Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Department of Physics
8.02
Spring 2012
SOLUTIONS Exam One Equation Sheet
Please Remove this Tear Sheet from Your Exam
qq
F12 ke 1 2 2 r12 , force by 1 on 2
r12
F qE
q
q
E(r ) ke 2 r ke 3 r
r
r
N
qi
E(r ) ke 3 (r ri )
i 1 r ri
dq
dq(r r)
E(r ) ke 2 r ke
3
r
r r
source
source
qenc
E
dA
closedsurface
VAB VB VA E ds
Electric Dipole
N
p qi ri
i 1
p r
V (r ) V ( ) k e 2
r
Gradient
E V
V
V
V
Ey
Ex
Ez
y
x
z
V
Er
for spherical and cylindrical
r
symmetry
1 V
E
for cylindrical symmetry
r
q
V (r) V () ke
r
N
q
V (r ) V ( ) k e i
i 1 r ri
V (r ) V ( ) k e
source
dq
r r
all pairs
ke
1
4 0
9 109 N m 2 C2
U qV
qV K 0
U stored ke
Constants
qi q j
rij
; U () 0
We replace one of the objects with another whose net charge is 4Q , and we move
the Q and 4Q charges to be 3 times as far apart as they were:
a) F1 F / 9
b) F1 F / 3
c) F1 4 F / 9 correct
d) F1 4 F / 3
e) None of the above.
Question 2 (5 points)
Three infinite sheets of charge lying in the yz -plane are shown in the sketch. The sheet
on the right at x d is positively charged with charge per unit area of , the sheet in
the middle at x 0 is positively charged with charge per unit area of 4 , and the sheet
on the left at x d is negatively charged with charge per unit area of .
What is the electric field at the point P in the region x d ?
a) zero.
b) E i .
c) E i .
d)
e)
f)
g)
0
2
i
E
0
2
E
0
4
i
E
0
4
E
0
. correct
i .
.
i .
Question 3 (5 points)
We have two electric dipoles. Each dipole consists of two equal and opposite point
charges at the ends of an insulating rod of length d . The dipoles sit along the x -axis a
distance r apart, oriented at right angles to each other as shown below. Their separation
r d . You may take d to be small but not zero.
Question 4 (5 points)
A thin rod extends along the x -axis from x l / 2 to x l / 2 . The rod carries a
uniformly distributed positive charge Q . Consider a point P lying in the z 0 plane
with coordinates ( x , y,0) . Which of the following expressions describes the electric
potential difference V ( P) V () , between infinity and the point P ?
a)
b)
xl /2
ke Q
(( x x)i yj) dx
V ( P ) V ( )
l xl /2 (( x x) 2 y 2 )3/ 2
xl /2
kQ
(( x x)i yj) dx
V ( P ) V ( ) e
l xl /2 (( x x) 2 y 2 )1/2
xl / 2
c)
V ( P ) V ( )
keQ
( x x) dx
l x l / 2 (( x x) 2 y 2 )3/ 2
d)
V ( P ) V ()
k eQ x l / 2
( x x ) dx
l x l / 2 (( x x )2 y 2 )1/ 2
e)
k eQ x l / 2
dx
V ( P ) V ()
l x l / 2 (( x x )2 y 2 )3/ 2
f)
k eQ x l / 2
dx
V ( P ) V ()
correct
l x l / 2 (( x x )2 y 2 )1/ 2
Question 5 (5 points)
E dA through surface B and
surface B
a) The flux through surface B is positive and through the entire closed surface it
is positive.
b) The flux through B is positive and through the entire surface it is negative.
c) The flux through B is positive and through the entire surface it is zero. correct
d) The flux through B is negative and through the entire surface it is zero.
e) The flux through B is negative and through the entire surface it is negative.
f) The flux through B is negative and through the entire surface it is positive.
o
cos(60 ) 1 / 2 .
N
Q
q
2Q
12Q
ke 2
E x (r ) ke i 3 ( x xi ) ke
a
a
(0
/
2)
(0
/
2)
0
3
3
a/2
a
a/2
i 1 r ri
qi
Q
4Q
( 3a / 2) 0 0 ke 2
E y (r ) ke 3 ( y yi ) ke
3
3a
i 1 r ri
3a / 2
N
q
Q
2Q
V (r ) V ( ) k e i k e
a/2 a/2
i 1 r ri
k 2Q 1 1
e
a
3
3a / 2
(d) Suppose you now move a point charge with charge 5Q from infinity to point P
in the above problem. How much work does it take you to do this?
10Q 2
1
U 5Q V (r ) V () ke
1
a
3
(e) What is the dipole moment vector of the original set of three charges?
N
N
p qi ri px qi xi Q(a / 2) 2Q(a / 2) 0 3Qa / 2
i 1
N
i 1
p y qi yi Q( 3a / 2) 0 0 3Qa / 2
i 1
(f) Suppose the original three charges were glued to a wooden equilateral triangle
which was free to rotate about its center, and then that triangle was placed in a
The negative z component of the torque means that the triangle will rotate
clockwise.
A very thin disk of radius R is positively charged with uniform charge per unit area .
Consider a point P lying a distance x 0 from the center of the disk along the axis of
symmetry of the disk.
Integration formulas you may find useful:
dr
r
2
c
2 3/2
( x r )
( x r 2 )1/2
r dr
1
( x2 r 2 )3/2 ( x 2 r2 )1/2 c
x2
r dr
( x 2 r 2 )1/ 2 c
r 2 )1/2
dr
2
2 1/2
( x2 r 2 )1/2 ln r ( x r ) c
(x
a) What is the electric potential difference V (P) V ( ) ? Hint: you may find the
integration area element da 2 r dr useful.
V (r ) V ( ) k e
source
dq
da
2 r dr
r dr
ke
2 ke 2
ke
2
2
2
2
r r
( x r 2 )3/2
x r
x r
source
source
V (r ) V () 2 ke ( x 2 r 2 )1/2 c 2 ke ( x 2 R 2 )1/2 x
0
b) What is the direction and magnitude of the electric field at the point P ?
E V x
d
x
2 ke ( x 2 R 2 )1/2 x 2 ke x 2
1
2 1/2
dx
(x R )
c) Find an expression for the direction and magnitude of the electric field when
x R ?
E 2 ke 2
1 x 2 ke x
x
2 1/2
2 o
(x R )
d) How does your result in part c) compare to the electric field of a uniformly
charged infinite plane with charge per area ? Explain your reasoning.
It is the same, as we would expect, because we are close to the disk and it looks
infinite if you are very close.
A very long solid cylinder of radius R1 carries a non-uniform volume charge density
0 as shown in the figure. The electric field is zero for r R2 . You may assume the
cylinders are infinite.
a) Find an expression for the charge per area in terms of C , R1 , and R2 as
needed.
R1
qenc
1
E dA
Eoutside 2 rL 0 2 R2 L 2 r Ldr r
o
o
closedsurface
0
R1
3
1
R
1
2 R2 L 2 r 2 Ldr C 0 2 R2 L 2 LC 1 0
o
o
3
0
R13
C
3R2
b) Find a vector expression for the electric field in the regions (i) 0 r R1 and (ii)
R1 r R2 . For each region clearly show your choice of Gaussian surface.
R
1 R1
1
R13
1 1
2
1 R3
For R 2 r >R1 , E C 1 r
o 3r
R3 R
1 R3
1
QVAB Q VB VA Q E ds Q C 1 dr QC 1 ln 1 0
3r
3
R2
o
A
R1 o
This is a decrease in energy, which has gone into kinetic energy, that is
R3 R
1
1
MV 2 QC 1 ln 2 with the implied expression for V
2
3
o
R1