Beruflich Dokumente
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AC Power Analysis
Power Triangle
Reactive Power
Complex Power
Power Factor
Apparent Power
Lecture Outline
I rms =
1
T
I rms
Vm
=
2
i 2 dt general definition of rms values
V rms
average power
average power
P = 12 V m I m cos
Where, for
sinusoids
instantaneous power
p (t ) = v (t ) i (t )
i (t ) = I m cos( t )
v ( t ) = V m cos t
S = 2544 VA
= 2.544 kVA
I rms = 10.6 A
i (t ) = 15 cos( 50 t 30 )
S = Vrms I rms
Vrms = 240 V
Apparent Power
pf = cos 30 = 0.87
i (t ) = 15 cos( 50 t 30 )
P
pf = = cos
S
Power Factor
and = v i
and I m = I rms 2
but Vm = Vrms 2
Vrms
Z=
I rms
V Vm v
Z= =
I
I m i
0.77
-90o
0.94
pf
0
-40o
0o
20o
90o
1 1
1
4 j2
= +
=
Z1 4 j 2 j8
Calculate pf of load
Combining the
parallel impedances
j8 4 + j 2
Z1 =
= 0.8 + j1.6
4 j2 4 + j2
Z1
I rms
= (30)(4.29)(0.97)
=125W
Vrms
30 0
=
=
= 4.29 13 .2
Z
7 13 .2
pf = 0.97
Calculate P
where
I = I m i
V = Vm v
I* = I m i
S = VrmsI*rms
S = 12 V I *
Complex Power
S = Vrms I rms = S
S = Vrms I rms
= V rms I rms cos + jV rms I rms sin
= P + jQ
complex power (Unit: VA)
If one load has a higher pf (and thus smaller ) , it will draw less
current Irms and the reactive power, Q , is less. Smaller current
imply smaller power losses in power distribution and less
demanding performance requirement on the equipment.
S = P + jQ
Reactive Power, Q