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Experiment No.-03
Vibration Characteristics of 3 DOF system by Accelerometer
I.I.T DELHI
Experiment Report
Submitted by : Akshay Kumar
2014CES2027
EXPERIMENTAL SETUP:
The setup consists of a 3 storey frame model with shear wall (all made of Perspex). The geometric
and material properties of the model is observed and given below. In this model, it is assumed
that beams are rigid with columns supplying all the stiffness for the system and mass lumped at
story level. The frame is modeled as system with three degree of freedom.
Two accelerometers were attached to the structure, one to measure the force and the other to
measure the acceleration responses which are used to get the response of the structure. The
accelerometers are connected to the Data Acquisition System.
Force sensor
Accelerometer
Shear wall
Columns
THEORY:
Damping is inherent property. It is an effect that reduces the amplitude of oscillations in an
oscillatory system. If the physical properties of the system are such that its motion can be described by
a single coordinate and no other motion is possible, then it actually is a SDOF system and the solution of
the equation provides the exact dynamic response. On the other hand, if the structure actually has more
than one possible mode of displacement and it is reduced mathematically to a SDOF approximation by
assuming its deformed shape, the solution of the equation of motion is only an approximation of the
true dynamic behavior. This necessitates the development of dynamic models which consider multiple
degrees of freedom (MDOF).
Where; [M] and [K] denote mass and stiffness matrices written as follows:
(Here we are taking the undamped case; hence the damping matrix becomes zero.)
For finding out the natural frequencies the eigen value method is used, putting
2 = 0
The flexural stiffness is given by the expression:
=
12
3
GA
L
Where,
E - Modulus of elasticity of members
I - Moment of inertia of the section in bending direction
L-Length of member
G-Modulus of rigidity
A-Area of the section
PROCEDURE:
1. Measure the dimensions with the help of vernier calliper.
2. Accelerometer is attached to the third storey only and one force sensor is also attached
to the same storey near the vibrator.
3. These accelerometers are connected to data acquisition system, with the help of lab
view software further analysis is done.
4. Using LabView software the input signal is selected and the accelerometer is selected as
we are using accelerometer to measure the acceleration in the beam.
5. The input data is placed in the software regarding the no. of samples, sensitivity of the
instrument, rate of samples, the maximum and minimum range for the accelerometer
used and plots are obtained by changing RPM values.
6. The data is exported to the MS excel and the graph is plotted in frequency domain.
Column
Shear Wall
Width
(mm)
12.16
12.28
Depth
(mm)
19.1
75
m2 = 0.614 kg
Length
(mm)
155
155
m3 = 0.614 kg
Flexural stiffness
(x106 N/m)
0.1461
4.466
Shear stiffness
(x106 N/m)
6.863
Total stiffness in each floor = (Flexural stiffness of columns + flexural stiffness of shear wall +
Shear stiffness of shear wall)
= (0.1461 + 4.466 +6.863) x 106 N/m = 11.475 x 106 N/m
The mass matrix of the system, M =
0.484
0
0
0
0.614
0
0
0
0.614
0.484
0
0
0
0.614
0
0
0
0.614
0
11.59 11.59
0
= 11.59 23.18 11.59 106
2
0
11.59 23.18
To find the natural frequencies, solve the following characteristic equation (Eigen value
problem),
Det
Solving the above equation we get,
1 = 2052.62 rad/s ;
f1 = 325.28 Hz
2 = 5659.95 rad/s ;
f2 = 901.31 Hz
3 = 7950.08 rad/s ;
f3 = 1264.8 Hz
Forcing frequencies have been considered in the range from 30 to 110 Hz. Hence the
experiment shall be further extended near to the values of Theoretical frequencies.
Figure: Observed natural frequency calculation
12
Acceleration (mili g)
10
8
6
4
2
0
0
20
40
60
Frequency (Hz)
80
100
120
RESULTS:
1. The theoretical frequency = 322.28 Hz, 901.31 Hz, 1264.8 Hz.
2. The experimental frequency = 61 Hz for fundamental frequency/ first natural frequency.
REFERENCES:
1)
2)
Structural Dynamics: Theory and Computations, 2nd Ed, Paz, M (2004), CBS Publishers
and Distributors, New Delhi.
Dynamics of Structures by Ray W. Clough and J. Penzien, Computers & Structures Inc.,
Berkeley, USA.