MODUL 3

METHOD ENGINEERING AND

WORK MEASUREMENT

WORK SAMPLING

WRITTEN BY :
-

Dr. Ir. Sri Gunani Partiwi, MT.

Ir. Sritomo Wignjosoebroto, MSc
Arief Rahman, ST., M.Sc
Anny Maryani, ST., MT.
Team of Ergonomics and Perancangan Sistem Kerja
Laboratory Assistant

ERGONOMIC AND WORK DESIGN LABORATORY

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER
ODD SEMESTER-2014/2015

MODUL 3 TTC&PK : WORK SAMPLING

Practice Time : adapted to the academic calendar
1. OBJECTIVE
a. Discussed with lecture (Mrs. Anny).
2. LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT
a. Discussed with lecture (Mrs. Anny).
3. IMPLEMENTATION STAGES
a. Concept of Work Sampling
Practicants are expected to read references about work sampling in
accordance with the recommended reference list.
b. Basic Competences Measurement (pre-test)
Pre-test done early before doing the practical work. The purpose of
the test is performed in order to pre-praktikan get the picture would do
practical work, including a theory used in praticum.
c. Briefing practical implementation
Brefing implementation is done at the beginning to facilitate the
practitioner in doing practical work. When briefing will explain the
procedures for lab work, procedures, and how to prepare a lab report.
d. Distribution of observed objects for each group
Observed objects for data retrieval work sampling is different in
each group. With the practitioner is expected to know the implementation
of work measurement work sampling widely.
e. Data retrieval of work sampling
Phase of data collection was divided into two phases, namely pre
work sampling and work sampling. Pre work sampling was conducted to
determine the initial conditions of the observed objects and know a lot of
data that is needed to work sampling.
f.

Testing Data
Once the data is is Obtained, test the adequacy of the data is as
verification that the data is taken already describe the real condition of the
object of observation. If the data is has been stated enough, it can be
calculated pro

g. The collection of practical implementation reports

Practice report in accordance with the outline contained in Module 1
Method Time Measurementi. In making the statement, the practitioner is
required to do assistance with the assistant WHO had been of toll at the
beginning of at least 1x module practical assistance to call now. Reports
must be in acc advance by an assistant before being collected. Collected
reports in the format and time agreed during a briefing lab, in case of
MODUL 3 TTC&PK : WORK SAMPLING

ERGONOMIC AND WORK DESIGN LABORATORY

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER
ODD SEMESTER-2014/2015

delays and violations will be given sanctions in accordance with the

agreement during a briefing practicum.
h. Learning achievements evaluation (post test)
Post Test conducted after a report in acc by assistant. The purpose
of the post test is to measure the individual practitioner understanding
after doing lab work and make a report. Post-test will be carried out by the
group by their respective assistants.

4. OBJECT REFERENCES
a. Work Sampling
Measurement of working time is essentially focused on how a job
will be completed. By applying the principles and techniques setting the
optimal way of working arrangements in the labor system, it will obtain
alternative working methods are considered to provide the most efficient
results. In short, the work is the determination method pengukutan
balance between human activities that contribute to the unit of output
produced. (Wignjosoebroto, 2006). In general, work measurement can be
divided into two methods of measurement of working time directly and
indirectly. One example is the measurement of direct labor time work
sampling. Work sampling is a technique to hold a large number of
observations on the activity of the working of the machine, process, or
workers, or in other words, work sampling is sampling a person's activity
or machine states to determine the percentage of time worked or time
does not work. Work sampling is usually applied to many types of jobs with
service jobs are varied, non-repetitive activities, and activities with long
cycles.
Measurement of work with work sampling method has several
advantages, among others, is the time it takes to do a little sampling, the
method is easy to do, calculations and observations are needed little, and
can be performed to observe several jobs at once. However, on the other
hand this method has low accuracy than other methods such as the MTM
or stopwatch time study. Difference method stopwatch time study with
work sampling is the method does not work sampling observers continued
to be at work, but only at certain times which have been determined
randomly.
Broadly speaking, the work sampling method can be used for several things, the
first is to measure the ratio of the delay of a number of machines, employees,
operators, or other work facilities. An example is to determine the percentage of
hours or days in which the machine or person actually engaged in work
activities, and the percentage in which there is absolutely no activity undertaken
(idle). The second is to set the performance level of a person during his time
based on the time-period in which the person is working or not working primarily
for manual labor jobs. The third is to determine the standard time for a process
or operation that can work as well as other work carried out by measurement
MODUL 3 TTC&PK : WORK SAMPLING

ERGONOMIC AND WORK DESIGN LABORATORY

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER
ODD SEMESTER-2014/2015

(Wignjosoebroto, 2006). In the industrial world, work sampling can be used to

perform work on the measurement of jobs such as garage workers, cashiers,
cooks, as well as the administrative services.
b. The procedure of random observation time
Here are the steps to do random observation time. Random
observation time is done with software Ms. Excel with the following steps:
1.
COLUMN A
Formula = the number of seconds of observation x rand ()
For example: observations carried out for 2 hours, then column A =
7200 * rand ().
Then dragged down to 100 data.
2.
COLUMN B
Column A is copied paste special value to column B (with the
aim that the random value is not changed).
3.
COLUMN C
Column B is converted in accordance with the start of the
observation hours.
waktu mulai pengama tan
angka random kolom B

24 jam

jumlah det ik per hari

Rumus

Example : observations were made starting at 15.00 then column C

15
3680,095

=
24
86400

4.

For a different time each day observations taken with the aim to
maximize the randomization and that performance can be seen
from the operator in accordance with the truthfulness / unaffected.
COLUMN D
Column C is copied paste special value then the cell format
changed to time. Then-sort the data from A to Z (note: if the sort
warning appears, select one).
Column D is copied to obsheet Work Sheet.

c. Test the adequacy of the data

Adequacy test is calculated from the total data. Here's a formula to
test the adequacy of the data:

In which :

k =
p =
s =
N =

level of confidence
probability value of working elements to day-n
level of error
number of observations that must be done

MODUL 3 TTC&PK : WORK SAMPLING

ERGONOMIC AND WORK DESIGN LABORATORY

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER
ODD SEMESTER-2014/2015

d. The calculation of the required data for further observation

The amount of data required for further observation can be
calculated using the following formula:

Example :

Data for work sampling 1

Data for work sampling 2

e. Test accuracy work sampling

Test accuracy of work sampling can be calculated with the following
formula:

In which :

f.

k =
p =
s =
N =

p (1 p)
N

level of confidence
probability value of working elements to day-n
level of error
number of observations that must be done

Productivity ratio calculation

The calculation of productivity ratio can be calculated with the
following formula:
Determination % Average Idle Operators

Determination % Average working operator

g. Determination of the performance rating

Factor determining the rating was conducted by Westinghouse. This
method uses the operator assessment based on four factors are
considered to determine the reasonableness or irregularities in the work
that is skill, effort, condition, and consistency. For assessment can see in
the table Westinghouse.
Tabel Westinghouse

MODUL 3 TTC&PK : WORK SAMPLING

ERGONOMIC AND WORK DESIGN LABORATORY

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER
ODD SEMESTER-2014/2015

Ratings given by consideration of how the conditions of observation

operator. If operators are experts in their job then the operator excellent
skills and the rating given is +0.15, and so on. The same consideration
and evaluation carried out on three other factors the table based
Westinghouse. Here is an example of performance appraisal rating.
Table Example of Performace Rating Westinghouse

h. Determination Allowance
Determination of the allowance is done by summing the values of
fatigue and personal time when the observation (in percentage). Here is
the formula for determining the allowance:

i.

Calculation Standard Time Operator observed objects

MODUL 3 TTC&PK : WORK SAMPLING

ERGONOMIC AND WORK DESIGN LABORATORY

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER
ODD SEMESTER-2014/2015

The calculation of the standard time of observation operator can be

calculated using the following formula:
Waktu Baku =
Specification:
Total Time (jam)
Working time (%)
Performance rating
Allowance (%)
Total output

= total observed time

= percentage amount of working time in accordance
with the results of work sampling
= wear performance of existing ratings in section 3.4
= use existing allowance in Section 3.5
= the number of consumers or the amount of work
performed during the observation (according to
observed objects)

5. REFERENCE
Reference used is the book entitled "Ergonomis: Studi Gerak dan
Waktu" written by Sritomo Wignjoesoeboto.
6. LABORATORY EQUIPMENT AND PROCEDURES OF USE
The tools below is a tool used for data retrieval work samplin
1. The stopwatch or a digital clock that shows the accuracy of the time
to seconds. Stopwatch or digital clock is used as a marker of time
for sampling after sampling is determined at any time.
2. Worksheet Operations. Each element of the work that has been
observed is then written in Worksheet Operations in the form of
tally.
3. Stationery. Stationery used to record observations in Worksheet
Operations.
4. The digital camera. Digital cameras are used to capture the current
documentation praktikan doing practicum.
7. LABORATORY REPORT WORK SAMPLING
Here is a report format Practicum 3 Work Sampling Module.

BAB I
PENGOLAHAN DATA
(narasi)
Pre work sampling
Jelaskan tujuan dilakukannya work sampling dan kebutuhan pre
work sampling
Tata Cara Random Waktu Pengamatan
Dilakukan dengan software Ms. Excel dengan langkah-langkah sebagai
berikut :
5.
KOLOM A.
MODUL 3 TTC&PK : WORK SAMPLING

ERGONOMIC AND WORK DESIGN LABORATORY

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER
ODD SEMESTER-2014/2015

6.

7.

Rumus = jumlah detik pengamatan x rand()

Misal : pengamatan dilakukan selama 2 jam, maka kolom A =
7200*rand().
Kemudian didrag ke bawah hingga 100 data.
KOLOM B.
Kolom A dicopy paste special value ke kolom B (dengan
tujuan agar nilai random tidak berubah).
KOLOM C.
Kolom B dikonversi sesuai dengan jam dimulainya pengamatan.
waktu mulai pengama tan
angka random kolom B

24
jam

jumlah det ik per hari

Rumus

Misal : pengamatan dilakukan mulai pukul 15.00 maka kolom C =

15
3680,095

24
86400

8.

Ingat !
Untuk waktu pengamatan diambil berbeda tiap harinya dengan
tujuan untuk
memaksimalkan
randomisasi
serta agar
performance dari operator dapat terlihat sesuai dengan
keadaan yg sebenarnya / tidak dibuat-buat.
KOLOM D.
Kolom C dicopy paste special value lalu format cell diganti
menjadi time. Kemudian data disort dari A ke Z (note : jika muncul
sort warning, pilih salah satu).
KOLOM D dicopy ke obsheet Work Sheet.

Hasil rekap Pre Work Sampling

Keterangan :
Total per elemen

= jumlah working atau not working dari pegawai

MODUL 3 TTC&PK : WORK SAMPLING

ERGONOMIC AND WORK DESIGN LABORATORY

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER
ODD SEMESTER-2014/2015

Probabilitas
= total per elemen dibagi dengan total working dan
not working (dalam desimal bukan prosentase)

Perhitungan Jumlah Sampel yang Dibutuhkan

Dihitung dengan menggunakan rumus sebagai berikut :

Keterangan :
a. N adalah jumlah pengamatan yg harus dilakukan.
b. p yang digunakan adalah probabilitas dari elemen working (%
working).
c. Tingkat kepercayaan adalah 90% , maka k = lihat nilai z pada tabel
distribusi normal (1,28)
d. Tingkat eror adalah 10%, maka S = 0.1
e. Tingkat kepercayaan 90% dan tingkat eror 10% berarti 90 dari 100
data akan memiliki penyimpangan tidak lebih dari 10%.
Untuk mencari jumlah data (pengamatan) yang harus dilakukan pada
hari berikutnya adalah dengan rumus :
Contoh :
Data yang dibutuhkan untuk work sampling 1 =
Data yang dibutuhkan untuk work sampling 2 =

Dst....
Work Sampling
Rekap data work sampling
Rekapan Operator
Hari pertama:

MODUL 3 TTC&PK : WORK SAMPLING

ERGONOMIC AND WORK DESIGN LABORATORY

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER
ODD SEMESTER-2014/2015

Hari kedua dst sampai hari keempat

Uji Kecukupan Data
Uji kecukupan dihitung dari data total.
Misal: Uji kecukupan data pada hari kedua mengikutsertakan data hari
pertama dan pre Work Sampling) dengan p adalah nilai p elemen working
sampai hari ke n.
Dihitung dengan menggunakan rumus sebagai berikut :

Uji kecukupan data operator

Contoh:

Uji kecukupan data hari pertama

Uji kecukupan data hari pertama mengikutsertakan data work
sampling hari pertama dan data pre work sampling dengan p adalah
nilai p elemen working data sampai hari pertama. Berdasarkan
rekap data diperoleh:

Tabel x.x Rekap Data Working-Not Working untuk Hari Pertama

Not
Pengamatan
Working
operat amata
Working
or
n
Pre Work Sampling
50
150
200
100
Work Sampling Hari
1
1048
2470
3518
1759

q = 1 p = 1 - 0,40027 = 0,59973
Z = 1,28
S = 0,1
MODUL 3 TTC&PK : WORK SAMPLING

ERGONOMIC AND WORK DESIGN LABORATORY

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER
ODD SEMESTER-2014/2015

Dari perhitungan tersebut, dapat direkap dalam tabel sebagai

berikut:
Tabel x.x Rekap Hasil Uji Kecukupan Data untuk Hari Pertama
Pengamatan
N
N
Keterangan
Pre Work Sampling

200

7000

Work Sampling Hari

1

3518

7208,829

N<N sehingga data tidak

cukup
N<N sehingga data tidak
cukup

Jadi untuk pengamatan yang telah dilakukan pada hari pertama,

ternyata jumlah pengamatannya belum mencukupi kecukupan data
sehingga perlu dilakukan pengamatan pada hari kedua.

Dst sampai kali ke empat

Uji ketelitian work sampling

Dihitung dengan menggunakan rumus sebagai berikut :
s

p (1 p)
N

Keterangan :
k = tingkat kepercayaan 90% , silahkan diliat nilainya di tabel
distribusi normal.
p = nilai probabilitas elemen working di pengamatan terakhir,
dimana jumlah pengamatan telah memenuhi kecukupan
data.
N = jumlah data pengamatan yang telah diambil
Note : Jika pengamatan Work Sampling teliti, maka hasil (nilai) dari uji
ketelitian pada perhitungan sub bab 3.2.3 akan sama atau mendekati
dengan nilai tingkat error yang ditetapkan pada pre Work Sampling.
Ratio Produktivitas Objek Amatan
Penentuan % Average Idle Operator
Dihitung dengan menggunakan rumus sebagai berikut :

MODUL 3 TTC&PK : WORK SAMPLING

10

ERGONOMIC AND WORK DESIGN LABORATORY

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER
ODD SEMESTER-2014/2015

Penentuan % Average working operator

Dihitung dengan menggunakan rumus sebagai berikut :

Grafik Rasio Produktivitas opeator

2.
BAB II
ANALISIS DAN INTERPRETASI DATA
(narasi)
Analisis Pre Work Sampling, work sampling dan kecukupan data
Melakukan analisis mengenai pre work sampling dan work sampling yang
dilakukan (jumlah data yang diambil dan waktu pengamatan), jumlah
prosentase working dan not working saat pre work sampling, jumlah sampel
yang dibutuhkan untuk work sampling, dan perbedaan nilai ketelitian pada
pre work sampling dan work sampling.
Analisis Rasio Produktivitas Operator
Melakukan analisis Rasio Produktivitas dari operator objek amatan,
prosentase operator working dan no working, serta hal yang menjadi
penyebab dari tingginya prosentase operator not working
Rekomendasi Perbaikan
Menyampaikan rekomendasi perbaikan yang diberikan pada objek amatan
dan memberikan analisis berupa alasan memilih rekomendasi perbaikan
terhadap objek amatan tersebut.

MODUL 3 TTC&PK : WORK SAMPLING

11

ERGONOMIC AND WORK DESIGN LABORATORY

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER
ODD SEMESTER-2014/2015

3.
BAB III
KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
(narasi)
Simpulan
Dilakukan penarikan kesimpulan terhadap hasil analisis dan interpretasi
data. Hal-hal yang terkandung didalam kesimpulan harus menjawab tujuan
praktikum.
Saran
Penyampaian saran yang diberikan praktikan terhadap pelaksanaan
praktikum modul Work Sampling
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
(HARVARD SYSTEM)
LAMPIRAN
Memberikan lampiran berupa gambar lokasi objek pengamatan dan line
yang digunakan untuk pengambilan data.
8. DISTRIBUTION OF OBSERVED OBJECTS
Observed objects used are filling station operator and operator of
nitrogen gas filling contained in Surabaya.

MODUL 3 TTC&PK : WORK SAMPLING

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