Aleppo

HIAST

Introduction to Systems Engineering

Section : 1

Course : Systems Engineering

COURSE

Systems Engineering
Release 1.0 (2014)
Dr. Eng. L. Alhomsi
Ms. Eng. M. Aoad

Aleppo

Introduction to Systems Engineering

HIAST

Section : 1

Course : Systems Engineering

Table of contents
Section 1 : Introduction To Systems Engineering

Systems Engineering (SE) Definition

Issues of Systems Engineering

Systems Engineering Standards

Section 2 : Key Concepts of Systems Engineering

Section 4 : Systems Engineering Process

(SEP)

Requirements Analysis

Functional Analysis

Design Synthesis

System Analysis & Control

System Concept

System Life Cycle

SE , PM and Enterprise.

Systems Engineering Process (SEP)

Breakdown structures

Plans and Schedules

Configuration Management

Interface Management

Risk Management

Data & Documents Management

Section 3 : System Life Cycle Stages

System Definition

Preliminary Design

Detailed Design

Fabrication, Assembly, Integration and

Test (FAIT)

Production/Support

Section 5 : Systems Engineering Management

Technical measures (Metrics)

Aleppo

HIAST

Introduction to Systems Engineering

Section : 1

Course : Systems Engineering

Systems Engineering (SE) Definition

Section 1 : Introduction To Systems Engineering

Systems Engineering (SE) Definition

Issues of Systems Engineering

Systems Engineering Standards

Definitions

Typical SE Definitions
Systems Perspectives

Aleppo

HIAST

Introduction to Systems Engineering

Section : 1

Course : Systems Engineering

Systems Engineering (SE) Definition

Definitions :
Engineering is the application of science
to develop, design, and produce logical and/or physical objects
such as buildings, machines, or a computer program
to fulfill a desired need or to achieve an objective.
(SMC Systems Engineering Primer & Handbook, Space & Missile Systems Center, U.S. Air Force 2005)

/ :

Engineering is the application of scientific, economic, social, and practical knowledge
in order to design, build, and maintain structures, machines, devices, systems, materials
and processes.
)Wikipedia(
:

Aleppo

HIAST

Introduction to Systems Engineering

Section : 1

Course : Systems Engineering

Systems Engineering (SE) Definition

Typical SE Definitions:
Systems Engineering : A methodical, disciplined approach
for the design, realization, technical management, operations, and retirement
of a system. (SE NASA HBK 2007).
. :

Systems Engineering : An interdisciplinary approach encompassing the entire technical effort

to evolve and verify
an integrated and life-cycle balanced set of system people, product, and process solutions
that satisfy customer needs. (EIA Standard 632)
:
.

Aleppo

HIAST

Introduction to Systems Engineering

Section : 1

Course : Systems Engineering

Systems Engineering (SE) Definition

Typical SE Definitions:

Systems Engineering : An interdisciplinary approach

to creating large, complex systems
that meet a defined set of business and technical requirements.
(Cathleen Shamieh, Systems Engineering For Dummies, 2011, Wiley Publishing, Inc)

Aleppo

HIAST

Introduction to Systems Engineering

Section : 1

Course : Systems Engineering

Systems Engineering (SE) Definition

Systems Perspectives:
Systems thinking is a way of understanding reality that emphasizes the relationships among a
system's parts, rather than the parts themselves. (Pegasus Communications)
:

Systems thinking is a holistic approach to analysis that focuses on the way that a system's
constituent parts interrelate and how systems work over time and within the context of larger
systems. (SearchCIO)
:

Systems thinking has been defined as an approach to problem solving, by viewing "problems" as
parts of an overall system, rather than reacting to specific part, outcomes or events.
(Wikipedia)

, , :

Aleppo

HIAST

Introduction to Systems Engineering

Section : 1

Course : Systems Engineering

Systems Perspectives:
Engineering Systems is an interdisciplinary academic and research devoted to addressing
large-scale, complex engineering challenges within their socio-political context.

Aleppo

HIAST

Introduction to Systems Engineering

Section : 1

Course : Systems Engineering

Systems Engineering (SE) Definition

Systems Perspectives:

Search for common

understanding and
influent factors

Consideration of
Methodologies

Concentrate on
processes

Solve problems in order

To meet requirements

Solve complex technical Concentrate on

problems
product processes

Systems engineering

Integrate policy, human

resources and technical
Issues

Solve complex
interdisciplinary
technical, social and
management issues

Engineering systems

Concentrate on
processes and
product

Systems thinking

Aleppo

HIAST

Introduction to Systems Engineering

Section : 1

Course : Systems Engineering

Systems Engineering (SE) Definition

Software Engineering:
In case of complex software products and IT systems, there are special software engineering
standards:
MIL-STD 498 (1994)
ISO/IEC 12207 (1995)
IEEE/EIA 12207 (1998)
For most projects, Software engineering is part of the SE

)(

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HIAST

Introduction to Systems Engineering

Section : 1

Course : Systems Engineering

Systems Engineering (SE) Definition

Concurrent Engineering:

Concurrent engineering definition:*

CE is a management and engineering philosophy for improving quality and reducing costs and lead
time from product conception to product development for new products and product modifications
[Creese, R. and L. Moore, "Cost Modeling for Concurrent Engineering," Cost Engineering, Vol. 1,
1990, pp. 113-124]

. :

* Susan Carlson Skalak, Implementing Concurrent Engineering in Small Companies, Copyright 2002 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved

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HIAST

Introduction to Systems Engineering

Section : 1

Course : Systems Engineering

Systems Engineering (SE) Definition

CE design process attributes:

Customer focus and involvement,

Early and continual involvement of suppliers in the design process,
Cross-functional, self-directed, empowered teams,
Incremental sharing and use of information ,
Life-cycle focus,
Systematic and integrated approach,
Concurrent (parallel) design teams,
Early use of Design for X (DFX) tools, DXF
Use of modern tools such as CAE, CAD, CAM, finite element analysis, etc.,
Continuous improvement of all processes

, ,

* Susan Carlson Skalak, Implementing Concurrent Engineering in Small Companies, Copyright 2002 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Aleppo

HIAST

Introduction to Systems Engineering

Systems Engineering (SE) Definition

Section : 1

Course : Systems Engineering

Aleppo

HIAST

Introduction to Systems Engineering

Section : 1

Course : Systems Engineering

Issues of Systems Engineering

Section 1 : Introduction To Systems

Engineering
Systems Engineering (SE) Definition
Issues of Systems Engineering

Systems Engineering Standards

SE as an Engineering Discipline
Systems Engineering as profession
Role of Systems Engineering

Owners of Systems Engineering activities

Systems Engineering Fields

Aleppo

HIAST

Introduction to Systems Engineering

Section : 1

Course : Systems Engineering

Issues of Systems Engineering

SE as an Engineering Discipline
Scientific Foundations
Applied mathematics
Qualitative modeling
Data modeling
Process modeling

Quantitative modeling

Behavioral modeling
Feedback and control
Modeling and Simulation
Trade-off modeling

Physical modeling
Prototypes for requirements
Usability testing
Prototypes for interface
resolution
Integration/qualification

Karl Arunski, P.E. & Others Systems Engineering Discipline, International Council On Systems Engineering, Presented
at WMA Chapter Meeting 2/8/00

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HIAST

Introduction to Systems Engineering

Section : 1

Course : Systems Engineering

Issues of Systems Engineering

SE as an Engineering Discipline
Body of Knowledge
Problem definition

Concept of operations
System boundaries
Objectives hierarchy
Originating requirements
Concurrent engineering
System life cycle phases
Integration/Qualification

Architectures
Functional/Logical
Physical/Operational
Interface

Trades
Concept-level
Risk management
Key performance parameters

Others
Planning and scheduling
Quality
Human resources

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HIAST

Introduction to Systems Engineering

Section : 1

Course : Systems Engineering

Issues of Systems Engineering

Systems Engineering as profession:

The recognized need for systems engineering in industry and government has spurred the
establishment of a number of academic programs offering masters degrees and doctoral degrees in
systems engineering. An increasing number of universities are offering undergraduate degrees in
systems engineering as well.*


The recognition of systems engineering as a profession has led to the formation of a professional
society, the International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE), one of whose primary
objectives is the promotion of systems engineering, and the recognition of systems engineering as a
professional career. *
) (

* SYSTEMS ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES A.Kossiakof & Others 2ed

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HIAST

Introduction to Systems Engineering

Section : 1

Course : Systems Engineering

Issues of Systems Engineering

Role of Systems Engineering:

Development of system solutions by a disciplined process focusing on What to do for
success, not How to do.
Simultaneous (Synchronous) product and process development.
A common basis for communication among Teamworks, Stakeholders and Developers.
A comprehensive (total) system perspective.
Develop a total system design balanced solution with cost, schedule, performance, and risk
Generate and track technical information needed for decision making
Verify technical solutions to satisfy customer requirements
Applied throughout life cycle

Aleppo

HIAST

Introduction to Systems Engineering

Section : 1

Course : Systems Engineering

Issues of Systems Engineering

Owners of Systems Engineering activities :

Owner
Requirements Owner
System Designer
System Analyst
Validation and Verification Engineer
Logistics and Operations Engineer
Glue Among Subsystems owner

Customer Interface owner

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Technical Manager

Information Manager

Process Engineer
Coordinator
System programmer

.No

S.A. Sheard TWELVE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING ROLES, 1996 INCOSE Symposium. INCOSE 1-800-366-1164

10
11
12

Aleppo

HIAST

Introduction to Systems Engineering

Section : 1

Course : Systems Engineering

Issues of Systems Engineering

Owners of Systems Engineering activities :

Description

Owner

.No

Requirements Owner

System Designer

System Analyst

Verification and
Validation Engineer

Requirements Manager, Allocator, Maintainer

Specifications Writer or Owner ;
Developer of Functional Architecture
Developer of System and Subsystem Requirements From Customer Needs

Owner of System Product

Chief Engineer
System Architect
Developer of Design Architecture
Specialty Design Engineer
Keepers of the Holy Vision [Boehm 94]

Performance Modeler
Keeper of Technical Budgets
System Modeler and Simulator
Risk Modeler
Specialty Engineer

VV Engineer
Test Engineer
Test Planner
Owner of System Test Program

S.A. Sheard TWELVE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING ROLES, 1996 INCOSE Symposium. INCOSE 1-800-366-1164

Aleppo

HIAST

Introduction to Systems Engineering

Section : 1

Course : Systems Engineering

Issues of Systems Engineering

Owners of Systems Engineering activities :

Owner

Logistics, Operations, Maintenance, and Disposal Engineer

Developer of Users Manuals and Operator Training Materials

Logistics and
Operations Engineer

Glue Among
Subsystems

Customer Advocate
Customer Surrogate
Customer Contact

Customer Interface

Planner, Scheduler, and Tracker of Technical Tasks

Owner of Risk Management Plan
Product Manager
Product Engineer

Technical Manager

.No

Description

Seeker of Issues That Fall in the Cracks

System Integrator
Owner of Internal Interfaces
Risk Identifier
Technical Conscience of the Program [Fisher 92]

S.A. Sheard TWELVE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING ROLES, 1996 INCOSE Symposium. INCOSE 1-800-366-1164

Aleppo

HIAST

Introduction to Systems Engineering

Section : 1

Course : Systems Engineering

Issues of Systems Engineering

Owners of Systems Engineering activities :

.No

Description

Owner

Configuration Management
Data Management
Process Metrics (earned cost, waste, # of engineering changes, % of drawings
completed, % of lines codes completed, % of rework, idle time, (

Information Manager

Business Process Reengineer

Business Analyst
Owner of the Systems Engineering Process

Process Engineer

10

Coordinator of the Disciplines

Head of Integrated Product Teams (IPTs)
System Issue Resolver

Coordinator

11

Database developers
Software and network programmers
Modeling languages programmers

System programmer

12

S.A. Sheard TWELVE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING ROLES, 1996 INCOSE Symposium. INCOSE 1-800-366-1164

Aleppo

HIAST

Introduction to Systems Engineering

Issues of Systems Engineering

Systems engineer vs. Specialized engineer:

Section : 1

Course : Systems Engineering

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HIAST

Introduction to Systems Engineering

Course : Systems Engineering

Section : 1

Systems Engineering Standards

Section 1 : Introduction To Systems Engineering

Systems Engineering (SE) Definition

Issues of Systems Engineering

Systems Engineering Standards

Definitions
Most known Engineering Standards
Owners of Systems Engineering activities
SE Application Recommendations

Aleppo

HIAST

Introduction to Systems Engineering

Section : 1

Course : Systems Engineering

Systems Engineering Standards

Definitions : :
Standard : A document that establishes engineering and technical requirements for
processes, procedures, practices, and methods that have been adopted as standard.
[FAA (Federal Aviation Administration), 2006, SEM 4.3]

: ( )( )

Standard : A document that establishes engineering and technical requirements for
products, processes, procedures, practices, and methods that have been decreed by
authority or adopted by consensus.
[Naval Air Systems Command, SE Guide, 2003]

Aleppo

HIAST

Introduction to Systems Engineering

Section : 1

Course : Systems Engineering

Systems Engineering Standards

Most known Engineering Standards:

Standard

Year

MIL-STD-499A

1974

DOD (Department Of Defense) Systems Engineering

MIL-STD-499B

1992

DOD (Department Of Defense) Systems Engineering

EIA/IS 632

1994

Interim Standard and a commercialized version of MIL-STD-499B

( )

Supersedes MIL-STD-499A(1974)

The Systems Engineering Capability Assessment Model

SECM
(EIA/IS 731)

1996

EIA-632

1999

DoD 5000.2-R

Description

2002

by INCOSE (International Council on Systems Engineering), Superseded by

CMMI

Processes for Engineering a System

Developed by EIA (Electronic Industries Alliance) and INCOSE , with accordance with ANSI
(American National Standards Institute)

Mandatory Procedures for Major Defense Acquisition Programs

(MDAPs) and Major Automated Information System (MAIS)
Acquisition Programs, April 5, 2002

DoDD 5000.01

2003 DoD Directive The Defense Acquisition System, May, 2003

DoDI 5000.02

2008

DoD Instruction Operation of the Defense Acquisition System ,

December, 2008

Aleppo

HIAST

Introduction to Systems Engineering

Section : 1

Course : Systems Engineering

Systems Engineering Standards

Most known Engineering Standards:

Standard

Year

Description
Systems Engineering Fundamentals,

DSMC/DAU SE

2001

MIL-STD-499C

2005

DOD Draft Systems Engineering Standard

Application and Management of the Systems Engineering Process

IEEE-1220

2005

By IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) and collaboration with ISO ,
INCOSE and IEC. It explains use of IEEE Std 1220 with ISO/IEC 15288(2002)

Def Stan 21-59

Issue 2

2006

NASA SE HBK

2007

ISO/IEC
15288:2008

2008

Defense Systems Management College, Defense Acquisition University

Systems Engineering Guide for Naval Combat Systems

NASA Systems Engineering Handbook

It is a guidance and information on systems engineering that will be useful to the NASA
community

The ISO standard for Systems and software engineering

System life cycle processes.
By ISO and IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) and IEEE

CMMI V1.3

2010

INCOSE V3.2.2

2011

Capability Maturity Model Integration SM (CMMI)

Government/industry consortium with SEI(Software Engineering Institute of Carnegie Mellon
University)

INCOSE Systems Engineering Handbook, a guide for system life cycle

processes and activities, v. 3.2.2

Aleppo

HIAST

Introduction to Systems Engineering

Section : 1

Systems Engineering Standards

Most known Engineering Standards:

Course : Systems Engineering

Aleppo

HIAST

Introduction to Systems Engineering

Section : 1

Course : Systems Engineering

Systems Engineering Standards

Most known Engineering Standards:

Level of Detail

IEEE 1220

EIA 632

ISO/IEC 15288

Technical

Project

Agreement

Enterprise

John O. Clark Systems Engineering and Software Engineering Processes, Products, and People from a Standards Perspective
Systems and Software Technology Conference 2007

Breadth of Scope

Aleppo

HIAST

Introduction to Systems Engineering

Section : 1

Course : Systems Engineering

Systems Engineering Standards

SE Application Recommendations:
Establish your own literature library of SE (eBooks, articles, known standards, handbooks,
guidelines, templates) in form of digital files and paper printed.
Focus on 3 to 5 most known standards and read them in order to understand and perform
comparisons (differences and similarities).
Select the most suitable standard as reference standard for your projects.
Prepare your own draft standard based on tailoring the above mentioned standards.
Prepare your own templates (SEMP, IMP, IMS, RiskP, Technical reviews Requirements definition
doc., .).
Apply your draft standard on a pilot project.
Refine your draft standard and templates.
Map to and from the known standards
Consult SE specialists
) (
( ) 5-3


( )

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Lecture : 1.3

HIAST

Introduction to Systems Engineering

Systems Engineering Standards

Section : 1

Course : Systems Engineering