DEFINITIONS

PWHT means POST WELD HEAT TREATMENT This is done to remove residual stress left in the joint
which may cause brittle fracture

Strength: Strengthisdefinedas,theabilityofamaterialtowithstandanappliedload.
Ductility:Ductilityisatermwhichrelatestotheabilityofamaterialtodeform,orstretch,under
load
withoutfailing.

Hardness:Hardnessistheabilityofametaltoresistpenetrationorindentation.
Toughness:Toughnessistheabilityofamaterialtoabsorbenergy.
FATIGUESTRENGTH
Therelativeabilityofametaltowithstandcyclicloading,asinstressreversal
HAZ
HEATAFFECTEDZONE;themetaladjacenttoaweldthatdoesnotmeltbutisaffectedbythe
heat
ofwelding.
NORMALIZING
Aheattreatmentwherebysteelisheatedintotheausteniterangeandcooledinstillair
QUENCHING
Inheattreatment,veryrapidcoolingfromelevatedtemperatures.
TEMPERING
Aheattreatmentwhichreducesthestrengthandhardnessofasquenchedsteelsandrestoresductility
&toughness
DEFECT
Adiscontinuitywhichexceedsthepermissiblelimitofacode;arejectablediscontinuityrequiring
repairorreplacement
DISCONTINUITY
Anyirregularityinthenormalpatternofamaterial;anyinterruptionoftheuniformnatureofanitem.
DCEN
Directcurrent,electrodenegative.Referredtoasstraightpolarity
DCEP
Directcurrent,electrodepositive.Referredtoasreversepolarity.

CODE
Abodyoflaws,asofanation,city,etc.,arrangedsystematicallyforeasyreference.
ESSENTIALVARIABLES(Procedure)
A change in a welding condition which will affect the mechanical properties (other than notch
toughness) of the weldment (e.g., change in P-Number, welding process, filler
metal,
electrode, preheat or postweld heat treatment).
ESSENTIALVARIABLES (Performance)
A change in a welding condition which will affect the ability of a welder to
deposit sound weld
metal (such as a change in welding process, deletion of backing, electrode, FNumber,
technique,etc.).
SUPPLEMENTARY ESSENTIAL VARIABLES
Supplementary essential variables are required for metals for which other
Sections specify
notch-toughness tests and are in addition to the essential variables for each
welding process.
NONESSENTIAL VARIABLES
Nonessential variables are those in which a change, as described in the
specific variables,
may be made in the WPS without requalification.

WELDING
A joining process that produces coalescence of materials by heating them to the welding temperature,
with or without the application of pressure or by the application of pressure alone, and with or without the use of
filler metal.
WELDABILITY
The capacity of material to be welded under the imposed fabrication conditions into a specific,
suitably designed structure and to perform satisfactorily in the intended service.
PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION RECORD (PQR).
A record of welding variables used to produce an acceptable test weldment and the results of tests
conducted on the weldment to qualify a welding procedure specification.
(or)
Procedure Qualification Record (PQR). A PQR is a record of the welding data used to weld a test
coupon.
The PQR is a record of variables recorded during the welding of the test coupons. It also
contains the test results
of the tested specimens.

WELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION (WPS).

A document providing the required welding variables for a specific application to assure
repeatability by properly trained welders and welding operators.
(or)
A WPS is a written qualified welding procedure prepared to provide direction for making
production welds to Code requirements.