GA1381 Fasteners Guide 0909

Fasteners: A Complete Guide
A complete guide to understand and specify fasteners for light-frame construction
|| INTRODUCTION ||
This Guide is intended to facilitate the selection of appropriate Stanley
Bostitch fasteners in wood-frame construction. Appropriate fastener
selection and installation leads to more durable, stronger, and safer buildings.
ight-frame buildings are loaded by vertical and horizontal forces. Examples of vertical forces are dead
weight of the building materials and snow. Lateral
forces include those induced by wind and seismic ground
motions. Wind forces cause uplift on the roof, wall racking
and wall bending. Seismic motions cause racking in the walls
as a result of the vertical and horizontal ground motions. The
[a]
walls, floor(s), and roof act together to resist forces at the

foundation.
The building resists forces only when there is a continuous
load path from the point where the force is imposed to the
foundation where the force is resisted. A continuous load path is
the interconnected framing and sheathing from the roof through
[b]
[c]
Light-frame structure with (a) gravity loads, (b) wind loads, (c) seismic loads. Fasteners are crucial to the continuous load path.
Stanley Bostitch fasteners are engineered to exceed the performance

expectations in application and for optimal performance in Stanley
Bostitch tools. Our goal is to continually increase productivity and
quality of building practices, and to ensure building code compliance.
Our team of engineers lead the industry in innovation and design.
Utilizing our advanced laboratory, they conduct extensive testing to
study the effects of storm forces and other weather conditions in order
to develop high performance fasteners for a wide variety of applications.
Stanley Bostitch fasteners are continually
evaluated to assess quality and performance
[[ Introduction ]]
the walls to the foundation. A building
that is not attached, or poorly attached,
to the foundation, can slide or overturn
when subjected to lateral forces. Walls
that are designed to resist vertical and
lateral loads are called shear walls. The
roof and floors are called diaphragms,
or sometimes referred to as horizontal
diaphragms, even though they may be
pitched, e.g., a gable roof.
Fasteners are often the last thing
considered in designing and building a
wood-frame structure. However, they
are critical to the load path and the
long-term building performance.
Whether your objective is to reduce the
chance of a squeaky floor, minimize
corrosion, or reduce the potential of
high wind or earthquake related damage;
the proper fastener selection can affect
these objectives.
The fasteners listed in this Guide are

manufactured by Stanley Fastening Systems
and are sold under the trademark
Stanley Bostitch. Stanley Bostitch
nails and staples can be used for
structural and nonstructural woodto-wood connections. Connections
between wood and other engineering
materials, such as steel, plastics, etc.
are also possible with engineering
design following the design methods of
the National Design Specification for
Wood Construction (NDS).
The Stanley Bostitch Fasteners: A
complete guide to understand and specify
fasteners for light-frame construction
describes standard nail and staple
applications that are in compliance with
the following model building codes:
> 2006 International Building Code
(IBC)
> 2006 International Residential
Code (IRC)
> BOCA National Building Code 1999
(BNBC)
> 1999 Standard Building Code (SBC)
> 1997 Uniform Building Code (UBC)
> 1998 International One and Two
Family Dwelling Code (IOTFDC)
> City of Los Angeles
> Florida Building Code
The newest evaluation report for
HurriQuake nails is ER-120, and it
shows compliance to the 2006 IBC, 2006
IRC, SSTD-10 1999, Florida Building Code
(2007), and the California Building Code
(2007). Evaluation reports ER-120 and
ESR-2020 have withdrawal and shear
single fastener design functions and
framing connections, and the diaphragm
and shear wall allowable shear values
reflect the engineering performance of
the HurriQuake nails.
Copyright 2009 by Stanley Bostitch

Limited Warranty: U.S. and Canada Only
Stanley Fastening Systems L.P. (Stanley Bostitch) warrants purchased products to be free from defects in material and workmanship.
Stanley Bostitch products are further warranted for adequacy of design when used in accordance with the applicable model building
codes, ESR 1539, ESR 2020, ER-120 and when properly specified, installed and maintained. This warranty does not apply to uses not
in compliance with specific applications modified products, or to product deterioration due to environmental conditions.
Properly installed Stanley Bostitch products will meet performance expectations established by National Design Specification for Wood
Construction 2005. Due to the variety of potential loading scenarios, structural design, building materials selected for construction, the
quality of construction methods and other conditions surrounding the structure within the location, structural damage may still occur.
All warranty responsibilities of Stanley Bostitch shall be limited, at Stanley Bostitchs option, to repair or replacement of the defective fastener
product, and such repair or replacement shall constitute Stanley Bostitchs sole obligation to purchaser under this warranty. In no event will Stanley
Bostitch be responsible for incidental, consequential, or special loss or damage, however caused.
This warranty IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS or IMPLiED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. STANLEY BOSTITCH SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR
ANY INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM THE USE OF ITS PRODUCTS, AND THE CONSUMERS USE
OF SUCH PRODUCTS SHALL CONSTITUTE AGREEMENT TO THE TERMS OF THIS WARRANTY AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITIES.
Modified and Custom Products
Engineers, builders or other consumers who modify products, or use custom products requested from and provided by Stanley Bostitch shall, regardless of any instructions to the user, indemnify, defend, and hold harmless Stanley Bostitch for any and all claimed loss
or damage occurring with the use of custom or modified products.
Stanley Fastening Systems L.P. | Briggs Drive, East Greenwich, Rhode Island 02818 | www.bostitch.com
ii
iii
[[ Table of Contents ]]
|| TABLE OF CONTENTS ||
Chapter
HurriQuake Nails
Construction Nails and Staples
Wood Construction Materials

> Fastener Performance and Specific Gravity

> Fastening Engineered Wood Products
Single-Fastener Connection Geometry
Fastener Corrosion Resistance
Fastener Selection and Substitution
Single-Nail Withdrawal Design
Single-Fastener Connection Lateral Shear Design

> Sheathing-to-Framing Connections

> Connection for 2x-members of the Same Specific Gravity
Prescriptive Framing Connections

> Framing: Floors

> Framing: Walls

> Framing: Ceiling and Roofs
Fastening Metal Hardware
Diaphragm Design

> 3/8 Structural 1 Plywood

> 7/16 OSB or Structural 1 Plywood



> 3/8 Plywood Rated Sheathing



Shear Wall Design

> 3/8 Structural 1 Plywood





Wind Resistance
Stanley Bostitch Product Codes
ii
v
vi
1
2
4
4
4
6
7
8
12
14
14
16
18
18
20
22
24
26
28
28
29
29
30
30
31
31
32
33
33
34
34
35
35
36
38
Appendix 1. Building Code Acronyms

Appendix 2. Glossary
42
44
Introduction
List of Tables
List of Figures
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
11
12
13
14
Page
iv
|| LIST OF TABLES ||
Table
1
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Page
Comparison of Common, Box, and Sinker nail

dimensions (inches) of the same pennyweight.

Important properties for connection design with
typical visually graded wood materials used in the
US. and Canada for residential framing.

Nail withdrawal values for normal duration loads,
lbf/inch of penetration in the main member.

Single fastener shear values, Z (lbf), for typical
sheathing products by wood species specific
gravity.

Design functions for single-fastener shear
connections made with HurriQuake Nails.

Normal duration lateral shear capacity, Z (lbf), for
face nailed 2-by lumber connections of the same
specific gravity.
Prescriptive floor framing connections.

Prescriptive wall framing connections.

Prescriptive roof and ceiling framing connections.
18
Reference lateral design values, Z (lbf) for Stanley

Bostitch MCN nails used in steel-to-wood
connections for typical wood specific gravities.

Diaphragm unit shear allowable design values for
wind and seismic, Sheathing: 3/8 Structural 1
Plywood.

Diaphragm unit shear allowable design values
for wind and seismic, Sheathing: 7/16 OSB or
Structural I Plywood.

Diaphragm unit shear allowable design values
for wind and seismic, Sheathing: 15/32 OSB or
Structural I Plywood.

25
Table
Page
14 Diaphragm unit shear allowable design values for

wind and seismic, Sheathing: 7/8 OSB or
Structural 1 Plywood.
29
15 Diaphragm unit shear allowable design values for wind

and seismic, Sheathing: 3/8 Plywood Rated Sheathing.

wind and seismic, Sheathing: 15/32 Plywood
Rated Sheathing.

Rated Sheathing.

Rated Sheathing.

19 Shear wall unit shear allowable design values (lbf/
ft), Sheathing: 3/8 Structural 1 Plywood.

20 Shear wall unit shear allowable design values
(lbf/ft),Sheathing: 7/16 OSB or Structural 1 Plywood.

ft), Sheathing: 15/32 OSB or Structural 1 Plywood

ft), Sheathing: 3/8 Plywood Rated Sheathing
30


35
25 Roof sheathing fastening requirements for

compliance with IBC and IRC

26 HurriQuake fastening requirements for compliance in wind
zones up to 170 mph (3-s. gust) with Exposures B and C
36
13
15
16
17
20
22
28
28
29
30
31
31
33
33
34
34
35
37
[[ Table of Contents ]]
Fasteners: A complete guide
|| LIST OF FIGURES ||
Figure
Page
HurriQuake 1 nail, 2-1/2 x 0.113, showing the dual

shank technology and large embossed head.
Head markings for HurriQuake nails.
The five characteristics of a HurriQuake nail.

Characteristics and dimensions of driven fasteners.

Examples of nails with ring shank and screw shank.
Geometry of a single-fastener face-nail connection.

Toe-nail connection geometry.
Grain direction in an end-nail connection. The arrows

indicate grain direction in each member.
Excerpt from the Guide, Section 9, Table 8,

Prescriptive Wall Framing Connections.
10
Table locator worksheet to identify the applicable

table for sheathing fastener design requirements.
11
Table 20 from Guide, Section 12 for shear walls with

7/16 OSB sheathing subject to wind and seismic
loadings.
10
12
Table 17 from Guide, Section 11 for diaphragms

with 19/32 plywood sheathing subject to wind and
seismic loading.
11
13
Illustration of the MCN nail head identification marking.

Sheathing and framing layouts for the six
diaphragm cases.
24
Roof zones for use with prescriptive nailing

schedules of Tables 24 and 25; roof zones for UBC,
IBC, and IRC. For gable roofs slope 7, shaded
area is zone 1, for gable roof 7 < slope 45,
shaded area is zone 2.
36
4
5
6
7
14
15
3
3
27
vi
Stanley-Bostitch is committed to sustainable construction through its fastener innovation. We believe

that fasteners can be engineered far beyond todays existing standards. We believe this because we
have already created the fastener of tomorrow.
Building to a higher standard will reduce the materials, energy, and money used to repair the damages
caused by Mother Natures wrath. HurriQuake nails will have a profound effect on an individuals
personal safety as well as the environment. The patented deformations of the shank and head allow
performance equivalent to or exceeding more common nails while using 40% less steel*.
These high performance fasteners withstand destructive forces under extreme conditions such as
hurricanes, tornadoes, or earthquakes. Independent research has shown that the use of HurriQuake
fasteners provide a stronger, more disaster-resistant structure.
This unique fastener can enable an engineer, architect, or builder to select thinner sheathing while
increasing the load capacity. It can even increase daylight views via stronger walls and larger windows
and eliminate the need for potentially VOC-rich glue on the floors to avoid squeaks.
Look for the highlighted areas throughout this guide as an indicator of High Performance Structural
Fasteners.
*comparing 2 1/2 x .113 HurriQuake nails to 3 x .131 standard nails.
Figure 1. The HurriQuake 1 nail, 2 1/2 x 0.113, showing the dual shank technology and large embossed head.
Figure 2. Head markings for HurriQuake nails
[[ HurriQuake Nails ]]
C
1
HurriQuake Nails are wire nails used for connections in light-frame buildings. The nails are in
compliance with ASTM F1667 for bending yield strength as well as physical and mechanical
properties and dimensional tolerances. They are designed for wood-to-wood connections or to
connect engineered materials-to-engineered materials. The connections may be structural or
non-structural. Structural wood-to-wood connections are to meet the requirements of the National
Design Specification for Wood Construction.
Shear Shank Technology

Shear plane area optimized to
HurriQuake
enhance capacitynails have five distinguishing
characteristics
Deformation under head
to minimize
(Figure
3):
movement of structure
1 Ring shank that is deformed from the tip to 1-1/2

from the tip
2 Round wire shank that is the nominal wire diameter
Deep
Ring
Technology
that
extends
from the ring-shank portion
Maximizes holding power
3
Five-sided fluted spiral-shank that extends from the
round shank to the bottom of the head
4 Over-sized full-round head
5 Embossed identification on the head
Figure 3. The five characteristics of a HurriQuake nail.
The aggressive ring-shank and large head combine to give

the HurriQuake fasteners significantly improved shear
withdrawal, and pull-through resistance as compared to other
framing and sheathing nails.
The HurriQuake nail products are produced in two nominal
diameters (0.113 and 0.131) and are available bright and
hot-dip zinc galvanized. The collated HurriQuake products are
intended to be used in Stanley Bostitch pneumatic tools
but can be used in other manufacturer tools as well. The
2-1/2x0.113 product (HQ1) is pictured in Figure 1 and the
head identifications are shown in Figure 2.
HurriQuake Nails are the subject of two evaluation reports,
ESR-2020 (ICC-ES) and ER-0120 (IAPMO-ES). These
documents show compliance IBC/IRC 2006 and SSTD-10
1999. ER-0120 also shows compliance with the Florida Building Code (2007) and California Building Code (2007).
Information from the evaluation reports is used in this Guide.
Also, they are the subject of City of Los Angeles Research
Report 25660.
Stanley Bostitch recommends the builder, architect, and

engineer make HurriQuake Nails the first choice when
making wood-to-wood connections.
1
[[ Co
|| CONSTRUCTION NAILS & STAPLES ||
Driven fasteners for construction includes two groups of fasteners: nails and staples. The general features
of nails and staples are illustrated with the appropriate dimensional measurements in Figure 4. Most nails
and staples are made from low carbon steel wire. Some nails are made from medium or high carbon wire so
that they can be effectively hardened. These nails are made to penetrate materials other than wood.
ails are sometimes referred to using the
pennyweight terminology, for example16d
or8d. In earlier times, this terminology was used
to refer to the penny cost per 100 nails. In contemporary
engineering, the pennyweight terminology cannot be used for
reliable specification of fasteners. Now the pennyweight
designation generally refers to nail length but it does not confer
information about the shank diameter or the head characteristics.
The expressionscommon,box, andsinker have generally
accepted understanding as published in the National Design
Specification for Wood Construction (NDS). In general,
common and box nails have a flat under-head geometry while
sinker nails have a pronounced convex under-head geometry.
See Table 1 for the dimensions assumed by the NDS for
dimensions of typical construction nails. Common nails have
larger shank diameters that the box and sinker nails.
Correct specification of nails includes the nominal length and
the nominal diameter. If only pennyweight is specified,
insufficient information is conveyed. For example, if a building
plan calls for the nails to be8d, then the builder could use
the 8d common (2-1/2x0.131), the 8d box (2-1/2x0.113),
or the 8d sinker (2-3/8x0.113). The result will affect the
performance of the building system. The HurriQuake nails
are unique so they can be easily specified as HQ1 or HQ2,
but complete specification of other smooth and deformedshank nails should provide length and diameter.
Staples are called out by length, crown width, and wire diameter
where the wire is usually referenced by gauge as opposed to
measured diameter. Staple wire is typically flattened in manufacturing, so a staple cross section is not round. Typical staple
gauges are given in ASTM F1667-05 where the specification is
for nominal thickness and width. For example, a 16-gauge staple
has a nominal thickness of 0.0563 and a nominal width of
0.064, and a 14-gauge staple has nominal thickness of 0.0725
and a width of 0.0855.The building codes require staple crown width
greater than or equal to 7/16,a leg length of at least 1-1/2,and staple

installation with the crown parallel to the framing member.
Nail Shank Deformations
Most construction nails have smooth shanks. Shank deformations
are used to enhance the fastener performance, especially
withdrawal resistance. Improved withdrawal resistance also
can contribute to enhanced shear resistance for many
construction situations. Deformed shank nails are referred to
asring orscrew shank nails depending on the deformations
(Figure 5). Ring-shank nails have an annular ring deformation.
The rings are generally 0.005 to 0.010 greater diameter than
the nominal diameter of the fastener. Screw-shank nails have
shanks with flutes that twist around the shank in a
screw-like geometry. The screw-shank geometry is less
common than the ring-shank geometry in construction nails.
Construction nails with deformed shanks are generally made
with low carbon wire and have bending yield strengths typical
of smooth shank nails of the same nominal diameter.
In engineering design, generic deformed-shank nails have
withdrawal capacities that are 10% greater than smoothshank nails of the same diameters and no extra allowance is
made for shear capacity. The fastener industry has no
standard for shank deformations, and as a result, the
engineering properties of generic deformed-shank nails
cannot be generalized beyond the minimum increase. On the
other hand, the HurriQuake nails have design withdrawal
properties that are over 100% greater than smooth-shank
nails of the same diameter and length. The shear capacities
of the HurriQuake nails are also substantially greater than
smooth-shank nails. These greater values are assigned
because the HurriQuake nails are made to exacting
specifications, manufactured under a strict quality program,
and the engineering properties are based on extensive
testing by an accredited third-party laboratory as required to
obtain an evaluation report.
onstruction Nails & Staples ]]
Table 1. Comparison of Common, Box, and Sinker nail dimensions (inches) of the same pennyweight.
Type
Feature
Pennyweight
6d
Common
Length
Box
10d
16d
2-1/2
3-1/4
3-1/2
0.113
0.131
0.148
0.148
0.162
Head
0.226
0.281
0.312
0.312
0.344
2-1/2
3-1/4
3-1/2
Diameter
0.099
0.113
0.128
0.128
0.135
Head
0.266
0.297
0.312
0.312
0.344
Length
1-7/8
2-3/8
2-7/8
3-1/8
3-1/4
Diameter
0.092
0.113
0.120
0.135
0.148
Head
0.234
0.266
0.281
0.312
0.344
Figure 4. Characteristics and dimensions of driven fasteners.
Head
12d
Diameter
Length
Sinker
8d
C
2
Figure 5. Examples of ring-shanked

and screw-shank nails.
Head Diameter
Head Thickness
Crown width
Crown
Shank
Leg
Nail Length
Shank diameter
Point
Length
Wire gauge
Tip
Ring shank
Screw shank
3
[[ Woo
|| WOOD CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS ||
3.1 Fastener Performance and Specific Gravity
Fastener performance is strongly influenced by the specific gravity of the main and side members
of a wood-to-wood mechanical connection. Specific gravity is the ratio of the weight density of
a wood object to the weight density of water (1000 kg/m3). Specific gravity can be thought of as
a measure of the amount of wood material present. The weight density of wood depends on the
moisture condition of the wood.
ood is not a homogeneous material within a single
tree or between trees. Each species of wood has
a characteristic specific gravity that was assigned
based on sampling and measurement of the wood species
over its geographic range. Most commercial species used in
North America have a specific gravity in the range of 0.35 to
0.60. The commercial specific gravity assignment represents
the average of many growth years and many trees. In general,
a species of wood with lots of wood material present in a
measured volume (high specific gravity) will hold its fasteners
better in withdrawal than a wood that has less wood material
in a measured volume (low specific gravity).
The model building codes require that the lumber must
be stress graded to be used for building construction. The
American Lumber Standards Committee (ALSC) administers
the grade marking program for structural lumber under PS 20
(Voluntary Product Standard 20, American Softwood Lumber
Standard). The ALSC uses the consensus processes of the U.S.
Department of Commerce to provide manufacturers and users
of softwood lumber with a process by which the product
standard can be formulated and implemented.
To facilitate engineering practice, species that are from the
same geographical area and that have the same engineering
properties are pooled asspecies groups. For example,
Douglas Fir-Larch is a species group comprised of Douglas-fir
and Larch, and Southern Pine is a species group of four
species of Southern Pine (Loblolly Pine, Longleaf Pine,
Shortleaf Pine, and Slash Pine). The species of each commercial
species group are listed in the NDS Supplement. There are 49
species groups listed in the NDS Supplement.

Each commercial species group has a characteristic specific
gravity. The characteristic specific gravity is used in the
calculation of withdrawal design values and to identify the

dowel bearing capacity of mechanical fasteners, which is
used to determine the lateral shear resistance of fasteners.
Some of the typical US species groups are listed in Table
2 with the characteristic specific gravity and dowel bearing
values. A high specific gravity wood has a high dowel bearing
strength and a low specific gravity wood has a lower dowel
bearing strength. Exceptions to this are found primarily
among engineered wood products.

In Table 2, the column labeledFastener Group is a
terminology that is carried over from legacy design documents
and is still found in some of the legacy building codes and
at least one table in this document that is based on a legacy
code. Prior to 1991, every wood species was assigned to
aFastener Group based on its strength and stiffness. This
practice was abandoned in 1991 because the design practice
was changed in the 1991 NDS to the use of the European
Yield Mode Equations, and the notion of aFastener Group
became obsolete.
3.2 Fastening Engineered Wood Products
Engineered wood products are manufactured by combining
wood with adhesives under heat and pressure. Typical
engineered wood products are plywood, oriented strand board
(OSB), glue-laminated timber (glulam), I-joists, and structural
composite lumber. These products behave differently than sawn
wood and some special considerations may be required for
fasteners especially for the structural composite lumber products.
Structural composite lumber (SCL) comes in several varieties:
oriented strand lumber (OSL), laminated strand lumber (LSL),
laminated veneer lumber (LVL), and parallel strand lumber
(PSL). These products are proprietary products and are
differentiated by the form of the wood that is used. For
od Construction Materials ]]
Table 2. Important properties for connection design with typical visually graded wood materials used in the U.S. and Canada
for residential framing.
Wood Species Group
Specific Gravity, G
Fastener Group4
Dowel Bearing Strength,

Fe (psi)
Spruce / Pine / Fir (South)
0.36
IV
2550
Western Woods
0.36
IV
2550
Englemann Spruce
/ Lodgepole Pine
0.38
IV
2800
Eastern Hemlock
0.41
III
3200
Spruce / Pine / Fir
0.42
III
3350
Hemlock / Fir
0.43
III
3500
0.43
III
3500
Austrian Spruce
/ Scots Pine 2
0.43
III
3500
Western Hemlock
0.47
III
4150
Douglas Fir / Larch North
0.49
II
4450
Douglas Fir / Larch
0.50
II
4650
Scots Pine
0.50
II
4650
0.55
II
5550
Austrian Spruce
Southern Pine
C
3
Source: Austria and Czech Republic

Source: Austria, Czech Republic, Romania, Ukraine
4
Based on NDS 1986, Table 8.1A
1,2
3
example, LVL is made from sheets of veneer, PSL is made

from veneer strands, OSL is made from large flakes.
SCL products are used as substitutes for dimension lumber and
timbers in construction, e.g., headers, stair treads, joists,
rafters, posts, collector girders, even studs in tall walls. They
can also be resawn and used as components of other
products. For example, the flanges of an I-joist are usually
either an LVL or an LSL product.
values and general fastening instructions are published in the

SCL manufacturers evaluation report. The manufacturers of
these products are experts in wood materials, not fasteners,
so their general fastener instructions may require careful
review when considering fastener solutions.
The anatomy of SCL products is three-dimensional, so the

fastener performance will be different if the fastener enters
through the face or the edge or the end of the product.
Just as sawn lumber has a specific gravity that is assigned
for connection design, SCL products have specific gravity
assigned for connection design. In fact, SCL products might
have multiple specific gravities assigned depending on
orientation of the fastener to the wood materials. The specific
gravity used for connection design in SCL products is called
the Equivalent Specific Gravity. Equivalent specific gravity
5
[[ Single
& Faste
|| SINGLE-FASTENER CONNECTION GEOMETRY ||
The engineering performance of nailed and stapled connections is predicated on their geometry and loading.
Three basic connections are described: (1) face-nail connection, (2) toe-nail connection, (3) end-nail connection.
he anatomy of a single-fastener face-nail connection
is shown in Figure 6 to illustrate the parts of the
connection. The main member is the part where
the fastener tip is embedded, while the side member is the
part that is attached to the main member with the fastener
and is between the fastener head and the main member. It
is assumed that the fastener has penetrated perpendicular to
the grain by entering the main member and the side member
through the face grain. It is also assumed that this connection
is loaded as shown in Figure 6, where arrows indicate withdrawal,
shear, and a combination of withdrawal and shear shown
asoff-axis. The withdrawal forces tend to separate the side
member from the main member by pulling on the nail. On the
other hand, shear forces tend to slide the side member relative
to the main member, causing the nail to bend or the main or
side member to crush on the nail shank. The off-axis force can
result in a combination of events including simultaneous
separation of the side member from the main member and
sliding of the side member relative to the main member.
The engineered performance of the connection assumes that
the nail has penetrated the main member by a length at least
ten times the shank diameter to generate the full shear capacity
of the fastener. The nail is installed with the bottom of the
head pressing on the sheathing or the side member, and the
nail should not be driven deeper than the head thickness.
The toe-nail connection is based on geometry that is shown
in Figure 7. The fastener is driven at an angle of 30 degrees to
the side member and at an end distance from the side member
so that approximately one-third of the fastener length is in the
side member and the rest of the fastener is embedded in the
main member. Toe-nail connections can be loaded in shear and
withdrawal just like face-nail connections.
End-nail connections are like face-nail connections in geometry
except that the main member is oriented so that the nail is embedded
in the end grain of the wood (Figure 8). These connections are
designed to resist only shear. They are not designed to resist withdrawal because end-grain nail withdrawal resistance is highly variable.
Figure 6. Geometry of a single-fastener face-nail connection.

Withdrawal
Off axis
L = Ls+P
Shear
Side member
Grain direction
Main member
Grain direction
Figure 7. Toe-nail connection geometry.

30
Toe nail connection

L
Ls=L/3
Lm
Figure 8. Grain direction in an end-nail connection; the arrows

indicate grain direction in each member.
End nail connection
Side member
Grain direction
Main
member
Grain direction
e-Fastener Connection Geometry

ener Corrosion Resistance ]]
|| FASTENER CORROSION RESISTANCE ||

Corrosion is one of the principle means of metal deterioration. It involves any electrochemical process
that produces the unintended deterioration of metals starting at the object surface. Corrosion can
be caused by exposure to marine environments, chemicals in the wood, wood acidity, elevated
moisture in the wood and environment, and even contact between dissimilar metals.
mproper selection of a corrosion resistant fastener
can lead to a cosmetic failure such as wood staining
or streaking. Far worse, the inappropriate fastener
could be a contributor to structural failure. Stainless steel
should be the builders, architects or homeowners first
choice when specifying a fastener in a location that is prone
to corrosion or staining. Stainless steel provides the best
resistance to corrosion over the lifespan of a structure. Steel
fasteners can effectively be used in corrosive applications if
a barrier or sacrificial coating such as zinc is used. The most
common form of corrosion protection for steel fasteners is
zinc-galvanization. The zinc coating is often nearly pure zinc
and can be applied through one of three processes: electrogalvanization, mechanical galvanization, or hot-dip galvanization.
One advantage to electro- or mechanical zinc-galvanized nails
is that they are often treated with a chromate coating to
passivate the zinc, which protects the zinc while the
protective stable oxides (zinc carbonates) form on the surface.
The building codes require that steel nails are hot-dip

galvanized to ASTM A153, Class D, which is a zinc coating that
is an average of 1 oz/ft2 and no individual can be coated with
less than 0.85 oz/ft2 zinc. However, certain Stanley
Bostitch fasteners use alternate zinc application methods,
barrier coatings or combinations of the two. Internal and third
party testing has confirmed that Stanley Bostitch
THICKCOAT fasteners provide corrosion resistance
performance equal to or greater than the ASTM A153 Class D
fastener when exposed to moisture, salt and preservative wood
chemicals.ESR-1482 and ESR-1539 issued by ICC-ES show
that Stanley Bostitch THICKCOAT nails comply with and
are suitable alternatives to the nails specified in the codes.
C
4
C
5
When specifying nails for metal connectors, use nails that

are compatible with the metal hardware, e.g., use galvanized
nails with galvanized hardware, stainless steel nails with
stainless steel hardware, and brite nails with bare steel.
A zinc coated fastener, when exposed to a corrosive

environment, can form a white substance on the surface
that is referred to as white rust. White rust, which is visible
zinc hydroxide compounds, can occur when fresh zinc
is exposed to water. The formation of zinc hydroxide
compounds inhibit development of more stable and
protective zinc carbonate compounds. Light amounts of
white rusting do not harm the long-term corrosion resistance.
As corrosion on the fasteners progresses further, red rust can
appear on the surface of the fastener. Red rust is the result
of iron oxidation and is usually hydrated iron in the form of
hydrous ferrous oxide. Red rust only forms on iron and steel
products, so red rust on fasteners is the result of oxidation of
steel impurities in the zinc coating or exposure of steel base
metal. Red rust can cause staining or streaking of the
surrounding wood and is an indication that the further
protection of the steel fastener is being compromised.
7
[[ Fastene
|| FASTENER SELECTION AND SUBSTITUTION ||
Fasteners are the critical link in the load path of a building structure. They provide structural
integrity and are a major point of energy dissipation under seismic and wind loads. Diligence in
fastener specification and installation will affect the building system resistance to expected design
loads, such as, wind, seismic loads or the live load of a party on a deck.
n the design process, the designer, whether it is
the builder, architect or engineer, determines the
loads that the structure could potentially realize and
assures the proper fasteners are specified and installed. If
one or more of the specified fasteners are not available, the
designer needs a method to identify a substitute fastener
that will facilitate the designed performance of the structure.
and the local building regulations provide the basis for loads
to be considered. An engineer may have to examine several
combinations of loads following the building code guidelines to
establish the required building system resistance. The second
step is to establish minimum fastener size and installation
patterns that when combined with the framing and sheathing
will resist the expected load.
The first step in the fastener selection process is to identify

the loads that the structure will realize during its expected
lifetime. For instance, a structure built in a hurricane prone
coastline will be designed to resist high wind forces, which
is a different design problem than heavy snow loads. The
geographic location, wind, seismic, and snow load maps,
The fastener schedules are not identical for all building codes. The
required fasteners of the 40-plus connections in a typical lightframe structure are specific to the controlling building code. This
Guide provides fastener solutions that satisfy the IBC and IRC.
Figure 9. Excerpt from the Guide, Chapter 9, Table 8, Prescriptive Wall Framing
Connection Description
HurriQuake
Bostitch Fasteners [other fasteners see pg. 38]
Top or Sole Plate-to-Stud (7)(E)
Nail
Quantity
Length x Diameter (inch)
Catalog #
Quantity or Spacing
Product
Code
HQ1
3.5 x 0.162
RH-S16D162EP
HQ2
3 x 0.148
3.25 x 0.131
3 x 0.131
RH-S10D148EP
S12D131-FH
S10D131-FH
I
G,H
G,H
3.25 x 0.120
3 x 0.120
S12D-FH
S10D-FH
F
F
3.5 x 0.162
RH-S16D162EP
3 x 0.148
3.25 x 0.131
3 x 0.131
3.25 x 0.120
3 x 0.120
2.5 x 0.131
RH-S10D148EP
S12D131-FH
S10D131-FH
S12D-FH
S10D-FH
S8D131-FH
I
G,H
G,H
F
F
G,H
2.374 x 0.113
2 x 0.113
2.25 x 0.099
S8D-FH
S6D-FH
D,E
D,E
B,C
top or sole plate-to-stud (7)(E)
Top or Sole Plate-to-Stud (8)(T)
HQ1
HQ2
er Selection & Substitution ]]

Example
[Fasteners for Framing Connections]
A light-frame structure is typically

assembled with nominal 2-by materials
that are the frame for the exterior walls,
roof and floors and interior walls. The
framing fastener requirements are
prescriptive, that is, the fasteners for
framing connections can be determined
from the framing schedule in the
applicable building code subject to the
restrictions of the tables.
As an example, determine the required
fasteners for the stud-to-sole plate
connection made by driving the nail
through the plate into the stud. To find
the permitted fasteners, find the
appropriate table in Chapter 9 (an
excerpt is shown in Figure 9), find the
connection description in the table
(highlighted), then select the fastener
that works with your tooling and
customer requirements.
The table illustrated in Figure 9 shows
the top plate-to-stud or sole plate-tostud connection can be made as an
end-nail connection with the
commodity fasteners or HurriQuake
nails using quantity listed. For example,
two 3.5 x 0.162 nails can be used, or
at the same time, three HQ1 fasteners
or four 3 x 0.120 nails can be used as
substitutes. All of the alternatives listed for
each connection will provide perfomance
that meets or exceeds the prescribed
connection in model building codes.
Figure 10. Table locator specification sheet to identify the applicable table for sheathing
Attribute
Responses
Component
Shear wall or Diaphragm
Type of sheathing
OSB, Structural 1 plywood, other
Sheathing thickness
3/8, 7/16, 15/32, 19/32, 23/32
Framing spacing
16 or 24
Case number (sheathing

layout floors and roofs)
1,2,3,4,5,6
Blocking (floors and roofs)
Yes or No
Framing thickness
2 or 3
Species of wood framing
DF/SP or other
a fastener and fastener schedule when

either (1) a given shear load is to be
resisted or (2) the prescribed fastener
must be substituted.
Fastener Schedule to Resist a Known
Shear Load
Finding the fastener and installation
schedule in the tables is accomplished
by first completing the worksheet of
Figure 10. Follow this procedure to identify
suitable alternative fasteners:
> Use the component and sheathing
information to locate the correct design
table.
> Scan the design table to find the
design cell(s) that meet or exceed the
required shear resistance.
Conditions
> From the design cell, scan across

the row to the left of the table to find
the appropriate fastener and scan up
the column to the heading to find the
required nail spacing.
As an example, consider that it has been
determined that a shear wall needs
to resist a shear force of 400 lbf/ft.
OSB, 7/16 thickness is the sheathing
that is intended to be used on framing
spaced 24 inches on center. The framing
members are Douglas Fir-Larch. Find the
appropriate nails and spacing.

First, complete the table locator
specification sheet. The completed
table locator specification sheet is
used to find Table 20 Guide, Chapter 12
An example for a shear wall with the determined conditions below.

Attribute
Responses
Conditions
Component
Shear wall
Type of sheathing
OSB
[Fasteners for Roof, Wall and Floor Sheathing]
Sheathing thickness
3/8, 7/16, 15/32, 19/32, 23/32
7/16
The determination of the correct fasteners

for roof, wall, and floor sheathing
attachment can also be done using
prescriptive tables, but some information
about the loads and the framing
systems are needed to correctly use
the tables. The examples are for selecting
Framing spacing
16 or 24
24

1,2,3,4,5,6
NA
Examples
C
6
Yes or No
NA
Framing thickness
2 or 3
DF/SP or other
DF
9
[[ Fastene
(Shear wall, 7/16 OSB sheathing), which
is the appropriate table for this
component built with this specific
sheathing and framing. The table is
been reproduced in this section for
convenience as Figure 11.
The highlighted cells reference the
fastener at the largest fastener spacing
that meets the requirement. Enter the
table at the cell that meets the required
shear resistance. Look to the left of the
table (Product code column) and find
the fasteners that provide the required
resistance (HQ1, HQ2 or I). Look up
the column to find the perimeter nail
spacing (4 inch). The Product codes
can be translated utilizing the Product
Code letters in the tables of Bostitch
fasteners in Guide, Section 14. In this
case, the use of the HQ1 may be a better
choice because it minimizes the chance
of splitting of the framing members.
Fastener Substitution for a

Prescribed Fastener
The building codes give a fastener
schedule based on a sheathing thickness
and fastener size for a specific application.
However, job site conditions and fastener
availability may force the choice of an
alternate fastener or a different spacing.
The Guide can be used totranslate the
code specified prescriptive fastener to
an acceptable substitute.
For example, if a standard floor is to be
built in compliance with the 2006 IRC
in a 100 mph wind zone and a seismic
category D2, a permissible fastener and
spacing would be 2.5 x 0.131 nail
at 6 edge and 12 field spacing. For
this example, the building construction
is 19/32 Plywood sheathing, 24 on
center joist spacing, the joists are DF-L,
and the floor is not blocked.
In order to determine an equivalent

fastener, complete the table locator
specification sheet as shown.
The design information identifies Table
17 in the Guide as the applicable table
for fastener alternatives. The table is
reproduced as Figure 12 for convenience.
First, determine the resistance of the
prescriptive code fastener, which is
the cell where the prescribed Fastener
row intersects with the Unblocked
Diaphragm Cases column. This design
cell shows 180 lbf/ft as highlighted in
Figure 12.
Then, any fastener that provides a resistance
equal to or greater than 180 lbf/ft can
be used. If the diaphragm remains
unblocked, HQ1, HQ2, or I (3 x 0.148)
are substitutes at the same spacing.
Changes in the diaphragm construction
Figure 11. Table 20 from Guide, Chapter 12 for shear walls with 7/16 OSB sheathing subject to wind and seismic loading.
Product
code
Nail diameter
(inches)
Minimum fastener
length (inches)
Allowable shear wall values, Fv (lb/ft)

Fastener spacing at panel edges (inches)
6
Framing spacing: 16 o.c.

HQ1
0.113
2 1/2
310
465
620
790
HQ2
0.131
2 1/2
320
490
640
835
HQ1
0.113
2 1/2
265
415
10
530
705
HQ2
0.131
2 1/2
265
410
530
695
0.148
280
430
550
730
G,H
0.131
2 1/2
260
390
520
665
0.120
220
335
445
565
D, E
0.113
200
300
400
510
B, C
0.099
2 1/4
160
240
320
405
0.092
2 1/4
140
210
280
360
15 gauge
1 3/4
210
320
425
540
16 gauge
1 1/2
170
260
345
440
er Selection & Substitution ]]

will have an effect on the choice of
fastener. For example, by blocking the
diaphragm, a small fastener such as
an 0.092 diameter can be used at
a 4edge and 12 field spacing, and
achieve the same design capacity.
Attribute
Responses
Conditions
Component
Diaphragm
Type of sheathing
Other
Sheathing thickness
3/8, 7/16, 15/32, 19/32, 23/32
19/32
Framing spacing
16 or 24
24

1,2,3,4,5,6
Unblocked 2-6
Yes or No
Unblocked
Framing thickness
2 or 3
DF/SP or other
DF
Figure 12. Table 17 from Guide, Chapter 11 for diaphragms with 19/32 plywood sheathing subject to wind and seismic loading.
Fastener
Product
code
Nominal
diameter
(inch)
Minimum
length
(inches)
Framing
minimum
width
(inches)
Blocked diaphragms
Unblocked diaphragms
Fastener spacing (in.) at diaphragm

boundaries (all cases), at continuous panel
edges parallel to load (cases 3, 4) and at all
panel edges (cases 5, 6)
Fasteners spaced 6
maximum at supported edges
HQ1
HQ1
HQ2
HQ2
I
0.113
2 1/2
0.131
2 1/2
0.148
I
G,H
0.131
2 1/2
G,H
F
0.120
F
D,E
Cases 2, 3,
4, 5, 6
2
3
2
3
310
350
365
415
415
465
490
550
620
695
740
830
705
790
835
940
280
310
330
370
210
235
245
275
320
425
640
730
285
215
360
480
720
820
320
240
270
360
540
610
240
180
305
405
605
685
270
200
230
310
465
525
205
155
260
350
520
590
235
175
210
280
420
475
185
140
235
315
470
535
210
155
0.099
2 1/4
170
225
340
385
150
115
190
255
380
435
170
125
0.092
2 1/4
150
205
305
345
135
100
170
230
340
390
155
115
215
290
435
495
195
145
245
325
490
555
215
165
175
235
350
400
155
115
200
265
395
450
175
130
15 gauge
J
K
Case 1
A
J
B,C
A
2.5
Nail spacing at other panel edges (cases 1,

2, 3, 4)
6
6
4
3
0.113
D,E
B,C
16 gauge
1 1/2
C
6
11
[[ Single-N
|| SINGLE-NAIL WITHDRAWAL DESIGN ||
Withdrawal resistance depends on the specific gravity of the main member in the connection, the
nominal fastener diameter, and the penetration length of the fastener into the main member of the
connection. The NDS design function is the result of withdrawal testing fasteners (0.099
diameter 0.375) from many commercial species that represent a range of specific gravities
(0.31 G 0.73). Withdrawal resistance for various nails are shown in Table 3.
he HurriQuake nails are designed for withdrawal
using design functions that are different from the
NDS withdrawal function for nails. The HurriQuake
design functions are based on statistical analysis of test data.
In the NDS, equation, G= specific gravity of the main
member, and D is the diameter of the nail, and in the
HurriQuake equations, G is specific gravity of the main
member and diameter is included as a constant, 0.113 or
0.131. The result of the NDS and HurriQuake equations (W)
is the withdrawal resistance per inch of penetration in the
main member for normal duration loads.
The result of the NDS and HurriQuake equations (W) is the
withdrawal resistance per inch of penetration in the main
member for normal duration loads.
NDS withdrawal design
HQ withdrawal design
W=1380G2.5D
HQ1 and HQ3:

W=1555G1.4.113
HQ2 and HQ4:
W=1495G1.5.131
* The HQ3 and HQ4 are 3 long versions of the HurriQuake nail. They may require special
nailers for proper installation.
The design values shall be multiplied by all applicable

adjustment factors, such as load duration, wet service, toe
nail, end-grain, and temperature following the NDS.
Withdrawal resistance for other deformed-shank nails should
not be designed with the HurriQuake functions because
they do not have the same shank characteristics. For other
screw-shank or ring-shank nails, the withdrawal resistance is
calculated as 110% of the NDS function based on the
fastener nominal diameter.
The example shows that the HQ1 provides more than twice
the withdrawal resistance of an 8d common or a ring-shank
12
nail of the same diameter. The HQ4 provides more than three
times the withdrawal resistance of the 8d common. The HQ1
and HQ2 can be substituted for sheathing nails as big as 10d
common (3 x 0.148) for withdrawal applications and at the
same time the HurriQuake nails will improve design capacity.
Withdrawal example

Given: The framing is SPF (G=0.42), and the side

member is 7/16 OSB.
What is the normal duration withdrawal resistance of
an 8d common nail?
W8dcom=21 lbf/ and Lm = 2.5. -0.4375 = 2.06
R8dcom = 20.7 lbf/ x 2.06 = 42.6 lbf
What is the normal duration withdrawal resistance of
an HQ1 nail?
WHQ1 = 52 lbf/ and Lm = 2.5 -0.4375. = 2.06
RHQ1 = 52 lbf/ x 2.06 = 107 lbf
Nail Withdrawal Design ]]
C
7
Table 3. Nail withdrawal values for normal duration loads, lbf/inch of penetration in the main member.
Product code
Shank diameter (inch)
Withdrawal resistance, W (lbf/in.) by specific gravity

0.36
0.42
0.43
0.50
0.55
HurriQuake
HQ1
0.113
42
52
54
67
76
HQ2
0.131
44
55
57
72
83
A,B
0.097, 0.099
10
15
16
24
30
0.105
11
17
18
26
33
0.113
12
18
19
28
35
0.120
13
19
20
29
37
0.131
14
21
22
32
41
0.148
16
23
25
36
46
0.162
17
26
27
43
50
Smooth shank
Deformed Shank
C
0.097, 0.099
11
17
18
26
33
0.113
13
20
21
30
38
0.120
14
21
22
32
41
0.128
15
22
24
34
44
13
[[ Singl
Connect
|| SINGLE-FASTENER CONNECTION LATERAL SHEAR DESIGN ||
The reference lateral shear design values (Z) for smooth-shank nails are determined using the
single-shear yield limit equations of the NDS. The yield limit equations describe six modes of
yielding in a single-shear nail connection. The values of all six equations are calculated and the
lowest value of the six is the controlling yield value.
o determine the allowable shear design value, the
Z-value is multiplied by all applicable adjustment
factors, e.g., duration of load, moisture, temperature,
end-grain, and toe-nail adjustment factors.
Mode Im
Yield in the main member
Mode Is
Yield in the side member
Mode II
Yield by fastener grid rotation
Mode IIIm
Fastener yield with a single plastic hinge

within main member
Mode IIIs
Fastener yield with a single plastic hinge

within side member
Mode IV
Fastener yield with two plastic hinges
Input for the calculations with the yield limit equations

includes, nail diameter, thickness of side member, penetration
in main member, dowel bearing capacity of main member
from NDS tables, dowel bearing capacity of side member and
bending yield strength of the fastener.
Most sheathing-to-framing connections are controlled by the
Mode IIIs yield limit. Some connections with large nails and thin
side members can be controlled by Mode Is, where the strength
of the side member controls the connection design. Regardless
of the yield limit, the reduction factor is in the range of 3.5 to 5.0.
The HurriQuake nail shear design values are based on test
data and a reduction factor of 5.0 rather than yield limit
equations. Their safety factor has been evaluated and
exceeds many nails. Shear design values for the HurriQuake
nails can be estimated using the yield limit equations, but the
resulting design values will be extremely conservative. Test
data shows that for sheathing applications, the Hurriquake
safety factors are in the range of 9 to 12 for connections
designed with the yield limit equations, which is approximately
twice the factor of safety for smooth-shank and deformed-
14
shank nails. For this reason, it is recommended that shear

design is done using the design functions as presented in
this document when calculating Z-values for HurriQuake
nails. At the same time, the HurriQuake design functions for
lateral shear should not be applied to other deformed-shank
nails because the result will have an unknown level of safety.
8.1 Sheathing-to-Framing Connections
Design for sheathing that is part of a lateral force resisting
system relies on the shear resistance of single-fastener
connections as well as the sheathing material and the framing
specific gravity. Reference design values for smooth and
deformed shank nails can be calculated using the NDS yield
mode equations. The HurriQuake equation format provides
the designer with easy to use functions for single-fastener
lateral shear resistance based on the known framing and
sheathing. The HurriQuake design functions are based on
statistical analysis of test data. The yield mode for HurriQuake
nails with sheathing is almost always Mode IIIs. Mode I and
Mode II do not occur with plywood and OSB sheathing
products and typical sheathing nails.
Design values of Table 4 or values calculated from the design
functions of Table 5 shall be multiplied by appropriate
adjustment values following the NDS, which includes (ASD)
duration of load, wet service, temperature, group action,
end-grain, diaphragm, and toe-nail adjustments.
The example shows that for the lateral capacity of the example
connection, HQ1 will have lateral resistance that is 50%
greater than the lateral resistance of the 8d common. This
design example also shows that the smaller HQ1 can offer
superior connection strength to the larger HQ2 nails in this
particular connection. The HurriQuake nails with a smaller
shank diameter work better here because they have a slightly
larger head-to-shank area ratio than the HQ2. Analysis shows
that the HQ1 and HQ2 can be substituted for the 10d common
le-Fastener
tion Lateral Shear Design ]]
(3 x 0.148) in most all shear wall and
diaphragm applications with improved
design capacity.
Example [Lateral resistance of
single-fastener connections]
Given: The framing is SPF-South
(G=0.36), and the sheathing is 3/8
Structural 1 Plywood.
What is the singlefastener lateral

shear resistance (Z) for an 8d
common for normal duration loads?
Find the values for dowel bearing
capacity for the main and side members
in the NDS, Chapter 11. For the framing material, Fem=2550 psi, and for the
plywood, Fes=4650 psi. The geometry
of the connection is L=2.5, Ls=0.375,
and penetration in the main member
Lm=2.5-0.375=2.125 Check the

penetration to diameter ratio, 2.125 /
0.131 = 16.2, and 16.2 > 10,
therefore penetration is sufficient.
Using the NDS yield limit equations, the
controlling resistance is Z8dcom=58.4 lbf
(Mode IIIs).
Table 4. Single-fastener shear values, Z (lbf) for typical sheathing products by wood species specific gravity.
Product code
Nail diameter
Side member
(thickness, material)
Lateral shear resistance, Z (lbf) by main member specific gravity

0.42
0.43
0.50
0.55
HQ1
0.113
3/8 plywood
93
93
98
HQ2
0.131
structural 1
90
92
103
112
D, E
0.113
50
51
54
56
102
G, H
0.131
65
66
71
73
0.148
78
79
85
88
HQ1
0.113
HQ2
0.131
7/16 OSB
77
78
80
82
77
78
81
84
D, E
0.113
52
53
56
58
G, H
0.131
67
68
73
75
0.148
80
81
87
90
HQ1
0.113
15/32 plywood
90
90
91
92
HQ2
0.131
structural 1
103
103
104
104
D, E
0.113
54
54
58
60
G, H
0.131
69
70
74
77
0.148
82
83
88
91
HQ1
0.113
HQ2
0.131
3/8 plywood
78
80
89
96
78
80
89
96
D, E
0.113
45
46
48
49
G, H
0.131
59
59
63
65
0.148
71
72
76
79
HQ1
0.113
HQ2
0.131
15/32 plywood
101
101
105
108
93
93
97
100
D, E
0.113
47
47
50
51
G, H
0.131
61
61
65
67
0.148
72
73
78
80
HQ1
0.113
HQ2
0.131
19/32 plywood
93
93
97
100
100
100
102
103
D, E
0.113
50
51
54
55
G, H
0.131
64
65
68
70
0.148
76
77
81
84
C
8
15
[[ Singl
Connect
What is the single-fastener shear
resistance for HQ1 and HQ3 with the
same framing and sheathing
combination as the previous example?
What is the single-fastener shear

resistance for HQ2 and HQ4 with the
same framing and sheathing
combination?
Use the equation from the evaluation

report for nail diameter 0.113 and
side member 3/8- Structural 1
Plywood, ZHQ113=125G0.345. Then,
ZHQ113=125(0.36)0.345=87.9 lbf
Use the equation from the evaluation

report for nail diameter 0.131 and
side member 3/8-in, Structural 1
Plywood, ZHQ131=180G0.800. Then,
ZHQ131=180(0.36)0.800=79.5 lbf.
8.2 Connections for 2-by

Members to Members of the
Same Specific Gravity
The nails listed in the upper portion of
Table 6 have either smooth or deformed
shanks. The lateral shear capacity of
smooth-shank and deformed-shank
framing connections (Z) is from the
NDS yield limit equations. However,
the HurriQuake design capacities are
based on tests with HurriQuake nails.
Testing in an accredited laboratory
Table 5. Design functions for single-fastener shear connections made with HurriQuake nails.
Sheating panel
Type/grade
Reference lateral design value, Z (lbf)

Thickness, (inch)
HurriQuake Nail, Diameter = 0.113

Plywood structural 1/OSB
Plywood/single floor and other grades in

DOC PS1 and PS2
3/8
125G 0.345
7/16
95G 0.240
15/32
95G 0.062
7/8
250G 1.215
3/8
150G 0.750
15/32
125G 0.250
19/32
120G 0.300
3/8
180G 0.800
7/16
100G 0.300
15/32
105G 0.020
7/8
110G 0.200
3/8
150G 0.750
15/32
120G 0.300
19/32
110G 0.115
23/32
115G 0.205
HurriQuake Nail, Diameter = 0.131
Plywood structural 1/OSB
Plywood/single floor and other grades in

DOC PS1 and PS2
a Reference lateral design values from design functions are for normal loads and must be adjusted with all applicable adjustment factors.
b 0.36 G 0.50. If G > 0.50, use G=0.50 in calculation.
c For nominal lateral design values of other configurations with sawn lumber and engineered wood products, use NDS, Section 11.3, where
sheathing specific gravity, G, and dowel-bearing strength, Fes, for wood structural panels are according to NDS Table 11.3.2B, and
Fyb=100,000 psi.
16
le-Fastener
tion Lateral Shear Design ]]
showed that many typical coderecognized fasteners have reduction
factors less than 5, while the design
values for HurriQuake nails are based
on reduction factors of 5.0.
Lateral shear design values for
face-nailed connections with
HurriQuake nails can be calculated for
wood or engineered wood products
with other specific gravities. These
design functions are for a nominal 2-by
side member (actual thickness 1.5)
face-nailed to a main member that is at
least a nominal 2-by and both members
in the connection have the same
specific gravity or equivalent specific
gravity. The calculated value is for
normal duration loads (lbf),
HQ1
ZHQ1 = 175G1.2
HQ2
ZHQ2 = 195G1.2
HQ3
ZHQ3 = 370G1.5
HQ4
ZHQ4 = 245G0.9
These design functions should not be used for other fasteners because the
result is valid only for HurriQuake nail products.
C
8
Table 6. Normal duration lateral shear capacity, Z (lbf) for two-member face-nailed 2-by lumber connections of the same specific gravity.
Fastener
Connection lateral strength, Z (lbf), by specific gravity
Product code
Length (inch)
Shank diameter
(inch)
0.42 (SPF)
0.43 (Hem-Fir)
0.5 (DF-L)
0.55 (SP)
3 1/2
0.162
120
122
141
154
3 1/2
0.135
88
89
103
113
3 1/4
0.148
100
102
118
128
0.148
100
102
118
128
G, H
0.131
82
84
97
106
0.128
79
80
93
101
G, H
2 1/2
0.131
62
64
74
81
HQ1
2 1/2
0.113
62
64
76
85
HQ2
2 1/2
0.131
69
71
85
95
17
[[ Prescrip
|| PRESCRIPTIVE FRAMING CONNECTIONS ||
Framing connections are made as Face-nail connections [F], End-nail connections
[E], or Toe-nail connections [T]. The geometries of the three types of connections
are discussed in Chapter 4 of this Guide.
ingle fastener connections are calculated by using the
NDS yield limit equations assuming that the connection
is a face-nail connection. Then, end-nail connections and
toe-nail connections are calculated using the face-nail connection
design value that is adjusted for the end-nail or toe-nail geometry.
For toe-nail connections the adjustment is for shear or withdrawal
depending on the planned loading. End-nail connections are
adjusted only for shear because withdrawal resistance cannot be
assigned to end-nail connections.
Framing connections can be made with either smooth-shank nails
or deformed-shank nails. If the connections are being calculated,
the same NDS yield limit equations are used for smooth-shank
nails and deformed shank nails. Allowable lateral shear design
values cannot be increased for generic deformed-shank nails. The
HurriQuake nails have lateral shear design functions that are a

discussed in Chapter 8 of this Guide. The HurriQuake functions
are used where the main and side members of the connection
have the same specific gravity and the side member is assumed
to be 1-1/2 thick. The HurriQuake design functions cannot be
used to design connections with commodity nails.
For this Guide, framing connections are divided into Floor,
Wall, and Roof and Ceiling Connections. Each entry in the tables
includes a description of the connection. The parenthetical
number, e.g., (1), (2), (3), etc., corresponds to the number in the
IBC Fastening Schedule. The type of connection, e.g., face-nail,
toe-nail, or end-nail, is shown in brackets [F, T, or E]. The tables
show the number of HurriQuake nails and other nails that will
produce performance equivalent to that of the codes.
v
Table 7. Prescriptive floor framing connections
joist-to-band joist (29)(E)
Joist-to-band joist (29)[E]
ledger strip (30)(F)
Ledger strip (30)[F]
joist-to-sill or girder or
(1)(T) girder (1)[T]
Joist-to-sill
18
HurriQuake
Nail
Quantity
HQ1
4
Commonly Available Bostitch Fasteners [other fasteners see pg. 38]

Length x Diameter (inch) Catalog #
Quantity or Spacing
Product
Code
3.5 x 0.162
RH-S16D162EP
HQ2
3 x 0.148
3.25 x 0.131
3 x 0.131
RH-S10D148EP
S12D131-FH
S10D131-FH
I
G.H
G,H
3.25 x 0.120
3 x 0.120
S12D-FH
S12D-FH
F
F
3.5 x 0.162
RH-S16D162EP
3 x 0.148
3.25 x 0.131
3 x 0.131
RH-S10D148EP
S12D131-FH
S10D131-FH
I
G.H
G,H
HQ1
HQ2
3.25 x 0.120
3 x 0.120
S12D-FH
S12D-FH
F
F
HQ1
2.5 x 0.131
3 x 0.148
3.25 x 0.131
S8D131-FH
RH-S1D0148EP
S12D131-FH
G,H
I
G,H
HQ2
3 x 0.131
3.25 x 0.120
3 x 0.120
S10D131-FH
S12D-FH
S10D-FH
G,H
F
F
ptive Framing Connections ]]
Table 7. [continued]
blocking (joist or rafter) to-top plater (13)(T)
Blocking (joist or rafter) to top plate
(13)[T]
HurriQuake
Nail
Quantity

Product
Quantity or Spacing Code
HQ1
2.5 x 0.131
3 x 0.148
3.25 x 0.131
S8D131-FH
RH-S10D148EP
S12D131-FH
G
I
G,H
HQ2
3 x 0.131
3.25 x 0.120
3 x 0.120
S10D131-FH
S12D-FH
S10D-FH
G,H
F
F
HQ1
2.5 x 0.131
S8D131-FH
G,H
3.25 x 0.120
3 x 0.120
2.375 x 0.113
S12D-FH
S10D-FH
S8D-FH
F
F
E,D
bridging to joist (2)(T)
Bridging-to-joist (2)[T](fasteners at
each end)
HQ2
2 x 0.113
S6D-FH
E,D
HQ1
6 in oc
2.5 x 0.113
S8D-FH
6 in oc
E,D
3.5 x 0.162
RH-S16D162EP
8 in oc
3 x 0.148
3.25 x 0.131
3 x 0.131
3.25 x 0.120
RH-S10D148EP
S12D131-FH
S10D131-FH
S12D-FH
6 in oc
I
G,H
G,H
F
3 x 0.120
S10D-FH
4 in oc
2.375 x 0.113
S8D-FH
6 in oc
E,D
rim joist-to-top plate (14)(T)
Rim joist-to-top plate (14)[T]
Built-up girders and beams, 2

layers (IRC)[F]
built-up girders and beams
HQ2
6 in oc
2 x 0.113
2.25 x 0.099
S6DFH
3 in oc
E,D
B,C
HQ1
3.5 x 0.162
3 x 0.148
3.25 x 0.131
3 x 0.131
RH-S16D162EP
RH-S10D148EP
S12D131-FH
S10D131-FH
3, 24 in oc
L
I
G,H
G,H
3.25 x 0.120
3 x 0.120
S12D-FH
S10D-FH
3, 16 in oc
F
F
sole plate-to-joist or blocking (6)(F)
Sole plate-to-joist or blocking (6)[F]
HQ2
2.5 x 0.131
S8D131-FH
4, 16 in oc
G,H
HQ1
1, 12 in oc
3.5 x 0.162
RH-S16D162EP
1, 16 in oc
HQ2
1, 16 in oc
3 x 0.131
S10D131-FH
1, 8 in oc
G,H
3.5 x 0.135
RH-S16D135EP
1, 16 in oc
C
9
19
[[ Prescrip
Table 8. Prescriptive wall framing connections
Top or sole plate-to-stud (7)[E]
HurriQuake
Nail
Quantity
HQ1
3

Quantity or Spacing
Product
Code
3.5 x 0.162
RH-S16D162EP
HQ2
3 x 0.148
3.25 x 0.131
3 x 0.131
RH-S10D148EP
S12D131-FH
S10D131-FH
I
G,H
G,H
3.25 x 0.120
3 x 0.120
S12D-FH
S10D-FH
F
F
3.5 x 0.162
RH-S16D62EP
3 x 0.148
3.25 x 0.131
3 x 0.131
3.25x 0.120
3 x 0.120
2.5 x 0.131
RH-S10D148EP
S12D131-FH
S10D131-FH
S12D-FH
S10D-FH
S8D131-FH
I
G,H
G,H
F
F
G,H
Top or sole plate-to-stud (8)[T]
HQ1
HQ2
2.375 x 0.113
2 x 0.113
2.25 x 0.099
S8D-FH
S6D-FH
D,E
D,E
B,C
HQ1
3.5 x 0.162
RH-S16D162EP
2 each side
HQ2
3 x 0.148
3.25 x 0.131
3 x 0.131
3.25 x 0.120
3 x 0.120
RH-S10D148EP
S12D131-FH
S10D131-FH
S12D-FH
S10D-FH
3 each side
I
G,H
G,H
F
F
HQ1
10
3.5 x 0.162
RH-S16D162EP
HQ2
10
3 x 0.131
S10D131-FH
12
G,H
3.5 x 0.135
RH-S16D135EP
3.5 x 0.135
RH-S16D135EP
3 per 16
3.5 x 0.162
RH-S16D162EP
2 per 16
3 x 0.148
3.25 x 0.131
S12D131-FH
S12D131-FH
3 per 16
I
G,H
3 x 0.131
3.25 x 0.120
3 x 0.120
S10D131-FH
S12D-FH
S10D-FH
4 per 16
G,H
F
F
top plate laps and intersections (13)(F)
Top plate laps and intersections (13)

[F]
Double top plate splices (10)[F]

dbouble top plate slices (10)(F)
Sole plate-to-joist or blocking at

braced walls (6)[F]
sole plate-to-joist blocking at braced walls (6)(F)
HQ1
HQ2
20
4
4
Table 8. [continued]
sole plate-to-joist blocking at braced walls (6)(F)
Sole plate-to-joist or blocking (6)[F]
double studs (9)(F)
Double top plates (10)[F]
HurriQuake
Nail
Quantity
HQ1
1, 12 in oc

Quantity or Spacing
Product
Code
3.5 x 0.162
RH-S16D162EP 16 in oc
HQ2
1, 16 in oc
3 x 0.148
3.25 x 0.131
3 x 0.131
3.25 x 0.120
3 x 0.120
RH-S10D148EP
S12D131-FH
S10D131-FH
S12D-FH
S10D-FH
I
G,H
G,H
F
F
HQ1
1, 12 in oc
3 x 0.148
3.5 x 0.162
RH-S16D162EP
I
L
HQ2
1, 12 in oc
3.25 x 0.131
3 x 0.131
3.25 x 0.120
3 x 0.120
S12D131-FH
S10D131-FH
S12D-FH
S10D-FH
G,H
G,H
F
F
HQ1
1, 8 in oc
3 x 0.148
3.5 x 0.162
RH-S16D162EP
I
L
HQ2
1, 8 in oc
3.25 x 0.131
3 x 0.131
3.25 x 0.120
3 x 0.120
S12D131-FH
S10D131-FH
S12D-FH
S10D-FH
G,H
G,H
F
F
HQ1
1, 24 in oc
3.5 x 0.162
3 x 0.148
3.25 x 0.131
3 x 0.131
RH-S10D148EP
S12D131-FH
S10D131-FH
16 in oc
I
G,H
G,H
3.25 x 0.120
3 x 0.120
S12D-FH
S10D-FH
12 in oc
F
F
dbouble top plate (10)(F)
Double studs (9)[F]

built-up corner studs (23)(F)
Built-up corner studs (23)[F]
HQ2
1, 24 in oc
8 in oc
12 in oc
8 in oc
C
9
21
[[ Prescrip
Table 9. Prescriptive roof and ceiling framing connections
Ceiling joist-to-plate (15)[T]
ceiling joist-to-plate (15)(T)
HurriQuake
Nail
Quantity
HQ1
5

Quantity or Spacing
Product
Code
3.5 x 0.162
RH-S16D162EP 3
3 x 0.148
RH-S10D148EP 4
I
G,H
G,H
F
F
D,E
HQ2
3.25 x 0.131
3 x 0.131
3.25 x 0.120
3 x 0.120
2.375 x 0.113
S12D131-FH
S10D131-FH
S12D-FH
S10D-FH
S8D-FH
HQ1
3.5 x 0.162
RH-S16D162EP 3
HQ2
3 x 0.148
3.25 x 0.131
3 x 0.131
3.25 x 0.120
3 x 0.120
RH-S10D148EP 4
S12D131-FH
S10D131-FH
S12D-FH
S10D-FH
I
G,H
G,H
F
F
HQ1
3.5 x 0.162
RH-S16D162EP 3
HQ2
3 x 0.148
3.25 x 0.131
3 x 0.131
3.25 x 0.120
3 x 0.120
RH-S10D148EP 4
S12D131-FH
S10D131-FH
S12D-FH
S10D-FH
I
G,H
G,H
F
F
HQ1
3.5 x 0.162
3 x 0.148
RH-S16D162EP 3
RH-S10D148EP
L
I
HQ2
3.25 x 0.131
3 x 0.131
3.25 x 0.120
3 x 0.120
S12D131-FH
S10D131-FH
S12D-FH
S10D-FH
G,H
G,H
F
F
HQ1
3 x 0.148
3.5 x 0.162
RH-S10D148EP 3
RH-S16D162EP
HQ2
3.25 x 0.131
3 x 0.131
3.25 x 0.120
3 x 0.120
S12D131-FH
S10D131-FH
S12D-FH
S10D-FH
ceiling joist laps over partition (17)(F)
Ceiling joist laps over partition (17)[F]
ceiling joist to parallel rafter (18)(F)
Ceiling joist-to-parallel rafter (18)[F]
lar tie-to-rafter(26)(F) (18)(F)
Collar tie-to-rafter (26)[F]
jack rafter-to-hip (28)(T)
Jack rafter-to-hip (28)[T]
22
I
L
G,H
G,H
F
F

jack rafter-to-hip (28)(F)
Table
9. [continued]
Jack rafter-to-hip (28)[F]
HurriQuake
Nail
Quantity
HQ1
3

Quantity or Spacing
Product
Code
3.5 x 0.162
RH-S16D162EP
HQ2
3 x 0.148
3.25 x 0.131
3 x 0.131
RH-S10D148EP
S12D131-FH
S10D131-FH
I
G,H
G,H
3.25 x 0.120
3 x 0.120
S12D-FH
S10D-FH
F
F
roof rafter-to-plate (19)(T)
Roof rafter-to-plate (19)[T]
HQ1
2.5 x 0.131
3.5 x 0.162
3 x 0.148
3.25 x 0.131
3 x 0.131
S8D131-FH
RH-S16D162EP
RH-S10D148EP
S12D131-FH
S10D131-FH
G
L
I
G,H
G,H
HQ2
3.25 x 0.120
3 x 0.120
S12D-FH
S10D-FH
F
F
2.375 x 0.113
2 x 0.113
S8D-FH
S6D-FH
D,E
D,E
B,C
2.25 x 0.099
roof rafter-to-2x ridge (28)(T)
Roof rafter-to-2x ridge (28)[T]
HQ1
3.5 x 0.162
RH-S16D162EP
HQ2
3 x 0.148
3.25 x 0.131
3 x 0.131
RH-S10D148EP
S12D131-FH
S10D131-FH
I
G,H
G,H
3.25 x 0.120
3 x 0.120
S12D-FH
S10D-FH
F
F
3.5 x 0.162
RH-S16D162EP
3 x 0.148
3.25 x 0.131
3 x 0.131
RH-S10D148EP
S12D131-FH
S10D131-FH
I
G,H
G,H
3.25 x 0.120
3 x 0.120
S12D-FH
S10D-FH
F
F
C
9
roof rafter-to-2x ridge (28)(F)
Roof rafter-to-2x ridge (28)[F]
HQ1
HQ2
23
[[ Fa
|| FASTENING METAL HARDWARE ||
Metal connector nails (MCN nails) are generally used with prefabricated, cold-formed
steel connection hardware in light-frame wood construction. Pneumatic nailing of the
metal connectors has become the preferred method of installation due to the speed
and ease of installation as compared to hand nailing.
he appropriate nail for the steel connector is
determined by the connector manufacturer and it
is up to the builder, engineer or architect to ensure
an acceptable fastener is used in the application. The overall
strength and stiffness of the connector typically relies on the
fastener so it is essential the correct fastener is used.
The first step to determining the correct fastener for a specific
use is to consult the metal hardware manufacturers literature
for the specific connector and determine the fastener
specification in terms of diameter and length. Often, fasteners for
metal connectors are shorter than nails used for other framing
connections, but the length depends upon the specific
connectors. Careful review of the table notes is necessary. If in
doubt, contact the connector manufacturer prior to installation.
The Stanley Bostitch MCN nails are offered in five nail sizes:
> 0.131 by 1-1/2
> 0.131 by 2-1/2
> 0.148 by 1-1/2
> 0.148 by 2-1/2
> 0.162 by 2-1/2
Due to the critical nature of the MCN fasteners applications, a
raised identification symbol is applied to Stanley Bostitch
nail heads during manufacturing (Figure 13). The head marking
facilitates inspection and verification of size after installation.
Figure 13. Illustration of the MCN nail head identification marking.
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
0.131 x 1-1/2 0.131 x 2-1/2 0.148 x 1-1/2 0.148 x 2-1/2 0.162 x 2-1/2
24
Each size of MCN nail is available as bright or galvanized and

the nails are available in heat-treated steel or non-heat-treated
steel. The same design values for shear and withdrawal
resistance are assigned to heat treated and non-heat treated
nails but the heat-treated nails can penetrate the steel plate
if the hole in the connector is missed during application. The
galvanized MCN nails are mechanically galvanized with a zinc
coating of 1 oz/ft2, which meets the specifications in ASTM
B695, Class 55 and is equivalent to the zinc level of ASTM
A153, Class D as shown in ESR-1482. Compliance of Stanley Bostitch MCN nails with the IBC and IRC is recognized
in ICC-ES evaluation report ESR-2122.
Design Values
The withdrawal and lateral design values of the MCN nails
are calculated using the formulas of the NDS. Metal plate
connector nails have minimum bending yield strength (Fyb)
in compliance with ASTM F1667 for low and medium carbon
steel nails, which are100,000 psi for the 0.131-diameter
nails and 90,000 psi for the 0.148and 0.162 nails. If the
MCN nails are heat-treated, then the actual Fyb values are
increased but the same basic Fyb has been used in the
calculation of connection capacity.
In general, the shear designs of thinner metal side members
(No. 10 to No. 20 gauge) are governed by the Mode IIIs yield
mode, while the thicker side members (No. 3 gauge and No.
7 gauge) are controlled by Mode IV. Table 10 gives typical
design values for MCN fasteners, wood and metal plate
combinations based on the NDS yield limit equations.
astening Metal Hardware ]]
Table 10. Reference lateral design values Z (lbf), for Stanley Bostitch MCN nails used in steel-to-wood connections for typical wood
specific gravities.
Head Identification
Product Code
Nail size (inches)
Shear design value 1,2,3 Z (lbf)

Species group of main member (specific gravity4)
Southern Pine (0.55) Douglas Fir-Larch (0.50) Spruce-Pine-Fir (0.42)
ASTM A653-SS Designation, Grade 33, No. 16-gauge side plates
B1, B2
MCN1, MCN2
0.131 1-1/2 (or 2-1/2)
103
96
82
B3, B4
MCN3, MCN4
0.148 1-1/2 (or 2-1/2)
122
113
97
B5
MCN5
0.162 2-1/2
149
137
118
ASTM A653-SS Designation, Grade 33, No. 18-gauge side pate

B1, B2
MCN1, MCN2
0.131 1-1/2 (or 2-1/2)
102
95
82
B3, B4
MCN3, MCN4
0.148 1-1/2 (or 2-1/2)
121
112
97
B5
MCN5
0.162 2-1/2
148
137
118
ASTM A653-SS Designation, Grade 33, No. 10-gauge side plate

B1, B2
MCN1, MCN2
0.131 1-1/2 (or 2-1/2)
126
117
102
B3, B4
MCN3, MCN4
0.148 1-1/2 (or 2-1/2)
149
138
120
B5
MCN5
0.162 2-1/2
172
160
139
ASTM A653-SS Designation, Grade 33, No. 20-gauge side plate

B1, B2
MCN1, MCN2
0.131 1-1/2 (or 2-1/2)
102
94
81
B3, B4
MCN3, MCN4
0.148 1-1/2 (or 2-1/2)
123
114
98
B5
MCN5
0.162 2-1/2
148
136
117
ASTM A1011-SS Designation, Grade 33, No. 3-gauge and No. 7-gauge side plates
B1, B2
MCN1, MCN2
0.131 1-1/2 (or 2-1/2)
144
133
114
B3, B4
MCN3, MCN4
0.148 1-1/2 (or 2-1/2)
175
161
138
B5
MCN5
0.162 2-1/2
204
188
165
ASTM A36, No.3-gauge side plate

B1, B2
MCN1, MCN2
0.131 1-1/2 (or 2-1/2)
146
134
114
B3, B4
MCN3, MCN4
0.148 1-1/2 (or 2-1/2)
176
162
138
B5
MCN5
0.162 2-1/2
211
194
170
Lateral design values are for normal loads and must be multiplied by all applicable adjustment factors in the applicable code.
C
1
0
Lateral design values are based on: Fyb = 100,000 psi (689 MPa) for 0.0131-inch (3.4 mm) diameter nails; Fyb = 90,000 psi (620
MPa) for 0.148-inch (3.8 mm) diameter nails and 0.162-inch (4.1 mm) diameter nails.
Base metal thickness for No. 3 gauge is 0.2391 inch (6.07 mm); base metal thickness for No. 7 gauge is 0.1793 inch (4.55 mm);
base metal thickness for No. 10 gauge is 0.1345 inch (3.42 mm); base metal thickness for No. 12-gauge is 0.1046 inch (2.66 mm);
base metal thickenss for No.16 gauge is 0.0540 inch (1.37 mm); base metal thickness for No. 18-gauge is 0.0480 inch (1.22 mm);
base metal thickness for No. 20 gauge is 0.0358 inch (0.91 mm); dowel bearing capacity (Fes) for ASTM A653, SS designation,
Grade 33 (No. 10 and No. 20 gauge) is 61,850 psi (426 MPa); dowel bearing strength for ASTM A570, Grade 33, No. 3 gauge is
78,000 psi (537 MPa), dowel bearing capacity for ASTM A1011, Grade 33 No. 7 gauge is 71,500 psi (493 MPa); dowel bearing capacity of ASTM A36, No. 3 gauge is 87,000 psi (599 MPa). Capacities of other configurations maybe
determined with appropriate engineering calculation using NDS, Section 11.
3
Actual specific gravity of sawn lumber or equivalent specific gravity for structural composite lumber as determined by ASTM D 5456.
25
|| DIAPHRAGM DESIGN ||
Diaphragms are flat or pitched assemblies that are part of the lateral force resisting system in the
building. The most recognizable diaphragms are the roof, whether flat or gable, and the floors.
he most recognizable diaphragms are the roof,
whether flat or gable, and the floors. The published
building code diaphragm design values are based
on work by the APA-The Engineered Wood Association. Unit
shear values for wind and seismic forces are calculated using
a numerical model that relies on the lateral shear design
values of single-fastener connections and incorporates
important construction details such as framing spacing,
perimeter fastening schedule, sheathing panel grade, and
failure due to sheathing buckling. The model employs
coefficients derived from test data and the model was validated
by full-scale tests. The HurriQuake diaphragm design values
are based on a similar general model that uses the singlefastener connection capacity and is calibrated to the building
code model. Unit shear design values are given in Tables 11
to 18 for sheathing materials based on thickness and grade.
Diaphragm Design and Construction Details
Diaphragm design values are for:
< Wind or seismic loadings
< Douglas-fir (G=0.50) or Southern Pine (G=0.55) framing
< Framing spacing is 24 o.c. unless otherwise stated
< Wood structural panels are attached to and in contact with
the framing.
Diaphragm Design Adjustments
1. All requirements of the applicable building code pertaining
to diaphragm design and construction shall be met.
2. The tabulated values are for short-term loads and should be
reduced for normal duration of load by 40 percent based on
the duration of load factor of 1.6 and a diaphragm nailing
factor of 1.1.
3. Adjustment for lumber specific gravity: Allowable shear
values for diaphragms shall be adjusted for lumber
specific gravity when 0.42G<0.5, then multiply by
0.82, if G<0.42, then multiply by 0.65.
4. When negative pressure is a design consideration,
fastener spacing shall be considered.
5. Design values are for framing spacing up to 24 o.c.
6. Nail slip (en) used in the diaphragm deflection equation is
26
calculated for the HQ1 nail as en = (vn/400)2.99 and for

the HQ2 nails, en = (vn/600)2.50 where vn=shear load (lbf)
per fastener.
Diaphragm Construction Details
1. Plywood rated sheathing includes C-D, and C-C Exterior
Sheathing and other panel grades covered by PS1 or PS2.
2. Nails withT, brad, or casing heads are not permitted for
sheathing attachment. When framing spacing is 24
o.c., field fasteners shall be spaced a maximum of 12
o.c. and 6 o.c. when the framing is spaced 48 o.c.
3. Where the nails with shank diameter 0.148, penetration
1-5/8, and spacing 3 o.c., framing shall be at least
3 nominal at the panel edges and nails shall be staggered.
4. Where the nails are spaced 2-1/2 o.c., framing members
at adjoining panel edges shall be at least 3 nominal thickness.
5. Staples shall be installed with the crown parallel to the
long dimension of the framing lumber.
6. Plywood with thickness 1-1/8 is permitted with fastener
penetration 10d, where d = fastener nominal diameter.
Diaphragm Design Cases
Diaphragm design is based on framing and panel layout relative
to the load direction. Appropriate use of the design tables relies
on construction following the layout configurations as
described byBlocked andUnblocked Cases 1 to 6.
ABlocked Diaphragm has all sheathing edges supported by
framing or blocking. AnUnblocked Diaphragm has no blocking,
which means that two edges of the panel are not fully
supported. Unblocked diaphragms have lower shear resistance
then blocked diaphragms. Cases 1 to 4 have panel joints that
are staggered in one direction, while Cases 5 and 6 have panel
joints that are aligned in both directions. Figure 14 (a to f)
illustrates the framing--load direction--panel layout configurations
of Cases 1 to 6. Unit shear resistance values are given in Tables
7 to 14 for different sheathing materials.
Diaphragm boundary
Load
Continuous panel joints
[[ Diaphragm Design ]]
Load
CASE 4
CASE 5
Framing
Blocking
Load
CASE 6
Framing
Blocking
Figure 14. Sheathing and framing layouts for the six diaphragm cases.
Diaphragm design cases: (a) Case 1 -- Load direction parallel to framing; panel strength axis per perpendicular to load and
panel joints staggered relative to load direction and aligned in normal direction; (b) Case 2 -- Load direction perpendicular to
framing; panel strength axis parallel to load direction and panel joints are staggered relative to load direction and aligned
in normal direction; (c) Case 3 -- Load direction perpendicular to framing; panel strength axis parallel to load direction and
panel joints aligned with load direction and staggered in normal direction; (d) Case 4 -- Load direction and framing parallel;
panel strength axis perpendicular to load direction panel joints aligned with load direction and staggered in normal
direction; (e) Case 5 -- Load direction and framing parallel; panel strength axis perpendicular to load direction and panel
joints aligned in both directions; (f) Case 6 -- Load direction perpendicular to framing; panel strength axis parallel to load
direction and panel joints aligned in both directions.
C
1
1
27
Table 11. Diaphragm unit shear allowable design values for wind and seismic. Sheathing: 3/8 structural 1 plywood.
Fastener
Product
code
HQ1
HQ1
HQ2
HQ2
G,H
G,H
F
F
D,E
D,E
B,C
B,C
A
A
J
J
K
K
Nominal
diameter
(inches)
Minimum
length
(inches)
0.113
2 1/2
0.131
2 1/2
0.131
2 1/2
0.120
0.113
0.099
2 1/4
0.092
2 1/4
15 gauge
1 3/4
16 gauge
1 1/2
Framing
minimum
width
(inches)
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
Blocked diaphragms
Fastener spacing () at diaphragm boundaries (all cases), at continuous panel edges

parallel to load (cases 3, 4) and at all panel
edges (cases 5, 6)
6
4
2.5
2
Fasteners spaced 6

2, 3, 4)
6
6
4
3
Case 1
Cases 2, 3,
4, 5, 6
305
340
310
350
270
300
230
255
205
230
165
185
145
160
220
245
175
200
270
305
280
310
240
265
200
225
180
205
145
160
130
145
195
215
155
175
200
230
210
235
180
200
150
170
135
155
110
120
95
110
145
165
115
130
405
455
415
465
360
400
305
340
275
305
215
245
190
215
290
325
235
265
605
680
625
700
530
600
455
510
410
460
325
365
290
325
435
490
350
395
685
770
705
790
600
675
515
580
465
520
370
415
325
365
495
555
400
450
Table 12. Diaphragm unit shear allowable design values for wind and seismic. Sheathing: 7/16 Structural 1 plywood or OSB.
Fastener
Product
code
Nominal
diameter
(inches)
Minimum
length
(inches)
Framing
minimum
width
(inches)
Blocked diaphragms
Fastener spacing () at diaphragm boundaries

(all cases), at continuous panel edges parallel
to load (cases 3, 4) and at all panel edges
(cases 5, 6)
Fasteners spaced 6
HQ1
HQ1
HQ2
HQ2
28
0.113
2 1/2
0.131
2 1/2
2
3
2
3
2.5

2, 3, 4)
6
6
4
3
Case 1
Cases 2, 3,
4, 5, 6
285
320
285
320
255
285
260
290
190
215
195
215
380
425
385
430
565
635
570
340
640
720
645
725
Fastener
Product
code
HQ1
HQ1
HQ2
HQ2
I
I
G,H
G,H
F
F
D,E
D,E
B,C
B,C
A
A
J
J
K
K
Nominal
diameter
(inches)
Minimum
length
(inches)
0.113
2 1/2
0.131
2 1/2
0.148
0.131
2 1/2
0.120
0.113
0.099
2 1/4
0.092
2 1/4
15 gauge
1 3/4
16 gauge
1 1/2
Framing
minimum
width
(inches)
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
Blocked diaphragms

(all cases), at continuous panel edges
edges (cases 5, 6)
6
4
2.5
2
Fasteners spaced 6

2, 3, 4)
6
6
4
3
Case 1
Cases 2, 3,
4, 5, 6
305
340
310
350
320
360
270
300
230
255
205
230
165
185
145
160
215
245
175
200
270
305
280
310
285
320
240
265
200
225
180
205
145
160
130
145
195
215
155
175
200
230
210
235
215
240
180
200
150
170
135
155
110
120
95
110
145
165
115
130
405
455
415
465
425
480
360
400
305
340
275
305
215
245
190
215
290
325
235
265
605
680
625
700
640
720
530
600
455
510
410
460
325
365
290
325
435
490
350
395
685
770
705
790
730
820
600
675
515
580
465
520
370
415
325
365
495
555
400
450
Fastener
Product
code
Nominal
diameter
(inches)
Minimum
length
(inches)
Framing
minimum
width
(inches)
Blocked diaphragms

(all cases), at continuous panel edges
edges (cases 5, 6)
Fasteners spaced 6
HQ1
HQ1
HQ2
HQ2
0.113
2 1/2
0.131
2 1/2
2
3
2
3
2.5

2, 3, 4)
6
6
4
3
Case 1
Cases 2, 3,
4, 5, 6
400
450
405
460
360
300
365
410
270
200
275
305
535
600
545
610
800
900
815
915
C
1
1
905
1020
820
1035
29
Table 15. Diaphragm unit shear allowable design values for wind and seismic. Sheathing: 3/8 plywood rated sheathing.
Fastener
Product
code
HQ1
HQ1
HQ2
HQ2
G,H
G,H
F
F
D,E
D,E
B,C
B,C
A
A
J
J
K
K
Nominal
diameter
(inches)
Minimum
length
(inches)
0.113
2 1/2
0.131
2 1/2
0.131
2 1/2
0.120
0.113
0.099
2 1/4
0.092
2 1/4
15 gauge
16 gauge
1 1/2
Framing
minimum
width
(inches)
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
Blocked diaphragms
Fastener spacing () at diaphragm boundaries (all

cases), at continuous panel edges parallel to load
(cases 3, 4) and at all panel edges (cases 5, 6)
6
4
2.5
2
Fasteners spaced 6
Nail spacing at other panel edges (cases 1, 2, 3, 4)

6
6
4
3
Case 1
Cases 2, 3,
4, 5, 6
240
270
245
280
240
270
210
235
185
210
145
165
130
145
195
220
160
180
215
240
220
220
215
240
185
210
165
185
130
145
115
125
175
195
140
160
160
180
165
165
160
180
140
155
125
140
100
110
85
95
130
145
105
120
320
360
330
370
320
360
280
315
250
280
195
220
170
195
260
295
210
235
480
540
500
560
480
540
420
470
375
420
295
330
260
290
390
440
315
355
545
610
565
565
545
610
475
530
425
475
335
375
290
330
445
495
360
400
Fastener
Product
code
HQ1
HQ1
HQ2
HQ2
I
I
G,H
G,H
F
F
D,E
D,E
B,C
B,C
A
A
J
J
K
K
30
Nominal
diameter
(inches)
Minimum
length
(inches)
0.113
2 1/2
0.131
2 1/2
0.148
0.131
2 1/2
0.120
0.113
0.099
2 1/4
0.092
2 1/4
15 gauge
16 gauge
1 1/2
Framing
minimum
width
(inches)
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
Blocked diaphragms

6
4
2.5
2
Fasteners spaced 6

6
6
4
3
Case 1
275
310
300
340
290
325
265
300
230
255
205
230
165
185
145
160
195
220
160
180
245
275
270
300
255
290
235
265
200
225
180
205
145
160
130
145
175
195
140
160
365
410
400
450
385
430
355
400
305
340
275
305
215
245
190
215
260
295
210
235
454
615
600
675
575
650
535
600
455
510
410
460
325
365
290
315
390
440
315
355
620
695
680
765
655
735
605
680
515
580
465
520
370
415
325
365
445
500
360
400
Cases 2, 3,
4, 5, 6
185
205
200
225
190
215
180
200
150
170
135
155
110
120
85
95
130
145
105
120
Fastener
Product
code
HQ1
HQ1
HQ2
HQ2
I
I
G,H
G,H
F
F
D,E
D,E
B,C
B,C
A
A
J
J
K
K
Nominal
diameter
(inches)
Minimum
length
(inches)
0.113
2 1/2
0.131
2 1/2
0.148
0.131
2 1/2
0.120
0.113
0.099
2 1/4
0.092
2 1/4
15 gauge
16 gauge
1 1/2
Framing
minimum
width
(inches)
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
Blocked diaphragms

6
4
2.5
2
Fasteners spaced 6

6
6
4
3
Case 1
310
350
365
415
320
360
270
305
230
260
210
235
170
190
150
170
215
245
175
200
280
310
330
370
285
320
240
270
205
235
185
210
150
170
135
155
195
215
155
175
415
465
490
550
425
480
360
405
310
350
280
315
225
255
205
230
290
325
235
265
620
695
740
830
640
720
540
605
465
520
420
470
340
380
305
340
435
490
350
395
705
790
835
940
730
820
610
685
525
590
475
535
385
435
345
390
495
555
400
450
Cases 2, 3,
4, 5, 6
210
235
245
275
215
240
180
200
155
175
140
155
115
125
100
115
145
165
115
130
Fastener
Product
code
Nominal
diameter
(inches)
Minimum
length
(inches)
Framing
minimum
width
(inches)
Blocked diaphragms
Fastener spacing () at diaphragm boundaries (all cases), at continuous panel edges

edges (cases 5, 6)
Fasteners spaced 6
HQ1
HQ1
HQ2
HQ2
0.113
2 1/2
0.131
2 1/2
2
3
2
3
2.5

2, 3, 4)
6
6
4
3
Case 1
Cases 2, 3,
4, 5, 6
280
315
330
370
250
280
295
330
190
210
220
250
375
420
440
495
560
630
660
740
C
1
1
635
715
745
840
31
|| SHEAR WALL DESIGN ||

Shear walls are primary lateral force resisting assemblies in light-frame building
systems. They are a vital link in the load path from the roof to the foundation
transferring forces that are applied to the roof and walls to the foundation anchorage.
he published building code shear wall design values are based
on research by the APA-The Engineered Wood Association. Unit
shear values for wind and seismic forces are calculated using a
numerical model that relies on the lateral shear design values of single-fastener connections and incorporates important construction details such as
framing spacing, perimeter fastening schedule, sheathing panel grade, and
failure due to sheathing buckling.The model employs coefficients derived
from test data and the model was validated by full-scale tests.The HurriQuake shear wall design values are based on a similar general model that
uses the single-fastener connection capacity and incorporates the same
construction variables.The HurriQuake shear wall model is calibrated to
the building code model. Unit shear design values are given inTables 19 to
24 for sheathing materials based on thickness and grade.
6. Nail slip (en) used in the shear wall deflection equation is

calculated for the HQ1 nail as en = (vn/400)2.99 and for
the HQ2 nails, en = (vn/600)2.50 where vn=shear load
(lbf) per fastener.
Shear Wall Construction Details

1. Panel edges shall be supported by framing members that
are not less than 2 nominal thickness.
2. Panels shall be installed either horizontally or vertically.
3. Plywood rated sheathing includes C-D, and C-C Exterior
Sheathing and other panel grades covered by PS1 or PS2.
4. When framing is 24 o.c., field nailing for 3/8 and
7/16 panels shall be 6 o.c. For other conditions,
space fasteners 12 o.c. maximum.
Shear Wall Design and Construction Details
5. Where panels are applied to both faces of the wall and
The shearwall tables are for:
fastener spacing is less than 6 o.c. on either side, then
< Wind or seismic loadings
panel joints shall be offset so that panel joints do not
< Douglas-fir (G=0.50) or Southern Pine (G=0.55) framing
occur on both sides of the wall on the same framing
< Framing spacing is 24 o.c. unless otherwise stated
members, or the framing members shall be 3 nominal
< Wood structural panels are attached to and in contact with the framing
or thicker and the fasteners on each side staggered.
6. Where the nails with shank diameter 0.148, penetration
Shear Wall Design Adjustments
1-5/8, and spacing 3 o.c., framing shall be at least
1. All requirements of the applicable building code pertaining
nominal at the panel edges and nailsshall be staggered.
to shear wall design and construction shall be met.
7. Where fasteners are spaced 2 o.c., framing at adjacent
2. The tabulated values are for short-term loads and should be
panel edges shall be 3 nominal or wider.
reduced for normal duration of load by 40 percent based on the
8. Nails withT, brad, or casing heads are not permitted for
duration of load factor of 1.6 and a diaphragm nailing factor of 1.1.
sheathing attachment. Staple crown width 7/16.
3. Adjustment for lumber specific gravity: Allowable shear
Staples shall be installed with the crown of the staple
values for shear walls shall be adjusted for lumber specific
parallel to the long dimension of the framing lumber.
gravity when 0.42G<0.5, then multiply by 0.82, when
9. Where allowable shear values exceed 350 lbf/ft,
G<0.42, then multiply by 0.65.
foundation sill plates and framing members with edge
4. The values for 3/8 and 7/16 panels applied directly
nailing from adjoining panels shall be at least 3 nominal
to framing may be increased to values shown for 15/32
members and nails shall be staggered.
thick panels of the same grade where the studs are
10. In structures assigned to Seismic Design Category D, E, or
spaced a maximum of 16 o.c. or panels are applied with
F in areas using the IBC, where shear design values exceed
the strength axis across the studs.
450 lbf/ft (LFRD) or 350 lbf/ft (ASD), all framing members
5. When negative pressure is a design consideration,
with edge nailing from adjacent panels shall be at least 3
fastener spacing shall be considered.
nominal thickness and edge nailing shall be staggered.
32
[[ Shear Wall Design ]]
Table 19. Shear wall unit shear allowable design values (lbf/ft). Sheathing: 3/8 Structural 1 plywood.
Product code
Nail diameter
(inches)

HQ1
0.113
HQ2
0.131
HQ1
0.113
HQ2
0.131
Minimum
fastener length
(inches)
Allowable shear wall values, Fv (lbf/ft)

6
4
3
2 1/2
2 1/2
320
320
500
490
640
640
845
835
2 1/2
2 1/2
265
265
415
410
530
530
705
695
0.148
230
360
460
610
G,H
0.131
2 1/2
230
360
460
610
0.120
200
305
405
515
D,E
0.113
180
270
365
465
B,C
0.099
2 1/4
145
220
290
370
0.092
2 1/4
130
190
255
325
15 gauge
1 3/4
195
290
385
495
16 gauge
1 1/2
155
235
315
400
Table 20. Shear wall unit shear allowable design values (lbf/ft). Sheathing: 7/16 Structural 1 plywood or OSB.
Product code
Nail diameter
(inches)
Minimum
fastener length
(inches)

6
4
3

HQ1
0.113
HQ2
0.131
HQ1
0.113
HQ2
0.131
2 1/2
2 1/2
310
320
465
490
620
640
790
835
2 1/2
2 1/2
265
265
415
410
530
530
705
695
280
430
550
730
0.148
G,H
0.131
2 1/2
260
390
520
665
0.120
220
335
445
565
D,E
0.113
200
300
400
510
B,C
0.099
2 1/4
160
240
320
405
0.092
2 1/4
140
210
280
360
15 gauge
1 3/4
210
320
425
540
16 gauge
1 1/2
170
260
345
440
C
1
2
33
Table 21. Shear wall unit shear allowable design values (lbf/ft). Sheathing: 15/32 Structural 1 plywood or OSB.
Product code
HQ1
HQ2
Nail diameter
(inches)
Minimum
fastener length
(inches)
0.113
0.131
2 1/2
2 1/2

6
4
3
325
485
645
385
575
770
2
825
980
0.148
340
510
665
870
G,H
0.131
2 1/2
285
425
570
725
0.120
240
365
485
620
D,E
0.113
220
325
435
555
B,C
0.099
2 1/4
175
260
345
440
0.092
2 1/4
155
230
305
390
15 gauge
1 3/4
230
345
465
590
16 gauge
1 1/2
185
280
375
475
Table 22. Shear wall unit shear allowable design values (lbf/ft). Sheathing: 3/8 plywood rated sheathing.
Product code
Nail diameter
(inches)

HQ1
0.113
HQ2
0.131
HQ1
0.113
HQ2
0.131
34
Minimum
fastener length
(inches)

6
4
3
2 1/2
2 1/2
265
260
395
395
525
525
745
665
2 1/2
2 1/2
220
215
325
325
435
435
620
555
0.148
220
320
410
530
G,H
0.131
2 1/2
220
320
410
530
0.120
180
270
365
465
D,E
0.113
165
245
325
415
B,C
0.099
2 1/4
130
195
265
335
0.092
2 1/4
115
170
230
295
15 gauge
1 3/4
175
260
350
445
16 gauge
1 1/2
140
210
280
360
[[ Shear Wall Design ]]
Table 23. Shear wall unit shear allowable design values (lbf/ft). Sheathing: 15/32 Plywood rated sheathing.
Product code
HQ1
HQ2
Nail diameter
(inches)
Minimum
fastener length
(inches)
0.113
0.131
2 1/2
2 1/2

6
4
3
295
445
585
350
530
690
2
750
885
0.148
310
460
600
770
G,H
0.131
2 1/2
255
385
510
650
0.120
220
325
435
555
D,E
0.113
195
295
390
500
B,C
0.099
2 1/4
155
235
310
395
0.092
2 1/4
140
205
275
350
15 gauge
1 3/4
210
310
415
530
16 gauge
1 1/2
170
255
335
430
Table 24. Shear wall unit shear allowable design values (lbf/ft). Sheathing: 19/32 Plywood rated sheathing.
Product code
HQ1
HQ2
Nail diameter
(inches)
Minimum
fastener length
(inches)
0.113
0.131
2 1/2
2 1/2

6
4
3
290
435
585
350
520
695
2
745
885
0.148
340
510
665
870
G,H
0.131
2 1/2
285
430
575
730
0.120
245
370
495
630
D,E
0.113
225
335
445
570
B,C
0.099
2 1/4
180
270
360
460
0.092
2 1/4
160
245
325
415
15 gauge
1 3/4
230
345
465
590
16 gauge
1 1/2
185
280
375
475
C
1
2
35
|| WIND RESISTANCE ||
Design for wind forces requires attention to pressures that are imposed on the
walls as lateral racking forces, lateral forces create out-of-plane bending and
negative pressures where fastener withdrawal can be the controlling load. The
prescriptive nailing schedules differentiate between edge nailing, meaning the
panel edges, and the field nailing, meaning the attachment to the intermediate
framing members.
able 25 provides prescriptive nailing schedules
recognized in the IBC and IRC for wind speeds that
are less than 110 mph, mean building height less
than 30, Importance factor =1.0, and topographic factor =
1.0. In Table 25, the adjustment factor for Exposure C at 30
height is 1.4. The roof sheathing nailing zones referenced in
Tables 25 and 26 are shown in Figure 15.
Any of the HurriQuake nails can be used as an alternate to
8d common nails or galvanized 8d box nails in the Table 25
fastening schedules because the HurriQuake Nails
exceed the 8d common in withdrawal and lateral shear
design capacities. Prescriptive nail schedules for HurriQuake
nails are given in Table 26 for negative pressure resistance
in wind conditions up to 170 mph (3-sec gust) in Exposure B
or Exposure C. The prescriptive nailing schedules should be
checked to verify that sufficient lateral resistance is provided
for the roof to function as a diaphragm. In Table 26, only the
HurriQuake field nail schedule is given because, 6 edge
nailing is sufficient for all roof zones in all wind zones for site
Exposures B and C.
Figure 15. Roof Zones for use with prescriptive nailing schedules
of Table 24 and Table 25; Roof Zones for UBC, IBC, and IRC. For
gable roofs slope 7, shaded area is Zone 1; for gable roof 7 <
slope 45, shaded area is Zone 2.
A
3
3
A
A
A: 10% of least dimension or 40% of the mean height of the

structure, whichever is smaller, but not less than either 4% of
least horizontal dimension or 3 ft.
Table 25. Roof sheathing fastening requirements for compliance with the IBC and IRC.
Panel thickness (inches)
1/2
Product code
HQ1, HQ2
Fastener
2.5 x 0.0113
Maximum fastener spacing, edge/field (inches o.c.)

6/12
D, E
2.375 x 0.113
4/8
K
HQ1, HQ2
2 x 16-gauge staple
2.5 x 0.131
3/6
6/12
D, E
2.375 x 0.113
4/8
7/8 to 1
K
HQ1, HQ2
2 x1 6-gauge staple
2.5 x 0.131
4/8
6/12
1-1/8 to 1-1/4
H
HQ1, HQ2
2.5 (8d) deformed shank

3 x 0.148
6/12
6/12
3 (10d) deformed shank
6/12
19/32 to 3/4
36
[[ Wind Resistance ]]
Table 26. HurriQuake fastening requirements for compliance with IBC and IRC in wind zones up to 170 mph (3-s gust) with
Exposures B and C (roof zones shown in Figure 14).
Roof slope
(degrees)
Roof rise
(inches
per 12
inches
run)
Roof zone4
Basic wind speed (v)(3-second gust, mph)

80<v<100
105<v<120
125<v<150
Exposure category
B and C
B
C
B
v<170
C
Bostitch HurriQuake Nail, Diameter = 0.113 or 0.131,

sheathing 7/16 ts 19/32 inch, framing 16 oc
0 to 7
+7 to 27
+27 to 45
0 to 1.5
1.5+ to 6
6+ to 12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
Bostitch HurriQuake Nail, Diameter = 0.113 or 0.131,

sheathing 15/32 ts 19/32 inch, framing 24 oc
0 to 7
+7 to 27
+27 to 45
0 to 1.5
1.5+ to 6
6+ to 12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
For SI: 1 mph = 1.61 km/h, 1 inch = 25.4 mm

1. The tabulated nail schedule is based on wind uplift pressure pnet determined for components and cladding of buildings designed to resist
loads in accordance with method 1 (ASCE7-05, section 6.4)
2. Tabulated values account for duration of load. Other NDS adjustment factors may be needed.
3. Edge nail spacing is 6 o.c. for all roof slopes, roof zones, and wind speeds for Exposures B and C.
4. Zone 1 nailing schedule for roof slopes (0 to 45 degrees), wind speeds (0 to 170 mph (274 km/h)), and Exposures B and C is 6 (152
mm) o.c. edge and 12 (305 mm) o.c. field for sheathing 7/16 (11.1 mm) ts 19/32 (15.1 mm).
5. Nailing schedule assumptions:
a. Mean roof height 30 (9144 mm)
b. Exposure categories B and C as defined in ASCE 7-05.
c. Net design uplift pressure (Components and Cladding), pnet, based on ASCE 7-05, adjustment factor, =1.4; importance factor,
I=1.0; pnet30 complies with Figure 6-4 of ASCE 7-05, effective wind area 10 ft2 (0.929 m2).
d. Roof framing members have a nominal thickness of 2 (51 mm), spaced 24 (610 mm) on center in Roof Zone 1 for all wind speeds
e. Roof framing member average specific gravity 0.42.
f. Wood structural panel roof sheathing is 24/16 Rated Sheathing (maximum thickness inch [12.7 mm]), 32/16 Rated Sheathing
(thickness 15/32 to 19/32 [11.9 mm to 15.1 mm]) or 40/20 rated sheathing (19/32 [15.1 mm]); oriented with the
strength axis perpendicular to the framing; and blocked.
g. Minimum penetration, p, of the Stanley Bostitch HurriQuake nails into the roof framing members is 1.9 (51 mm).
h. Gable roof with 45 degrees, or hip roof with 27 degrees, where is roof angle from horizontal.
6. Refer to Figure 14 for roof fastening zones.
C
1
3
7. The combination plywood sheathing ts 15/32, (rated 24/16 and 32/16), frame spacing 24 o.c., roof slope < 27 degrees should not be
used where wind velocity > 140 mph with Exposure C.
37
|| STANLEY BOSTITCH PRODUCT CODES||
These product codes are provided for convenience of the Guide user. A complete
list of fastener products and tools is available on line at www.Bostitch.com
Bostitch sku
C7P90BDG
C8P90BDG
Wire diameter
Shank type
Coating
Collation
0.092
Smooth
Thickcoat
15 degree wire weld coil
Bostitch sku
C6P99D
C8P99D
C6P99DG
C8P99DG
Wire diameter
Shank type
Coating
Collation
0.099
Smooth
Brite
C8R99BD
FC7DS099BD-PP
C6R99BC
FC8DS099BD-PP
0.099
Smooth
Thickcoat
C7R99BCG
C8R99BDSS
C8R99BCG
0.099
Deformed
Brite
S6D-FH
S6D-2M
S8D
0.099
Deformed
Thickcoat
S6DGAL-FH
S6DGAL-2M
S8DGAL
0.099
Deformed
Stainless
RH-S6DEP
RH-S8D113EP
0.113
Smooth
Brite
28 degree wire weld stick
RH-S6DHDG
RH-S8D113HDG
0.113
Smooth
Thickcoat
PT-S6D113EP
PT-S8D113EP
0.113
Smooth
Brite
21 degree plastic stick
PT-S8D113HDG
Bostitch sku
0.113
Smooth
Thickcoat
C8R113DG
0.113
Smooth
Brite
33 degree paper stick
S6DR113GAL-FH
S6DR113GAL
S8DRGAL
0.113
Smooth
Thickcoat
RH-S8DR113EP
Wire diameter
Shank type
Coating
Collation
0.113
Deformed
Thickcoat
0.113
Deformed
Thickcoat
0.113
Deformed
Brite
Bostitch sku
Wire diameter
Shank type
Coating
Collation
Bostitch sku
Wire diameter
Shank type
Coating
Collation
Bostitch sku
Wire diameter
Shank type
Coating
Collation
38
S6DR113-FH
S6DR113-2M
S8DR
S8DS
0.113
Deformed
Brite
[[ Product Codes ]]
Bostitch sku
RH-S6DRHDG
RH-S8DR11HDG
PT-S6DR113EP
PT-S8DR113EP
PT-S8DR113HDG
Wire diameter
Shank type
Coating
Collation
0.113
Deformed
Thickcoat
0.113
Deformed
Brite
0.113
Deformed
Thickcoat
Bostitch sku
C10P120D
C12P120D
C8P120D
C10P120DG
C12P120DG
C8P120DG
S10D-FH
S12D-FH
S8D-FH
S10DGAL-FH
S12DGAL-FH
S8DGAL-FH
Wire diameter
Shank type
Coating
Collation
0.120
Smooth
Brite
0.120
Smooth
Thickcoat
0.120
Smooth
Brite
0.120
Smooth
Thickcoat
Bostitch sku
RH-S10D120EP
RH-S12D120EP
RH-S10D120HDG
PT-S10D120EP
PT-S10D120HDG
Wire diameter
Shank type
Coating
Collation
0.120
Smooth
Brite
21degree plastic stick
0.120
Smooth
Thickcoat
0.120
Smooth
Brite
0.120
Smooth
Thickcoat
Bostitch sku
C8P131D-4.5M
C10P131D
C12P131D
C16P131D
C10P131DG
C16P131DG
S8D131-FH
S10D131-FH
S12D131-FH
S16D131-FH
S8D131GAL
S16D131GAL-FH
S10D131GAL
S12D131GAL
S16D131GAL
Wire diameter
Shank type
Coating
Collation
0.131
Smooth
Brite
0.131
Smooth
Thickcoat
0.131
Smooth
Brite
0.131
Smooth
Thickcoat
Bostitch sku
RH-S8D131EP
RH-S10D131EP
RH-S12D131EP
RH-S16D131EP
RH-S8D131HDG
RH-S10D131HDG
RH-S12D131HDG
RH-S16D131HDG
PT-S10D131EP
PT-S12D131EP
PT-S16D131EP
PT-S12D131HDG
PT-S16D131HDG
Wire diameter
Shank type
Coating
Collation
0.131
Smooth
Brite
21degree plastic stick
0.131
Smooth
Thickcoat
0.131
Smooth
Brite
0.131
Smooth
Thickcoat
Bostitch sku
C10S131DG
S16DS
S12DR131-FH
Wire diameter
Shank type
Coating
Collation
0.131
Deformed
Thickcoat
0.131
Deformed
Brite
0.131
Deformed
Thickcoat
C
1
4
39
40
Bostitch sku
RH-S10DR131EP
RH-S10DR131HDG
Wire diameter
Shank type
Coating
Collation
0.1131
Deformed
Brite
0.131
Deformed
Thickcoat
Bostitch sku
C10P148D-SHORT
RH-S214DEP
RH-S10D148EP
RH-S12D148EP
Wire diameter
Shank type
Coating
Collation
0.148
Smooth
Brite
0.148
Smooth
Brite
Bostitch sku
15S4-44G
15S4-50GA
15S4-57G
15S4-63G
Staple gauge
Shank type
Coating
Collation
15
Smooth
Brite
Adhesive
Bostitch sku
16S2-38
16S4-38
16S4-41
16S4-44
16S4-50
16S5-38
16S5-40
16S5-44
16S5-50
16S2-38GAL
16S4-38GAL
16S4-41GAL
16S4-44GAL
16S4-50GAL
16S5-44GAL
16S5-50GAL
Staple gauge
Shank type
Coating
Collation
16
Smooth
Brite
Adhesive
16
Smooth
Galvanized
Adhesive
Bostitch sku
RH-S16D162EP
Wire diameter
Shank type
Coating
Collation
0.162
Smooth
Brite
Bostitch sku
RH-S16D135EP
Wire diameter
Shank type
Coating
Collation
0.135
Smooth
Brite
[[ Product Codes ]]
Bostitch sku
C8DR113-HQ
RH-S8DR113-HQ
RH-S8DR113-HQG
Wire diameter
Shank type
Coating
Collation
0.113
Deformed
Brite
0.113
Deformed
Brite
21 degree plastic
0.113
Deformed
Thickcoat
22 degree plastic
Bostitch sku
C8DR131-HQ
RH-S8DR131-HQ
RH-S8DR131-HQG
Wire diameter
Shank type
Coating
Collation
0.131
Deformed
Brite
0.131
Deformed
Brite
21 degree plastic
0.131
Deformed
Thickcoat
22 degree plastic
Bostitch sku
C10DR113-HQ
Wire diameter
Shank type
Coating
Collation
0.113
Deformed
Brite
Bostitch sku
C10DR131-HQ
Wire diameter
Shank type
Coating
Collation
0.131
Deformed
Brite
Bostitch sku
PT-MC13115-1M
PT-MC13115GAL-1M
Wire diameter
Shank type
Coating
Collation
0.131
Smooth
Brite
Paper
0.131
Smooth
Galvanized
Paper
Bostitch sku
PT-MC13125-1M
PT-MC13125GAL-1M
Wire diameter
Shank type
Coating
Collation
0.131
Smooth
Brite
Paper
0.131
Smooth
Galvanized
Paper
Bostitch sku
PT-MC14815-1M
PT-MC14815GAL-1M
Wire diameter
Shank type
Coating
Collation
0.148
Smooth
Brite
Paper
0.148
Smooth
Galvanized
Paper
Bostitch sku
PT-MC14825-1M
PT-MC14825GAL-1M
Wire diameter
Shank type
Coating
Collation
0.148
Smooth
Brite
Paper
0.148
Smooth
Galvanized
Paper
Bostitch sku
PT-MC16225-1M
PT-MC16225GAL-1M
Wire diameter
Shank type
Coating
Collation
0.162
Smooth
Brite
Paper
0.162
Smooth
Galvanized
Paper
C
1
4
41
[[ Appendix 1.
|| APPENDIX 1 BUILDING CODE ACRONYMS ||
Where the TLAs are flying, this sheet will help you to stay in the conversation.
42
AF&PA
American Forest & Paper Association
ICBO
International Conference of Building Officials;

now part of ICC
AISI
American Iron and Steel Institute
ICC
International Code Council; resulted from the

2000 merger of BOCA, CABO, ICBO, and SBBCI
AITC
APA
American Institute of Timber Construction
ICC-ES
ICC-IAS
International Code Council Evaluation Service
ASCE
American Society of Civil Engineers
ICC-600
International Code Council design standard 600

for residential construction in high-wind regions,
to be implemented in 2008.
ASD
ASTM
AWPA
Allowable stress design
IEBC
IFC
IMPC
International Existing Building Code
BNBC
BOCA National Building Code
IRC
International Residential Code (IRC 2006 is the

current revision)
BOCA
Building Officials and Code Administration; now part

of ICC
ISANTA
International Staple, Nail and Tool Association
CABO
COLA RR
Council of American Building Officials; now part of ICC
ISO
LRFD
International Organization for Standardization
CNBC
CSA
DF
DFL
Canadian National Building Code
LSD
LSL
LVL
MCN
Limit states design
ESR
Evaluation service report (aka, acode report) also

called anER
MSR
Machine stress-rated lumber
EWP
FBC
Engineered wood products
MWFRS
NDS
Main wind force resisting system
FEMA
US Department of Federal Emergency Management

Administration
NER
National evaluation report
HQ
IAPMO-ES
HurriQuake Nails
NLGA
NRC
National Lumber Grading Authority (Canadian)
American Plywood Association The Engineered

Wood Association
American Society for Testing and Materials

American Wood Protection Association, formerly the
American Wood Preservers Association
City of Los Angeles, Research Report; or sometimes

seen asLA RR
Canadian Standards Association International

Douglas-fir
Douglas Fir-Larch, a mixed commercial species group
of DF and Larch
Florida Building Code
International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical

Officials Evaluation Service
International Code Council International

Accreditation Service
International Fire Code

International Mechanical and Plumbing Code
Load and resistance factor design
Laminated strand lumber, a type of SCL

Laminated veneer lumber, a type of SCL
Metal connector nails
National Design Specification for Wood

Construction
National Research Council Canada
. Building Code Acronyms ]]

OSB
OSL
PE
PSL
RR
SBC
SBCCI
Oriented strandboard, a wood structural panel
SCL
SE
SI
Structural composite lumber
SP
Southern Pine, a commercial lumber species group

of four species of Southern Pine grown in the
southeast U.S.
SPF
Spruce-Pine-Fir, a commercial lumber species group

of Canadian-grown woods that includes eight species
of wood
SPFS
Spruce-Pine-Fir (South), a commercial lumber species

group for US-grown woods that includes nine
species of wood
SPIB
SSTD-10
Southern Pine Inspection Bureau
SDPWS
UBC
Special Design Provisions for Wind and Seismic
Oriented strand lumber, a type of SCL

Professional engineer, title earned by examination
Parallel strand lumber, a type of SCL
Research Report from LA City
Standard Building Code
Southern Building Code Conference International;
now part of ICC
Structural Engineer, title earned by examination

International System of Units, the modern metric
units
Standard for hurricane resistant construction, last

revision in 1999
Uniform Building Code, last revision in 1997
C
1
4
43
|| APPENDIX 2 GLOSSARY ||
44
AC (n)
Acceptance criteria, a set of rules that are used

by an evaluation service to evaluate building
materials for compliance under the building codes.
Chemically
treated
wood (n)
Collation (n)
Wood that was treated with chemicals to protect

the wood from biological hazard or to act as a fire
retardent.
ANSI (n)
American National Standards Institute.

www.ansi.org
ASCE 7-05 (n)
Document published by the American Society of

Civil Engineers referenced in the building codes that
describes assignment of loads to building structures.
Common
wire nail (n)
Nail made from low-carbon steel with a flat, full

round head, diamond point, and in the size range
4d to 60d for structural purposes.
ASD (n)
Allowable stress design.
ASTM (n)
American Society for Testing and Materials.

www.astm.org
Corrosion
resistant
fasteners (n)
AF&PA (n)
American Forest & Paper Association, parent

organization to the American Wood Council,
which publishes the NDS. www.awc.org
Fasteners that meet or exceed the corrosion resistance

of a corrosion resistant benchmark fastener, e.g., a nail
that is hot-dip galvanized to ASTM A153, Class D. The
codes recognize stainless steel, copper, silicon bronze,
and hot-dip galvanized (ASTM A153, Class D) as
corrosion resistant nails.
APA (n)
The Engineered Wood Association, formerly the

American Plywood Association and before that
the Douglas-Fir Plywood Association.
www.apawood.org
CNBC (n)
Canadian National Building Code.
CSA (n)
Canadian Standards Association. www.csa.ca
AWC (n)
American Wood Council, www.awc.org
Weight of construction materials and fixtures

attached to the building.
AWPA (n)
American Wood Protection Association. ANSI

recognized association of wood treatment chemical
manufacturers that writes and maintains standards
for wood treatment chemicals and wood treatment
chemical performance. www.awpa.com
Dead load
(n)
Deformed
shank (n)
Density (n)
The process of aligning multiple fasteners and

connecting them with a material (plastic, paper or
wire) so that they can be placed in a tool.
Shank of a nail that has been modified so that it is

not smooth or necessarily round in cross section.
Mass per unit volume of material. In traditional
units for wood, it is expressed as weight per
volume in lb/ft3, and in SI units, the units are kg/m3.
Blocked
diaphragm (n)
Diaphragm that has the edges of the structural

panels nailed to framing and blocking so that
there are no free edges.
Diaphragm
(n)
Lateral force resisting assembly in light-frame construction

that is horizontal or inclined at an angle less than 90
degrees to horizontal, e.g., roof deck, floor. The
diaphragm is assumed to work as a deep beam.
Box nail (n)
Nail made from low carbon steel with a flat full

round head, diamond point, shank diameter that
is smaller than a common nail, and in the size
range of 6d to 40d for structural purposes
Dowel (n)
Cylindrical object used as a mechanical

fastener for wood-frame construction.
Brite (adj)
Describes a surface or fastener with no

coating.
Duration of
load effect
(n)
Response of wood and wood-based materials to

loading where greater loads are resisted for short
periods of time than can be resisted for long
periods of time.
Cement (n)
Polymeric coating (natural or synthetic) usually

added to enhance withdrawal resistance. Does
not provide corrosion or fire resistance. (adj)
Describes a fastener with a polymeric coating.
Face-nail
connection
(n)
Nail connection where the side member and the

main member are positioned such that the nail
enters the face or side grain of both members,
e.g., double top plates.
[[ Appendix 2. Glossary ]]
Effective
head area (n)
Nail head area available to resist pull-through,

calculated as total nail head area minus the crosssectional area of the shank where the head and
shank are joined divided by the area of the head.
EWP (n)
Engineered wood products, a family of

products made from wood for structural
applications including I-joist, wood sheathing
panels, and structural composite lumber.
Electrogalvanization
(n)
End-nail
connection
(n)
Process to attach a zinc coating to steel.
Gauge (n)
Digital system to describe the diameter of

wire and thickness of metal plates, also as
gage.
Nailed connection where the nail passes

through the side grain of the side member
and is embedded in the end grain of the main
member, e.g., a stud-plate connection.
Glulam (n)
An engineered material made of wood

laminations that are thicker than and
bonded with an adhesive. The grain direction
in all laminations is in the same direction.
ER-120 (n)
Evaluation report No. 120 for HurriQuake

nails that provides evidence of compliance
with IBC, IRC, SSTD-10, Florida Building
Code, and California Building Code. Issued by
IAPMO-ES
Grade stamp
(n)
Mark applied by a registered agency to

indicate the engineering properties. Required
for structural wood products including lumber
and engineered wood products.
ESR-1482 (n)
Evaluation report No. 1482 provides evidence

that THICKCOAT galvanized nails meet or
exceed the corrosion resistance of nails hot-dip
galvanized in accordance with ASTM A153,
Class D and can be used as an alternate to hotdip galvanized nails for construction in compliance with the IBC and IRC.
Gripper
marks (n)
Marks on the shank of the nail, generally close to

the head, created by the processing equipment
when the nail was held during head formation.
Hardwood
(n)
Wood from a tree with broad leaves, not

needles. Material hardness is not implied or
inferred from the term hardwood.
ESR-1539 (n)
Evaluation Service Report No. 1539 that

provides engineering values for nails and
staples used in wood-frame construction. This
report shows compliance with the IBC, IRC,
and all legacy codes except SSTD-10.
Head (n)
Surface that is impacted for driving, a

characteristic feature of fasteners that is on
one end of the fastener. The head geometry
is based on intended purpose of the fastener
and installation method.
ESR-2020 (n)
Evaluation Service Report No. 2020 for

HurriQuake nails that provides compliance
evaluation for the IBC and IRC. Issued by ICC-ES
Hot-dip
galvanized (n)
Method of applying zinc to steel that involves

dipping the steel object to be coated in
molten zinc.
ESR-2122 (n)
Evaluation report No. 2122 provides evidence

that metal connector nails are in compliance with
IBC and IRC requirements for nails.
IAPMO-ES
(n)
International Association of Plumbing and

Mechanical Officials, Evaluation Service.
ANSI accredited providers of building code
compliance evaluation services for building
materials. www.iapmoes.org
ER-5426 (n)
Evaluation report No. 5426 that provides engineering evaluation for power-driven pins for use
in construction with cold-formed steel framing
and wood structural panel sheathing. Issued by
ICC-ES and shows compliance with UBC 1997.
ICC (n)
International Code Council. www.iccsafe.org
IBC (n)
International Building Code (2006)
Also called anevaluation service report.

Document issued by an evaluation service that
describes a construction material or object and
its compliance with named building codes.
ICC-ES (n)
International Code Council Evaluation

Service, a subsidiary of ICC. An ANSIaccredited provider of building code
compliance evaluation services for building
materials. www.icc-es.org
Evaluation
report (n)
C
1
4
45
C
1
4
46
ICC-IAS (n)
International Code Council International

Accreditation Service, a subsidiary of ICC
that accredits laboratories for testing
building materials and reviews quality
control documentation. www.icc-ias.org
MSR (n)
Machine stress-rated lumber. A method for

mechanical testing and marking sawn lumber
products.
IRC (n)
International Residential Code (2006).
Nail (n)
Dowel fastener that typically is driven and used

for coneccting members and sheathing in lightframe construction
ISANTA (n)
International Staple, Nail, and Tool,

Association. Stanley Bostitch is a
member of ISANTA. ISANTA is the report
holder of ESR-1539. www.isanta.org
NDS (n)
National Design Specification for Wood

Construction published by the American
Forest & Paper Association, Washington,
D.C. Available at www.awc.org
Legacy building
code (n)
Also called alegacy code. Model building

codes that are no longer maintained. An
example is the Uniform Building Code (UBC).
NER272 (n)
Evaluation report for power-driven fasteners,

sometimes calledthe ISANTA report, that
was replaced by ESR-1539 in 2005 and is
now obsolete.
Live load (n)
Transient loads of many durations

associated with construction, habitation,
and repair of the building.
OSB (n)
Oriented strandboard, a wood structural

panel made from strands of wood that are
consolidated under heat and pressure and
held together with adhesive.
LFRS (n)
Lateral force resisting system the

combination of walls and diaphragms of a
building structure
Pennyweight
system (n)
Historic method of specifying nails that implied nail

size in terms of cost for 100 nails in pence or
pennies, e.g., 16d nails cost 16 pence for 100 nails.
Load Path (n)
Sequence of elements by which the loads

are carried through a structure.
Pins (n)
LRFD (n)
Load and Resistance Factor Design.
Power-driven nails used for construction

where the fastener penetrates cold-formed
steel framing to attach wood structural panels
in shear walls and diaphragms. An example is
the Stanley Bostitch ballistic nail
C4DCSBALG.
Main
member (n)
Material part of a connection where the tip

of the fastener is embedded and adjacent to
the side member.
Plywood (n)
Panel that is made from wood veneers that are

bonded with adhesive under heat and
pressure. Most plywood panels are made
with the grain direction turned 90 degrees for
adjacent veneers.
Mechanical
galvanization (n)
Mechanical method of attaching a zinc

coating to steel.
Wood that has been treated with a chemical

to prevent the occurrence of fungal decay
and insect attack.
Metal connector
nails (n)
Nails used to attach metal hardware to wood

and wood-based materials; abbreviated as MCN.
Preservative
treated wood
(n)
Pull-through
(n)
Moisture
content (n)
Percent of moisture in wood where zero

moisture (oven-dry) is the basis of the
percentage, MC(%)=[(Wod-Ww)/Wod]*100,
where Wod is oven-dry weight, Ww is
weight with water, and MC is moisture
content.
Rated
sheathing (n)
Grade of wood structural panel that is used

for sheathing.
Property that describes the result of the

connection side member being pulled over the
head of the fastener while the fastener remains
embedded in the main member.
[[ Appendix 2. Glossary ]]
Fasteners: A complete guide
Reference
design
property (n)
Base design property before application of

adjustment factors.
Stiffness
(n)
Material or assembly property that characterizes

resistance to deflection, displacement, or deformation
and generally based on the linear force-displacement
behavior. Stiffness is not the same as strength.
Ring
shank (n)
Nail shank with deformations that are a ring-like

geometry where the rings are at 90 degrees to
the axis of the shank
Strength
(n)
Material or assembly property that characterizes the

capacity of the material or assembly to resist forces.
Strength is not the same as stiffness.
SCL (n)
Structural composite lumber, an engineered material

that is made from flakes, strands or veneers of wood
that are combined with adhesives and consolidated
with heat and pressure. SCL has three distinct
material orientations as described in ASTM D5456.
SLS (n)
Abbreviation for strength limit state, which is the

maximum force resisted by the part or assembly.
Screw (n)
Threaded dowel fastener generally placed by

engaging the head and turning under presure.
Grade of plywood or OSB that has greater shear

resistance than other grades of plywood and OSB.
Shear (n)
Force in a plane that causes sliding or change of shape

to planar objects.
Structural 1
(n)
Tip (n)
Shear
wall (n)
Wall assembly that is part of the lateral force

resisting system in a building. Shear walls are
usually perpendicular to the floor.
Nailed connection where the nail is driven at a

30-degree angle through the side member into the
side grain of the main member.
Sheathing
(n)
SI units
(n)
Panel that is attached to the outside surface of the

framing.
Toe-nail
connection
(n)
Traditional
units (n)
Unit shear
resistance
(n)
Side
grain (n)
Wood grain observed on the thickness and width

of sawn lumber.
Visually
graded
lumber (n)
Wood that has been assigned engineering

properties based grading rules that are derived from
characteristics that are visually apparent to those
trained in the application of the grading rules. A
large percentage of sawn lumber used for
construction is visually graded.
Side
member (n)
Sinker (n)
Member of a connection that the fastener tip passes

entirely through and is adjacent to head of the fastener.
Withdrawal
(n)
Wood
structural
panel (n)
Failure mode where the fastener is extracted from

the main member of the connection.
Softwood
(n)
Wood that comes from coniferous trees (needlebearing trees), e.g., pine, spruce, fir, Douglas-fir.
Material hardness is not implied or inferred from
the termsoftwood.
Yield limit
equations
(n)
Spike (n)
Driven fastener with shank diameter greater than

common nails.
Design equations from the NDS for shear

resistance of single-fastener connections. The
calculated yield limit corresponds with a yield
mode. Also called the European Yield Mode (EYM)
equations.
International System of Units, metric units system

used by most of the rest of the world, e.g.,
Newtons (N), meters (m), millimeters (mm), Pascals,
(Pa), kiliograms (kg). The use of centimeters (cm)
is generally discouraged in the modern SI system.
Nail made from low carbon steel and having a

round head with convex under surface, diamond
tip, and having a shank that is smaller in diameter
than a common nail. Recognized for structural use
in sizes from 6d to 60d.
A characteristic of a nail, the part of the nail that

enters the materials when the nail is driven. Typical
tip geometries are diamond, blunt diamond, ballistic,
etc, and each has different penetration characteristics.
System of units that is widely used in the US, e.g.,

pounds force (lbf), inches (in), feet (ft).
Design capacity of a shear wall or diaphragm in
force per unit length, e.g., pounds per foot or
Newtons per metre.
Engineered material in a panel form made from

wood and used as a rated sheathing material for
light-frame construction. Plywood and OSB are
examples.
C
1
4
47
C
1
4
Stanley-Bostitch | Briggs Drive, East Greenwich, Rhode Island 02818

Customer Service Phone: 1-800-556-6696 | Fax: 1-800-842-9360 | www.Bostitch.com
Stanley, Bostitch, HurriQuake, and ThickCoat are registered trademarks of The Stanley Works or its affiliates in the United States and/or elsewhere.
National Design Specification and NDS are registered trademarks of American Forest & Paper Association, Inc.
GA1381
11/08

GA1381 Fasteners Guide 0909

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

GA1381 Fasteners Guide 0909

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Fasteners: A Complete Guide

A complete guide to understand and specify fasteners for light-frame construction

walls, floor(s), and roof act together to resist forces at the

Stanley Bostitch fasteners are engineered to exceed the performance

The fasteners listed in this Guide are

Fasteners: A Complete Guide

Copyright 2009 by Stanley Bostitch

Fasteners: A Complete Guide

Appendix 1. Building Code Acronyms

Comparison of Common, Box, and Sinker nail

Prescriptive floor framing connections.

Reference lateral design values, Z (lbf) for Stanley

14 Diaphragm unit shear allowable design values for

15 Diaphragm unit shear allowable design values for wind

23 Shear wall unit shear allowable design values (lbf/

25 Roof sheathing fastening requirements for

Fasteners: A complete guide

HurriQuake 1 nail, 2-1/2 x 0.113, showing the dual

Head markings for HurriQuake nails.

The five characteristics of a HurriQuake nail.

Geometry of a single-fastener face-nail connection.

Grain direction in an end-nail connection. The arrows

Excerpt from the Guide, Section 9, Table 8,

Table locator worksheet to identify the applicable

Table 20 from Guide, Section 12 for shear walls with

Table 17 from Guide, Section 11 for diaphragms

Illustration of the MCN nail head identification marking.

Roof zones for use with prescriptive nailing

Stanley-Bostitch is committed to sustainable construction through its fastener innovation. We believe

Figure 2. Head markings for HurriQuake nails

Fasteners: A Complete Guide

Shear Shank Technology

1 Ring shank that is deformed from the tip to 1-1/2

Figure 3. The five characteristics of a HurriQuake nail.

The aggressive ring-shank and large head combine to give

Stanley Bostitch recommends the builder, architect, and

greater than or equal to 7/16,a leg length of at least 1-1/2,and staple

onstruction Nails & Staples ]]

Fasteners: A Complete Guide

Figure 4. Characteristics and dimensions of driven fasteners.

Figure 5. Examples of ring-shanked

calculation of withdrawal design values and to identify the

Fasteners: A Complete Guide

Dowel Bearing Strength,

Spruce / Pine / Fir (South)

Spruce / Pine / Fir

Douglas Fir / Larch North

Douglas Fir / Larch

Source: Austria and Czech Republic

example, LVL is made from sheets of veneer, PSL is made

values and general fastening instructions are published in the

The anatomy of SCL products is three-dimensional, so the

Figure 6. Geometry of a single-fastener face-nail connection.

Figure 7. Toe-nail connection geometry.

Toe nail connection

Figure 8. Grain direction in an end-nail connection; the arrows

e-Fastener Connection Geometry

Fasteners: A Complete Guide

|| FASTENER CORROSION RESISTANCE ||

The building codes require that steel nails are hot-dip

When specifying nails for metal connectors, use nails that

A zinc coated fastener, when exposed to a corrosive

The first step in the fastener selection process is to identify

Bostitch Fasteners [other fasteners see pg. 38]