141)

Report (6)
Non-destructive tests on the hardened concrete
Prepared by:
Mahmoud M Radi

120123033

Submitted to:
Eng. Mohammed Mousa
Class no: 103
Group no: 1

Date: 23/12/2014

Part I

(Schmidt hammer)
Introduction:
This experiment is one of concrete tests; this test covers to determine the
Rebound number to hardened concrete by Schmidt hammer density of hardened
concrete.

Objective:

To determine the strength of hardened concrete and its in-place uniformity.

Equipments:
1)

Schmidt hammer.

Procedure:
1. The surface of the concrete where we will collide the hammer with it
should be smooth.
2. We should remove any finishing materials from the test surface.
3. We have to avoid the steel bars places as possible.
4. The thick of the structural element shall be at least 10cm (100mm),
and its test areas diameter shall be at least 15cm (150mm).
5. We hold the hammer firmly so that the plunger is perpendicular to the test
surface (The angle between Schmidt Hammer with the horizontal
plane=900).
6. Gradually we push the hammer towards the surface until the hammer
impacts with the test surface.
7. We take 10 readings at each test area by impacting the hammer with the test
surface.

Measurements:

Reading #1
Reading #2
Reading #3
Reading #4
Reading #5
Reading #6
Reading #7
Reading #8
Reading #9
Reading #10

22
18
14
25
17
28
20
22
20
28

Reading #1
Reading #2
Reading #3
Reading #4
Reading #5
Reading #6
Reading #7
Reading #8
Reading #9
Reading #10

22
18
14
25
17
28
20
22
20
28

Average Rebound Number

19.75

Calculations:

Final Average = (22+18+14+25+17+20+22+20)/8= 19.75

The compressive stress when = -90:
fc= I couldn't found in the graph

Results:
Final Average = 13.75

Comment:
This test require alignment the hummer so the neglected value as 28 because
of this .

Part II

Pulse velocity (Ultrasonic)

Introduction:
This test is also classified as non-destructive one ,but it concerns actually on
determination pulse velocity of dispersion of ultrasonic waves in concrete ,which
directly proportional to the modulus of elasticity and inversely to the density.
This method can be used to:
1-Determine the uniformity of concrete.
2-Determine the presence of cracks and voids in concrete.
3*Indicate changes of properties of concrete.

Note that: The result may be used to estimate the in-place strength of concrete

by depending on a relationship exists between the strength and the pulse velocity.
Definitions:
Ultra Sonic Pulse Velocity:
The Speed at which Ultra Sonic Waves passes through the test concrete.
There are three positions to measure the concrete strength:
1-Direct.

2-Semi-Direct.

3-In-Direct.

Objective:
Determine the strength of hardened concrete by using the pulse velocity and
its relationships with density and modulus of elasticity.

 Equipments:
1)
2)

Ultrasonic device.
Coupling agent.

Procedure:
1) We apply zero-time correction by measuring the travel time between the two
transducer with zero distance.
2) We use the vaslin to the transducers to the test surface ( to avoid entrapped air
between the transducers and the test surface ).
3) We press the faces of the transducer against the test surface of concrete
assuring good contact between them. If we measure the velocity when the two
transducers are opposite each other ( Direct ) it is better than when they are
( In-Direct).
4) We take the travel time from the time displaying unit, and the length of the
shortest path between the centers of the transmitter and the receiver.
5) Calculate speed by this equation V=

L
t

6) And we can calculate the density by this equation

V

Measurements:
Direct
L=15cm = 0.15m
t = 33.7 sec.
semi
Semi Direct,
L = 10.606 cm,
T = 22.2 sec
.
Non Direct,
L = 6 cm,
T = 10.8 sec.

Calculations:
.15
=4451.03 m/s
33.7 * 10 6
.10606
l
Semi direct v = t = 33.7 *10 6 = 4820.9 m/s
.06
l
None direct v = t = 10.8 *10 6 =5555.5 m/s

Direct v =

l
t

Results:
Direct v =

.15
=4451.03 m/s
33.7 * 10 6
Semi direct v = l = .106066 = 4820.9 m/s
t
33.7 * 10
.06
None direct v = l =
=
t
10.8 * 10 6 5555.5 m/s
l
t

Comment:
It is also was a direct and easy test (i.e. it doesnt take any mentioned effort or
concentration.
Again we say this test is only an indication and we cant say the concrete is
okay or not from it.
I hope to learn more tests on the hardened concrete in the future.

Destructive tests (Core test)

Introduction:
This experiment is one of concrete tests ; This test covers to determine the
strength of concrete if the compressive test is failed.
Condition should be satisfied to give the sample:
Core sample 1

L
D

2.

The samples should be takes from places that's no shear on it..

Age of sample 14 days.
The test is applied after 28 days from the day of pouring.
The bars of steel should be less than 2 bars.
At least take three samples.

 Objective:
Determine the true strength of concrete.

Equipments:
Core sampler machine

Procedure:
1) Put the machine at vertical stand on the concrete that we want to get the
sample .
2) We choose the diameter of sample and prepare the machine.
3) Make capping of the cylinder sample.
4) Put the sample on break machine and record P(max) at faller.
5) We calculate the compressive strength by
Fc'(cylinder) =

P(max)
A

Measurements:
Pmax

Area

Calculation:
Fc'(cylinder) =

P(max)
A

Comment:
We didn't apply the experiment, but the Engineer show us sample and we
didn't brake it.