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Slide 1
What Is VoIP?
Initially, PC to PC
voice calls over the
Internet
Public Switched
Telephone Network
PSTN
(NY)
Gateway
Multimedia
PC
Gateway
IP Network
Multimedia
PC
PSTN
(DC)
or phones to reach
phones
LTS
Telcordia Technologies, Inc.
Slide 2
Outline
y Why Voice over IP?
y Packet voice transport
y Signaling and control architectures
y Network applications
y Outlook and challenges
LTS
Telcordia Technologies, Inc.
Slide 3
Origins of VoIP
Lessons learned
LTS
Telcordia Technologies, Inc.
Slide 4
Circuit-Switched Telephony
Traditional PSTN Approach
SCP
Class 5
Switch
Class 4
Switch
Circuit-based Trunks
Class 5
Switch
Media stream
Slide 5
VoIP
y Expansion of competition
LTS
Telcordia Technologies, Inc.
Slide 6
LTS
Telcordia Technologies, Inc.
Slide 7
H.323 Architecture
ITU-T
H.323 Gatekeeper
PSTN
H.323
Terminal
H.323 Zone
3 stages of signaling:
RAS to Gatekeeper
H.225 call signaling
H.245 media stream control
(can be simplified for VoIP)
H.323
Gateway
H.323
Multipoint Control Unit
Slide 8
LTS
Telcordia Technologies, Inc.
Slide 9
telcordia.com
DNS
Location
server
INVITE
Proxy
INVITE
peter@telcordia.com
Ringing
200 OK
Proxy
ACK
INVITE
Ringing
200 OK
Media Streams
Linda
Peter
Slide 10
LTS
y Example: SIP Proxy runs a script for each incoming call for Peter
Parallel forking: forward INVITE to multiple endpoints simultaneously
Sequential forking: try his office PC first, then lab, then cell phone,
LTS
Telcordia Technologies, Inc.
Slide 11
telcordia.com
Presence
server
Proxy
SUBSCRIBE
NOTIFY
NOTIFY
SUBSCRIBE
peter@telcordia.com
Proxy
Update
Presence
Linda
Peter
Slide 12
LTS
NGN Architecture
Next-Generation Network
y Oriented towards application of VoIP (or VoATM) to large-scale
public networks
y Focus on scalability, network control, support for traditional
phones, sophisticated gateway (GW) to the PSTN and its services
y Media GW interfaces voice stream to PSTN trunk or phone line
y Signaling GW allows signaling directly to SS7 network
y Softswitch controls Media GWs and does call processing
Allows smaller, cheaper Media GWs (e.g., for individual homes)
Control via MGCP (Media Gateway Control Protocol) or H.248
LTS
Telcordia Technologies, Inc.
Slide 13
NGN Example
NGN
PSTN
Softswitch
SCP
IP Phones,
PCs
SIP
/
3
2
CP
G
M
Customer
Gateway
DSL or
PacketCable
Access
P,
TC
AP
CP
MG
H3
I SU
SS7
Gateway
Core Packet
Network
Voice Streams
SS7
Signaling
Network
Trunk
Gateway
Class 5
Switch
Slide 14
160
International VoIP
140
3.7
120
1.7
0.15
100
80
6.2
International PSTN
0.008
60
40
20
0
1997
1998
1999
Year
2000
2001
Slide 15
LTS
LTS
Telcordia Technologies, Inc.
Slide 16
Enterprise VoIP
Location B
Location A
PSTN
Centrex
or PBX
Core IP
Network
GW
GW
IP PBX
Softswitch
IP
phone
IP
phone
Slide 17
LTS
Telcordia Technologies, Inc.
Slide 18
Peer-to-Peer VoIP
PC-to-PC
LTS
Telcordia Technologies, Inc.
Slide 19
LTS
Telcordia Technologies, Inc.
Slide 20
Continuing Challenges
y Quality of Service
Diffserv, MPLS, traffic engineering, bandwidth brokers, call admission
What is really needed for consolidated voice and data networks?
y Security, reliability
y Extending SIP to provide conference control
y Operations (configuration of IP phones, version control and
upgrading of highly distributed software, accounting/billing,)
y Packet-level interconnection of VoIP islands which use competing
architectures and protocols
y Controlling feature interactions in a distributed-services environment
y Traversal of NATs and firewalls
y Support for services beyond voice
LTS
Telcordia Technologies, Inc.
Slide 21
NAT Traversal
y Network Address Translators (NATs) map a private IP
address space to externally visible (public) IP addresses
Conserve scarce public IP addresses
Shield internal hosts from outside world
LTS
Telcordia Technologies, Inc.
Slide 22
Internet
Private Network A
Private Network B
STUN
Request/Response
NAT
STUN Client
SIP Client
NAT
SIP
Signaling
STUN Client
SIP Client
SIP Proxy/Registrar
Source: P. Thermos, Telcordia
LTS
Telcordia Technologies, Inc.
Slide 23
Advanced Services
y VoIP: natural platform for evolution to advanced services
Supports intelligent terminals and rich signaling
Separates calls from connections
Multimedia capabilities already in the protocols (SIP/H.323)
Removes bottleneck by separating call control from switching
Slide 24
y Implications
Call admission control becomes more complex
Much less aggregation, localization of flows than with NGN voice
Usage, traffic patterns may be highly variable and hard to predict
Slide 25
Acknowledgements
Ron Menendez
Stu Wagner
Tim Feustel
Peter Thermos
Dave Gorman
Nigel Dewdney
Gary Hayward
LTS
Telcordia Technologies, Inc.
Slide 26