UNIT 1

Case Presentation
60.1

60.2
1.
5.
8.
2.
3.
4.

6.

9.
7.

write the abbreviations in words. Look at A and C opposite and at Appendix II on page
131 to help you
c/o
= Complained of
2/52 = Two weeks
PH
= Past medical history
FH
= Family History
MI
= Myocardial Infection
BP
= Blood Pressure
1/12 = One month
Nil
= nothing
SH
= Social History
a&w = Alive and Well
OE
= On Examination
CXR = Chest X ray

put the sections of a short informal case presentation in the Correct order. Look at A
oppsite to help you.
Mr.collins is a 60 years old security guard
he presented with a six week history of pain in the legs
the pain which was located around the ankels, had been increasing in intensity and was
associated with local tenderness
there was no relevant previous medical history
he smokes 20 cigarettes per day and drinks 15-20 units alcohol each week
on examination, there was marked tenderness aroud the lower legs above the ankles and
knees. There were crackels at the left bace poteriorly in the chest. There was nothing else
abnormal to find on examination except for clubbing of fingers
chest X-ray showed consolidation in the left lower lobe. Bronchoscopy and biopsy showed
adenocarcinoma of the lung and computed tomography (CT) scan showed that this was not
resectable.
on routine questioning, he said that he had had a morning cough with small amounts of white
sputum for many yearss. He produced, once, some streaks of blood in the sputum.
treatment with chemotherapy has resulted in temporary improvament in the chest X-raybut
the leg pain has continued to prove difficult to control.

60.3

Read the presentation below and make notes for a slide. Look at C opposite to help you.
Mr McNamara 63, Taxi driver
c/o
Shortness of breath 3/12 ; ankle swelling 3/12 ;
Chronic cough with purulent sputum & occational haemoptysis
PH
Partial gastrectomy in 1980
OE
Pale;apyrexial;leg odema but no clubbing or lymphadenopathy;
Palpable liver 5 cm below costal.smooth and non tender;scar
From previous operation
CXR Normal

UNIT 2
Conference presentations
59.1 Here are some extracts from a presentation on carbon monoxide poisoning. After
announching his topic, the speaker talked about the phatophysiology of CO poisoning, then the
possible sources of the gas, and finally diagnosis and treatment. Put the extracts in the correct
order.
1. Id like to tell you about some of our experiences in relation to carbon monoxide
poisoning.
2. On the slide here, youll see that there are a variety of sources of carbon monoxide, such
as car exhausts, fres, and so on.
3. First of all, I want to concetrate on smoke from fres as one of the most important sources
of carbon monoxide.
4. Now, in relation to the treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning, 100 per cent oxygen
administered through a tight-fitting face mask or endotracheal tube is essential.
5. How do we diagnose it? The early clinical appearances of carbon monoxide poisoning
can be very non-specific.
6. The only accurate way of detecting whether the patient has been exposed to carbon
monoxide is to measure carboxyhaemoglobin in, usually, the venous blood.
7. Now, you will remember that carbon monoxide strongly binds with haemoglobin to
produce carboxyhaemoglobin.
8. I think its important to emphasize that the presence of cherry-red mucous membranes is
a very, very poor sign.
9. There is, however, no evidence at all that giving steroids in pharmacological does is of
any proven prophylactic value.
10. So, the actual diagnosis of the condition can be very difficult.

59.2 Write the word or phrase used by the speaker in the presentation in 59.1 above next to its
function. Look at B, C, and D opposite to help you.
Emphasizing
(8). I thinks its important to emphasize that the
presence of cherry-red mucous membranes is a very,
very poor sign
Listing
(3). First of all, I want to concetrate on smoke from fres
as one of the most important sources of carbon
monoxide.
Exemplifying

(2) On the slide here, youll see that there are a variety
of sources of carbon monoxide, such as car exhausts,
fres, and so on.

Contrasting

(9) There is, however, no evidence at all that giving

steroids in pharmacological does is of any proven
prophylactic value.

Summing up

(10) So, the actual diagnosis of the condition can be very

difficult.

Changing topic

-(4) Now, in relation to the treatment of carbon

monoxide poisoning, 100 per cent oxygen administered
through a tight-fitting face mask or endotracheal tube is
essential.
-(7) Now, you will remember that carbon monoxide
strongly binds with haemoglobin to produce
carboxyhaemoglobin.
(2) On the slide here, youll see that there are a variety
of sources of carbon monoxide, such as car exhausts,
fres, and so on.

Referring to a slide

Announcing the topic

(5) How do we diagnose it? The early clinical

appearances of carbon monoxide poisoning can be very
non-specific.

UNIT 3

Abstracts
58.1 Complete the sentences. Look at B opposite to help you.
1.
The OBJECTIVE is the aim or purpose of the research.
2.
The SETTING is the location-the country, or part of a country (e.g. a hospital,
school, etc.).
3.
The SUBJECTS are the people that the researches studied.
4.
An OUTCOMEW is a result.
5.
The DESIGN is the type of study, for example randomized controlled trial.
58.2 Answer the question about the abstract in B opposite.
1. Who took part in the study ?
The subjects who took part in the study was past employees of Shell Oil who
retired ages 55, 60, and 65 between 1 January 1973 and 31 December 2003.
2. What was the aim of the study ?
The aim of the study was to asses whether early retirement is associated with
better survival.
3. Where was it carried out ?
It was carried out in United States.
4. What did they measure ?
They measured hazard ratio of death adjusted for sex, year of entry to study, and
socioeconomic status.
5. What type of study was it ?
Type of study was long term prospective cohort study.
6. According to this study, does retiring early prolong life ? no, it doesnt.
58. 3 The sections of the abstract below are in the wrong order, and the headings have been
removed.Decide the correct order, and give each section a title from B oppsite. The correct
order :
1) Objective : To describe the incidence {...} of wheezing illness from birth to age 33 and
the relation of incidence to perinatal, medical, social, enviromental, and lifestyle factors.
2) Design : Prospective longitudinal study.
3) Setting : England, Scotland, and Wales.
4) Subjects : 18,559 people born on 3-9 March 1958. 5801 (31%) contributed information
ages 7, 11, 16, 23, and 33 years.
5) Main outcome measure : History of asthma , wheezy bronchitis, or wheezing obtained
from interview with subjects parents at ages 7, 11, and 16 and reported at interview by
subjects at ages 23 and 33.
6) Results : The cummulative incidence of wheezing illness was 18% by age 7, 24% by age
16%, and 43% by age 33. Incidence during childhood was strongly and independently

associated with pneumonia, hay fever, and eczema. {...} Incidence from age 17 to 33 was
associated strongly with active cigarette smoking and a history of hay fever.
7) Conclusions : Atopy and active cigarette smoking are major influence on the incidence
and reccurence of wheezing during adulthood.
58.4 Some journals use different headings to those in the BMJ. Match the headings (1-5) to the
corresponding BMJ headings (a-e).
1.
Findings = d. Results
2.
Purpose = b. Objective
3.
Background = a. Introduction
4.
Interpretation = e. Conclusions
5.
Participants = c. Subjects

Unit 4
57.1 read the eight extrac from an article in the British Medical Journal entitle Paternal
age and schizophrenia: a population based cohort study. Decide which section of the
article each extract comes from. There are two extract from each of the four section. Look at
Unit 46 again if you need more help.
Using a large Swedish record linkage database, we investigated the association between
paternal age and schizophrenia in offspring. We use coxs proportional hazards models
toassess the influence of paternal age on psychosis. Our cohort comprised 754.330 people
born in Sweden between 1973 and 1980 and still alive and resident in Sweden at the age 0f
16 years. There is growing evidence that factors operating at different points in life contribute
to an individuals risk of developing schizophrenia. Table 1 shows the characteristics of
subject in relation to the age of their father. People with older father were more likely to lose
their parent before they reached the age of 18 years. Our finding confirm association between
increased paternal age and schizophrenia in offspring, which remained even after we
controlled for a wide range of potential confounding factors. The main limitation of our
analysis is that case ascertainment was based on people admitted to hospital only with
diagnoses recorded on an administrative database.
57.2 look at the research questions (1-4) and write a statement of the objective of each study,
using an appropriate form of the verb in brackets. Look at B opposite to help you.
1. We assessed wheter calcium and vitamin D suplementation can reduce the risk of fracture
in post menopausai women.
2. The aim of our study was to determine wheter the way doctor dress influence patients
confidence and trust in them.
3. This study evaluated the risk of herpes virus 8 (HHV-8) transmission by blood
tranfussion.

4. We investigate the association between never being married and increased risk of death.
57.3 now write a sentence about the main finding in each of the studies in 57.2 above,assuming a
result as shown in brackets below. Look at C opposites to help you.
1. This study failed to show that calcium and vitamin D suplementation can reduce the risk
of fracture.
2. We have shown that the way doctor dress influence patients confidence and trust in
them.
3. Our study confirmed that there is a risk of herpes virus (HHV-8) transmission by blood
transfussion.
4. The result suggest that there is an association between never being married and increased
risk of death.

UNIT 5
Data Presentation 2
56.1 Complete the table with words from A opposite. Put a stress mark in front of the stressed
syllable of two-syllable words. The first on has been done for you.
Verb
Noun
Decrease
Drop
Fall
Increase
Rise

decrease
Drop
Fall
Increase
Rise

56.2 Choose the correct words to complete the description of the bar chart. Look at A and C
opposite to help you.
Figure ^ shows that the overall number of cases of HIV (1) dropped yearly until 1988, then (2)
rose (3) gradually. Cases in heterosexual men and women (4) increased (5) steadily, especially
for people exposed abroad. The number of infected people injecting drugs
(6) fell after (7)
reaching a peak in 1987. This may be because of the development of needle exchange schemes.
Mother-to-infant transmission (8) accounted for a small number of cases. Careful management
of labour greatly reduced the number in the late 1990s.

56.3 Which type of graph would best represent the following data?
1. Birth rates in the UK from 1980 to 2010 : line graph/bar chart

2. Incapacity due to five different cause from 1995 to 2005 : bar chart
3. Sources of ionizing radiation in the UK : pie chart

Unit 6
Data presentation 1
55.1 complete the description of the data in the table. Look at A and B opposite to help you.
Table 1 shows trends in the frequency of hospital admission for perforated peptic ulcer in the United
Kingdom. It is with changes in the annual prescription rates for non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
For women over 65 the annual number of prescription increased three fold from 1967 to 1982, during
which rates of perforation of duodenal ulcers doubled for those aged 65 to 74 and more than tripled for
those aged 75 and over. For men over 65 prescriptions showed a similar increse. Although perforation
rates were actually lower for those aged 65 to 74 in 1982 there was a double increase in those aged 75
and above.
55.2 the data in the table is adapted from an articel entitled alcohol drinking in middle age. Choose the
correct words to complete the description below. Look at C opposites to help you.
Only 54, or less than 20%, of the non-drinkers smoked compared with 204, or almost 70% of the frequent
drinkers 41 or just . Under 14% of the non-drinkers had had a myocardial infraction at the end of the
follow up period compared with 54 or over 18% of frequent drinkers. At the end of follow up period
about 90% in all three groups had no cognitive impairment. There was mild impairment in around 8% of
the non-drinkers and in 7% of the frequent drinkers but in less than 4% of the infrequent drinkers 14% or
approximately 5% of the non-drinkers had dementia, while 17 or 4% of the infrequent drinkers and
nearly 6% of the frequent drinkers had dementia.

Unit 7
Blood
15.1 Find words in the box with opposite meanings. Look at B and C opposite to help you.
Adequate
x
inadequate

Against
Unlikely
Severe
Rare
Sudden

x
x
x
x
x

for
likely
mild
common
insidious

15.2 Make word combination using a word from each box. Look at B and C opposite to help you.
Bone
->
marrow
Differential ->
diagnosis
Insidious
->
onset
Iron
->
deficiency
Pernicious
->
anaemia
Progressively ->
increasing
Vibration
->
sense
15.3 Complete the sentences. Look at A,B and C opposite to help you.
1. A 39-year-old man presented with a history of chronic abdominal distension over a period of
six month.
2. Blindness may be caused by vitamin A deficiency.
3. The bleeding and purpura are caused by abnormal blood function.
4. The white cell count is normal so we can breakdown acute leukemia.
5. The yellow colour of her skin and conjunctivae is probably due to pallor and mild jaundice.
6. There was a liver mass in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen.
7. Treatment is aimed at restoring fluid balance with adequate intravenous fluids.
8. The anaemia may be due to increased red cell destruction.
15.4 Complete the conversation. Look at C opposite to help you.
Professor
: What is against the diagnosis of pernicious anaemia on physical examination?
Student
: The problem started quite suddenly. So it didnt have the typical (1)onset. He
doesnt have any skin (2)pallor and he doesnt have (3)symmetrical paraesthesiae,
or absent (4)vibration sense, and I couldnt fell his spleen.
Professor
: What about his tongue?
Student
: His tongue was normal and not inflamed or (5)sore.

UNIT 27
Mechanics of Breathing
3.1

read the following text and list all the muscles mentioned
(a) diaphragm

(b) external intercostals muscle

(c) scalene muscle
3.2

which muscles are being described in the following

(a) they elevate the first two ribs = scalene muscle
(b) it is inserted into the lower ribs = diaphragm
(c) it is dome shaped = diaphragm
(d) they cause flaring of the nostrils = scalene muscle

3.3

say whether the following statements are true or false

(a) when the diaphragm contracts the vertical dimension of the chest cavity increases.(T)
(b) when the diaphragm contracts the rib margins are raised and moved out (F)
(c) expiration is not active during quiet breathing (T)

3.4

find words in the text that mean the opposite of

(a) take out ><
take in
(b) lower
><
upper
(c) increase ><
decrease
(d) breathe out ><
breath in
(e) posterior ><
anterior
(f) contract
><
expand
(g) passive
><
active

3.5

make seven pairs of synonyms from the following list:

fall
= drop , decline , lapse , collapse ,breakdown , tumble , degradation
raise
= lift , upraise , elevate , erect , uplift , up heave ,boost
affect
= influence , sway , impress , alter , modify , change , transform
breathe out
= exhale , expire , give forth , emanate , give out
occur
= come , happen , pass , transpire , befall , betide ,come about , develop
influence
= change , modify , control , regulate , rule , affect , impact
decrease
= reduce , lower , compress , contract ,degenerate , sink , shrink
elevate
= lift , upraise , raise , erect , uplift , up heave ,boost
take place
= come , happen , pass , occur , befall , betide ,come about , develop
expire
= exhale , breathe out , give forth , emanate , give out
forced
= compelled , coerced , constrained , compulsory , contrived , labored
external
= outer , outside , exterior , surface , superficial , outward , apparent
involuntary = unintentional . accidental , automatic , not controlled ,not by
choice
outside
= external , outer , exterior , surface , superficial , outward , apparent

3.6 make six correct sentences by matching the information in the two lists below

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

When the intercostal muscles contract (b) the ribs are forced upward and
forward
When the intercostals muscles are paralyzed (f) breathing is not seriously affected
When breathing is quiet (a) expiration is passive
When the diaphragm is paralyzed (c) is moved up not down
When breathing is normal (e) the level of the diaphragm moves 3 cm
When the diaphragm is contract (d) the rib margins move upward and out

3.7 which of the sentences in the previous exercise could continue in one of the following ways?
(a) as a result there is an increase in the transverse diameter of the thorax = 6 (d)
(b) as a result of the fall in intrathoracic pressure = 4 (c)
(c) as a result, the lateral diameter of the thorax increases = 1 (b)
(d) as a result of the effectiveness of the diaphragm = 5 (e)
3.8 which of the two result expresions above means consenquently and which means
because?
Consequently = (a) & (c)
Because = (b) & (d)
3.9 make as manny sentences as you can using the jumbled information in columns A,B, and C
The sternomastoids raise the sternum
The scalene muscles elevate`the first two ribs
The intercostals muscles connect adjacent ribs
The intercostals nerves supply the intercostals muscles
The phrenic nerve supply the diaphragm
The alae nasi cause flaring of the nostrils
The contraction of the diaphragm force the abdominal contents downward and upward

3.10 complete the following table

Cause
Rib margins lifted and moved out
Diaphragm is paralysed
Forced inspiration and expiration
Intercostals muscles contract
Bucket handle movement of ribs

Effect
Diaphragm contract
Diaphragm moves up
Moved up to 10 cm
Increase in lateral and anteroposterior diameter of thorax
Lateral dimension increased

Unit 28
Structure And Function Of The Lungs
4.1 The functions of the lung which are mentioned in the paragraph are :
TO EXCHANGE GAS
TO ALLOW OXYGEN TO MOVE FROM THE AIR INTO THE VENOUS BLOOD AND
CARBON DIOXIDE TO MOVE OUT.
TO FILTER TOXIC MATERIALS FROM THE CIRCULATION
TO METABOLIZE SOME COMPOUNDS
TO ACT AS A RESEVOIR FOR BLOOD
4.2 The most important functioni of the lung is? TO EXCHANGE GAS.
4.3 Two words mean most important in the paragraph are :

PRIME

Cardinal
4.4 The following word that I think will occur in the next paragraph is WATER.
4.5 In the second paragraph, a word which means something like interface is BARRIER.
4.6TIhere is the first sentence of the next pharagraph; it is a question. Can you suggest an
answer.
I SUGGEST THAT BY WRAPPING THE TISSUE WHERE THE GAS EXCHANGE OCCURS
INTO SPHERED-SHAPE will make it possible to obtain such a large surface area for difussion
inside the limited thoracic activity.
4.7 Match the numbers with what they refer to :

1/100 square metres : internal surface area of a single sphere

4 litres : volume of alveoli ( if they were spheres)

85 square metres : total surface of alveoli (if spherical)

1/3 milimetres : diameter of alveoli

300 milion : alveoli in the lung

4.8 Words mean something very large (number of area)

Vast

Spacious

Prodigious

4.9 I think the main topic the next paragraph will be about AIRWAYS.
4.10 put the following statements in the right order
This is the right order of the statements :
1.
The trachea divides into right and left maun bronchi.
2.
The bronchi divide into lobar bronchi.
3.
The bronchi divide into segmental bronchi.
4.
The terminal bronchioles divide into respiratory bronchioles.
4.11 read the last paragraph and answer this question:
What is the volume of the respiratory zone?
The volume of respiratory zone is thealveolated region of the lung where the gas exhcange
occurs
4.12 make pairs of words with a similar meaning from the following list:
Pairs of words with a similiar meaning :
1.
Produce = Form
2.
Enormous = Prodigious
3.
Region=Zone
4.
Prime=Cardinal
5.
Generate=Constitute
6.
Myriad=Millions
7.
Act=Function
8.
Interface=Barrier
9.
Occur=Take Place

Unit 29
Diphtheria
7.1 read the following four paragraphs and label them using the words: etiology, symptoms,
complications, treatment

a) the toxin can be neutralized with a specific antitoxin; in many countries diphtheria has been
reduced by routine immunization of children. The Shchik test is a minute injection of toxin into
the skin. If the subject is immune, the dose is promptly neutralized.(treatment)
b) the membrane (if it is around the entrance to the trachea)may obstruct the airway. Another
possibility is poisoning by toxins. The commonest effects are defective function of heart muscle
or of the kidneys. There is also the possibility of localized paralysis resembling poliomyelitis.
(complications)
c) the disease is contracted either from a patient or from a carrier who harbors the bacteria, by
air-borne infection from coughs and sneezes. A few cases have been traced to infected milk.
(etiology)
d) within a week, the patient develops fever and sore throat. The typical sign is a soft crust
(membrane, pseudomembrane) that forms over the affected mucous membrane. The inflamed
tissues are swollen and painful; the lymph nodes at the sides of the neck are commonly involved.
(symptoms)
7.2 to which of the paragraphs above would you add the following items?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)

It is important to immunize all children (treatment)

The incubation periods about 3 days (etiology)
The diphtheria toxin is particularly poisonous to the heart (complications)
The child becomes ill and pale-looking (symptom)
Wounds may also be infected (complications)
The temperature is raised to 99 or 101 (symptom)
The onset is not sudden but insidious (symptom)
It may be contracted from direct contact.(etiology)

7.3 say whether the following are true or false:

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

Infected milk is commonly a cause of diphtheria (false)

Localized paralysis may result from diphtheria (true)
The lymph nodes are rarely affected (false)
The affected mucous membrane is usually covered by a soft crust (true)
A dose of toxin is quickly neutralized if the patient is immune (true)

7.4 find word in the text (including exercise 7.2) which mean:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)

Very small minute

Normal, common typical
Quickly promptly
Faulty, imperfect defective
Similar to resembling
Gradual, slow insidious

g) Person being treated, patient children

h) Phase period
7.5 in the following sentences choose the appropriate word from the words given in brackets:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

The disease is contracted from a patient.

Within a week the patient develops fever
The Schick test is a minute injection of toxin
Diphtheria may lead to paralysis of the eyes.
A soft crust from over the defective membrane.

7.6 (a) Fill in the gaps in the following text and (b) make a note of any information not given in
the previous text. How many new items of information can you find?
Diphtheria infection is essentially a local condition in the trachea which flares up
rapidly. Because the membrane (if it is around the entrance to the trachea) holds the disease
at bay. antitoxin are not necessarily expecting it where they see an early sore throat. DPT
(Diphteria,Pertusis,Tetanus) has been provided by a triple vaccine combining immunization
against diphtheria, tetanus and whooping cough.diphtheria differ in intensity from a mild form
resembling nothing worse pseudomembran a catrrhal-type sore throat, to those in which a rapid
spread of air borne the throat includes an eruption of grey-white pustules. Death can happen
within 2 or 3 days in intractable cases ... from a rapid extension of the membrane of the throat
over the air passage to the lung producing asphyxia, or from sudden heart failure caused by the
toxins secreted during infection. The disease is miokard

Unit 30
Mumps and influenza compared
9.2 complete the table below by ticking () the appropriate box.

9.3

NO.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Sign, Symptoms
Onset sudden
Prostration
Headache
Anxiety
Fever
Anorexia
Sore throat
Sweating
Chilly sensation
Swallowing painful

Mumps

Flu

looking only at the

table above, fill in the
blanks in the following

sentence. Use only one word.

a. The onset in influenza is usually sudden.
b. Pain on chewing or swallowing is the first symptoms of parotitis.
c. Flu is accompanied by a feeling of prostration.
d. Both mumps and influenza are accompanied by fever
9.4 make true/false statements based on the table above.
1. Sweating is the production of a fluid consisting primarily of water as well as various
dissolved solids. (T)
2. Anxiety is a non-psychological. (F) Anxiety is a psychological state (T)
3. Prostration is the placement of the body in a reverentially or submissively prone position. (T)
4. Headache is pain anywhere in the region of the head or neck. (T)
5. When you are in fever , your temperature is decrease. (F) When you are in fever , your
temperature is increase. (T)
9.5 match the words in list (a) below with their definition in (b).
Prominent = easily seen or felt
Prostration = make worse
Parotid = near the ear
Malaise = general feeling of illness
Exudate = ooze liquid
Subside = become less, return to normal

Cessation = when something stop

Aggravate = extreme exhaustion
Acute = severe
Febrile = relating to fever

9.6 make nouns from the following verbs:

Swell swelling
Enlarge enlargement
Inflame inflamation
Occur occurring
Involve involvement
Cease stop
9.7 match the adjective in list (a) below with the appropriate noun in (b). make as many
combination as you can.
Chilly+sensation, chilly+liquid
Low+fever, low+case
Mild+symptoms, mild+fever, mild+sensation, mild+skin, mild+case, mild+disease
Acid+liquid. Shiny+skin. Tender+sensation, tender+skin
Prominent+symptoms, prominent+throat, prominent+sensation, prominent+gland,
prominent+case, prominent+disease
Moderate+symptoms, moderate+fever, moderate+case, moderate+disease
Sore+symptoms, sore+sensation, sore+case, sore+disease
9.8 underline the word which is different from the others
Usually, frequently, rarely, often
Slight, acute, mild, moderate
Incubation, onset, inoculation, prodormal ;/..
Prominent, pronounced, marked, slight
Subside, continue, cease, withdraw
9.9 make complete sentence by combining items from list (a) with list (b).
The onset is sudden and often marked by chilly sensation
Pain on chewing or swallowing is the eraliest symptom of parotitis
Symptoms in the respiratory tract are usually moderate with sore throat
The skin over the gland may become tense and shiny
Constitutional symptoms are prominent and consist chiefly of prostration, generalized
pain and anorexia.

SECTION 2:

STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION

STRUCTURE
1. Political demonstrations on America campuses have abated D. since 1970
2. Ancient civilizations such as those of the Phoenicians and the Mesopotamians C. used to
trade goods rather than use money.
3. Justice Sandra Day OConnor was B. the first woman to serve on the U.S Supreme Court.
4. North Carolina is well known not only for the Great Smoky Mountains National Park C.
but also for he Cherokee Indian settlements.
5. General Grant had General Lee C. meet him at Appomattox to sign the official surrender
of the Confederate forces.
6. If a ruby is heated it B. will temporarily lose its color.
7. C. If a small specimen of the embryonic fluid is removed from a fetus, it will be possible
to determine whether the baby will be born with defects.
8. All of the people at the AAME conference are B. mathematics teachers.
9. To generate income, magazine publishers must decide whether to increase the
subscription price or A. to sell advertising.
10. If it D. were more humid in the desert of the Southwest, the hot temperatures would be
unbearable.
11. A. It is generally believed that Java Man, who lived before the first Ice Age, is the first
manlike animal.
12. For the investor who B. has very little money, silver or bonds are good options.
13. A. Because both men and women have often achieved their career ambitions by midlife,
many people are afflicted by at least a temporary period of dissatisfaction and depression.
14. Of all the cereals, rice is he one D. that provides food for more people than any of the
other grain crops.
15. Travelers C. had better get their reservations well in advance if try want to fly during the
Christmas holidays.

WRITTEN EXPRESSION
16. The duties of the secretary are to take (taking) the minutes, mailing the correspondence,
and calling the members before meetings.
17. If biennials were planted this year, they will be (would be) likely to bloom next year.
18. The value of the dollar decline as the rate of inflation raises (rises).
19. Even though a member has drank (has drunk) too much the night before, the counselors
at Alcoholics Anonymous will try to convince him or her to sober up and stop drinking
again.

20. Anthropologists assert that many of the early American Plains Indians did not engage in
planting crops but to hunt (hunting), living primarily on buffalo meat.
21. The neutron bomb provides the capable (capability) of limited nuclear war in which
buildings would be preserved, but people would be destroyed.
22. The differential attractions of the sun and the moon have a direct effect in (on) the rising
and falling of the tides.
23. With special enzymes that are call (called) restriction enzymes, it is possible to split of
segments of DNA from the donor organism.
24. Before TV, the common man seldom never (never) had the opportunity to see and hear
his leaders express their views.
25. If it receives enough rain a proper time, hay will grow quickly, as (like) grass.
26. Psychology Today is interesting, informative, and easy to read.
27. Before she died, Andrew Jacksons daughter, who lives (lived) in the family mansion,
used to take tourist through her home.
28. It is essential that the temperature is not (has not) elevated to a point where the substance
formed may become unstable and decompose into its constituent elements.
29. Two of the layers from the Yankees has (have) been chosen to participate in the All Star
game.
30. John Philip Sousa, who (whom) many people consider the greatest composer of marches,
wrote his music during the era known as he Gay 90s.
31. Although it can be derived from oil, coal, and tar, kerosene is usually produced by refine
(by refining) it from petroleum.
32. Aeronomy is the study of the earths upper atmosphere, which includes their (its)
composition, temperature, density, and chemical reactions.
33. The new model costs twice more than (than) last years model.
34. The purpose of the United Nations, broad speaking (broadly spoken), is to maintain peace
and security and to encourage respect for human rights.
35. Aging in most animals can be readily modified when they will limit (limit) caloric intake.
36. Even though Miss Alabana lost the beauty contest, she was still more prettier (prettier)
than the other girls in the Miss America pageant.
37. Although Congressional representatives and senators may serve an unlimited number of
term (terms), the president is limited to two, for a total of eight years.
38. Although we are concerned about the problem f energy sources, we must not fail
recognizing (to recognizing) the need for environmental protection.
39. Because of the movement of a glacier, the form (the formation) of the Great Lakes was
very slow.
40. In (From) 1776 to 1800, the population of the U.S. continued to rise, reaching five
million citizens by the turn of the century.

English Task
Group IX
030.10.237

Riza ernaldy

030.10.228

Rachma Tia wasril

030.10.245

Sang ayu prabha Amandari S

030.10.242

Runy O P

030.10.279

Yasmine Salida

030.10.217

Otty M O

JAKARTA
31 Januari 2011