TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES QUEZON CITY

Special Topics
Fluid Mechanics
A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

F.

Basic Properties of Fluids:

a. Unit weight
b. Density
c. Specific Volume
d. Specific Gravity
e. Viscosity
1. Dynamic/absolute
2. Kinematic
f. Surface Tension
1. Capillarity
2. Pressure inside a droplet of liquid
Compression of Gases
a. Boyles Law
b. Charles Law
Pressures
a. Gage pressure
b. Absolute pressure
Total Hydrostatic Pressure
a. Total Pressure on Plane Surface:

=
b. Total Pressure on Curved Surface
Relative Equilibrium of Liquids

a. Horizontal Motion: =

b.

Inclined Motion: =

c.

Vertical Motion: = ( )

Rotation:

present in the drum remains composed there in at the

submerged depth. Find the height of air inside the
drum.
Situation:
A gate 3.0m wide and 3.0m high has water on one side and is
inclined at 45 with the horizontal. Water is 1.50m above the
top of the gate.
8. Compute the pressure (force) acting on the gate and
its location from point A.
9. If the gate is hinged at the top, what force, applied
perpendicular to it, is needed at the bottom to just
open the gate?

10. In the figure shown, determine the horizontal and

vertical components of the total force acting on the
cylinder per m of its length/

11. A wooden storage vat full of oil (s.g. = 0.80) is in the

form of a frustum of a cone, 2m diameter at the top,
4m diameter at the bottom and 3m height. It is
provided with two steel hoops, one at the top and one
at the bottom. Compute the force in the bottom of the
hoop.

=
=

1. A pressure gage 6m above the bottom of the tank

containing a liquid reads 90 kPa, another gage height
4m reads 103 kPa. Determine the specific weight of
the liquid.

Situation:
A gravity dam with a trapezoidal section, as shown in the
figure, has a drain located at a distance of 15m from the toe.
The point of drainage has a pressure due to uplift of zero and
is increasing uniformly to full hydrostatic at the heel.
Upstream face is inclined 1H:10V, while downstream face is
inclined 1H:2V. Specific weight of water is 9.81kN/m3 while
that of concrete is 23.54kN/m3. Determine:
12. Location of the resultant force
13. Factor of safety against sliding
14. Factor of safety against overturning
15. Stress at the heel and toe
16. Unit horizontal sheering stress at the base

2. A two-meter square plane surface is immersed

vertically below the water surface. The immersion is
such that the two edges of the square are horizontal.
If the top of the square is 1 meter below the water
surface, what is the total water pressure exerted on
the plane surface?

3. An iceberg having specific gravity of 0.92 is floating

on salt water of sp. gr. 1.03. If the volume of ice above
the water surface is 1000 cu.m., what is the volume
of the ice?

4. A block of wood requires a force of 40 N to keep it

immersed in water and a force of 100N to keep it
immersed in glycerin (sp.gr.=13) find the weight and
sp.gr. of the wood.

5. A capillary tube is immersed vertically in water.

Knowing that water starts to evaporate below 2kPa,
determine the maximum capillary rise and tube
diameter. Assume the contact angle is 6 degrees and
surface tension is 1 N/m.

6. The open manometer shown in the figure has for its

gage liquid mercury. If the pressure at point m is
changed from 70kPa to 105kPa and the mercury level
in the sloping part moves 20cm upward to the right,
what could have been the value of ?

7. An empty drum has a height of 3m and a radius of

0.8m. The empty drum is submerged in water (with its
top 6m below the water surface), the air originally

17. A 5cm x 12cm x 6m long wooden plank is required to

stand vertically in water with its top 15cm above the
water surface. This is attained by placing a 1.0cm
thick steel plates to each wider side of the plank at
the submerged bottom. The specific weights are:
Wood = 502 kg/m3
Steel = 7870 kg/m3
Compute the exact length of steel plates needed.

18. Two spheres, both to have a diameter of 1.2m, weighs

4kN and 12kN, respectively. They are connected by a
short rope and placed in water. What is the tension in
the rope and what position will the lighter sphere
have in relation with the water surface?
Situation:
An open rectangular tank mounted on a truck is 5m long, 2m
wide and 2.5m high is filled with water to a depth of 2m.
19. What maximum horizontal acceleration can be
imposed on the tank without spilling any water?
20. Determine the accelerating force on the liquid mass.
21. If the acceleration is increased to 6m/s2, how much
water is spilled out?
Situation:
An open cylindrical tank, 3m in diameter and 5m high
contains water to a depth of 4m. It is rotated about its own
vertical axis with a constant angular speed.
22. If angular velocity is 20rpm, is there any water
spilled?

TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES QUEZON CITY

Special Topics
Fluid Mechanics
23. What maximum value of (in rpm) can be imposed
without spilling any liquid?

24. If angular velocity is 6 rad/sec, how much water is

spilled out and to what depth will the water stand
when brought to rest?
25. What value of (rpm) will just zero the depth of water
at the center of the tank?