Exercise 2.

10 (Solutions)

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Calculus and Analytic Geometry, MATHEMATICS 12

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Question # 1
Let x and 30 x be two positive integers and P denotes product integers then
P = x (30 x )
= 30x x 2
Diff. w.r.t. x
dP
= 30 2 x . (i)
dx
Again diff. w.r.t x
d 2P
= 2 (ii)
dx 2
dP
For critical points, put
=0
dx
30 2 x = 0
2 x = 30
x = 15
Putting value of x in (ii)
d 2P
= 2 < 0
dx 2 x =2
P is maximum at x = 15
Other + tive integer = 30 x = 30 15 = 15
Hence 15 and 15 are the required positive numbers.
Question # 2
Let x be the part of 20 then other is 20 x .
Let S denotes sum of squares then
S = x 2 + ( 20 x )

= x 2 + 400 40 x + x 2
= 2 x 2 40 x + 400
Diff. w.r.t x
dS
= 4 x 40 (i)
dx
Again diff. w.r.t x
d 2S
= 4 .. (ii)
dx 2
dS
For stationary points put
=0
dx
4 x 40 = 0
4 x = 40
Putting value of x in (ii)
d 2S
= 4 >0
dx 2 x =10
S is minimum at x = 10
Other integer = 20 x = 20 10 = 10
Hence 10, 10 are the two parts of 20 .

x = 10

Question # 3
Let x and 12 x be two + tive integers and P denotes product of one with square of the other then
P = x (12 x )

P = x 144 24 x + x 2

= x 24 x + 144 x
3

Diff. w.r.t x
dP
= 3x 2 48 x + 144 . (i)
dx
Again diff. w.r.t x

FSc-II / Ex- 2.10 - 2

d 2P
= 6 x 48 . (ii)
dx 2
dP
For critical points put
=0
dx
3 x 2 48 x + 144 = 0
x 2 16 x + 48 = 0
x 2 4 x 12 x + 48 = 0
x ( x 4 ) 12 ( x 4 ) = 0
( x 4 )( x 12 ) = 0
x = 4 or x = 12
We can not take x = 12 as sum of integers is 12 . So put x = 4 in (ii)
d 2P
= 6(4) 48
dx 2 x =4
= 24 48 = 24 < 0
P is maximum at x = 4 .
So the other integer = 12 4 = 8
Hence 4, 8 are the required integers.
Question # 4
Let the remaining sides of the triangles are x and y
Perimeter = 16
6 + x + y = 16
x + y = 16 10
x+ y = 6
y = 10 x .. (i)
Now suppose A denotes the square of the area of triangle then
A = s ( s a )( s b )( s c )
a +b+c 6+ x+ y
=
2
2
6 + x + 10 x
=
from (i)
2
16
=
= 8
2
A = 8 (8 6 )(8 x )(8 y )

Where s =

So

= 8 ( 2 )(8 x )(8 10 + x ) = 16 (8 x )( 2 + x )

(
)
= 16 ( 16 + 10 x x )
= 16 16 + 2 x + 8 x x 2

Diff. w.r.t x
dA
= 16 (10 2 x ) (i)
dx
Again diff. w.r.t x
d2A
= 16 ( 2 ) = 32
dx 2
dA
For critical points put
=0
dx
16 (10 2 x ) = 0 (10 2 x ) = 0 2 x = 10
Putting value of x in (ii)
d2A
= 32 < 0
dx 2 x =5
A is maximum at x = 5
Putting value of x in (i)
y = 10 5 = 5
Hence length of remaining sides of triangles are 5cm and 5cm .

x=5

Question # 5
Let x and y be the length and breadth of rectangle, then
Area = A = xy .. (i)
Perimeter = 60
x + x + y + y = 60
2 x + 2 y = 60

y
x

FSc-II / Ex- 2.10 - 3

x + y = 30
y = 30 x . (ii)
Putting in (i )
A = x ( 30 x )
A = 30 x x 2
Diff. w.r.t x
dA
= 30 2 x .. (iii)
dx
Again diff. w.r.t x
d2A
= 2 (iv)
dx 2
dA
For critical points put
=0
dx
30 2 x = 0
2 x = 30
x = 15
Putting value of x in (iv )
d2A
= 2 < 0
dx 2 x =15
A is maximum at x = 15
Putting value of x in (ii )
y = 30 15 = 15
Hence dimension of rectangle is 15cm, 15cm.
Question # 6
Let x and y be the length and breadth of the rectangle then
Area = xy
36 = xy y = 36 (i)
x
Now perimeter = 2 x + 2 y
P = 2 x + 2 36
x
1
= 2 x + 36 x

( )

Diff. P w.r.t x
dP
= 2 1 36 x 2 . (ii)
dx
Again diff. w.r.t x
d 2P
144
= 2 0 36 2 x 3
= 2 72x 3
=
2
dx
x3
dP
For critical points put
=0
dx
36
36
2 1 36 x 2 = 0 1 2 = 0 1 = 2 x 2 = 36
x
x
Since length can not be negative therefore x = 6
Putting value of x in (ii)
d 2P
144
=
> 0
2
3
dx x =6
(6)
Hence P is minimum at x = 6 .
Putting in eq. (i )
36
y =
= 6
6
Hence 6cm and 6cm are the lengths of the sides of the rectangle.

))

x = 6

Question # 7
Let x be the lengths of the sides of the base and y be the height of the box.
Then Volume = x x y
4
4 = x2 y
y = 2 (i)
x
Suppose S denotes the surface area of the box, then
S = x 2 + 4 xy

y
x
x

FSc-II / Ex- 2.10 - 4

4
S = x2 + 4x 2
S = x 2 + 16 x 1
x

Diff. S w.r.t x
dS
= 2 x 16 x 2 .. (ii)
dx
Again diff. w.r.t x
d 2S
32
= 2 16 2 x 3 = 2 + 3 . (iii)
2
dx
x
dS
=0
For critical points, put
dx
16
2 x3 16
2 x 16 x 2 = 0 2 x 2 = 0
= 0
x
x2
2 x3 16 = 0 2 x3 = 16
x3 = 8 x = 2
Putting in (ii)
d 2S
32
> 0
= 2+
2
dx x =2
( 2 )3
S is min. when x = 2
Putting value of x in (i)
4
y =
= 1
2
(2)
Hence 2dm, 2dm and 1dm is the dimension of the box.

Question # 8

Do yourself as question # 5.

Question # 9
Let y be the height of the open tank.
Then Volume = x x y
V
.. (i)
x2
If S denotes the surface area the open tank, then
S = x 2 + 4 xy
V
= x 2 + 4 x 2 S = x 2 + 4Vx 1
x
Diff. w.r.t x
dS
= 2 x 4Vx 2 .. (ii)
dx
Again diff. w.r.t x
8V
d 2S
= 2 4V 2 x 3 = 2 + 3 . (iii)
2
dx
x
dS
For critical points, put
=0
dx
4V
2 x 3 4V
2 x 4Vx 2 = 0
2x 2 = 0

= 0
x
x2
V = x2 y

y =

y
x
x

2 x3 4V = 0

2 x 3 = 4V
x3 = 2V
x = ( 2V ) 3
Putting in (ii)
d 2S
8V
8V
= 2+
= 2+
= 2+4 = 6 > 0
2
3
1
1
2V
dx x =( 2V )3
3
( 2V )

S is minimum when x = ( 2V ) 3
Putting in (i)
y =

x3

2 = x
2
x
2

Hence height of the open tank is

x
.
2

i.e.

x 3 = 2V

V=

x3
2

FSc-II / Ex- 2.10 - 5

Question # 10
Let 2x & y be dimension of rectangle.
Then from figure, using Pythagoras theorem

x 2 + y 2 = 82

y 2 = 64 x 2 .. (i)

Now Area of the rectangle is given by

A = 2x y

Squaring both sides

A2 = 4 x 2 y 2

= 4 x 2 64 x 2

= 256 x 2 4 x 4
Now suppose f = A = 256 x 4 x .. (ii)
Diff. w.r.t x
2

df
= 512 x 16 x3 .. (iii)
dx
Again diff. w.r.t x
d2 f
= 512 48 x 2 . (iv)
2
dx
df
For critical points, put
= 0
dx
512 x 16 x3 = 0

16 x 32 x 2 = 0
16 x = 0

or

32 x 2 = 0

x = 0

or

x 2 = 32

x = 4 2
Since x can not be zero or ive, therefore
x = 4 2
Putting in (iv )
d2 f
dx 2

= 512 48 4 2
x =4 2

= 512 48 ( 32 ) = 512 1536 = 1024 < 0

Area is max. for x = 4 2

Hence length = 2x
Breadth = y =

= 2 4 2

64 4 2

64 32 =

32 = 4 2

Hence dimension is 8 2 cm and 4 2 cm.

Question # 11
Let P ( x, y ) be point and let A ( 3, 1)

( x 3) + ( y + 1)
2
2
d 2 = ( x 3) + ( y + 1)
2
2
= ( x 3 ) + ( x 2 1 + 1)
2
d 2 = ( x 3) + x 4
2
f = d 2 = ( x 3) + x 4

Then d = AP =

Let
Diff. w.r.t x

Q y = x 2 1 (given)

FSc-II / Ex- 2.10 - 6

df
= 2 ( x 3) + 4 x 3 (i)
dx
Again diff. w.r.t x
d2 f
= 2 + 12 x 2 (ii)
2
dx
df
For stationary points, put
= 0
dx
2 ( x 3) + 4 x 3 = 0
2 x 6 + 4 x3 = 0
4 x3 + 2 x 6 = 0
2 x3 + x 3 = 0

ing by 2

By synthetic division

x =1

or

1 2

0
2

1
2

-3
3

2 x2 + 2x + 3 = 0
2 4 4(2)(3)
4
2 20
=
4

x =

Now put x = 1 in (ii)

This is complex and not acceptable.

d2 f
= 2 + 12(1)2 = 14 > 0
2
dx x =1
d is maximum at x = 1 .

y = 12 1 = 0

Q (1,0 ) is the required point.

Question # 12
Do yourself as Q # 11

tHE eND

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