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ES2B0FluidMechanics
ModelAnswerstoExampleQuestions(SetV)
Question1:UTubemanometer+Pitottube
In figure 1 the flowing fluid is CO2 at 200C. Neglect losses. If
manometerfluidisMeriamredoil(SG=0.827),estimate
and
and the
thegasflowratein
m /h.
Figure1
SOLUTION
EstimatetheCO2densityas
Themanometerreadinggivesthedownstreampressure:
Hence,
Or,
Then,
Question2:Dimensionalanalysis
Underlaminarconditions,thevolumeflowQthroughasmalltriangularsectionporeofside
lengthbandlengthLisafunctionofviscosity ,pressuredropperunitlengthp/L,andb.
Using the pi theorem, rewrite this relation in dimensionless form. How does the volume
flowchangeiftheporesizebisdoubled?
SOLUTION
Establishthevariablesandtheirdimensions:
Then
and
,henceweexpect
pigroup,foundasfollows:
Solve,
Question3:Dynamicsimilarity
Whentestedinwaterat200Cflowingat2m/s,an8cmdiameterspherehasameasured
dragof5N.Whatwillbethevelocityanddragforceona1.5mdiameterweatherballoon
mooredinsealevelstandardairunderdynamicallysimilarconditions?
SOLUTION
Forwaterat200Ctake
and
and
.Forsealevelstandardairtake
.Theballoonvelocityfollowsfromdynamic
similarity,whichrequiresidenticalReynoldsnumbers:
Or,
Thenthetwosphereswillhaveidenticaldragcoefficients:
Solve
Question4:Momentumconservation
A12cmdiameterpipe,containingwaterflowingat200N/s,iscappedbyanorificeplate,as
inFigure2.Theexitjetis25mmindiameter.Thepressureinthepipeatsection1is800kPa
gage.CalculatetheforceFrequiredtoholdtheorificeplate.
Figure2
SOLUTION
Forwatertake
.Thisisastraightforwardxmomentumproblem.First
evaluatethemassflowandthetwovelocities:
Nowapplythexmomentumrelationforacontrolvolumesurroundingtheplate:
Or,
Question5:Newton`sLawofviscosity
ThebeltinFigure3movesatsteadyvelocity andskimsthetopofatankofoilofviscosity
. Assuming a linear velocity profile, develop a simple formula for the belt drive power
requiredasafunctionof
.Neglectairdrag.Whatpower inwattsisrequired
ifthebeltmovesat2.5m/soverSAE30Woilat200C,withL=2m,b=60cm,andh=3cm?
Figure3
SOLUTION
Thepoweristheviscousresistingforcetimesthebeltvelocity:
ForSAE30Woil,
.Then,forthegivenbeltparameters,
Question6:Heattransfer(conduction)
Heatistransferredsteadilytoboilingwaterinthepanthroughitsbottom.Theinnersurface
temperatureofthebottomofthepanisgivenas
.Theradiusofthepanis
and
thethicknessis
.Thetemperatureoftheoutersurfaceistobedetermined.
Figure4
Assumptions
1. Steadyoperatingconditionsexistsincethesurfacetemperaturesofthepanremain
constantatthespecifiedvalues.
2. Thermalpropertiesofthealuminiumpanareconstant.
Properties
Thethermalconductivityofthealuminiumisgiventobe
SOLUTION
Heattransferareais
Under steady conditions, the rate of heat transfer through the bottom of the pan by
conductionis
Substituting,
whichgives