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HIDROELEKTRANA
OMBLA
PROJEKT ZA ENERGETSKO KORITENJE
PODZEMNIH VODA U KRAKOM TERENU

THE OMBLA
HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT
PROJECT FOR POWER UTILIZATION OF
UNDERGROUND WATERS IN KARST AOUIFER

DUBROVNIK, DECEMBER 1989.

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Ovu publikaciju HIDROELEKTRANA OMBLA - PROJEKT ZA ENERGETSKO KORI:jTENJE PODZEMNIH VODA U KRA:jKOM TERENU, na osnovi rezultata do sada zavrenih istraivanja, te
elaborata i projekata izraenih od: ELEKTROPROJEKTA- ZAGREB, ENERGOPROJEKTA - BEOGRAD, HIDROELEKTRANE NA TREBI:jNJICI, INSTfTLJT - TREBINJE, GEORZIKOG INSTITUTA
- BEOGRAD, GEOFIZIKE- ZAGREB, GEOLO:jKOG ZAVODA LJUBLJANA- LJUBLJANA i drugih, pripremio je i izradio PAVI:jA TOMISLAV, dipl. ing. gra., HIDROELEKTRANA DUBROVNIK
- DUBROVNIK.

This publication, THE OMBLA HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER PLANT PROJECT FOR POWER UllUZATION OF UNDERGROUND WATERS IN KARST AQUIFER, on the basis of the results obtained
in research work completed by now, and elaborates and projects elaborated by: ELEKTROPROJEKT- ZAGREB, ENERGOPROJEKT- BEOGRAD, HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS ON
TREBI:jNJICA - THE INSTITUTE OF TREBINJE, GEOPHYSICAL INSTITUTE - BEOGRAD,
GEOFIZIKA - ZAGREB, GEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF LJUBLJANA - LJUBLJANA, and others,
has been prepared and elaborated by TOMISLAV PAVI:jA, civil engineer, HEPP DUBROVNIK
-DUBROVNIK

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SADRLAJ
SALETAK

UVOD................................................... ............................................ ...............

PRIRODNE KARAKTERISTIKE SLIVNOG PODRUJA .. . . . . . . . .. . .. . . .. .. . .. .. . . . .. . . . .. . ... . . . .. . .. .

Hidroloke karakteristike . .. .. .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. .. .. . .. . . .. . .. ... .. . . . . . . . .. . . .. . .. . . .. . .

Geoloke i hidrogeoloke karakteristike . . .. . .. .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . . . . . . .. .. .. . . . . . .. . . .. . . . ... .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .

ISTRALNI RADOVI .. . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1o

PREOLOtENO RJEENJE HE OMBLA .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . . .

11

ENERGETSKO-EKONOMSKE VELIINE IZGRADNJE ..... , .. . .. .. . . .. . . . .. . .. . .. . . . .. . . . .. . .. .. . . . . .

14

ZAKLJUAK .................................... .................................................................

15

PRILOZI .... .. ............................. ... ............................... .. ............... ..... ............... .

TABLE OF CONTENST

.......................................................................................................

INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... .

NATURAL CHARACTERISTICS OT THE ORA/NAGE AREA ............... .. ...................... ..

SYNOPSIS

Hydrological Characteristics ............................................................................... . ..

Geological and Hydrogeological Characteristics ... .... .. ........... ........... ...... .................. .

RESEARCH$ WORKS ....................................... ................................................ .

10

PROPOSEO SOLUTION FOR HEPP OMBLA .......................................................... .

11

POWER-ECONOMIC CONSTRUCTION VALUES ................................................... .. .

14

CONCLUSION .................................................................................................. .

15

MUPS ..................................................... ... ........................................... .... ..... .

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UVOD
Izvor OMBLA postaje predmet znaajnijeg interesa ireg kruga specijalista koji se bave problematikom voda u kru, poetkom ezdesetih godina, kada je odabirana osnovna koncepcija hidrosistema TREBINJICA. Nepoznavanje hidrolokih i hidrogeolokih karakteristika ovog podruja nametnuli su potrebu provedbe vrlo opsenog programa istraivanja. Nakon njihovog zavretka stvorena je ideja o mogunosti hidroenergetskog iskoritenja vodnog potencijala OMBLE sa koncepcijom kakva se danas analizira.
Dosad izraene studije i projekti nivoa idejnog rjeenja pokazale su da je ovo neuobiajeno rjeenje za energetsko iskoritenje voda krakog podzemlja, tehniki ostvarivo i da je izgradnja ovog
objekta ekonomski opravdana.
Recenzione komisije sastavljene od jugoslavenskih eksperata potvrdile su dosadanje navedene
osnovne zakljuke, ime je omoguen nastavak istraivanja do zavretka idejnog projekta.
Ovaj saeti prikaz osnovnih rezultata istraivanja i odabrane koncepcije rjeenja ima za cilj upoznati
sve zainteresirane sa ovim dosta neuobiajenim ~eenjem za energetsko koritenje podzemnih
voda kra, o kojem se izvan uih strunih krugova vrlo malo zna, a ija iskustva mogu biti vrlo
korisna za ostale zemlje koje imaju vee povrine krakih terena.

INTRODUCTION
With the beginning of 60-s the OMBLA spring appears as a subject of interest in a wider circle
of experts dealing with karst water problems. At the time main concept for the TREBINJICA
hydro-system was being chosen. Lack of information about hydrological and hydrogeological
characteristics of this region imposed a need for implementation of an extensive research programme. Upon completion of the research the idea of the possible power utilization of the OMBLA
water capacity took shape under conception that is now being analysed.
The studies elaborated until now and the projects at a preliminary design level have indicated
that this unusual solution for power utilization of karst underground waters is technically feasible
and that construction of this plant is economically justified.
Review committees formed by Yugoslav experts approved the above stated main conclusions,
enabling thus continuation of the research until completion of the feasibility study.
This short review of the main research results and the selected conception is intended to clarify
to everyone concemed this rather unusual solution for power utilization of karst underground
waters since outside the narrow circle of specialists there is hardly anyone familiar with it and,
moreover, the experience gained here can be very useful for other countries with larger karst
areas.

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PRIRODNE KARAKTERISTIKE SLIVNOG PODRUJA

Izvor OMBLA je tipian priobalni kraki izvor veoma znaajne izdanosti. U prirodnim uvjetima,
prije izgradnje objekata hidrosistema Trebinjica, on je bio kao i svugdje u kru prirodni drenani
sistem, koji je omoguavao odvoenje vode najkraim putem do mora. Tu su ponori du vodotoka
Trebinjica bili ulaz a izvor OMBLA izlaz, kako je prikazano na slici 1, iz priloga. Naravno pored
ovih voda izvor se prihranjivao i vodama iz vlastitog slivnog podruja.
Ovaj izvor ire promatrano pripada slivu Trebinjice, jednom od najveih i sigurno po bogatstvu
prirodnih obiljeja najinteresantnijih krakih podruja u Jugoslaviji.
Ovo podruje najveim dijelom
nom Dubrovnik.

obuhvaa

regiju

Istona

Hercegovina, sa uom priobalnom zo-

Izgradnjom objekata hidrosistema Trebinjica, deavaju se neminovne promjene koje pNenstveno

mijenjaju prirodni reim voda kako na irem podruju tako i na izvoru OMBLA.

NATURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DRAJNAGE AREA

The OMBLA spring is a typical coastal karst spring abundant with water. Under its natural conditions, prior to construction of the TREBISNJICA hydro-system plants, it was a natural drainage
system characteristic for karst areas which enabled drainage of water through the shortest way
into the sea. The swallow-holes along the water flow of the river TREBISNJICA were the entrance
and the OMBLA spring was the exit, as picture 1 of the enclosure illustrates. Naturally, besides
these waters the spring was recharging from its own catchment.
Seen from a broader point of view, this spring belongs to the TREBISNJICA drainage area, one
of the largest and with its rich natural characteristics certainly one of the most interesting karst
regions in Yugoslavia.
Most of this area belongs to the region of Eastern Herzegovina and includes the narrow coast
belt of Dubrovnik.
The construction of the TREBISNJICA hydro-system plants originated some unavoidable changes
which have primarily influenced the natural water regime in both the wider area and the OMBLA
spring

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Hidroloke karakteristike
Za itavo podruje obuhvaeno projektom hidrosistema Trebinjica uoljiva je osnovna zakonitost
hidrolokih ciklusa koju karakteriziraju:
- bogatstvo vodom u periodu od kasne jeseni do ranog proljea i
- izraziti nedostatak za vodom u ostalom dijelu godine.
Ljudi na ovom podruju oduvijek su vodili borbu protiv vode - branei plodne povrine od poplava, i za vodu -osiguravajui neophodne koliine za osobne potrebe i za navodnjavanje minimalnih
obradivih povrina na kojima su proizvodili hranu.
Ovo podruje obiluje kiama Prosjeno godinje ovdje padne od 1400 mm u priobalju do preko
2200 mm u planinskom dijelu ovog slivnog podruja Potpuno suno razdoblje moe potrajati i
preko 90 dana
Za potrebe projekta HE OMBLA bilo je neophodno utvrditi reim voda u novonastalim uvjetima,
nakon zavretka izgradnje objekata hidrosistema Trebinjica Izgradnjom ovih objekata dolo je
do smanjenja ukupne bilance voda, dok su minimalne i maksimalne protoke ostale nepromijenjene.
Karakteristine

vrijednosti dananjeg reima voda su

=

24.4 m 3/sec

Omax11oo =

138.3 m 3/sec

Osr

3.0 m3/sec

Om.n

Karakteristini pokazatelji, hidrogram za karaktenstinu godinu i dijagram godinje raspodjele protoke, dati su na slici iz priloga.

Hydrological Characteristics
For the whole region included in the TREBINJICA hydro-system project a basic pattern in hydrological cycles dynamics can be obseNed, characterized by abundance of water during the late
autumn - early spring period and a considerable lack of it during the rest of the year. ln this
region men had always !ought against water, protecting the fertile land from floods, and for water,
saving the minimum quantities for their own needs and for inrigation of the few cultivable areas
kept for production of food.
This region is a rich precipitation area Mean annual precipitation here is 1400 mm in the coastal
belt and over 2200 mm in the mountains of the catchment area. On the other hand, a completely
dry period can last over 90 days.
For the HEPP OMBLA project purposes it was imperative to determine the water regime under
the newly formed conditions upon completion of construction of the TREBINJICA hydro-system
plants. The construction of these plants caused a decrease in total water reseNes with the
minimum and maximum water flows remaining the same.
Distinctive values of the present discharge are:
=

24.4 m3/sec

omax/100 =

138.3 m3/sec

Oav
Omon

3.0 m3/sec

Specific indicators, hydrogram for a specific year and annual ftow distribution diagram are all
shown on the drawing enclosed.

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Geoloke i hidrogeoloke karakteristike

Podruje koje je obuhvaeno projektom hidrosistema Trebinjica izraeno je od sedimentnih stijena, trijasa, jure, krede, eocena i kvartara. Na cijelom prostoru dominiraju vapnenci i dolomiti,
trijaske, jurske i kredne starosti. Eocenski sedimenti sastoje se od flinog kompleksa u kome
dominiraju laporovito-glinovite komponente (lapor, glina, pjeari, konglomerati i laporoviti vapnenci). Sedimenti kvartara pokrivaju dna krakih polja i vrtaa, gdje je terra-rosa najzastupljenija formacija.

Osnovne strukturne i stratigrafske jedinice izduene su u smjeru pruanja Dinarida. Kao posljedica
intenzivne neotektonske aktivnosti formirana su kraka polja koja se kaskadno sputaju sa visine
od 1000 m do nivoa mora.
Glavnu i iroko rasprostranjenu litostratigrafsku jedinicu ine sedimenti karstificiranih vapnenaca
koji u hidrogeolokom smislu predstavljaju vodopropusne stijene. Znatno manje susreemo sedimente dolomita, koji spadaju u kategoriju slabo propusnih do vodonepropusnih stijena. Najmanje
su zastupljeni sedimenti flia, koji predstavljaju vodonepropusnu barijeru.
Prema niim horizontima voda otie putem brojnih veih ili manjih ponora. Najvei imaju kapacitet
preko 50 m3/sec. Ukupni kapaciteti ponorskih zona u pojedinim krakim poljima iznose 100-200
m3/sec. Promjene razine podzemne vode su vrlo brze (do 90 m/24h), a ukupne razlike izmedu
minimalne i maximalne razine podzemne vode iznose preko 300 m. Podzemni vodni tokovi od
ponora prema izvoru nieg horizonta mogu biti dui od 30 km.
Brzine u koncentriranom toku kroz krake kanale variraju izmedu 2,0 i 55 cm/sec. Karstifikacija
je duboka - generalno dubine stijenske mase koje su zahvaene procesom okravanja iznose
200-250 m.

Geological and Hydrogeological Characteristics

The region covered by the TREBINJICA hydro-system project is compcsed of sedimentary
rocks, Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous, Eocene and Ouartemary sediments. Typical for the whole
area are limestones and dolomites of Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous formations. The Eocene
sediments consist of a flysch complex dominated by marly-clayish components (marl, clay,
sandstone, conglomerates and marly limestones). Ouarternary sediments cover the bottoms of
karst fields and sinkholes where terra-rosa is the primary formation.
Basic structural and stratographic units stretch in a belt following the extension of the Dinarides.
As a consequence of an intensive neotectonic activity karst fields have been formed cascading
from an altitude of 1000 m down to the sea level.
The main and wide-spread lithostratographic unit consists of karstified limestone sediments which
in hydrogeological terms represent water permeable rocks. However, dolomite sediments are to
be found much rarer and they are in the cathegory of low permeable to impermeable rocks.
Flysch sedi ments appear in the least quantities and they represent a water impermeable barrier.
Tawards lower levels the water goes underground through numerous larger or smaller swallowholes. The largest ones have a capacity of over 50 m3/sec. Total capacities of the swallow-hole
zones in separate karst fields read 100-200 m3/sec. Level fluctuations of the underground water
come very quickly (to 90 m/24h), and total differences between the minimum and maximum
underground water levels reach over 300 m. Underground water circulations from a swallow-hole
towards a lower leveled spring can sometimes be more than 30 km long.
Flow rates in a concentrated flow through karst channels vary from 2,0 to 55 cm/sec. Karstification
is deep, mostly the depths of the rock volume affected by karstfication reach 200-250 m.

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Geoloke i hidrogeoloke karakteristike na uplivnom podruju sliva OMBLE kao i u zoni podzemne
akumulacije i buduih objekata HE OMBLA, u potpunosti su sukladne sa prethodnim opisom
regionalnih geolokih i hidrogeolokih karakteristika ovog podruja. Svi osnovni geoloki i hidrogeoloki inioci koji su utjecali na formiranje ovog krakog izvora prikazani su na hidrogeolokoj
karti koja se daje u prilogu.

ISTRNN RADOVI
Postojanost ideje o mogunosti izgradnje ovog specifinog hidroenergetskog postrojenja ovisi
ponajvie o realnosti i ekonominosti tehnikih ~eenja objekata za usporavanje vode u krakom
zaleu izvora OMBLA, odnosno o mogunosti formiranja podzemne akumulacije. Zbog toga su
skoro sva istraivanja bila usmjerena na prostor podzemne akumulacije i na pregradni profil budue podzemne brane.
Izraene su detaljne geoloke analize litostratigrafskih, tektonskih, hidrogeolokih pojava te rezultata geoelektrinog sondiranja u prostoru podzemne akumulacije OMBLA i na djelovima slivnih
povrina susjednih izvora Zaton i Zavrelje. lzbuene su duboke piezometarske buotine.u pojedinim karakteristinim djelovima podzemne akumulacije na kojima se kontinuirano biljee satne vrijednosti razine vode. Na izvoru OMBLA i na susjednim izvorima Zaton i Zavrelje, gdje postoje
mogunosti da se u njihov sliv povremeno prelije dio voda iz sliva OMBLE, kontinuirano se registriraju satne vrijednosti protoke. Stalnim praenjem ponaanja razine vode u podzemnoj akumulaciji, koja se povremeno formira u dananjim prirodnim uvjetima i njihovom usporedbom sa veliinama protoka na OMBU i susjednim izvorima mogue je sa dovoljno preciznosti odrediti razinu
vode u akumulaciji kada dolazi do prelijevanja prema susjednim izvorima.

Geological and hydrogeological characteristics in the catchment area of the OMBLA spring as
well as in its underground storage reseNoir and the future HEPP OMBLA installations zone, are
fully congruent with the preliminary description of the regional geological and hydrogeological
characteristics. All the basic geological and hydrogeological factors that influenced formation of
this karst spring are illustrated on the hydrogeological map herewith enclosed.

RESEARCH WORKS
Perseverance of the idea about the possibility of constructing this specific hydro-power plant
depends mostly on the reality and economic feasibility of the technical solutions for water retardation installations in the OMBLA spring hinterland, i. e. on the possibility of forming underground
water reseNes. This was the reason for concentrating of almost all research works on the underground water storage reseNoir and on the partition profile of the future underground dam.
Detailed geological analyses of lithostratographic, tectonic, hydrogeological factors have been
elaborated as well as of the geoelectric prospecting in the OMBLA underground storage basin
and in some parts of the neighbouring springs ZATON and ZAVRELJE catchments. Deep
piezometric boreholes have been drilled in some characteristic parts of the underground storage
area for continuous recording of the water level values every hour. At the OMBLA spring and its
neighbouring springs ZATON and ZAVRELJE, where there are possibilities for periodical percolation of some of the water from OMBLA aquifer into their respecitve aquifers, values of the water
discharge are continuously being registered. By the continuous obseNation of the water level
fluctuations in the underground storage basin, periodically being formed under present natural
conditions, and their contrasting with the values of the OMBLA and its neighbouring springs
discharge, it is possible, pretty accurately, to determine the storage basin water level at the time
of the water overflow into the neighbouring catchments.

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Svi dosadanji rezultati ukazuju da se prelijevanje prema izvoru Zaton dogaa kada razina vode
u akumulaciji naraste iznad kota 120-130 m. n. m. Prema izvoru Zavrelje ovo prelijevanje poinje
neto ranije kada se voda popne do kota 90-100 m. n. m. Porastom akumulacije do kota 120
- 130 m. n. m. ukupna protoka na izvoru Zavrelje kree se od 4,0-4,2 m3/sec.
U zoni budue podzemne brane izvreno je detaljno geoloko kartiranje, izraen istrani potkop
duine 700 m, te izbueno 30 buotina ukupne duine 3,400 m koje su rasporeene du dna i
oba boka pregradnog profila. Sva provedena istraivanja izvrena su s ciljem da se detaljno utvrde
odnosi izmedu pojedinih tektonskih blokova, odnosno utvrdi prostorni poloaj vodonepropusnih
stijena (fli), nepropusnih do slabo propusnih (dolomit) te vodopropusnih (vapnenci). Mjerenjem
vodopropusnosti du svih buotina dobijeni su kvantitativni podaci o vodopropusnosti svih slojeva
unutar istraivanog profila. Svi ovi radovi omoguili su da se utvrde dimenzije poprenog profila
na mjestu podzemne brane, kako je prikazano na slici iz priloga.
Iz istranog potkopa i buotina koje su iz njega izvedene izvrena su geoloka, opsena geofizika,
te speleoloka i ronilako-speleoloka istraivanja da se utvrdi prostorni poloaj fosilnih i danas
aktivnih, piljskih kanala. Do danas otkriveni piljski prostori nekadanjih kanala i danas aktivni
dovodni kanali OMBLE prikazani su na slikama iz priloga.

PREDLOLENO RJEENJE HE OMBLA

Iz prethodnog prikaza hidrolokih analiza koje su obavljene za potrebe izrade Idejnog projekta
ovog hidroenergetskog objekta moe se konstatirati da raspoloiva srednja protoka OMBLE iznosi
Osr = 24,4 m%ec, to je vie od srednje protoke koja je usvojena pri izradi Idejnog ~eenja (Osr
3
= 23,3 m /sec).

All the results so far obtained indicate that the water overflow towards the ZATON spring occurs
when the level of water in the aquifer is above an elevation of 120-130 a. s. l. Towards the
ZAVRELJE spring this overflow starts somewhat earlier when the aquifer reaches an elevation of
90-1 OO a. s. l. By an increase of the storage water to an elevation of 120-130 a. s. l. total
discharge at the ZAVRELJE spring oscillates from 4,0-4,2 m3/sec.
Detailed geological mapping in the future underground dam zone has been performed, gallery
700 m long has been escavated for investigation purposes and 30 boreholes drilled with total
length of 3,400 m positioned along the bottom and both sides of the partition profile. All explorations carried out by now have been performed with an intention to have the relations between
separate tectonic blocks specifried in detail, i. e. to specify the spaciallocations of water impermeable rocks (flysch), impermeable to low permeable (dolomite) and water permeable rocks (limestones). By measuring the water permeability near all boreholes, quantitative data have been obtained of water permeability of all strata within the profile under exploration. All these works helped
to determine the dimensions of the cross profile at the underground dam locality, as illustrated
on the drawing enclosed.
From the gallery and the boreholes drilled from it. geological, extensive geophysical, speleological
and diving-speleological research have been conducted to locate the fossil as well as the still
active conduits. The former conduits located until now and the still active OMBLA feeding channels are illustrated on the drawings in the enclosure.

PROPOSED SOLUTION FOR HEPP OMBLA

From the previous review of hydrological analyses performed for elaboration purposes of this
hydro-power plant conceptual design it can be concluded that the actual OMBLA mean discharge reads Oav = 24.4 m3/sec, what is more than the mean discharge adopted during elaboration of the conceptual design (Qav = 23,3 m3/sec).

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Iz analize geolokih i hidrolokih uvjeta krakog podruja ireg zalea izvora OMBLA i do sada
provedenih istraivanja moe se sa dovoljno sigurnosti konstatirati da je u zaleu OMBLE mogue
formirati podzemnu akumulaciju sa kotom uspora 1OO m. n. m., kako je prikazano u shemi iz
priloga. Sve analize ukazuju da je mogue formirati akumulaciju sa veom kotom uspora od 120130 m. n. m., s tim da se na osnovu tehniko-ekonomske analize daje ~eenje za iskoritenje
onog malog dijela voda koje se prelijevaju prema izvoru Zavrelje, kako je prikazano na slici iz
priloga.
Pored prirodno stvorenih uvjeta koji osiguravaju vododrivost lijevog i desnog boka akumulacije,
kljuni objekt kojim se postie ovo usporavanje vode u podzemlju jest objekt podzemne brane
koji je smjeten u brdskom masivu iza izvora OMBLE.
Ovaj se objekt bono vee za debele naslage vodonepropusnih stijena (fli), a u dnu na slabopropusne naslage dolomitskih stijena. Samo rjeenje ove podzemne brane bit e potpuno definirano
nakon detaljne analize rezultata svih istraivanja, a za sada se moe rei da e njezin gornji dio
(do kote + 1OO m. n. m.) biti injekcijska zavjesa dok e donji dio (do kote - 1OO m. n. m.) biti
izveden kao injekcijska zavjesa i posebne betonske konstrukcije za zatvaranje veih krakih kanala
i piljskih upljina.
Sa uzvodne strane ove podzemne brane bit e iskopana posebna galerija za zahvat vode
kojom e se osigurati uredna vodoopskrba Dubrovnika kako za vrijeme gradnje svih objekata
tako i za vrijeme eksploatacije ovog energetskog postrojenja. Nato nizvodnije i blie brani bit
e iskopani objekti za zahvat vode, koja e se dalje tlanim cjevovodom dovesti do turbina. Svi
ostali objekti koji su prikazani na priloenom crteu su klasini podzemni objekti.

Analysing the geological and hydrogeological conditions in a wider hinterland of the OMBLA karst
spring and research works carried out until now, it can be concluded with enough certainty that
in OMBLA hinterland it is possible to form a storage basin at an elevation of 1OO a. s. 1., as the
scheme in the enclosure indicates. All analyses indicate the possibility of forming a storage basin
with a higher elevation of 120-130 a. s. 1., under presumption that on the basis of a technicaleconomic analysis a solution be given for utilization of the small part of waters that outflow towards
ZAVRELJE spring, as shown on the picture enclosed.
Besides the natural conditions which ensure impermeability on both sides of the storage basin,
the key project which will ensure water retardation in the underground is the underground dam
project placed in the hill massif behind the OMBLA spring.
This project is tied sidewise to the thick stratum of impermeable rocks {flysch), and at the bottom
to low permeable dolomite rocks. The very solution for the underground dam is to be fully defined
upon a detailed analysis of all investigations results. Nevertheless, at this moment we can say
that its upper part (up to an elevation of + 1OO a. s. 1.) will be an grouting curtain while at the same
time its lower part (up to an elevation of 1OO a. s. 1.) will be constructed as an grouting curtain
and special concrete constructions for closing up of bigger karst counduits and cave holes.
Upstream from the underground dam a separate gallery is to be dug for collecting the water
that will ensure regular water supply of the city of Dubrovnik, both during the construction of all
installations and during exploatation of this power plant. Somewhat downstream and closer to
the dam, water collectors will be dug from where through pressure pipeline the water will be
brought to the turbines. All other installations, as shown on the drawing enclosed, are standard

ENERGETSKO-EKONOMSKE VELIINE IZGRADNJE

Na osnovi Idejnog rjeenja, HE OMBLA je predloena kao pribransko postrojenje sa
osnovnim veliinama izgradnje:
-

Osr = 23,3 m3/sec

Oi = 70,0 m3/sec
H= 100 m
P=60MW
W = 156 GWh

srednja protoka
instalirana protoka
maksimalni brutto pad
instalirana snaga
prosjena godinja proizvodnja

Proraun mogue

slijedeim

proizvodnje proveden je za uvjete da je rad elektrane

protoni.

Procjena trokova izgradnje iznosi:

Graevinski

30,100.000

radovi

Hidromehanika

21,600.000

i elektrostrojarska oprema

13 9()().000'

Ostali trokovi
UKUPNO:

65,600.000

POWER-ECONOMIC CONSTRUCTION VALUES

On the preliminary design basis the HEPP OMBLA has been offered as a plant with the power
station immediately below the dam, with following construction values:
-

Oav = 23,3 m3/sec

mean discharge
installed discharge
maximum gross head
installed power capacity
mean annual production

oi = 70,0 m3/sec
H= 100 m
P= 60MW
W = 156 GWh

Estimate for the possible production has been made under the assumption that the power plant
functions under free-flow conditions.
Estimate for the construction expenses reads:
(in USA $)

Construction works

30,100.000

Hydro-machanical and electro-mechanical expenses

21,600.000

Other expenses

13,900.000'
TOTAL:

65600.000

~L~----------~------------------~--~

j_

ZAKLJUAK
Svi do sada dobiveni rezultati istraivanja pokazuju da je predloeno tehniko ~eenje ovog hidroenergetskog postrojenja, izraeno sa realnim osnovnim elementima.
Ukupna koliina vode, koja se u prosjeno vlanoj godini danas pojavljuje na izvoru OMBLA iznosi
O= 24.4 m%ec, to je vie od koliine koja je usvojena kod izrade Idejnog ~eenja (0 = 23,3
m3/sec).
Geoloka, hidrogeoloka, geofizika istraivanja i posebno analiza ponaanja razine vode u prirodnoj podzemnoj akumulaciji OMBLA pokazuju da je mogue ostvariti maksimalnu kotu izmedu
120-130 m. n. m. Idejno ~eenje je razraeno sa kotom maksimalnog uspora od 1OO m. n. m.
lako za konanu ocjenu postojanosti predloenih tehnikih ~eenja pojedinih objekata, a posebno
za ocjenu ekonominosti ovog hidroenergetskog postrojenja, moramo saekati zavretak kompletnog programa istranih radova, odnosno zavretak idejnog projekta, danas moemo rei da
dosadanji rezultati istraivanja potvruju osnovne postavke idejnog rjeenja i da su dobiveni rezultati pozitivno ocijenjeni od komisije jugoslavenskih eksperata.
Cijenei sloenost objekta koji smo postavili kao konani cilj, prisiljeni smo dobivene rezultate
uvijek ponovo provjeravati. Etape istraivanja koje su za nama, te posebno dobiveni rezultati istraivanja, omoguuju nam da kod dananje ocjene realnosti predloene ideje za energetsko iskoritenje voda krakog podzemlja, budemo realni optimisti.

CONCLUSION
All the investigation results so far obtained indicate that the suggested technical solution for this
hydro-power plant has been worked out based on realistic fundamental elements.
Maximum discharge of the OMBLA spring in an average wet year amounts to O = 24,4 m3 /sec,
which happens to be a larger quantity than the one adopted at working out the preliminary design
(0 = 23,3 m3/sec).
Geological, hydrogeological, geophysical explorations and particularly the analysis of water level
fluctuations in the OMBLA karst aquifer indicate that it is possible to obtain a maximum elevation
of 120-130 a. s. l. The preliminary design has been elaborated on the basis of a maximum
elevation of 1OO a. s. l.
Although for final evaluation whether the offered technical solutions for separate plants stand,
and especially for evaluation of the economic feasibility of this hydro-power plant, it is necessary
to wait for the complete research works to be finalized, i. e. for the preliminary design to be
completed, we shan't be wrong if we now say that the investigation results obtained support the
basic concepts of the preliminary design and that these results have gained favourable opinions
from the Yugoslav experts committee.
Appreciating the complexity of the project set as our final goal, we are obliged to recheck all the
results obtained. All the stages of the research that are now behind us, and particularly the results
obtained, having in mind the present evaluation of the feasibility of the offered idea for power
utilization of karst underground waters, justify our attitude of realistic optimis.

l-

j_

IZDAVA/EDITOR: ELEKTROPRIVREDA HRVATSKE

HIDROELEKTRANA DUBROVNIK - DUBROVNIK
RPREVODILAC/ TRANSLATION : NIVES BORE
CRTELI/MUPS: SLOBODAN VUKOVI dipl ing arh
REALIZACIJA/REALIZATION: SPORTING- ZAGREB
TISAK/ PRINTED BY: TISKARA VARTFI<~ \/t.Qt.7nr"'

HYDROSYSTEM TREBINJICA
NATURAL CONDITION

.....

SWALLOW HOLE
PERMANENT SPRING (AVERAGE ANNUAL
DISCHARGE > 20 mJ/S)

PERMANENT SPRING 10 m1n < 100 US)

INTERMITIENT SPRING
POLJE (KARSTIC FIELD)
TEMPORARY FLOODED SURFACE
DIRECTION OF UNDERGROUND FLOW
ROAD

'

~;

l()

15

J!l
km

...............

PERMANENT RIVER

-.- ~ "

INTERMITIENT FLOW (LOST RIVER)

TOWN

HET - INSTITUT - TREBINJE

1986

_L

IZVOR OMBLA
110 ~--+--+---+-

100

1-----+---+----+-

HIOROGRAM KARAKTERISTINE GODINE

SPRING OMBLA
HYOROGRAPH FOR CHARACTERISTIC YEAR

~ 1-----1+---+----r---t---r---+----r---t--~---t--.-,_--~

~ ~------1~--+----r---t---r---+----r---t--~---t--

Q.. 1m / 1

SREDNJE GODINJA PROTOKA

MEAN ANNUAL WATER FLOW

HET INSTITUT - TREBINJE

ODGOVORNI PROJEKTANT HIDROLOSKH PODLOGA
CH EF ENGINEER ~OR HYDROLOGIC STUDY

-,

HE OMBLA
PODZEMNA AKUMULACIJA - HIDROGEOLOKI PROFIL
UNDERGROUND STORAGE BASIN - HYOROGEOLOGICAL PROFILE

' CD

.---1
1---

2
t--

3
1---

4
L.....

ULAZ U PECINSKI SISTEM

ENf ER IN THE CAVES SYSTEM
LOKACIJA PODZEMNE BRANE
LOCATION OF UNDERGROUND DAM
ZONA SIFONSKE CIRKULACIJE
ZONE OF SIPHONES CIRCLJI ATION
PODZEMNA AKUMULACIJA
UNDERGROUND STORAGE BASIN

ENERGOPROJEKT - BEOGRAD
ODGOVORNI PROJEKTANT GEOLOSKIH PODLOGA
CHIEF ENGINEER FOR GEOLOGIC STUDY
DR PETAR MILANOVIC DIPL. ING GEOL
GEOLOGIC ENGINEER
07 1989

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HE OMBLA

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SISTEM KRAKIH PECINA l DOVODNIH KANALA

KARST CfJ'I"CS AND CONDUTIONS SYSTEM

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UPPER CAVE
STFUJ,ANJE ZRAKA

AIR ORCUlATlON

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LAKE

ISTRALNI POTKOP

INVESTJGATION GALlERY

MAAKO KP.A$OVEC SPELEO..OG

l SLf!ADi\10 - WBl.JANA.
1986. 1987, 1986

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ULAZ U PECINSKI SISTEM
ENTER IN THE CAVES SYSTEM
KRAi:>KE $PILJE l KANALI
KARST CAVES AND CONOUITS

HE OMBLA
POPRENI PROFIL PO TRASI PODZEMNE BRANE

CROSS PROFILE AT THE UNDERGROUND DAM LOCALITY

ISTRALNI POTKOP
INVESTIGATION GALLERY
BUi:>OTINl:
BOREHOLES
VISINA USPIDRA
ltD

WATER LAVEL
NEPROPUSNA BARIJERA - FU$
IMPERMEABLE BARRIER - FLYSH

1100

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HE OMBLA

to

IDEJNO RJESENJE
CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

-1)

, 21)

INJEKCIJSKA GALERIJA l ZAVJESA

1- INJECTION GALLERY AND CURTAINS

ZAHVATNI TUNEL l BUNARI
INTAKE TUNNEL AND BORE WELLS
J TLACNI CJEVOVOD
1 - PENSTOCK
4 TURBINSKI ODVOD

rs ~~:~~:~~~~~~CE
C!OTIOM OUTLeT

1- ZAHVAT ZA VODOVOD

INTAKE FOR WATER SUPPLY

PRISTUPNI TUNEL
1 - ACCESS TUNNEL
S ZASUNSKA KOMORA
VALVES GALLERY
1- ZAHVAT ZA VODOVOD
INTAKE FOR WATERSUPPL Y
10 STROJARNICA
MACHINE HALL
11 RASKLOPNO POSTROJENJE 11 O kV
_
DISTRIBUTION TERMINAL
KOMANDA
12 i,<AIN CONTROL HOUSE
PLATO STROJARNICE
~ MACHINE HALL PLATFORM
1l. PRISTUPNA CEST A
_
,\CCESS ROAD
IVOST
15 [)RIDGE
CRPNA STANICA VODOVODA
PUMP STATION FOR WATERSUPPLY

ELEK1ROPROJEKT - ZAGREB
ODGOVORNI PROJEKTANT
CHIEF PROJECT ENGINEER
ANTONIO SASUNIC DIPL ING GRAD
CNIL ENGINEER
12. 1986

~
ll

HE OMBLA
IDEJNO RJESENJE
CONCEPTUAL DESIGN
~ H: oe.Al

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1
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2
3

t.

1-

5
1-

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TLACNI CJEVOVOD
PENSTOCK
ZASUNSKA KOMORA
VALVES GALLERY
INJEKCUSKE GALERIJE
INJECTION GALLERIES
ISTRALNA - INJEKCIJSKA GALERIJA
INVESTIGATION - INJECTION GAlLERY
ZAHVATNI TIJNEL
INTAKE TIJNNEL
ZAHVAT ZA VODOVOD
INTAKE FOR WATERSUPPLY
INJEKCUSKA ZAVJESA
GROUT CURTA/N
TEMELJNI ISPUST
BOTTOM OUTLET

ELEKTROPROJEKT- ZAGREB
ODGOVORNI PROJEKTANT
CHIEF PROJECT ENGINEER
ANTONIO SASUNIC DIPL. ING GRAD.
12. 1986
CML ENGINEER

~
"'
10

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-10

HE OMBLA
VARIANTNO RJESENJE
VARIANT DESIGN
OPTOCNI TUNEL
DIVERSION TUNNEL
IZVORSKI BAZEN
SPRINGS BASIN TAILWATER
ODVODNI TUNEL
TAILRACE TUNNEL
IZVORSKA SPILJA
SPRINGS CAVES
TEMELJNI ISPUST l PRELJEV
BOTIOM OUTLET AND OVERFLOW
TURBINSKI ODVODI
TURBINES TAILRACE
VODOOPSKRBNI CJEVOVOD
WATERSUPPl Y PIPELINE
PRISl'JPNI TUNEL
AC~FSS TUNNEL
IN.IEKCIJSKA GALERIJA
INJECTION GALLERY
TLACNI CJEVOVOD
PE~ISTOCK

TEMELJNI ISPl . T l PRE, JEV

BODOM OUTLET AND OVERFLOW
GAl [RIJA ZATVARACA
VAL VES JALLERY
PRELJEVNO OKNO
OVERFLOW SHAFl
VODOZAHVATN! TUNEL
INTAKE TUNNEL
ZONA VODOZAHVATNIH BUNARA
ZONE INTAKE BORF WELLS
VOOOZAHVATNO OKNO
INTAKE SHAFT
VODOZAHVAT ZA VODOVOD
INT AKE FOR WATERSUPPLY

HIDROELEKTRANA DUBROVNIK
GLAVNIGRAD~S~IN0NJER

CHIEF Ef\GINEER
TOMISlAV PAV1SA DIPL. i'IG GRAD
02. l gro
CML Ef\GINEEA