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IRRADIATION EXPERIMENT
N.K. Das#, S. Sahoo, N. Gayathri, S. Pal, Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata
S. Ray, B. Chatterjee, Dept. Of ECE, Calcutta Institute of Engineering and Management, Kolkata
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
In the DAE Medical Cyclotron project one of the
beam lines will be used for material science
experiments. 15MeV proton gives a bulk damage
upto 0.5 mm with a flat damage profile upto 0.3 mm
(excluding peak damage region and ion stopping
range) whereas 30MeV proton gives a damage up to
1.7 mm with a flat profile upto 0.7mm. In this
unique facility actual samples of clad tubes and
reactor components can be irradiated. The damage
rate achievable with the 200 A beam is about 10 -5
displacement per second (dpa/sec). During the
irradiation experiments the sample gets heated
because of the high energy deposition (15-30MeV
beam energy, 50 micro ampere beam current) on the
sample. It is necessary to dissipate the heat of the
sample to prevent uncontrollable rise in temperature
of the specimen (typically 600 to 1000 degree
K (T )=K c
T
Tc
K (T )=K c
(1)
T
Tc
dU
dT K c
dT
=K ( T ) 2 rl
=
2 rl T
dt
dr T c
dr
(2)
If helium gas were flowed over the surface of the
target, convective heat transfer would occur. An estimate
of the convective cooling power due to an axial flow of
helium at velocity v can be obtained as follows: multiply
the energy storable in a layer of helium gas of radial
thickness r around the target by the number v/l of
volume changes per second. To complete the calculation,
we suppose that during time l/v of one volume change the
layer of thickness r takes up energy due to conduction
according to eq. (2).
The helium gas has thermal conductivity Assuming the
pressure is constant, the storable energy is given in
equation (3)
5
5
U N C P T = NR T = PV 5 r h rlP
2
2
(3)
Using CP = 5R/2 and PV = NRT. This energy is also
estimated from eq. (2) as given in equation (4).
U Kc
(4)
T
Tc
2 rh l
T T c l
r
r2 K c
(5)
T 2( T T c ) l
Tc
5P
T
dU
5
=2 r h
Pvl K c ( T T c )
dt
2
Tc
(6)
q
(s )=K
i
1
2s
s
1+
+
n
n
( )( )
(7)
Where q is the He flow-rate and i is the actuation
current.
RESULTS
We have simulated the Matlab Simulink model of
the Helium cooling system. Figure 3 shows the
dynamic response for it. Initially, the sample
remains at room temperature when the beam is off.
At the time instant when the beam is on, the sample
temperature rises up to 550K. To compensate this
temperature rise, helium flow fed to the target
increases sharply and settles at a constant level with
single oscillation. Thereby, the sample temperature
gradually comes down to 300K again. Settling time
for sample temperature is measured to be 0.6 sec.
Now, at a later time instant the set point of the sample
temperature is set to 500K. This causes a sudden dip in
helium flow rate that increases the sample temperature to
the desired set point (500K). The settling time in this case
is measured to be 0.45 sec. The helium flow rate returns
back to its original value to maintain the sample at 500K.
CONCLUSION
We have designed the heat removal system for
accelerator based irradiation experiment using Matlab
REFERENCES
[1] K.T. McDonald, Cooling of a Target by Helium
Gas (Princeton//00-25, October10, 2000)
[2] R.D. Present, Kinetic Theory of
(McGraw-Hill, New York, 1958), p.42
Gases