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FISCAL YEAR
1)
Fiscal year types.
a) Year Specific/Year dependent Fiscal year.
b) Year independent Fiscal year
1) Calendar Year.
2) Non Calendar year.
2)
Fiscal Year Variant only defines the number of periods and their start and finish
dates.
3)
SAP determines the posting period from the posting date.
4)
Posting periods can be defined up to 12 and Special periods up to 4.
5)
Posting periods can be up to 999 and Special periods can be up to 99 Posting
periods more than 16 (Including special periods) can only be used for special
purpose ledger applications.
6)
A shortened fiscal year is a fiscal year having less than twelve months. The
definition of a shortened fiscal year is always year-dependent, since it
represents a year-related exception.
7)
For year specific fiscal year Posting periods for each fiscal year needs to be
defined in configuration with reference to calendar years.
IMG: Financial A/cing>Financial A/cing Global setting>Fiscal Year>Maintain Fiscal
year variant.
CURRENCIES
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1) Account group
2) Transaction specific controls (Create/Change/Display).
Field status group assigned to a G/L codes in Company code segment is to
control the field status of the financial transaction entered in that G/L
account.
While creating Reconciliation account G/L master Reconciliation a/c type
needs to be assigned i.e. D Accounts receivable or K Accounts payable
You cannot post amounts directly to reconciliation accounts.
You can only activate or deactivate open item management if the account has
a zero balance.
If the account currency is the local currency the account can be posted to in
any currency.
Account in Foreign currency as account currency can only be posted to in that
foreign currency.
The group chart of account is assigned to each operational chat of accounts. If
this is done Group account number in COA segment of the Operational COAs
is a required entry field.
Country COA/Alternative COA number is entered in company code segment.
This makes alternative G/L a/c field in Company code segment of the G/L
master record a required entry.
Different accounts of one operational COAs can refer to the same group g/l
account. However one country chart of a/c GL code can be referred to only
one operational GL a/c.
Every country chart of accounts number can only be used once.
If all the companies are using the same operational COA then consolidation is
possible otherwise Group COA is used for Consolidation.
G/L accounts with open line item management must have line item display
activated.
GL account number ranges are always external where as for customer/vendor it
can be internal as well as external number assignment.
For Cross company code controlling, companies must use the same chart of
a/cs.
Number intervals for G/L account master data can overlap.
The fields Account currency and Field status Group are always required
entry fields. This status cannot be changed.
Reconciliation accounts are general ledger accounts assigned to the business
partner master data to record all transactions in the sub ledger.
02)
03)
i)
The Number Range of the accounts.
ii)
Whether the account is a one-time customer/vendor.
ii)
The status of fields in the master records.
04)
Line item Display and open line item management are configured as standard
for every customer/vendor account.
05)
Customer/Vendor accounts can have either internal or external number
assignment.
06)
There are separate number ranges for customer and vendor accounts. Number
ranges must not over lap for customer/vendor.
07)
Each number range can be assigned to one or more account groups.
08)
In customer/vendor account groups account number ranges are assigned by a
variant, however in GL account group number ranges are entered for each a/c
group.
09)
The lay out of Customer/Vendor master data screens can be affected by :
i)
Account group specific Field status group.
ii)
Transaction-specific field status group.
iii)
Company code specific field status group.
10)
Field status of a FI transaction in a Customer/Vendor Sub ledger a/c is also
controlled by field status variant assigned to reconciliation account master of
Customers/Vendors, while creating.
11)
Customer/vendor specific data for one-time customers/vendors is entered in
the document during posting.
12)
Dual Control Principle: If you define a field in the customer/vendor master
record as, sensitive the corresponding customer/vendor is blocked for
payment if the entry is changed.
13)
If a customer is also a vendor, or vice versa, the payment and dunning program
can clear open items against each other.
14)
At the client and company code level, you can enter an alternative
payer/payee. The entry in the company code segment has higher priority than
the entry at client level.
BANK ACCOUNTS
1)
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ii)
Create House bank (E.g. ICICI) Enter House bank id, Country, Bank
key, Contact person + telephone numbers.
iii)
Create bank a/c Enter House bank id already created (It will take bank
address from already assigned bank key to that house bank id), Bank id
(E.g. SB), Description (E.g.-Savings bank a/c), Bank a/c no, Currency,
G/L a/c.
iv)
Change G/L a/c in tab -create/bank/interest, enter house bank id and
Account id.
Summary
(a) Create -Bank key,
(b) Create house bank id and add bank key.
(c) Create bank a/c with Account id and assign GL a/c.
(d) Modify G/L a/c and assign House bank+Account id.
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For every bank a/c G/L account must be created. This G/L account is assigned
to the bank a/c and vice versa. Both accounts have to have the same account
currency.
In the Customer/Vendor master record, the field Bank Type is used to
distinguish between different banks.
Using the house bank id and the bank types the payment program determines
the banks to be used.
Each bank a/c is reflected in the SAP system by a combination of house bank ID
and account ID (bank type).
The bank group is used for classifying banks. The key is freely assignable. The
aim of classification is to group banks together in such a way that payment
transactions within a group can be carried out as fast as possible (payment
optimization).
The SWIFT code is used for identifying banks in international payment
transactions.
Every bank master record is identified by the bank country and bank key.
DOCUMENT CONTROL
DOCUMENT STRUCTURE / CONTROL
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KR Vendor Invoice
KG Vendor Cr.Memo.
KZ Vendor Payment
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end.
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DR Customer Invoice.
DG Customer Cr.Memo.
DZ Customer Payment.
AB General Document
SA G/L a/c posting.
Document numbers can have internal or external number assignment.
Up to a future fiscal year Number range will continue irrespective of year
For each fiscal year At the start of a new year the system starts the number
assignment again at the start of the number range. (You need to define number
range for every new fiscal year)
The document number range must not over lap.
Document type AB allows postings to all account types.
One number range can be assigned to several document types.
Posting keys are defined at client level.
Posting keys control:
i)
On which type of account the line item can be posted to
ii)
The item is posted as a Debit or Credit.?
iii)
The field status of additional fields.
In addition to this posting key specifies the following:
Whether line item is connected to payment transaction or not.
Whether posting is sales relevant.
Document line item fields are controlled by :
a)
G/L Account specific field status group assigned to the G/L account
while creating. (Account specific field status groups are summarized
under field status variant which is assigned to company code) If the
document is posted to a sub ledger a/c, the field status group of the
reconciliation a/c is used.
b)
Posting key specific field status group.
(The field status HIDE cannot be combined with the field status REQUIRED entry
which causes an error.)
Document type does not have default posting key or vise versa. For each FI
transaction (E.g. Invoice, Credit memo, Out going payment) you can define a
document type and default posting key at:
IMG:FI A/cing>F.A.Global Settings>Document>Default values for document
processing>Default values.
(E.g. When posting outgoing invoices, you use the document type "DR" and
posting key "01". You can store these specifications in the system. They
are proposed by the system when you call up the corresponding
transaction).
POSTING PERIODS
IMG: FI.A/cing> F.A.Global settings>Document>Posting Periods> Open and close
posting periods.
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The SAP system automatically determines the posting period and fiscal year
based on the posting date entered. (Only special period needs to be manually
changed)
The posting period variant is assigned to the company code.
Posting periods are defined in the fiscal year variant, Closing/opening posting
period are carried out in posting period variant.
The posting period variant must contain at least the account type +.
During year closing, two period intervals (Normal and special periods) must be
open at the same time.
In the document header, the periods assigned to the account type + are
checked with posting date, whether posting period is open for that date or
closed. At the line item level, the system checks the account type of the
posting key to ensure that the period is open for the assigned account type.
POSTING AUTHORISATION
IMG: FI.A/cing> F.A.Global settings>Document>Doc Item> Define tolerance
groups for Employees.
1)
2)
3)
The maximum amounts are defined per company code in TOLERANCE GROUP.
(This is also where the payment processing of payment differences is
controlled)
In the tolerance groups you can enter Upper limits for the following :
i)
Total amount per document. (The posting amount is the total of all
debit items or, similarly, the total of all credit items.)
ii)
Amount per customer/vendor item. (Limit is per customer, one
document with more than one customer/vendors can be entered) The
restriction does not apply to automatically created line items, for
example, during payment settlements.
iii)
Cash discount which user with this tolerance group is able to grant.
If a user is not assigned to any special tolerance group, then entries in the
tolerance group ___ (blank) are valid for them. (This is default tolerance
group)
SIMPLE DOCUMENTS
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Document header contains: Document and posting date, Doc, header text,
company code, Reference no, etc.
For each FI transaction code (E.g. Invoice, Credit memo, G/L entry F-02) you
can define a document type and default posting key. (You can over write these
default values while entering document.)
In Enjoy transactions : while entering customer/vendor Invoice/Cr.Memo
transactions Vendor/Customer (Business partner) master data can also
displayed along side the a/c name, address and bank details, and open line
items can be accessed by pressing Open Items button. Entry screen also
contains a/c balance display.
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In Enjoy transactions via Tree you can access screen variants, a/c assignment
templates and held documents at the left side of the screen.
You can enter explanatory text for line items with * in front of the text so as
to print this text in dunning notices and payment advice notes.
In customizing you can define text templates under 4 digit key, these text
templates are copied into line item when you enter the relevant key (E.g. DP =
DOWN PAYMENT). While entering 4 digit key = needs to be entered before
the key.
IMG:FI A/cing>Doc>Line Item>Define texts for line items.
POSTING CONTROL
DEFAULT VALUES
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Parameter IDs allow users to set default values for fields whose value does not
change very often, e.g. Company code, Currency.
From G/L, A/P, or A/R posting screen, using editing option you can configure
your screens for the following areas:
i)
Document entry: Users can hide irrelevant fields.
ii)
Document Display: select different display options.
ii)
Open Items: Users choose line layout displays and posting options for
processing open items.
User specific default values will be applicable through out the system.
In the system you can control whether the fiscal year/value date is proposed
when you display or change document.
Some sources of values that are defaulted by the system for document entry
are:
User Master records
Parameter memory
System Data
Account master record
Accounting functions.
2)
3)
Certain Fields in both the document header and the line items can be changed.
Document Header: Only the reference number and text fields can be changed.
Line Items: The System does not permit changes to the amount, the posting
key, the account or any other field that would affect the reconciliation of
posting.
Following information is stored by system when a document is changed :
The field that was changed, new and old value, user name who changed, time
and date of the change.
Conditions for changing a field are predefined, they are:
The posting period is still open
The line item is not yet cleared.
Line item is either a Dr. in a customer a/c or Cr. in a
vendor a/c.
The Document is not a Cr. Memo for an invoice.
The document is not a credit memo from a down payment.
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
The Payment terms are used to define: Base line date for due date calculation,
Cash discount periods, and Cash discount percentage rates.
Terms of payment (TOP) can be entered in Company code Segment, the Sales
area segment, and the Purchasing organization segment of a customer/vendor
master record.
If the invoice is created in FI or SD or MM the terms of payment is
proposed/defaulted from Company code segment, Sales area segment or
Purchasing organization segment respectively. The proposed terms from the
master data can be over written during document entry.
When you enter a vendor invoice, you can also set a fixed cash discount
amount or a cash discount percentage rate.
Credit memos can be linked to the original invoice by entering the invoice
number in the invoice reference field during document entry.
To activate the terms of payment in these non-invoice-related credit memos
enter a V in the invoice reference field during document entry.
Terms of payment enable the system to calculate a cash discount and invoice
due date.
Day limit is the calendar day to which the terms of payment are valid.
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Using block keys in line items or accounts, you can block line items or accounts
for payment or collection. These block keys can also be entered in the terms of
payment. Similarly Payment methods can also be entered in the line items,
accounts or in the terms of payment.
Base line date is the starting date the system uses to calculate the invoice due
date.
You can enter up to three cash discount periods.
An invoice can be paid over several months using an installment plan.
The system carries out the line item split automatically if installment payment
is defined the terms of payment by calculating amount due on different dates.
The cash discount amount is entered either manually or automatically by the
system using the rates in the TOP. You can still change the cash discount after
you post the invoice.
Cash discount Gross Procedure: When you clear an open item in a customer or
vendor account, the cash discount is automatically posted to the account for
Cash discount expense or Cash discount revenue. You need to define cash
discount expense / cash discount revenue accounts in the IMG configuration.
Cash discount Net Procedure: The amount posted to the expense or balance
sheet account is reduced by the cash discount amount. The same amount is
also posted to a cash discount clearing account to clear the posting. (The cash
discount clearing a/c should be managed on an open item basis.) If the amount
is paid after the cash discount deadline, the cash discount loss is posted to a
separate a/c.
Cash discount base amount is the net value or gross value including tax
(depending on country regulation), is defined in the global parameters of a
company code.
TAX
1)
2)
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4)
5)
When posting invoices, SAP allows the consideration of the following taxes.
Tax on sales and Purchases
US sales tax
Additional taxes.
Withholding tax
There are two types of taxation that can be processed in the R/3 System.
Federal/Country level
State/Jurisdictional level
SAP system provides assistance with
Calculating the amount of tax.
Posting to specified G/L accounts
Performing tax adjustments
Tax reporting
System determines taxes from:
A base amount which has discount included or excluded.
A tax code to validate or calculate the tax amount.
System supports the treatment of taxes as follows.
Checks tax amount entered or automatically calculates the
tax
Posts the tax amount to tax accounts
6)
7)
8)
9)
A Cross company code transaction involves two or more company codes in one
business transaction. System creates and posts a separate document in each
company code involved by posting to clearing accounts.
You can use RFBVOR00 to display cross-company transactions.
The tax is not distributed between the company codes according to their
expenses.
Clearing account must be defined in every company code before a crosscompany code transaction may be carried out.
The clearing accounts may be
G/L accounts
Customer account or
Vendor account.
In the configuration you must assign clearing accounts to every possible
combination of two company codes to allow cross-company code postings
between these combinations.
Posting keys must be assigned to the clearing accounts to identify their account
types.
The cross company code document number is a combination of the document
number of the first company code, the first company code number, and the
fiscal year.
Cross company code transactions can be reversed. To do this you can use the
reversal function for cross-company code transactions.
5)
You can carry out the posting with clearing transaction manually or
automatically using the automatic payment program.
6)
Clearing document usually contains no line items unless the line items cleared
belong to different business area and/or account codes.
7)
The account clearing transaction may be performed manually or
automatically using the clearing program.
8)
The automatic clearing program groups items from an account together where
they have the same entries in the following fields:
Reconciliation account number
Currency
Special G/L indicator
Five freely defined criteria from document header or line item, for
example assignment field, reference number and so on.
9)
The automatic clearing program does not clear:
Noted items
Statistical postings and certain special G/L transactions
(Down payment and BOE)
Items with withholding tax.
10)
The assignment field of a line item is filled automatically during document
entry based on the default sort indicator set in the master record. If sort
indicator is not chosen while creating master record of G/L account the
assignment field remains blank during document entry in that G/L account.
11)
Assignment field can be a combination of up to 4 fields with a maximum of 18
characters.
12)
Automatic clearing customization in IMG: Mention account type (D/K/S),
Account code range From a/c and to A/c, 5 criterion fields in header/line
item fields e.g. Assignment, Business area, Business partner etc..
13)
You enter separate criteria for each account type. You can enter an account
number interval to determine the accounts to which the criteria apply.
14)
FBKP: transaction code for configuring Automatic postings and Special G/L.
INCOMING AND OUTGOING PAYMENTS
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
There are three types of tolerance rules that define acceptable payment
differences during posting, they are:
1. Tolerance group for employees
Upper limits for posting procedures
Permitted payment differences
2. G/L account tolerance group
Permitted payment differences
3. Tolerance group for Customers/Vendors
Specifications for clearing procedures
Permitted payment differences
Specifications for posting residual items from payment
differences.
Tolerance for payment advises
The tolerance group is defined by a Group key, Company Code, and currency
2)
code.
3)
The group key is a 4 digit alphanumeric key.
4)
The Key __ (Blank) is the standard tolerance group and is required as the
minimum tolerance group.
5)
If no tolerances are assigned to Employee, Customer/Vendor masters, G/L
codes, the default tolerance group ___ (Blank) applies.
6)
The entries in the tolerance groups are always in local currency.
7)
Payment differences within Tolerances automatically posted as either cash
discount (If terms of payment permits) adjustment or unauthorized deduction.
8)
Payment differences outside tolerances processed manually.
9)
If the payment difference is immaterial, it may be processed automatically by
allowing the system to adjust the cash discount up to a certain amounts or to
write off to a special account.
10)
If the payment difference is too high to be immaterial, it must be processed
manually: The payment may be posted as:
Partial Payment
Residual payment
Can be posted to an account assigned to a reason code or written of
by manually entering a new posting item.
1)
Most of the settings for the payment program can be accessed directly through
the user side of the application.
2)
The settings are divided into the following categories:
All Company Codes
Paying Company Codes
Require minimum
configuration
changes.
Payment Method/Country
Payment Method/Company Code
Bank Selection: House banks
3)
2)
2)
Following are the main steps for running the payment programme:
a)
Maintain parameters
b)
Start proposal run
c)
Edit the proposal
d)
Start payment run
e)
Schedule printing.
Two fields identify every payment program run, they are:
Run date
Identification
I)
Parameters
Posting date
Documents entered yup to (For payment)
Company code
Payment method (Cheque, Direct debit, Bank transfer)
Next payment date
Customer and Vendor account intervals
ii)
Proposal Run
Proposal List
Exception list
iii)
Editing the Payment proposal
IV)
Payment Run
V)
Printing Payment advices/Cheques.
DUNNING
1)
CONTROLLING
CONTROLLING AREA.
Required fields :
Name,
Cost element category (42 Asessment/43 internal activity)
ACTIVITY TYPE CREATION (E.g. S00 Senior consultant J00- junior consultant)
Required fields :
Name,
Activity unit (Hour/Liter/Kg)
Cost centre category (For which it is applicable)
Activity type category ( Manual entry manual
allocation/Indirect..)
Allocation cost element,
STATISTICAL KEY FIGURES CREATION (TELE00)
Required fields :
Name,
Unit of measurement.
& radio button for (key figure category Fixed/Totals value)
INTERNAL ORDER
Required fields :
Order type.
Short text
PROFIT CENTRE
Required fields :
NAME,
PERSON RESPONSIBLE,
PROFIT CENTRE GROUP/hierarchy.
AUTOMATIC PAYMENT PROGRAM
Configuration step of automatic payment program: 1. All company code: (A) Inter company payment relationships
(B) Company code that process the payment
(C) Cash discount amount or percentage
(D) Tolerances days for payments
(E) The customer and vendor transactions to be processed.
2. Paying company code: (A) Minimum amount for incoming and outgoing payments.
(B) Bills of exchange specification
(C) Forms for payment advice and EDI (payment advice format)
3. Payment methods /country: (A) Payment methods e.g. check, back transfer, bills of exchange etc.
(B) Master record requirements e.g. address etc.
(C) Document type for posting
(D) Currencies. If not set valid for all currencies
4. Payment method company code: (A) Minimum and maximum payment amounts
(B) Foreign payment and foreign currencies allowed
(C) Bank optimization
(D) Postal code optimization
5. Bank Selection: (A) Ranking If define the order of the various bank for payments.
(B) Amount If define the available amount in bank accounts for payment.
(C) Account
(D) Expenses / Charges: - If any charges or amount short received the
system post the amount in clearing account in case of outgoing payment
and subtracts from incoming payment in case of payment received.
(E) Value date: - This is used for cash management. If specify in how many
days payment will actually deducted from account.
6. House Bank
RUNNING PAYMENT PROGRAM
7. Maintain parameters: (A) Run Date
(B) Identification
(C) Open item selection: - It defines that document entered up to this date
include in payment run.
(D) Posting date: - this is the date on which general ledger is updated. This
is the default date from run date.
DUNNING
Process of configuration of dunning program: 1.
2.
Dunning procedure: (A) Define dunning interval reminder may be weekly, fortnightly, monthly
etc.
(B) Define no. of days is arrears after which dunning notice will be sent
(C) Grace period per line item
(D) Interest calculation indicator for calculation of dunning interest.
(E) Dunning key for dunning procedure.
Dunning levels: (A) The first dunning level included the line item grace period.
(B) If option always dun selected, the dunning notice will still printed even
not change have been made in account.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
(C) In dunning notice total account balance or item wise detail can be
print,
Expenses/ changes: (A) Dunning charges may be depending on dunning level.
(B) Dunning changes is either fixed for percentage of amount dunned
(C) You can either choose fixed or percentage for dunning charges
(D) Dunning charges are define for currency wise
Minimum amount or percentage must be specifying for dunning notice. The
dunning notice will not generate until overdue item reached up to dunning level.
Minimum amount can also be fixed for calculating interest on dunning amount.
Dunning text must be defined according to the dunning level.
Predefined form of dunning text is available in SAP
Dunning program can generate payment advice note, dunning notice and
payment form.
Environment: (A) Company code data
(B) Short field
(C) Sender detail
(D) Dunning areas
(E) Dunning key
(F) Dunning block reason
(G) Interest
(H) Dunning grouping
(I) The dunning procedure has maximum nine level of dunning excluded of
legal notice.
(J) Dunning procedure with only one dunning level are referred as payment
reminders.
(K) By assigning dunning key to certain item, can prevent this item
exceeding certain dunning level.
3. An account is only dunned if data has been changed since last dunning or
option always dun selected.
4. Editing dunning proposal: (A) For editing purpose printout can be taken for dunning list, blocked
accounts, blocked line item, dunning history and dunning statistics.
(B) If dunning proposal not used it must be deleted. Otherwise it blocked
all selected item for other dunning run.
(C) While editing proposal account can be blocked, unblocked, dunning
level can be reduce dunning data can be changed in master data.
(D) The changes in master record from proposal editing will not apply to
current run.
5. Printing dunning notices: (A) Item that is grouped together in dunning notice if company code,
dunning area and account are same.
(B) One time customer can be dunned together if they have same address.
(C) Overdue of on customer in different company code can be dunned in
one dunning notice.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
CORRESPONDENCE
Payment notice, account statement, individual correspondence, open item
list are the example of correspondence.
Correspondence type can be linked with reason code.
If you want to issue the same correspondence, entered the correspondence
type in the message-required field.
If you want to issue different type of correspondence depending on reason
code, you must select ACCORDING TO REASON CODE.
Payment notices are created according to the reason code carrying same
correspondence type. If reason codes occur with different correspondence
type, then payment notice define for tolerance group is sent.
INTEREST CALCULATION
11. If the valuation is carried out for an account, which managed in open item
management, you must define the exchange rate gain and loss account for
each reconciliation account in sub ledger accounts.
12. Foreign currencies are valuated by balance.
13. Value adjustment is made if receivable is determined to be un-collectible.
14. Regrouping is only for closing purpose. Regrouping are done though a special
program. On first day of next period these grouping are removed.
15. Balance of an account determined whether the system displays it as receivable
or payable.
16. Reconciliation account can be change in vendor/customer master record during
fiscal year. The changes will effective from the date of change of reconciliation
account.
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SCHEDULE MANAGER
STEP OF SCHEDULE MANAGER: (A) Task list
(B) Schedule
(C) Monitor
(D) Flow definition
(E) Work list
(F) Work list monitor
Advantage to Schedule Manager: (A) All jobs for period end closing located centrally
(B) Access available with authorization only
(C) Changes are immediately available and effective
TASK LIST AND MONITOR
Task list is a central store in R/3 where all task available with authorization
New task can be created in task list
Step in creating new task: (A) Collect existing process and flow definition
(B) Decide the people and their responsibility
(C) Specify the job with organization unit
(D) Review and transfer the process flow and structure into R/3
Task list can be create for all with authorization
All the other function of schedule manager depend on task list
Task list can be created in any structure
Type of task list: (A) Documentary Character example Notes
(B) Manual task in system example Transaction
(C) Background jobs example program with variant
(D) Collection of jobs example flow definitions
Task mentioned as Manual cant stat automatically e.g. period lock,
external data transfer etc.
For every task responsibility can be fixed to an individual to create transparency.
NOTE cant be schedule
Program with variant can either run immediately or schedule for future time
Schedule manager DO NOT give any information regarding completion of job
MONITOR
Through monitor, jobs process can be view along with technical and
business status of every task.
Message and results list are available on line. They disappear as soon as you
leave the screen.
Job source are available e.g. job jog, spool list etc.
The DETAIL BUTTON in monitor contains the detail summery (runtime, user,
entered parameters and application specific data such as organizational
units, periods or fiscal year) about job including messages.
DEFINATION FLOW
If several jobs execute in sequence, need to monitor sequence manually.
For jobs post simultaneously, there is no guarantee that the posting is
finished when the actual background job are complete.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
38.
39.
System selected the required data for all job on processing of first job.
System assigned a mark e.g. incorrect/not relevant/without error etc.
sequence and process next job according to the mark.
The incorrect object collected by system can process at any time.
For object containing error, need not to define new selection.
To correct the faulty object. The responsible person received the SAP Mail
for correcting and after correction job can be start from mail.
Advantage of work list: (A) Can see the flow definition
(B) Improved performance
(C) Error analysis easy.
Work list are extended flow definition,
Work list are also application specific. You cant run ASSESMENT,
DISTRIBUTION, and PERIODIC REPOSTING AND INDIRECT ACTIVITY
ALLOCATION.
40.
41.
42.
43.
While double clicking on a job, systems give the information about the
currant run.
Only information for the last run is available.
If for a job more then one person is responsible. System sends mail to all
the person. But if any one of them opens the mail, the mail will disappear
from others login.
Flow definition can itself contain flow definitions (nesting).
SOLUTION MANAGER
(A) REPORTING: - Can obtain information about status of project any time
that in blueprint, configuration or testing.
(B) ROADMAP: - To lead the implementation team step by step with
Methodology and Supporting.
11. The Road map allow: (A) Navigate the structure
(B) Filter the structure item by ROLE or Subject area
(C) Display and assigned document
(D) Print individual document or structure
(E) Search for specific item
(F) Track status and create note
(G) Create message.
12. After making initial configuration at realization phase system ready for testing.
13. Knowledge where house is a central store for all project documentation.
14. Solution manager service infrastructure provide: (A) Self service
(B) On site service
(C) Search for information or services
(D) Remote service
15. The sap support process contain following steps:(A) SAP notes search
(B) SAP notes assistance
(C) Workflow and E-mail notification
(D) Microsoft net meeting for application sharing
(E) Interface to SAP service marketplace to send support notification to SAP
active global support.
16. SAP software components can be monitored via RFCs or external agents at OS
level, non-SAP software components can be monitor via agents.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
14. Cost center category allows you to post same nature of cost in a similar cost center.
15. In customization lock indicator can be assigned to each cost center category.
COST ELEMENT
16. The chart of account contain the general ledger account belong to financial
accounting.
17. Entries in FI passed real time to cost and revenue element accounting.
18. Secondary cost element is only created in CO.
19. Secondary cost elements are used to record internal value flow like activity allocation,
assessments and settlements.
20. Primary cost elements cant be created before creation of relevant GL in FI.
21. A cost-carrying object e.g. cost center etc. required to carry primary cost element
from FI to identify the origin of the cost.
22. Secondary cost element doesnt have corresponding entries in FI.
23. Revenue element is always primary cost elements.
24. Cost element category 01 for all posting form FI and MM.
25. When processing chart of account in FI, you can specify default settings so that cost
element can be generate automatically in CO when GL is created in FI.
26. The description of cost element is as in GL. You can change the description of cost
element.
27. The secondary cost element is generated for all cost elements. The description of
secondary cost element is taken from cost element category.
ACTIVITY TYPE
28. Activity type specifies, specific activity provided by one or more cost centers within an
company.
29. Activity type defined at company code level.
30. Activity type serves as tracing factors for cost allocation.
31. When activities are allocated both quantities and cost are allocated.
32. In order to restrict the use of activity type only by certain type of cost center, cost
center category is entered in activity type master data record.
33. Maximum 8 cost center category can be entered or can make it unrestricted by
entering * .
34. Secondary cost element is stored in activity type master data as default value.
35. Activity type category is used to determine whether and how activity type is to be
allocated e.g. direct, indirect or not allocated.
36. To enable internal activity allocation you need to specify which cost center provides
which activity at what cost.
37. For direct activity allocation plan price for combination cost center/activity type is
used for this calculation.
38. You can enter plan price either manually or have it calculated by system
automatically.
39. If you set the price manually, you need to set price indicator to 3.
40. For direct activity allocation the quantity of activity to be set manually.
46 If any field of cost center, cost element and activity type changed a new master
record is created by the system automatically.
47 Due to time dependency of master datas several master record are maintained for
each individual master record.
48 Master data fields are made time dependence in customization.
49 Assignment of a cost center to a company does, a business area or to a profit center
and defined by SAP as time-dependent. This cant be reduced if posting made to cost
center.
50 Cost center assignment to the standard hierarchy area is non-time dependent field.
51 Through master data maintenance the validity period of master record can be extend
while creating new master record for extended period.
52 SKF can be change or delete through collective process.
53 Cost center and activity type can only be display or delete by collective processing.
54 Grouping of master data can be done for reporting, analysis, and planning and
allocation purpose.
55 Master data group function enables you to create hierarchical structure.
56 As many as hierarchical group can be created as per the requirement.
57 Alternative cost center hierarchy can be created by using grouping function.
58 Selection variant is used for master data selection.
59 When you create or change groups you cant create any new selection variants.
60 System performance is better for groups if they dont have the selection variants.
61 Master data are not time-based.
62 Standard hierarchy of groups can be copied adding suffix (name or date up to four
characters) to each group. The hierarchy and groups can now be saved.
28.
29.
30.
Variation function enables you to select a separate report for each element of a
groups that was generated during a selection run.
Variation function can only be used if you have activated in report definition.
Report can be saved for cost center group as extract with activated variation.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
Commitments are payment obligation that is not entered into account. They are
incurred in purchasing function in MM components.
Commitment management need to be activated in controlling is in CO.
Additionally cost center may not be locked for commitments.
DIRECT ACTIVITY ALLOCATION
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
An activity type must be created for direct activity allocation. (activity type
category type 1 = manual entry manual allocation).
Only one cost center from sender can be allocated to controlling object such as
cost center, an order, a project and so on.
Secondary cost element for direct activity allocation is category 43.
Direct activity allocation is recorded by line item as sender side and receiver side.
Cost element used for activity allocation is delivered from activity type master
data.
This cost element cant be changed in allocation transaction.
Direct activity allocation can be reposted to correct on error.
In reposting of internal activity it should be ensured that total quantity of
allocated quantity remains same.
You can repost in period which is not the same period to which document to be
adjusted belong.
Reposting create a reference in reposting document to CO source document.
PERIOD END CLOSING
ACCRUAL CALCULATION: -
1.
2.
SKF is used as tracing factor for periodic allocation like assessment and
distribution.
In the master data of SKF define: -
12.
(A) Fixed value category type 01 start updating form corresponding posting
period onward.
(B) Total value category type 02 entered only current period. Change period
to period.
SKF can also entered for an activity type on a cost center ( SKF that are activity
dependent).
40.
In a segment, cost center will allocation value based on the same rules are
combined will receiver object that have tracing factor based on same rules.
41. Several segments are grouped into a cycle.
42. A cycle can be defined for entire controlling area.
43. Separate cycle can be created for plan and actual allocation.
44. Sender rule for cycle segment are: (A) Posted amount
(B) Fixed amount
(C) Fixed price
45. Receiver rule for cycle segment are: (A) Posted amount
(B) Fixed amount
(C) Fixed price
(D) Variable portion.
46. A dependent cycle use result from previous cycle.
47. An independent cycle can be processed in parallel if they have same allocation
type.
48. Cycle can run parallel to each other only if they belong to different cycle flow
group.
49. Once processing is completed, you can check for error using the processing log.
50. Iteration indicator can be activated or deactivated in cycle header.
51. Cycle cant iterate with each other.
52. Segment can iterate with each other provided segments are from same cycle.
53. Cycle header contain: (A) Formal check: - can use to test individual cycle prior to cycle run.
(B) Object search: - using this function a search can be start for cycle object.
(C) Overview of segments: - list critical segment data, add copy delete segments
etc.
54. Segment can be short or add in cycle in line with your requirement.
ASSESMENT ALLOCATION STRUCTURE: 55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
Manual cost allows you to post primary and secondary cost manually.
Manual cost allocation does not required any customization.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
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31.
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36.
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38.
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44.
45.
46.
47.
For activity independent planning, need only one lead column for cost center.
Planner profile can define with setting for overhead cost planning, profitability
analysis and profit center accounting.
Sequence for planning: (A) Statistical key figures
(B) Activity output
(C) Price planning each cost center
(D) Primary cost planning.
Primary cost can be planned manually as well as automatically.
Automatic planning for primary cost plan periodic reposting, plan distribution,
plan accrual.
Secondary cost element can be automatically plan ( plan assessment)
Statistical key figures are used as tracing factors for periodic reposting,
distribution and assessment.
SKF use to plan: (A) Create company key figures on cost center.
(B) Provide receiver base for internal allocation.
System interprets the value entered in the entry screen as total value for the
period.
Distribution key is used to do period based distribution of the total value.
Defaulted as well as standard distribution key cant be changed.
Standard distribution key 1 used for distribute planning value evenly in all period
and standard distribution key 7 used to distribute planning value in all period by
number of calendar days.
Customer Distribution key can be defines as many as per the requirement.
Primary cost that are activity independent, can plan only the fixed costs.
Resource planning is done for planning primary cost and revenue for cost center,
IO and WBS.
If resource price are updated, system update plane price automatically.
You can choose between activity dependent and activity independent planning of
resources.
By assigning several resources to one cost element, chart of a/c can be reduce
without loosing important information for cost analysis.
In dependency planning both activity dependent and activity independent primary
cost base on value and quantities.
Formula planning lets you use calculation dependencies to plan your cost center
cost.
Formula planning support manual planning.
Formula planning template can be used in more than one cost center master data.
Planning process can be locked to prevent changes being made.
Lock indicator is available in planning version.
Planning can be locked for a combination of controlling area, fiscal year and
version.
Planning can be copy: (A) Within fiscal year, version and cost centers.
(B) Between different fiscal year, periods and version.
In revaluation planning data can be increase or decrease on a percentage bases.
Cost and amount can also be revaluating.
Revaluation can be done for all the cost elements used in the primary cost element
and revenue planning.
48.
Revaluation cant be done for assessment cost elements, input cost element and
cost element used in indirect activity allocation.
INTERNAL ORDERS (OVERHEAD ORDERS)
20. Internal order can be created only with reference to an order type
21. While assigning order type to the internal order, certain parameters transfer into
order.
22. Order type is valid for entire client.
23. Order type may also be used to group together order of similar characteristics.
24. Order type determines: (A) Whether commitments managements is active.
(B) Whether revenue postings are allowed
(C) Order status management
(D) Characteristics of master record fields
(E) General parameters for settlement, planning and budgeting
(F) Order layout
25. Cost center and overhead orders are assigned to company code and controlling
area.
26. If values are to be directly posted in profit center, profit center must be defined in
master data of internal order.
27. Plan data can also be transferred to profit center if profit center is assigned to
overhead order in master data.
28. You can designed you own screen layout assigned it to an order type.
29. Master data can have up to 5 tab pages.
30. Master data has 9 predefined group boxes.
31. You can display or hide the fields in group boxes and define them optional or
mandatory.
32. Order categories are: (A) 01 for overhead orders
(B) 02 for accruals
(C) 03 for model order
(D) 04 for CO production order
33. Status management in overhead orders inform, you that particular phase in order
life cycle has been reached and contains which business transaction.
34. Stages of status management: (A) Created
(B) Released
(A) Calculation base: - specify the cost element base to which overhead is applied
such as cost elements, source, overhead with fixed or variable cost element
only.
(B) Proportional overhead: - allow you to define the amount of overhead. It may
be percentage base overhead or quantity base overhead.
a) The dependency allows you to differentiate overhead rates or amount by
plant, company code, profit center, responsible cost center, order type, or
other criteria
b) The overhead type determines whether the overhead calculation is for
actual, plan or commitment data
(C) The credit key defines which object (cost center or internal order) is credited
to offset the debit to your overhead cost order. You also specify which cost
element should be used to post the overheads
58. Overhead cost order can be receiver of cost center activity allocation.
59. Periodic Reposting is applicable to overhead orders.
60. For settlement of an overhead order, it must be define in a segment of its life
cycle as a sender.
61. Transfer of overhead cost order to its final destination like cost center, wbs,
profitability segment is called settlement.
62. Order can settle individually or collectively.
63. External settlement is done to GL and assets (cost element type 22)
64. Internal settlement is done to object in CO ( cost element type 21)
65. Settlement of order in not mandatory.
66. Settlement rule must be defined in order master data in both the cases. (Basic
settlement and extended settlement).
67. Basic settlement: - 100% cost settle to one cost center or to one GL account under
one cost element.
68. Extended settlement: - settlement parameter is maintained in master record for
basic settlement as well as extended settlement.
69. Settlement parameter contains settlement profile, settlement structure, PA
transfer structure etc.
70. In external settlement cost can be settled to one or more receiver.
71. Settlement profile is entered in order type and having following function: (A) It determined whether settlement is required
(B) It identified a valid receiver type and entered them in as default in order
master record.
(C) It set the settlement indicators
(D) It define document management parameters
(E) It identified the default value for the other settlement parameters in master
record
72. The settlement structure controls how original cost elements are assigned to
settlement cost element.
73. You have also option to settle using the original cost element.
74. The source structure controls settlement to different receiver depending on the
original cost elements that were posted to the order.
75. Cost can be allocated to receiver on the basis of Percentage, Equivalence number
or Fixed -amount.
76. Only one allocation base can be attached with a settlement rule.
77. Distribution rule are entered in settlement rule overview screen.
78. Settlement type are: (A) PER settle only the cost for the period you specify.
(B) FUL settle all the cost on a sender object.
79. At the time of each settlement, a settlement document is created. This is required
in case of reversal of settlement.
80. Number range is defined for settlement document in customization.
81. In settlement profile the retention period is define for a settlement document.
After that data can be archived.
82. Allocation structure allows you to define which cost element should be settled
using a settlement cost element or original cost element.
83. Source structure define how much of cost element should be settled.
84. The source structure is also set in customization.
85. Source structure enables you to settle cost element to receiver using different
settlement rule.
86. Source structure can be inserted in settlement profile or activated in master date
of internal order.
87. Every line item of investment order can be settled individually.
88. Source structure are not required if all cost element settle according to the same
rule?
89. Automatic generation of settlement rule is new tools from release 4.6.
90. An automatic generation of settlement rules can always be created for one order
type.
91. Order can be settled with another order.
92. Order are settled in descending order e.g. order in top at hierarchy settled first.
93. Order once settled in a period (X) can be reversed and correctly settled in next
period (X+1).
94. The period X called settlement period and period X+1 is called posting period.
95. The settlement correction is possible for both individual and collective processing.
PLANNING V/S BUDGETING (INTERNAL ORDER)
96. Methods of internal order planning:(A) Overall planning: - planning for an order on annual bases.
(B) Primary and secondary costs and revenue planning: - Applicable detail
information is available for an internal order. This could be manual or
automatic.
(C) Unit costing: - If detail information available about source of supply,
quantities, and price.
(D) Statistical key figures: - SKF can be plan and use them as a base of allocation.
97. A planning profile is to be created for overall planning and assigned it to order
type.
98. Within the planning profile you can specify whether planning is for yearly or overall
bases.
99. Only those cost center, cost element, activity type and SKF can be taken into the
account during planning if they are in groups and stored in the planning profile.
100. Internal order can be planned in multiple versions.
101. When controlling area is created system by default create version 000 with a
validity of 5 fiscal years when actual cost are planned.
102. Two indicators must be set for integrated planning in the version: -
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
(A) Integrated planning: -If planning data is passed on to profit center and special
GL, this indicator must be on.
(B) Integrated planning with cost center/business processes: - If cost center
accounting and activity based accounting is include in planning, this indicators
must be active in plan version.
Actual as well as plan value can be copied from internal order to plan version.
A budget profile must be created and must be assigned it to an order type before
creating budget for an internal order.
Number range 04 must be defined in customizing for budget document.
Tolerance limits are defined in budget profile.
On exceeding the budget limits system display warning, send warning through Email to responsible person or display error massage. The document cause
exceeding the budget cant be post.
If information required through E-mail, budget managers must be defined in
budget profile for each order type and object class in customization. If not define,
system display error message.
Budget can be carry forward to next fiscal year. Also budget can returned to old
fiscal year up to the amount of budget actually carried forwarded.
Budget those mark with completion or for that all flag deleted cant be carry
forward. Also negative budget cant be carry forward.
Commitments are not taken into account while calculating unused funds.
Budget can be entered in different currency, they are converted and saved.
In order type or project profile, we define the currency for budget profile.
POFIT CENER ACCOUNTING
CREATION OF CONTROLLING AREA: 1. Before creating profit center standard hierarchy must be define at controlling area.
2. While creating standard hierarchy profit center DUMMY must entered.
3. Elimination of Internal Business ensured that transaction between same profit center
(cost center, internal order), which are assigned to the same profit center.
4. Currency for the controlling area must be select. The currency may be: (A) Controlling area currency (currency type 20)
(B) Group currency (currency type 30)
(C) Profit center currency (currency type 90
5. If you want to store data in transaction currency, must select STORE TRANSACTION
CURRENCY.
6. To valued the stock and goods movement, you must choose: (A) Legal view: - Valuation method is same as in company code.
(B) Group view: - The methods which are using by group companies.
(C) Profit center view: -In this method you can show the internal revenue in PCA
7. Control indicator shows the beginning of the fiscal year. If it is not set, no data will
post in profit center.
8. Distribution method defines which data store in which system.
9. Profit center accounting can define into area of responsibility for profit: (A) Geographical profit
(B) Product design wise
(C) Functional division
36. Generally, posting of cost and revenue to PCA are based on assignment of sales
order/production orders and cost object. Overheads cost is based the assignment of
the account assignment object in overhead management (cost center/internal order
etc.) to profit centers.
37. Cost objects are used in product cost accounting to collect and store cost which
cant be assigned to object to a lower level (orders, projects or cost centers).
However in certain circumstances, you may need to assigned cost object to a profit
center. The assignment logic used here the same that used for assignment cost
centre.
38. Cost object menu contains the general cost object as well as the cost object for
process manufacturing.
39. Project structure includes: (A) Work Break Down Structure(WBS)
(B) Network Header
(C) Network Activities
40. If profit center are not assigned to WBS, then system post data in Dummy profit
center.
41. If profit center is not assigned to network header, then it will take profit center
from WBS.
42. If profit center in not assigned to network activities than it will take profit center
from network header. If it doesnt found profit center on this stage, it will take from
WBS.
43. Assignment monitor is a place where you can check all the assignment (order,
business process, cost center, cost object, material and WBS) made to a profit
center. It also supports you to change any of them or all.
44. You can directly go to the different assignment from monitor such as material
menu/order menu/cost object menu etc.
45. An incorrect assignment leads to incorrect posting in profit center accounting which
is very difficult to correct.
ACTUAL DATA
1. System determine the profit center by two methods: (A) Dynamically: - Take only current assignment profit center.
(B) Indirectly: - take from preceding document.
2. System determine the profit center in following step: (A) If substitution has been set in FI or CO, system take profit center from
substitution.
(B) If data transfer in cost or revenue account, profit center always determined
from master record of real order.
(C) If data transfer to profit center from balance sheet or profit & loss account
and profit center set, then system take profit center from derivation rule.
(D) If data transfer from profit and loss account and which affect the logistic
process and no profit center is set, then profit center is DUMMY taken by
system.
3. If selected B/S item are analysis at profit center, then profit center become an
investment center.
4. Balance Sheet item is transfer to profit center at period end closing in real time
except account payable/receivable.
5. WIP/assets and stock including finished/semi finished and raw material can be
transfer to profit center in real time.
6. Account, which you want to transfer to profit center, set in customizing. After
setting account, opening balances from source system to be transfer. Then only you
can post a line data to profit center.
7. At the year ends closing balance to be transfer balance sheet item to next year.
8. While running periodic processing, system overwrite the corresponding data if
already exists.
9. Balance sheet item can be transfer online or periodically to profit center.
10. If profit center managed in line item bases. Systems update every document with
corresponding FI document in profit center.
11. In case of without account base profitability analysis then system update profit
center as reconciliation object.
12. The reconciliation object is a combination of company code, business area and profit
center.
13. Assets are posted in profit center via internal order and cost center.
14. System delete previous transfer every time you run periodic posting.
15. In case purchase order to warehouse, the system takes profit center from material
master per purchase order item.
16. Profit center in goods receipt always from preceding documents i.e. PO.
17. Price difference is posted in profit center of the material purchased (provided PO is
not assigned to profit center).
18. Primary posting are posted to profit center using same Cost elements through CO
object.
19. Statistical key figure also posted in PCA though account assignment object (cost
center, cost center/activity types, orders, cost objects, network, WBS elements,
Sales Documents).
20. All the secondary transfers between CO objects are selected and represented in the
assigned Profit Center (e.g. utilization of cost center services for a production
order)
21. While reposting and allocation following record update in profit center: (A) Profit center of crediting account object is credited using the same cost
element, and the profit center of the object to be debited is used as the
partner profit center
(B) In addition, the profit center of the receiver is debited using the same cost
element, and the profit center of the sender is used as the partner profit
center.
22. Profit center of sale order transfer to delivery note and then to billing documents.
23. The profit center is assigned at the item level of sale order.
24. If cost of sale account is activated for a company code function area is determined
when profit and loss account posting are made.
25. No functional area is determined when posting are made to balance sheet accounts
or statistical key figures in controlling.
26. If service profit center or allocation center is created in a profit center hierarchy,
you must need to assess or distribute cost again in profit center accounting.
27. In certain circumstances it may also necessary to allocate revenue and sale
deduction in profit center accounting.
28. Assessment and distribution of data in profit center must be done after closing
activity of all application which supplied data to profit center.
29. Assessment and distribution work in the same way as in overhead management, but
affect only PCA posting only.
30. Once you have activated the function for carrying balances forward to PCA in
customizing, the system performs it automatically for all postings which are
transferred from FI or entered manually in PCA.
TRANSFER PRICE
1. Transfer price is applicable only within tow-company code.
2. Different views of transfer price: (A) Transfer price for group point of view: - Group cost of goods manufactured.
(B) From profit center point view: - Moving average price
(C) From legal point view: - Sale and purchase price
3. For cross company code transfer between profit centers, you must define the price
from legal profit center viewpoint in sales & distribution.
4. For the purpose of parallel valuation is R/3, the corporate group is represented by
the controlling area.
PLANNING PROFILE
13. Planning profile is used to control planning process.
14. You can make plan using planning layout if you work with a planner profile.
15. A planner profile contain default parameter for manual planning: (A) Planning layout
(B) Default value for distribution key
(C) Planning documents type
(D) Default value for variables in planning layouts.
16. Defaults parameters in planner profile can be overwrite before locking planning
profile.
17. By assigning authorization group to planner profile, you can control what objects
your user is authorization to process.
18. Profit center planning is start from business planning. Generally a span of one fiscal
year.
19. Profit Center planning contain: (A) Sales planning
(B) Master production schedule
(C) Cost plan
(D) Revenue plan
FORMULA PLANNING
30. Formula planning support manual planning and allow user to utilized mathematical
dependencies to plan cost / revenues balance sheet account SKF for your Profit
center.
31. A template can be define for different mathematical formula relationship and can be
used in different profit center.
32. Template can be assigned to a profit center in the master data maintenance.
33. A template is evaluated for a profit center or profit center group by company code
34. Through collective processing, template can be assigned to profit center master
record.
35. Creation of Templates for formula planning of profit center can be done in profit
center accounting environment.
COPY PLAN
36. Copy plan function allows you to copying existing transaction data as a basis for new
plan.
37. You can revaluate the selected source data both in term of amount and qty.
38. While copying plan. We need to specify whether system should overwrite the
existing data in target plan or added the new data.
39. Plan data from on company code for a fiscal year can be copied to another company
code.
PLAN ALLOCATION
40. Plan closing contain: - (A) Allocation (B) Distribution.
41. Assessment and distribution must be start after closing of all activity which affects
the profit center accounting.
42. In profit center accounting data can be allocated within one company code.
43. Assessment and distribution cycle must be assigned to one company code only.
44. Allocation and distribution help you to transfer plan data/actual data from one
profit center to another profit center.