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Experiment 1

Basic Configurations of Op-Amp


Objective: To design the following op-amp configurations:
1. Inverting amplifier
2. Summing Amplifier
3. Integrator
4. Differentiator
5. Non-Inverting amplifier
6. Voltage follower
7. Subtractor
Equipments & Components: DC dual power supply of 15V, function generator, CRO, DMM,
IC 741, resistors and capacitors.

Experiment:
1. Inverting amplifier:
1.1 Design an inverting amplifier for a gain of 15. Let R1= 1k . Assemble the circuit on breadboard and
feed sinusoidal input signal of amplitude 200 mV and frequency 1 kHz. Observe the input and
output voltages on CRO. Determine the gain of the amplifier and phase difference between the
input and output voltages.
1.2 Now vary the input signal frequency keeping the amplitude fixed and find the bandwidth. The
bandwidth is equal to the higher cutoff frequency, which is the frequency at which the gain
reduces to 0.707 of the mid-band frequency gain.
1.3 Calculate the gain-bandwidth product.
1.4 Compare the results with the theoretical values.
R1 = and RF = ..
Input voltage, vs= .
Draw the circuit of inverting amplifier

Output voltage, v0 =
Voltage gain Av =

v0 .........
=
v s .........

Phase difference between input and output voltages =.

Frequency
(Hz)

Input voltage
vs(V)

Output voltage
vo(V)

Voltage gain

v
Av = 0
vs

Voltage gain
(dB)

500
1k
10k
50k
60k
70k
100k

Higher cutoff frequency fH = 0.707 x Av(max)=. (Note: compute the value of 0.707 x Avmax. And
with this value obtained, look for the corresponding value of the frequency in the table The
resulting frequency is the fH)
Gain bandwidth product GBW= Av(max) x fH =..
Parameter
Gain
Cut-off frequency
Gain-bandwidth
Phase difference

Experimental

Theoretical

2. Summing Amplifier:
2.1 Assemble an analog adder circuit with RF= R1 = 8.2 k, R2 = 3.9 k and R3 = 2 k . Feed sinusoidal
input of amplitude 1 V and frequency 1 kHz to each input. Measure the amplitude of the output
voltage and compare with the theoretical values.
2.2 Compare the experimental results with the theoretical values.

Draw the circuit of the summing amplifier

Output voltage, vo= - F v1 + F v2 + F v3


R2
R3
R1
= ..
RF = R1 = 8.2 k , R2 = 3.9 k and R3 =2 k

v1=v2=v3 =1 V and frequency =1 kHz


Thus vo= ..
Experimental value of vo=
3. Integrator:
3.1 Assemble an integrator with R = 1k and C = 0.1F. Connect a resistor RF of value 1 M. across the
capacitor. Feed 1V (peak-peak), 500 Hz square wave input and observe input and output voltages
on CRO. Measure the output voltage. Plot the input and output voltages on the same scale.

Draw the circuit of integrator

3.2 Change the input signal to sinusoidal and observe the output. Measure the output voltage. Draw
the input and output waveforms.
3.3 Repeat step 3.2 for triangle input.
3.4. Now change the value of RF to 1k and repeat the observations.

Input
Square wave
Sinusoidal
Triangle

Input (Vi) volts

Output (Vo) volts

Gain= Vo/Vi

4. Differentiator:
4.1 Assemble a differentiator circuit with R=10k and C=0.047F. Connect a resistor value 330
between the source and the capacitor. Feed a 1V, 1 kHz triangular wave input. Observe the input
and output voltages on the CRO. Plot the input and output voltages on the same scale.
4.2 Repeat step 4.1 square wave and sinusoidal inputs

Draw the circuit of differentiator

Input
Square wave
Sinusoidal
Triangle

Input (Vi) volts

Output (Vo) volts

Gain= Vo/Vi

5. Non-Inverting amplifier:
5.1 Design a non-inverting amplifier for a gain of 16. Let R1= 1k. Assemble the circuit on the breadboard
and feed sinusoidal input signal of amplitude 200 mV and frequency 1 kHz. Observe the input and
output voltages on a CRO. Determine the gain of the amplifier and phase difference between the
input and output voltages.
5.2 Now vary the input signal frequency keeping the amplitude fixed and find the bandwidth.
5.3 Calculate the gain-bandwidth product.
5.4 Compare the results with the theoretical values.
R1 = and RF =
Input voltage, vs=

Draw the circuit of non- inverting amplifier

Output voltage, v0= .


Voltage gain Av =

v0 .........
=
v s .........

Phase difference between input and output voltages=.


Frequency
(Hz)

Input voltage vs
(V)

Output voltage
vo(V)

Voltage gain
Av =

v0
vs

Voltage gain
(dB)

500
1k
10k
50k
60k
70k
100k

Higher cutoff frequency fH = 0.707 Av(max)=. Gain bandwidth product GBW= Av(max) x fH =..
(Compute as in run 1.4 above)
Parameter
Gain
Cut-off frequency
Gain-bandwidth
Phase difference

Experimental

Theoretical

6. Voltage Follower:
Assemble a voltage follower circuit. Feed sinusoidal input of amplitude 1V and frequency 1 kHz.
Observe the input and output voltages on CRO. Determine the gain of the amplifier and phase
difference between the input and output voltages. Plot the input and output waveforms.

Draw the circuit of voltage follower

Input voltage, vs=


Output voltage, v0= .
Voltage gain Av =

v0 .........
=
v s .........

Phase difference between input and output voltages=.


7. Subtractor:
7.1 Assemble a subtractor circuit with RF = R1 = 8.2 k. Feed v1= 2V and v2 = 0.5V sinusoidal signal of
frequency 1 kHz. Observe the input and output voltages on a CRO. To get two signals from the same
source, use a high resistance potentiometer.

Draw the circuit of subtractor

7.2 Plot v1, v2 and vo on the same scale. Compare the amplitudes with the theoretical values. RF = R1 =
8.2k, v1 = 2V and v2 = 0.5V sinusoidal signal of frequency 1 kHz. Draw the input and output voltage
Waveforms.
Theoretical value of output voltage =

RF
(v2 v1 ) = .......... .....
R1

Measured output voltage vo= ....V

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