AP Biology

Unit #3 Test
Chapters 7& 8
Cell Structure & Function/Diffusion & Osmosis
1.

Which of the following organelles modifies and packages for secretion the materials produced by the
ribosomes? (1999 AP Biology Exam)
a.
Chloroplast
b.
Golgi apparatus
c.
Nucleus
d.
Nucleolus
e.
Mitochondrion

2.

A student using a light microscope observes a cell and correctly decides that it is a plant cell because: (1999
AP Biology Exam)
a.
Ribosomes are visible
b.
Endoplasmic Reticulum can be
seen
c.
A cell membrane is present
d.
It has a large central vacuole
e.
Centrioles are present

3.

Which of the following best supports the statement that mitochondria are descendents of endosymbiotic
bacteria-like cells? (1999 AP Biology Exam)
a.
Mitochondria and bacteria possess similar ribosomes & DNA
b.
Mitochondria and bacteria possess similar nuclei
c.
Glycolysis occurs in both mitochondria and bacteria
d.
Both mitochondria and bacteria have microtubules
e.
Neither mitochondria nor bacteria possess chloroplasts

4.

Membranes are components of all of the following except a: (1999 AP Biology Exam)
a.
Microtubule
b.
Nucleus
c.
Golgi apparatus
d.
Mitochondrion
e.
Lysosome

5.

In the mesophyll cells of a leaf, the synthesis of ATP occurs in which of the following? (1999 AP Biology Exam)
I. Ribosome
II. Mitochondrion
III. Chloroplasts
a.
I only
b.
II only
c.
III only
d.
II and III only
e.
I, II and III

6.

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells generally have which of the following features in common? (1999 AP Biology
Exam)
a.
A membrane-bound nucleus
b.
A cell wall made of cellulose
c.
Ribosomes
d.
Flagella or cilia that contain
microtubules
e.
Linear chromosomes made of DNA & protein

7.

Which of the following is best observed by using a compound light microscope? (1999 AP Biology Exam)
a.
A Eukaryotic cell
b.
A virus
c.
A DNA sequence
d.
The inner structure of a mitochondrion
e.
A nuclear pore

8.

A biologist isolates numerous tiny, green-pigmented cells from a sample of lake water. The cells are covered
with a mucilaginous (mucus) sheath. They contain relatively large amounts of chlorophyll a and phycobilin
pigments and lack a compact, organized nucleus. Electron microscopy will reveal that these cells also contain
which of the following pairs of subcellular structures? (1999 AP Biology Exam)
a.
Ribosomes & chloroplasts
b.
Ribosomes & mitochondria
c.
Golgi bodies and a cell wall
d.
Thylakoids & a cell wall
e.
Chloroplasts & mitochondria

The following questions refer to an experiment in which a dialysis-tubing bag is filled with a mixture of 3% starch
and 3% glucose and placed in a beaker of distilled water, as shown below. After 3 hours, glucose can be detected in
the water outside the dialysis-tubing bag, but starch cannot. (1999 AP Biology Exam)

9.

From the initial

conditions and results described which
of the following is a logical conclusion? (1999 AP Biology Exam)
a.
The initial concentration of glucose in the bag is higher than the initial concentration of starch
in the bag.
b.
The pores of the bag are larger than the glucose molecules but smaller than the starch
molecules
c.
The bag is not selectively permeable
d.
A net movement of water into the beaker has occurred
e.
The molarity of the solution in the bag and the molarity of the solution in the surrounding
beaker are the same.

10.

Which of the following best describes the condition expected after 24 hours? (1999 AP Biology Exam)
a.
The bag will contain more water than it did in the original condition.
b.
The contents of the bag will have the same osmotic concentration as the surrounding solution
c.
Water potential in the bag will be greater than water potential in the surrounding solution.
d.
Starch molecules will continue to pass through the bag
e.
A glucose test on the solution in the bag will be negative

11.

If, instead of the bag, a potato slice were placed in the beaker of distilled water, which of the following would
be true of the potato slice? (1999 AP Biology Exam)
a.
It would gain mass
b.
It would neither gain nor lose mass
c.
It would absorb solutes from the surrounding liquid
d.
It would lose water until water potential inside the cells is equal to zero.
e.
The cells of the potato would increase their metabolic activity

12.

The nucleolus functions in the production of (1994 AP Biology Exam)

a.
Golgi apparatus
b.
Microtubules
c.
Mitochondria
d.
Ribosomes
e.
Endoplasmic Reticulum

13.

If plant cells are immersed in distilled water, the resulting movement of water into the cells is called (1990 AP
Biology Exam)
a.
Conduction
b.
Active transport
c.
Transpiration
d.
Osmosis
e.
Facilitated diffusion
Which of the following is the primary role of the lysosome? (1990 AP Biology Exam)
a.
ATP synthesis
b.
Intracellular digestion
c.
Lipid transport
d.
Carbohydrate storage
e.
Protein synthesis

14.

The following questions refer to the diagram below:

15.

Hydrophilic
(1990 AP Biology Exam)

16.

Cell-recognition component (1990 AP Biology Exam)

17.

Carriers or permeases involved in cell transport. (1990 AP Biology Exam)

portion of lipid molecule

18.

A cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane and
mitochondria. It could be a cell from
a.
A bacterium
b.
An animal, but not a plant
c.
A plant, but not an animal
d.
A plant or an animal
e.
Any kind of organism

19.

Cells can be described as having a cytoskeleton of internal structures that contribute to the shape,
organization, and movement of the cell. All of the following are part of the cytoskeleton EXCEPT
a.
The cell wall
b.
Microtubules
c.
Microfilaments
d.
Intermediate filaments
e.
Actin

20.

Which organelle makes steroid hormones?

a.
Mitochondria
c.
Rougn Endoplasmic Reticulum
e.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

b.
d.

Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes

21.

Which organelle sorts out mixtures of substances and sends them to their proper destinations
a.
Mitochondria
b.
Golgi apparatus
c.
Rougn Endoplasmic Reticulum
d.
Lysosomes
e.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

22.

Which of the following is capable of converting light energy to chemical energy?

a.
Chloroplasts
b.
Mitochondria
c.
Leucoplasts
d.
Peroxisomes
e.
Golgi bodies

23.

The net movement of uncharged molecules from a lower concentration to a higher concentration is described
by which of the following?
a.
Diffusion
b.
Active transport
c.
Osmosis
d.
Facilitated diffusion
e.
Exocytosis

24.

Which of the following statements is CORRECT about diffusion?

a.
It is very rapid over long distances.
b.
It requires an expenditure of energy by the cell
c.
It is a passive process
d.
It occurs when molecules move from a region of lower concentration to one higher
concentration.
e.
It requires integral proteins in the cell membrane.

25.

What membrane surface molecules are thought to be most important as cells recognize each other?
a.
Phospholipids
b.
Integral Proteins
c.
Peripheral proteins
d.
Cholesterol
e.
Glycoproteins

26.

White blood cells engulf large bacteria through what process?

a.
Exocytosis
b.
c.
Pinocytosis
e.
Receptor-mediated exocytosis

27.

Phagocytosis
d.
Osmosis

Which of the following would indicate that facilitated diffusion was taking place?
a.
Substances were moving against the diffusion gradient
b.
A substance was diffusing much faster than the physical condition indicates it should
c.
ATP was being rapidly consumed as the substance moved
d.
A substance was slowing as it moved down its concentration gradient

e.

A substance was moving from a region of low concentration into a region of higher
concentration.

28.

Which of the following characterizes the sodium-potassium pump?

a.
Sodium ions are pumped out of a cell against their gradient
b.
Potassium ions are pumped into a cell against their gradient
c.
Each exchange costs the cell one ATP
d.
A carrier protein undergoes conformational change
e.
All of the above characterize the sodium-potassium pump?

29.

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of a carrier protein in a plasma membrane?

a.
It is a peripheral membrane protein
b.
It exhibits specificity for a particular type of molecule
c.
It requires energy to function
d.
It works against diffusion
e.
It has few, if any, hydrophobic amino acids

30.

A prokaryotic cell has which of the following? (2002 AP Biology Exam)

a.
Centrioles
b.
Lysosomes
c.
Plasma membrane
d.
Mitochondria
e.
Endoplasmmic reticulum

31.

Simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion are related in that both (2002 AP Biology Exam)
a.
Require protein carriers
b.
Depend on a concentration gradient
c.
Occur via contractions of cytoskeletal elements attached to membrane proteins.
d.
Are endergonic processes and thus require the hydrolysis of ATP
e.
Occur in eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotic cells

32.

Which of the following is correct concerning a spherical cell? (2002 AP Biology Exam)
a.
As the diameter decreases, the surface area remains the same.
b.
As the diameter decreases, the surface area increases
c.
As the diameter decreases, the surface-to-volume ratio increases
d.
As the diameter increases, the volume decreases
e.
The surface-to-volume ratio is independent of the
diameter.

The following questions refer to the diagram of a plant cell at the right:
(2002 AP Biology Exam)
33.

The site of glucose synthesis

34.

The site of conversion of chemical energy of glucose to ATP

35.

The site of transport of materials into and out of the cell

36.

Evolved from a photoautotrophic prokaryote

The following questions refer to the graph at the right of the questions,
which illustrates the percent change in the mass of pieces of plant tissue placed in solutions of different sucrose
molarities (2002 AP Biology Exam)
37.

Which of the following occurs in the tissue that is placed in 0.6 M sucrose?

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

The
The
The
The
The

cells become turgid.

cells burst
volume of the vacuoles decreases
volume of the cytoplasm increases
cells remain the same as before.

38.

The approximate molarity of the solution in which the mass of the

plant pieces would not change is
a.
0.0 M
b.
0.1 M
c.
0.3 M
d.
0.5 M
e.
0.7 M

39.

A single layer of phospholipid molecules coats a beaker of water. Which part of the molecules will face the air?
a.
The phosphate group
b.
The hydrocarbon tails
c.
Neither, the phospholipids would be sideways
d.
Neither, the phospholipids would dissolve

40.

Which of the following is not part of modern cell theory?

I. The cell is the basic unit of life.
II. Cells come from preexisting cells.
III. All living things are made of cells.
IV. All cells have plasma membranes.
a.
c.
e.

I only
III only
All of the above are true

b.
d.

II only
IV only

41.

Rough endoplasmic reticulum contains ribosomes that synthesize

a.
Proteins
b.
Carbohydrates
c.
Lipids
d.
Mucus
e.
Lymph

42.

The inner
called:
a.
c.
e.

mitochondrial membrane that increases the surface area where the production of ATP takes place is
Endoplasmic reticulum
Thylakoids
Leucoplasts

b.
d.

Cristae
Grana

43.

Which of the following is not a function of the extracellular matrix?

a.
Holds cells in a tissue together
b.
Influences the rigidity and elasticity of tissues
c.
Affects the development of cells and tissues in embryos and fetuses
d.
Is a network of microtubules
e.
Is unable to hold cancer cells together

44.

Why are plasma membranes fluid?

a.
They contain both integral and peripheral proteins.
b.
The heads of the phospholipids are not bound tightly to each other.
c.
Integral membrane proteins have at least part of their structure in contact with membrane
phospholipids
d.
They are spanned by transmembrane proteins.

e.

The tails for the phospholipids are not bound tightly to each other.

Apples!
Problem Solving
Short Answer:
50.

In part IA of the lab (where you placed the dialysis tubing filled with sucrose solution and
starch solution into a beaker with IKI and water), rank the molecules present by size,
smallest to largest.

51.

In part IA of the lab, instead of placing glucose and sucrose solutions inside the bag, you
place glucose and IKI solutions outside the bag, and a starch solution inside the bag. In which direction will
each of the molecules move?

52.

In section IB of the lab, you set up a series of dialysis tubing bags, filling them with differing molarities of
sucrose solution. Explain the effect molarity had on the change in mass observed in each bag. (You set up
bags containing distilled water, .2M, .4M, .6M, .8M and 1.0M solutions, and then placed them in distilled
water.)

53.

In part IE of the lab, you placed Elodea leaves in a salt solution and the chloroplasts seemed to clump
together in the middle of the cells. Explain why this happened.

Given the following data, graph the % Change in mass against sucrose molarity on the graph on the next page.
54-55.

Graph independent and dependent variables on the appropriate axes.

56.

Title your graph.

57.

Graph accurately the information in the table.

Formulas you may need to use

(or not???)

= p + s
s = -iCRT
R = .0831 liter bar/mole
o

T = (273 + C)

Change in Mass in Apple slices

25%
15%
0%
-22%
-30%
-38%

Sucrose Molarity
Distilled water
.2 M
.4 M
.6 M
.8 M
1.0 M

58. Calculate the solute potential of the sucrose solution in which the mass of the apple does not change. Show
your work.

59.

Calculate the water potential of the solutes within the apple slices. Show your work.

60. At the local emergency room, a technician inadvertently hooks a bag of distilled water to the IV running into a
patient. What is going to happen to the patients RBCs? Explain why this will happen. (Use of terms like
hypertonic, isotonic, hypotonic, water potential, osmosis, plasmolysis, cytolysis, etc. would probably help your
score!)