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whose job it is to search, augment, and eventually eliminate the cause or causes of whatever
is producing the defect by using the DMAIC system.
DMADV Project Methodology
DMADV is an acronym for:
Defining goals designed to fulfill customer demands
Measuring and identifying characteristic CTQ's (critical to quality)
Analyzing data to create and design alternatives
Design and optimize details (this may need simulations)
Verifying and implementing the process of an error-free production
In contrast to DMAIC, this methodology is predominantly applied to inventing new
products or process procedures and may not work well on an established product or process.
However, someone not trained in Six Sigma may have trouble understanding the difference
between DMAIC and DMADV methodology, and this is where a certified expert would
need to direct the implementation of either strategy.
Other Quality Management Tools
Many of the quality management devices utilized by Six Sigma methodology are also
employed in other analytic processes outside this specific quality improvment methodology.
Some of these more commonly used tools include:
Cost-benefit analysis
TRIZ
Histograms
ANOVA
Ishikawa diagrams
Regression analysis
The majority of these tools are statistical in nature, and are meant to quantitatively illustrate
the level of performance that a process is currently attaining. 6 Sigma is said to be
achieved when the process does not generate in excess of "3.4 defects per million
opportunities". Within this specific statistical terminology, a defect is anything that does not
conform to customer satisfaction. An opportunity is the sum of chances a defect may
contain.
Overall, Six Sigma is a very detailed and specific methodology requiring knowledge of
statistical significance and diagnostic implementation of accrued data. In this way, defective
processes are transformed and errors are potentially prevented before they occur.
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1. Check sheet
The check sheet is a form (document) used to collect data
in real time at the location where the data is generated.
The data it captures can be quantitative or qualitative.
When the information is quantitative, the check sheet is
sometimes called a tally sheet.
The defining characteristic of a check sheet is that data
are recorded by making marks ("checks") on it. A typical
check sheet is divided into regions, and marks made in
different regions have different significance. Data are
read by observing the location and number of marks on
the sheet.
Check sheets typically employ a heading that answers the
Five Ws:
2. Control chart
3. Pareto chart
5.Ishikawa diagram
Ishikawa diagrams (also called fishbone diagrams,
herringbone diagrams, cause-and-effect diagrams, or
Fishikawa) are causal diagrams created by Kaoru
Ishikawa (1968) that show the causes of a specific event.
[1][2] Common uses of the Ishikawa diagram are product
design and quality defect prevention, to identify potential
factors causing an overall effect. Each cause or reason for
imperfection is a source of variation. Causes are usually
grouped into major categories to identify these sources of
variation. The categories typically include
People: Anyone involved with the process
Methods: How the process is performed and the
specific requirements for doing it, such as policies,
procedures, rules, regulations and laws
Machines: Any equipment, computers, tools, etc.
required to accomplish the job
Materials: Raw materials, parts, pens, paper, etc.
used to produce the final product
Measurements: Data generated from the process
that are used to evaluate its quality
Environment: The conditions, such as location,
time, temperature, and culture in which the process
operates
6. Histogram method