Satellite Images

Vaibhav Acharya, MSc Computer Science, MACS College

Abstract: - Pictures are the most effective means of

conveying information. A picture is worth a
thousand words. Pictures concisely convey
information about positions, sizes and
interrelationships between objects. Human beings
are good at deriving information from such images,
because of our innate visual and mental abilities.
About 75% of the information received by human is
in pictorial form.
Analyzing and manipulating images with a
computer for information extraction is known as
image processing. Image processing generally
involves three steps:
Import an image with an optical scanner or
directly through digital photography.
Manipulate or analyze the image in some way.
This stage can include image enhancement
and data compression, or the image may be
analyzed to find patterns that aren't visible by
the human eye. For example, meteorologists
use image processing to analyze satellite
photographs.
Output the result. The result might be the
image altered in some way or it might be a
report based on analysis of the image

INTRODUCTION: - Our discussion will be focusing on

analysis of remotely sensed images. These Images
are represented in digital form.

I.

DIGITAL IMAGE

Digital imaging is the art of making digital images

photographs, printed texts, or artwork - through
the use of a digital camera or image machine, or
by scanning them as a document.
Each image is compiled of a certain amount of
pixels, which are then mapped onto a grid and
stored in a sequence by a computer.
II. COLOR COMPOSITION
There are two types of color composition:
False Color
True Color
False color refers to a group of color rendering
methods used to display images in color which
were recorded in the visual or non-visual parts of
the electromagnetic spectrum.

A false-color image is an image that depicts an

object in colors that differ from those a photograph
(a "true-color" image) would show.
An image is called a "true-color" image when it
offers a natural color rendition, or when it comes
close to it.
III.

IMAGE RECTIFICATION & RESTORATION

Rectification is a process of geometrically

correcting an image so that it can be represented
on a planar surface. That is, it is the process by
which geometry of an image is made plan metric. It
is necessary when accurate area, distance and
direction measurements are required to be made
from the imagery. It is achieved by transforming
the data from one grid system into another grid
system using a geometric transformation.

IV.

Ground Control Points (GCP)

Bit Error
Resampling
Striping
IMAGE ENHANCEMENT

Image enhancement techniques improve the

quality of an image as perceived by a human.
These techniques are most useful because many
satellite images when examined on a color display

give inadequate information for image

interpretation. Contrast generally refers to the
difference in luminance or grey level values in an
image and is an important characteristic.
Contrast Enhancement
Spatial Filtering

V.

INFORMATION EXTRACTION
Image Classification

The overall objective of image classification is to

automatically categorize all pixels in an image into
land cover classes or themes. Normally, multi
spectral Data are used. Different feature types
manifest different combination of DN s based on
their inherent properties. The traditional methods
of classification mainly follow two approaches:
unsupervised and supervised.
The comparison of a classification with groundtruth data to evaluate how well the classification
represents the real world.

Conclusion

Digital image processing of satellite data can be

primarily grouped into three categories:
Image Rectification and Restoration,
Enhancement and
Information extraction.
Image rectification is the pre-processing of satellite
data for geometric and radiometric connections.
Enhancement is applied to image data in order to
effectively display data for subsequent visual
interpretation. Information extraction is based on
digital classification and is used for generating
digital thematic map.