A course material on

ENGINEERING METROLOGY AND MEASUREMENTS

YEAR: III
SEMESTER: V
B.E. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

By

C.S.THIRUMAVALAVAN, B.E
LECTRUER
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
BALAJI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
THANDALAM, CHENNAI-603110

CONTENTS
CHAPTER NO.

TITLE

PAGE NO.

CONCEPT OF MEASUREMENTS

1.1

General concept

1.2

Generalized measurements

1.3

Measuring instruments

1.4

Errors correction

11

1.5

Geometric tolerance-interchangeability

12

LINEAR AND ANGULAR MEASUREMENTS

2.1

Definition of metrology

13

2.2

Linear Measuring instruments

16

2.3

Tool makers microscope

19

2.4

Comparators

21

2.5

Angular measurements

24

FORM MEASUREMENTS

3.1

Measurements of screw threads

25

3.2

Thread gauges

27

3.3

Tooth thickness

28

3.4

Gleason gear testing machine

32

3.5

Surface finish

LASER AND ADVANCES IN METROLOGY

4.1

Precision instruments based on laser

33

4.2

Principle of laser interferometer

42

4.3

Machine tool metrology

47

4.4

Coordinate measuring machine

58

4.5

Computer aided inspection

72

MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL PARAMETERS

5.1

Force, torque, power-mechanical, pneumatic, electrical

74

5.2

Pressure measurement-flow measurement

79

5.3

Temperature measurements

88

5.4

Electrical resistance thermistor

94

PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTION PAPERS

96

ME 2304 ENGINEERING METROLOGY AND MEASUREMENTS

UNIT I CONCEPT OF MEASUREMENT

General concept Generalized measurement system-Units and standards-measuring
instruments: sensitivity, stability, range, accuracy and precision-static and dynamic
response-repeatability-systematic and random errors-correction, calibration - Introduction
to Dimensional and Geometric Toleranceing - interchangeability,

UNIT II LINEAR AND ANGULAR MEASUREMENT

Definition of metrology-Linear measuring instruments: Vernier, micrometer, Slip gauges
and classification, - Tool Makers Microscope - interferometery, optical flats, Comparators: limit gauges Mechanical, pneumatic and electrical comparators,
applications. Angular measurements: -Sine bar, Sine center, bevel protractor and angle
Decker..

UNIT III FORM MEASUREMENT

Measurement of screw threads: Thread gauges, floating carriage micrometermeasurement
of gear tooth thickness: constant chord and base tangent method-Gleason
gear testing machine radius measurements-surface finish: equipment and parameters,
straightness, flatness and roundness measurements.

UNIT IV LASER AND ADVANCES IN METROLOGY

Precision instruments based on laser-Principles- laser interferometer-application in
measurements and machine tool metrology- Coordinate measuring machine (CMM):
need, construction, types, applications.- computer aided inspection.

UNIT V MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL PARAMETERS

Force, torque, power:-mechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic and electrical type-Pressure
measurement - Flow: Venturi, orifice, rotameter, pitot tube Temperature: bimetallic strip,
thermocouples,
pyrometer,
electrical
resistance
thermistor
.