Lami Main PDF

Examinations' Problems
For
3 rd
Seconda
Mr. Salah Soryal

General Advisor of Math
Mr. Wellington Atia

Senior Advisor of Math
All rights reserved to the Authors
(13)
{i4). :
(16)
(17)
--
(18). '
(19). '
(20)
(21)
(22)
(23)
(24)
<2s> I :
(26)
<27>
I :
210
[T} Permutations
(28)
I : Prove that
n-lp
=
r-1
n
n-r+l
(29)
: If
n-1p
5
x = {x: x
, Find the value of n
14
Z,-2 ~ x ~5)
= { (a, b): a, b
X, a
7'
[19]
bl,
[56]
Find the number of elements of K

(30)
I : If x ={ x: x
N, 4 ~ x ~ 15),
Y ={(a , b , c) : a , b and c
X, a
7'
7' c)
Find the number of elements ofY.

(31)
(32)
[1320]
: A garden has seven doors. In how many ways a man can get in and out of the garden
without getting in and out from the same door?
[42]
I : By how many different methods can 5 guests sit down in different 9 chairs (one person in
each chair) ?
(33)
[15120]
: A man can travel from heliopolis to Giza passing though the Tahrir square by taking one
of 5 bus lines from Heliopolis to Tahrir and taking one of 7 bus lines from Tahrir to Giza.
Find the number of ways in which the man can travel from Heliopolis to Giza then
return by a different bus line, such that he passes through Tahrir in the two travels.
[840]
(34)
: Find the number of Permutations that can be performed from the letters of the word
"MODERN" in each of the following:
(a) Each permutation contains only 3 letters.
[120]
(b) Each permutation contains only 6 letters.
[720]
(c) Each permutation starts with "M" and ends with "N"
(35)
I :If X = (3, 4, 5, 6, 7), find, without repeating any digit, each of the following:
(a) How many 5-digit numbers can be formed from the elements of X?
[24]
Permutations
(b) How many 5-digit numbers can be formed from the elements of X such that the unit
digit is neither 4 nor 5?
(c) How many 5-digit numbers can be formed from X such that the unit digit is not 4
and the tens digit is not 5?
[120, 72, 114]
(36)
I : If X =(2, 3, 4, 5, 6) find, without repeating any digit, each of the following:

(i)
How many numbers containing exactly 3 digits can be formed from X?
(ii) How many numbers containing at least 3 digits can be formed from X?
[60]
[300]
(iii) How many numbers containing at most 3 digits can be formed from X?
[851
(iv) How many even numbers containing exactly 3 digits can be formed from X?
[36]
(v) How many numbers between 4000 and 5000 can be formed from X?
[24]
EX~flCISE
(1)
: Find the vlaue of each
Combinations
the following:-
n+lc
n
[56, 1365, 190, 50, n+ 1]
(2)
(3)
32
(4)
: If
(5)
: If
(6)
+ 5 c4 + 5 c5
: Prove that :
nc
(8)
(9)
: find nc
n-1
[15, 136]
(7)
= nc6
21c
[210,1]
[12]
: If 42c
: If nc
n-2
If n+lc
(10).
If
(11).
If
12c
r
2r:-5
=
n-1
35,
, evaluate
n-1
[28]
= 21 , evaluate
me
find
me
n+3
[56, 495]
[84]
evaluate m, n
n+1
[17,7]
[330]
(12).
the
[3or10]
(13).
the
[7]
(14).
[6]
(15).
[4]
(16).
(17).
[7or8]
[7]
Combinations
(18)
I :
Find each of the follow ing ratios :
m 19e B
19e
(ii) 23 e
23e
...> 29e
(m
12
If
(20).
n+le : n+ 1e
6
5
Ilf 13e
If 2n+1e
<22>
If
<23>
If 7er = 7e3r-5
(24).
(26)
If
ne
ne
r-1
ne
> ne8
n-1
ne
[9}
11 : 9find n
ne
1: 3,
[3}
= 9 : 5, find the value of r
ln+le
<21>
[12}
= 3:4findvalueofn
13 e r+
r+2
ne
r-1
[15,4}
ne1 2 c find n r
I
=B : 3,
[10,3}
fin d n , r
, prove that n > 17
Find the smallest value of x , which satisfies that

Be
(27).
If
ne
(28).
If
ne
ne
x-1
~1
> 3
Be
!71
7 : 6, ne
ne
r+
[25,121
1 Find n r
I
r
[9,3}
Find values of n , r
(29).
18
3
7
3
3
l-1- 1 _,_]
2
3
2
5
(iv) <13e5 + 13e7> : 13es

<19>
29e
If
ner: ner+1
n-1e
(30). : Prove that : ne r

27C19
[34,13}
: ne r +2 = 2: 3 : 4, find n and r
r
, tlien" use it to evaluate
n-r
[~
+ 26e19
26e19
(31)
I- :Prove that :
2x+lc
x+lc
xey- 1
= _9
2xc
x+1
then useit to solve the equations
y-1
[x=4, y
=71
[10)
Combinations
nc
(32)
: Prove that :
+ nc
n+l
r+l
, then use it
r +1
nc9
to solve the equation:

(33)
(34)
: Prove
nc8
nc8
+ nc
that:
r+l
[20]
n+lc
r+l
and use it
(i) To prove that: nc + 2 nc

+ nc
r
r-1
r-2
17cr + 17cr+ 1
(ii) To solve the equation:
17cr+ 1 + 17cr+ 2
: If
(i)
x = {2, 3
n+2c
[5]
12
4 5 6 7} find
I
Number of all subsets of X
[64]
(ii) Number of subsets of X containing at least 4 elements of X.

(35)
[221
: In how many ways can each of the following choice be done:

(a) Drawing 2 playing cards from a pack of 52 playing cards.
(b) Forming a football team (11 players) from 15 players.
(c) Forming a committee of 3 men and 2 women from among 7 men and 5 women.
(d) Distribution of 8 prizes equally among 4 persons.
(36)
: From a class of 12 boys and 8 girls it is required to select a team containing 5 persons.
Find the number of the ways in which the team is selected in each of the following cases:
(a) If the members of the team are of any sex.
[15504]
(b) If the members of the team are only boys.
[792]
(c) If the members of the team are only girls.
[56]
(d) If the members of the team are of the same sex.

(e) If the team has 3 boys and 2 girls.
(37)
[1326, 1365, 350, 2520]
[848]
[6160]
: A box contains 7 balls. One of them is red and the others are of other colours. In how
many ways can four balls be chosen together from the box in each of the following cases:
(a) If the balls are of any colour.
[35]
(b) If only one ball is red.
[20]
Combinations
(38)
(c) If the four balls are not red.
[15]
(d) If the four balls contain at most one red
[35]
I : A box contains 15 oranges, 6 of which are defective and the others are perfect. Find the
number of ways in which we can select 4 oranges such that:
(a) 2 oranges are defective.
(39)
[540]
(b) At least one orange is defective.
[1239]
(c) The defective oranges do not exceed three.
[1350]
I :If X ={A, B, C, D, El where A, B, C, D and E are five coplanar points, and any three
points of them are non-collinear. Find:
(a) The number of straight segments whose two ends belong to X.
(b) The number of triangles whose vertices belong to X.
(c) The number of triangles whose vertices belong to X and each of which has the
vertex A.
[10,10,6]
(40)
I : 10 persons are nominated to choose 4 of them for a certain job. In how many ways can
they be selected. If a certain person must be selected in any choice, find in how many
ways they are selected. If a certain perpon must be set aside, find in how many ways they
are selected?
[210, 84, 126]
(41)
I : If the football team in Ahli club has 20 players, 2 for goal keeping, 10 for defence, and 8
for attack, in how many ways can a team be formed if the team contains 11 players, one of
them is a goal keeper, and 7 for defence and 3 for attack.
[13440]
(42)
I : 3 persons are chosen together from a group of 5 men and 4 women, in how many ways
can the three persons be chosen in each of the following cases:
(a) The three persons are of any sex.
(b)
(43)
The three persons are of the same sex.
[84]
[14]
(c) If only two of them are of the same sex.
[70]
(d) If at least two of them are of the same sex.
[84]
I : A test paper contains 8 questions. The student has to answer 6 of them such that he
selects at least 2 questions from among the first four questions and at least 2 questions
from among the last four. In how many ways can the student select the questions?
[23]
(1) .
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5) .
(6)
(7)
'
(8)
(10). '
[i4)
The Expansion of the Binomial
Use the expansion of the binomial theorem to evaluate each of:

<21>
I : <1 + {5> 4
<22>
I : <1 + 2 {2"> 6 -
<23>
I : <2 ~ +
(24)
(25)
4
+ <1-{5 >
[1121
[2200 {21
<1-2 {2>6
~ >5
<21/3- 3
fi >5
[19224
: (1.02 >12 + (0.9S >12 approx. to 3 decimal places.
I : (1.003 >6 -
4
: If (x + 1 > + (x-1
(27)
6
: If (x + {2 > - (x-{2 >6 = 560 x
[0.0361
>4 = 16 find thevalueofx.
{2
[2.053]
(0.997 >6 approx. to 3 decimal places.
(26)
f2
[1,-1J
find values of x
[O, 2,-21
-~-(28)
: If (1 + x) 8
= c0
c1 x
c2 x 2
c3 x 3
+ ..... + Cs x s. .
Find the value of
each of the following:

[256]
[zero]
(iii) Co + 2C1 + 4C2 + 8C3 + .........
+ 256 Cs
[65611
The General Term and the Middle

Term of the Expansion of the Binomial
EXERCISE (4)
Find the required term in the expansion of each of the following:

(1)
: T5 in (1 + 2x) 8 and T7 in (2x-1)10

{1120 x4, 3360 x 4J
(2)
(3)
: T4 in (2 + x) 6 and T6 in (
i : T5
(4)
Ys
in ( v,.
fx - -
{3 -
)9
3
3
and T7 in ( -z r-- - 3x
- )
: T7 in ( x3 - 7 )10 and T9 in (
3
x-
1
Yx-zyx_
)12
4480
[
(5)
27 '
16x ]
: Find the coefficient of the fourth term in the expansion of

189
( x2 + l_)B
2
x2
(6)
495 -2
[-]
4
: Find the tenth term from the end in the expansion of
( x2 - .!_ J13
2
x
Find the order and the value of each of the following terms:
(7)
(a) The middle term in the expansion of (1- x) 12
+x
(b) The two middle terms in the expansion of (1
{2 )9
[T5
(8)
(a) The middle term in the expansion of (x +
~lO
-
T6
=504 {2x5J
[8064]
xx1
(b) The two middle terms in the expansion of (
= 504 x 4 ,
15
T8 = 2145x9, T 9 =19305 x 6J
(9)
(a) The middle term in the expansion of (2x +

(b) The two middle terms in the expansion of (
1-.JB
2
Fx
.jx )
11
[16]
The General Term and the Middle Term

: Find the ratio between the seventh tenn in the expansion of (3x-v 14 and the ninth tenn
in the expansion of (x + 3)16
[7 : 30]
(11)
: Find the ratio between the middle and fourth tenns in the expansion of
( lx + !,_)10 when x
3
2x
(12)
=3
[21 : 160]
In the expansion of (x + ay>7, the coefficient of T 5 is 560 find the value of a
. If the middle tenn in the expansion of (3x 2 + 2_ )8

3x
[ 2]
is 17920, find the value of x.

[2]
: If the two middle tenns in the expansion of (3x + 2y) 13 are equal prove that 3x = 2y.
: If the ratio between the two middle terms in
the expansion of (1 + x)27 is 1 : 4 find the

[4]
valueofx.
: If the two middle tenns in the expansion of (ax+ b)2n + 1
are equal prove that x =
.!!_,
a
: In the expansion of (1 + x) 10 according to the ascending powers of x the ratio between the
seventh term and the fourth tenn is 2 : 49 find the value of x .
---=-
.!.._ 1
7
: If the ratio between the fourth tenn and the middle tenn in the expansion of (3x+ 2) 10 is
21 : 10 find the value of x .
!._ 1
5
---- : If the coefficient of T3 in the expansion of (1
VJ
x)n equals 27, find number of tenns of
2
this expansion
[10]
: If the ratio between T6 in the expansion of (x + ..!:.._ >15 and T5 in the expansion of
x
(x - - ) 14 equals 8 : 9 . Find the value of x .

x2
'J
~]
3
The General Term and the Middle Term

: If the ratio between T 6 in the expansion of (2x + a) 9 and T 8 in the expansion of (ax2 + 2)9
is 7 : 54, fin d the value of a.
2-1
3
: Find the middle term in the expansion of (3 + 2x) 8 + (3-2x) 8

: Find the middle term in the expansion of (1 + x)6 + 6x (1 + x)S + 15x2 (1 + x)4 + ... + x6
fT4 = 160x3l
: Prove that the middle term of the expansion of (1 + x ) 2n equals
1 x 3 x 5 x .... x (2n - 1)
~~~~~~~
X2
n n
X .
: If L and M are the two middle terms of

-----
(26)
the expansion of (2 x - -
- )9 prove that :
4x2
L+8MX3_o
- .
: Jn the expansion of (1 + x)n according to the ascending powers of x, the second term is
-10
40
- and the third term is - , find values of n and x, and the fourth term.
9
3
2
-80
[5,- - , --1
3
27
(27)
: In the expansion of (1 + x)n according
to the ascendinx powers of x, thr third term equals
2Bx2, and the fifth tenn equals 1 20, fi nd the zmlues of n and x.
(28)
[8, 21
: The f irst th ree terms in the expansion of (1- mx)n according to the ascending powers of x
are 1 and - _!__ x and 0.03 x 2 respectively find values of m , n .
4
[25,0.011
(29)
: Tn the expansion of (2x-3) 15 according to the descending powers of x;

13 T 3 + 1OT4 + T 5 = 0 for some certain values of x, f ind these values.
[0.5 or4.5]
The Coefficient of xr and the Term

Free of X in the Binomial Expansion
EXERCISE (5)
(1)
: Find the term free of x in the expansion of (x - -) 10

x
[1'6
(2)
: Find the coefficient of x in the expansion of (
(3)
: In the expansion of
(x2
3x
=[-252]
2
+ - )11
3x
+ - ) 10 find the coefficient of each of x2 and x-1.

x
[210, 120]
3
(4)
7
[ -]
x2- 3-x )9
: Find the term free of x in the expansion of ( -
2
x2
18
: Find the coefficient of x4 in the expansion of ( - + -2 ) 8 and value of the term free of x.
2
x
[ 189 , 2835 J
4
8
1
x4
2
(6) : Find coefficient of x25 and that of - in. the expansion of ( - + - ) 15
x3
2
x3
3003
[
, 40040]
32
[ 1365 J
('!!""7)!""'"'!!!!.- : Find the coefficient of x 14 in the expansion of x4 ( ..::_ + _:_ )15
2
x3
128
13
(8)
: Find the term free of x in the expansion of x9 <x2- .!:__. )
[ 1716]
(5)
x3
(9)
: Find the coefficient of the term including
71
x z
<2
F-
{X
in the expansion of
[3360]
->10
(10)
: Find the term free of x in the expansion of
(11)
: Find the coefficient of the term incluiiing (

2x
y
( -+ -)10
y
2x
x2
( - - - )9
[756]
in the expansion of
[1920]
The Coefficients
x
: Prove that the expansion of

/ ( -2
)1Odoes not include a term free of x, then find the

[ 1051
coefficient of
x6
: If T5 is the term free of x in the expansion of (2x - - )n, find the value of n and the
x2
coefficient of x 3.
[12,-101376]
: In the expansion of (x3 +
1
xl
jSn prove that the term free of x equals the coefficient of x5n,
is
coefficient of x5n.
[10]
: Find the coefficient of x 9 in the expansion of

[(2 + x) 10 + 10(2 + x) 9 (1 + x) +
(2 + x) 8 (1 + x) 2 + ..... + (1 + x )10)
[15360]
: Find th~ coefficient of (xy) 8 in the expansion of

(x
{2
+ JL)B (x
f2
{2 -
~8
[70]
v2
(.1-7~)""!._...: If n is a positive integer. Prove that there is no term free of x in (x5 + ..!._ J2n unless for
x2
n=7 or its multiples then find the term free of x when n = 7
[T11 = 1001]
(18)
: If the ratio between the coefficient of the term including x4 and the coefficient of the term
including x2 in the expansion of (5-4x)n is 8 : 5, find the value of n given that it is a +ve
integer.
(19)
[BJ
: Find the value of (a) which makes the coefficient of x5 equals the coefficient of x 15 in the
a
1
expansion of (2x 2 + x3 ) 10.
[ 3
1
VJ
(20)
: If the term free of x in the expansion of (x 2 +
k
x J15 equals coefficient of x5 in the same
3
expansion evaluate k
14 =do+d1x+d2x2 +
(21). :Jf(a-xJ
prove that a = 2
~]
5
x3+ .... +d14x14 and4d + 11(d2+d3)=0,
THE
(1)
: Prove that
rrw++,,~.,,..
T 4 =70
(2)
: In the exmms111n
fifth term
(3)
if
(4)
(1
(5)
: The '""H-1""1"'""
coefficient
(6)
(7)
(8)
of (1 +xJ20 equals
terms.
+ x) 2n equals the sum
to
ascending
2
-,9]
13
find values
[15,1]
, k.
[10,21
sum of coefficients of
[7or14]
ratio of the sum of the

coefficients of the
20, 21]
EXERCISE (6)
(1)
The Ratio Between Two consecutive

Terms in the Binomial Expansion
In the expansion of (4x + 3y) 15 find each of

T7
Coef. ofT12
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
T5
Coef of T11
(iv)
T9
T7
(v)
Coef ofT6
Coef of T8
[5'114X p 15144, 4x/9y, s1y21112x2 I 1121135]

(2)
In the expansion of (2 + x)13 according to the ascending powers of x, the ratio between the
eleventh term and the tenth term equals 3:10 find the value of x.
[ !_1
2
(3)
: If the
seventh and the eighth terms in the expansion of (4 + 3x) 18 are equal find
value
7
ofx.
(4)
: If the ratio between the coefficients of T 8, T9 in the expansion of (3 + x)n equals 3 : 2, find
the value of n.
(5)
: If the
'[231
ratio between the coefficient of T6 and coefficient of T4 in the expansion
3
2x
( - + -)n according to the ascending powers of x is 8 : 27 find value of n
2
3
--
(6)
: If the
[9]
two middle terms in the expansion of (5x + 7y) 13 are equal find the ratio x: y
[7 :51
(7)
: If the
two middle terms in the expansion of (3x + 5)2n+ 1 are equal find the value of x.
5
[ 31
(8)
If the ratio between the coefficient of a certain term in the expansion

coefficient of its immediate preceding term equals 5 : 2, find the
and the
The Ratio Between 2 Terms

(9)
: In the expansion of (1 + x)n,
If the coefficient of T6 equals the coefficient of T9 , and the
ratio between T8 and T6 is 3 : 4 find values of n , x

(10)
: If the expansion of (1 + x) 8 according to the ascending powers of x , it is found that the

sum ofT4 and T6 equals twice T5. Find the value of x.
(11)
[13, -
[ 2"r 21
: In the expansion of (1 + x)n according to the ascending powers of x, it is found that : the
ratio between the sum of coefficients of T5 and T7 and coefficient of T6 equals 5 : 3, find
value of n.
[9or101
if T1 + T3 =2T2 , x = 2y find the value of n.
(12)
: In the expansion of (x + y )n,
(13)
: In the expansion of (2x-3) 8 according to the descending powers of x.
If 15 T3 + 10T4 + 2T5 = 0, for certain values of x find these values.
[81
1
[-or
-1
2
(14)
: In the expansion of (x + 3)n according to the descending powers of x, it is found that

2
1
T10 = - T9 , T15 = - T14 find the values ofn, x.
[20,61
3
4
(15)
: The sixth term in the expansion of (1 + x)n according to the ascending powers of x equals
twice the seventh term, and the ratio between the fourth and second terms equals 15 : 4
find value of n , x.
[11,
1
- 1
(16)
: If the ratio between T3 , T4 in the expansion of (x + y) 8 equals 1 : 4, and the middle term
equals 1120 find values of x, y.
[1, 21
(17)
: In the expansion of (1 + mx)n, the ratio of the coefficient of T7 to the coefficient of T5 is

8: 5 and the value of the coefficient of T3 equals 112 times the value of the coefficient of
T1. prove that n = 8, then evaluate m.
(18)
[21
: In the expansion of (1 + x)n if T6 : T7 : T8 equals 21 : 14: 6 find the values of x, n

[1, 91
The Ratio Between 2 Terms

.........=...
: If the second and the third term in the expansion of (a
+ b)n are respectively 96 and 60,
and given that a =4b. Find values of a , b , n.

(20)
: In the expansion of (2x + y)n,
if Tr+ 1 = Tr+ 2 , 4 Tr+J
[ 2,
= 3T r+ 2, y
= 2x. Find values of
n, r.
: In the expansion of (1 + x)n,
- , 61
[13,6]
if 4 T3 = 45, T2 x T4 = 75 find values of n, x.
[10,
: If the ratio between the coefficients of three consecutive terms in the expansion of (1
21
+ x)n
is 1 : 3 : 5. Find n and the orders of these term.

(23)
: In the expansion of (1 + 2x)n according to the ascending powers of x, the ratio between the
coefficients of three consecutive terms is 1 : 5 : 20. Find value of n, and the order of these
terms.
: The second, third and fourth terms in the expansion of (x + a)n are 18, 144, 672
respectively. Evaluate each of n, x and a
(25)
[9, 1,2]
: The third, the fourth and the fifth terms in tl1e expansion of (x- y)n are 252, - 1512 , 5670
respectively, evaluate each of n, x, y.
[8, 1, 3]
EXERCISE (7)
(1)
Miscellaneous Problems on the

Binomial Theorem
1
: In the expansion of (2x 2 +
)9 find:
4x
(First)
the value of the tenn free of x.
(Second)
value of x which makes the two middle terms in this expansion having equal
21
[T7 = - ,
128
values.
1
x = -1
2
2
: In the expansion of (x + - ) n prove that the middle tenn is itself the tenn free of x , and
x
find its value when n = 4.
[701
1
2x
3
: Find the middle tenn and the term including .x3 in the expansion of ( - + - ) 12
3
and if the ratio between these two terms equals 7 : 9 find the value of x .
[924
2x2
x 6 , 352x-3 ,
3
-
...,,.-=-
: Find the order of the tenn free of x in the expansion of (x2 +
--t 12 , then
determine its
2x
value, and if this term equals 0.02 of its immediate preceding term find value of x.
5
495
[T9= _ , -1
256
2
: In the expansion of (2x + -
)n,
if the term free of x is the seventh term, prove that this
term equals the coefficient of the middle term, and
if the eighth term in
equals four times the sixth tenn find the value of x .
this expansion
[
3x
: The ratio between T5, T6, T7 in the expansion of ( -
-1
2
+ - ) is as the ratio 40:24:11,

3x
find values of n , x , then find the value of the middle term or the two middle tenns in this
expansion.
[n = 16, x =
, T9 = 12870]
~ Miscellaneous
(7)
In the expansion of (1-x)n according to the ascending powers of x, the coefficient of T4 =

the coefficient of T8, and Tr+Z + Tr+ 1-2Tr = 0, when x = 1 find values of n, r.
[10, 5]
(8)
: In the expansion of (1 + x)n prove that:

xTr+l + Tr+2
(9)
(10)
n+1
Tr+l
r+1
2
1
: In the expansion of (3x + 4) n+ according to the descending powers of x, if the ratio
between the coefficient of T1oand the coefficient of T8 equals 20 : 9, and the two middle
4
terms in this expansion are equal find n , x.
[8, - ]
3
1
1
: If T17 is free of x in the expansion of (2xn + - ) n + , prove that this expansion has two
2x
middle terms then find the ratio between their coefficients.
[n
=16, 1: 4]
: Find the coefficient of x2 in the product of (1 + x) 10 (1-2x) 5

[-15]
,
the term free of x in the product (1
+ x) 2 (x- x
>7.
[70]
2 )5
[34]
(12)
: Find
(13)
: Find the term free of x in the product (2 + x2)2 (1 +
(14)
: In the expansion of (1 + 2x)3 (1- :?___ ) 8, find value of:
2x
(i)
the term free of x
(ii)
Coefficient of x2
.
f:-827,84]
(15)
: Find the coefficients of x2 and x3 in the expansion of (1 + x-x2)5
[5,,-10]
COMPLEX NUMBERS
Operations on Complex
Numbers & Their Properties
EXERCISE (8)
Write each of the following in the simplist form: where i 2
(l)
=-1
p.o + izs + i3o + i3s
: (iJ
(ii) 6 z43 + 5 i 32
i3
[zero]
+ 4 i29 + 3 i18 + 2 i 9
3
-:-- +
(iii)
<2>
is
[2]
[4i]
i7
(i) 3i64 -si99+zi11 4+3i259
[1+2i]
(ii) 3 + 3 i-1 + 3 i-2 + 3 i...J + 3 i-4
[3]
i4n + 1 + i4n + 2 + i4n + 3 + i4n-3 + z4n-2 + i4n-1
(3)
f-2]
, where n is a positive integer.
(4f1f'
(5)
(i)
(ii) 2i (4-7i)-3i (5-2i)
{8-7i]
(iii) 3 (S-i) +Si (2 + 3i)-7i
[zero]
(i)
(2
(ii)
(5
v -rs o
vz- +
(iii) (2 +
(6)
['J-11i]
7 (4-Si) + 2 (7i-3)-5 (3-2i)
(i) (3
(2
Vi"+
rs
{5 i) (2 {5 -
3 Vzi)
Y3 o2 + ( {3- 2i )2
+ 2i) (3-2i)-(3-2i) 2
(ii) (S + 4i)2 + (S- 4i)2

(iii) (9 + 2i) (7-4i) - (4-7i) (5 + 3i)
(7)
(i) (1
+ 2if (1-2i) 2 + (1 + i) 4
(ii) (3 + 3i + 7f) (2 + 4i-i2 )

(8)
(i) (1
+ i)6- (1-i)6
(ii) (2 + 3i;2 (5-12i)-(2-3i)2 (5 + 12i)

(9)
<Vs+ 12i + vs -12iJ2

4
(ii) (3 + {2 i) 4 + (3 - Vi"" i)
(i)
[17]
i)
[19
l(i01
.[zero]
[8+12i]
[18]
[30 + i]
[21]
[25]
[-16i]
[240i]
[36]
f-46]
[281
Operations on Complex Numbers
:m
(3i5-4i 8-st10 + 2i15 >3
: (ii)
<4 r 79 + i51 + 3 i-66 >4
(11). : Ifz
[-324]
, prove that:
z3 - 122 + 162-10
(12)
[2i-2]
=o
z2 = 2 + i , prove that:
z1zl + z 2z 13 =- 40
: If Z 1 =1+2i,
(first)
(second)
zi3 + zi
: For every n
(a) (1
= 9 (i-1)
z+ , prove that:
+ i + i 2 ) 4n = 1
(b) (1 + i)4n _ (1- i)4n
=0
(c) [ 14 n+3_ i2(2n +1)14 = _4

(14)
: If n is a +ve integer, prove that
1 + in + i 2n + i3 n
(15)
: Prove t hat :
=4 or zero
20c i + 20c i 2
(1 +
2
1
+ ....... + 20c20 i 20 )
=-
O1024
: Factorize each of the follo wing into two complex facto rs:
13
[(3
+ 2i) (3-2i)]
(ii) 89
[(8
+ 5i) (8-5i)]
(iii) 117
[(9 + 6i) (9- 6i)J
(i)
(iv) L2 + 16
(17)
m2
[(L + 4 mi) ( L- 4 mi)]
z2 = 1 + 3i
: If Z 1 =3 + 2i
(i)
Z1 + Z1 E R
(iii)
Z 1 + Z2
verfy that:
(ii)
Z1 Z1
E R
Z 1 + Z2
(v) square of Z1 = conjugate of
z/
Find each of the following in the form x + yi :

5+2i
(b)
(a)
(2 + iT1
1
[(2-Si), - (2-i)]
3 + Si
10 i
(a)
3+i
(b)
1+i
[(1 + 3i), (4 + i)]

3-li
(20)
(21)
: (a)
s-2i
(1 + 3i)
: (a)
{3'" +
Vli
T - T
(b)
-V"
(2 + i)
[1-i ,
(i-1) (3-4i)
'V'(b)
(1 -2i)
16 iJ
(1 + 2i)2
[(i-3), (1- i)]
1 + 4i + 3i2-7i3
(22)
: (a)
(b)
4 + 7i + 3i2 + Si3
6+12i
3+i
7 (1-i)
1+i
[(4+3i) I (3-4i)]
(23). : If
+ i) (3i-1)
(2
z=
, prove that
(3-i) (2i + 1)
z-1 =-i
: Prove that:
F- i
F +i
(i)
=1
{3-
3 + 4i
(ii)
~'3
y
..; + i
3-4i
2+i
2-i
: Prove that :
(i) (1
(26)
+ ir3 + (1-ir3
: If Z1=3-4i
(i)
(Z 1 I
=- -
(ii)
z2) = z1 I
z;
(28)
: If
z1 =
: If Z1
(3 -i)2
2i 89
2+i
,Z2
1+i
(1
+ i 9)3
1+2i
= ---
: If Z1
Z14 +
26
25
, prove that
1+i
z 1 = Z2
15 (Z 12 + Zzl>
[1}
8 Z1Z2 (Z1 + Z2>
7-i
13-i
2-i
, prove that z 1 = z2
, then find the value of

(30)
2i 28
, then calculate the value of
(29)
5-2i
<z 1-1 > = <z1r1
(ii)
1 +i29
: Prove that :
(3 + i)2
prove that:
(27)
5 + 2i
, prove that
2-i
Z 12 Z22 +
z24
11
[301
(31)
I :If Z1 =
7 + i9
1 + i23
, prove that
5-10 i13
z1 =
Z2
[-4]
Z (Z
, then calculate the value of:
2 1 2 1 + 2 2>
.
-1
-1
1
(3 + i)
(32). : If z 1 = 2- z , z1 + z 2 = 1 , prove that : z2 = 18 + i
2
is one of the roots of a second degree equation with real coefficients , find
(33)
: If
2 + 3i
this equation
x2-6x + 25 =OJ
(34)
: If L , M are the roots of the equation:
(1-i) X2 -( 1-3i)X + (3-i) = 0 ,find the value of LM3 + ML 3 .

(35)
[4 - 13i]
I : Ij(L + Mi) 2, (L-Mi) 2 are the roots of the equation:

x 2 + 6x + 25 = 0 find values of L, M
(36)
: If Z
if they E
,(z )~re the roots of the equation: x2 + 16X + 100 = O

[ (1 + 3i), (1- 3i)J
find the number Z.

(37)
[1,2]
R+
: If a , b, c, d, x, y E R, and (a + bi) (c +di)
= x + yi prove that:
<x2 + y2) =(a2 + b2) (c2 + d2)

(38)
: If a , b , L , M E R and (a + bi) 3
= L + Mi, prove that:
L2 +M2 = (a2 + b2)3

(39)
a+bi
I :If a, b, x, y ER, and
a-bi
= x + yi, prove that: x 2 + y 2 = 1
Find the real values of x and y in each of the following equations:

(40). : (x + yi)-(2-3i)
(41>
=5 + Bi
: (2x + 9i) + (4-3yi)
(42). : (3 + 4i) (5-7i)
=0
f-2
=x + yi
(43). : (2-i) x + (3i-7) y + 2

(44)
[7 I 5]
: (3-2i) x + (5 + 3i)y
3]
[43,-1]
=0
[6, 2]
=4-9i
(45). : (3 + 2i) x + (2 + 3i) y + 5-i
[3,-1]
=0
[-3.4, 2.6]
3
(46). :x+yi=(3-i)
[18,-26]
"

(47). : <1 + Fi)
[-8,-8 ~ 1
=x + yi
2
(48). : (x + yi) ( 1+2i) =5 (i-2)
(49)
: x + yi
[2, 1]
1 J)i
f -5- , _y2J
(1-{2 i)3
(1+ i)19
(50)
: x + yi =
1
[-,OJ
2
(1-i)21
x2+ y2
(51).
3i-1
x-yi
(3 + i)2
(52)
: (5-2i) (x + yi) = 3 (x-2yi) + 6 + 20i
(53)
: (2x- 3yi) (1 + 2i) = (2- i)3
(54)
: x + 9 (2- i) = y + (5-3i)x
(55)
: (2- 3xi) (4-yi) =
(56)
(57).
x+ iy
2-i
x+2+yi
[3, 12}
[2 or - -
x-1-yi
x +y+ i
x-y+i
2x + 3iy
, - 4 or 12]
3
f-3 or 2 ,-2 or 3]
1-i
~
5
[-2, 1]
80
1
[2,--J
2
3x+yi
_:_,
[1, 2]
2+i
11-27 i
x (x + i) + y (y-i) =
1-2i
(58).
(60).
(1 + 3i)2
1+i
x + 2yi
(59).
i-3
2+i
23
[3, 1]
1+4i
[2 ,-1]
-1 +i
1+i
2+i
2 +i
[1.4, 0.4]
1 +2i
Solve each of the following equations in the set C:

(61).
(62).
(63).
(64).
(65).
:z2 + 2s =o
:z2 + 4Z + 13 =0
:z2- 6Z + 58 =0
:z2- (2- i) z + (3-0 =o
:z2-2 z=o
(66). : z 2-4i
z=4
[Si ,-Si]
[-2 + 3i ,-2-3i]
[3 + 7i, 3- 7i]
[1+i,1-2i]
[0,2,-1 + VJi,-1-fiJ
' 4 + 2i,-4 + 2i]
fl
Modulus and Amplitude of Z

(5)
I :z =
(6)
I :z =
(7)
(8)
5-i
3 + 2i
9 + 21i
(9)
2 +
(cos
{5i
4 m1
TT+ i sin
r
TT . . IT]
,cos - + i sin 2
2
z=
{2 (cos 135 + i sin 135 )]
{S-2i
:z =
:
[3
2-5i
I :z =
[{2
[2(cos150 + i sit! 150 )]
2+i
2-i
1+i
1-i
[cos
TT+ i sin
TD
Put each of the following numbers in the trigonometric form to determine its
modulus and its principal amplitude:
<10>
(a) z 1 =2 (sin 3G + i cos 30)

(b)
z2 =-4 (cos 45- i sin 45)

rr . . rr
(c) z3 =-6 (cos
6+1 sin
1T
J?
<11> I
z2 =-8
rr
(sin
rr
+ i cos - )
6
6
(a) z 1 =6 (cos 120 - i sin 120)
I_ ITJ
4
[3, 3301
[8, 225 1
[2, 120 1
[6,240"]
[8, 330 1
(c) z3 = 2 (sin 225 + i cos 225 )
[2, 225 1
I : If Z = 2 {2+ 2 {2 i find each of the following in the trigonometric

I : IfZ =-1 +
=2
Form:
.!__
Z ,
(Z)-1
{3i,find each of the following in the trigonometric

-
[ "'2,
(b) z2 =-8 (cos 210- i sin 210)
Form: Z,-Z, Z, (15)
- ,
Form: Z , - Z , Z
(14)
1T
m
-1
[6,
Tl)
. Tl .
(sm
- - i cos -
(c) Z3 =
(13)
. .
[4, 135 1
(d)Z 4 = v-- (cos

4 -isin 4
IT
TT
(a) z 1 = 3 (sin - - i cos )
3
3
(b)
(12).
[2, 60]
{3 -
2 i
-;i
, (ZT
find each of the following in the trigonometric
- 1 (ZT
;y:"j_
,Z,_,
Product and Division of the Trig. Forms of

Complex Numbers & De Moivre's Theorem
EXERCISE (10)
(1)
I : Find each of the following products in the trigonometric form:

(a) 4 (cos 37 + i sin 37) x 2 (cos 23 + i sin 23 )
TT . . TI)
(
TI . .
Tr)
+ t sin x cos - + t sin 6
6
3
3
(c) 8 (cos 82 + i sin 82) x 3 (cos 38 + i sin 38)
(2)
(b) 3 (cos
(d) 2 (cos
TI+ i sin
TI )
m tsin
.. u
m>
(cos n+
I : Find each of the following products in the trigonometric
& algebraic forms:
(a) 3 (cos 43 + i sin 43) x2 (cos 77 + i sin 77)
(b) 4 (cos
TI+ i sin
11) x
{2"
(c) 2 (cos 97 + i sin 97) x
(cos
B TI+ i sin B
TI)
(sin 52 + i cos 52)
(d)-4 (cos 227 + i sin 227) x-3 (cos 167- i sin 167)
(3)
I : Find each of the following products in the trigonometric
& algebraic form and
the algebraic form:

(a)-{2 (cos 19 - i sin 19) x 3
Vl (cos.26- i sin 26)
(b)-8 (cos -1T-i sin -Tl) x - 15

2
15
Tr
(sin 5
TT
- i cos 5
(c) 5 (cos 4 8 + i sin 4 8) x 2 (sin 3 8 + icos 3 8 ), where

tan 8
(4)
I :If Z1 =
= -4
1
rr
2
0< 8 < -
2<cos 29 + i sin 29),
z2 =8 (cos 53 + i sin 53),
z3 = 4" (cos 38 + i sin 38). Find z1 x z2 x z3 in the trig. form and the algebraic form.
1
:
[15 (cos 120 + i sin 120 ) = (5)
1-}-{3 i]
I :Find the quotient of each of the following in the trig. form and the algebraic form:
(a)
21(cos72 + i sin 72)
3 (cos 213 + i sin 213)

(b)
7 (cos 27 + i sin 27)
~ (cos 93 + i sin 93)
6 (cos o + i sin O")
34 (cos 287 + i sin 287)

(c)
17 (sin 43 + i cos 43)
(d)
(cos
7{1 + i sin
:rr)
Product & Division

(6)
: If Z1 = 10 (cos 249 + i sin 249), z2 = 21 (cos 170 + i sin 170),
z3 = 42 (cos 104 + i sin 104),find the number

algebraic farms
3
(7)
: If tan 8
=4 ,0 < 8
1
<
z 1 xz2
- - - - i n the trigonometric &

Z3
5
(1-i)J
[212
rr,find the number
(cos 28 + i sin 28) (cos 38 + i sin 38)
in the algebraic form
sin (90- 48) + i cos (90-48)
(8)
: lf Z 1 =3 {3-3 i,
z2 = 3 (cos
[ 5
120 + i sin 120) find each of z 1z2 and
(4 + 3i)]
Z~
in the
trigonometric & algebraic forms

[18 i, -13- i]
.......__
{J" + 7i
II
IT
(9)
: If Z 1 =
z2 =sin -3 + i cos -3
1-2
find each of Z 1' Z 1Z2 , Z 1;z 2 in the trigonometric and algebraic farms
.,Pi
.y3;1
~TT,findeachof
-{J + i, -2 '-1 +
=;
(10). :IJZ 1 =10i,Z2 =

(cos8+isin8),wheretan 8
Z7 Z2, Z1/Z2 in the trigonometric and algebraic forms:
(11)
lf Z1=6i3
z2 =1 + i
find the number
Z1xZ2
Z3
z3 =2(sin5
TT
,0< fJ <
[-20 + 15i, 3.2 + 2.4i]
1T
U+tcos5 U)
in the trigonometric and algebraic farms

[3 {i<cos 300 + i sin 300 "),
(12). : If Z1=8 (cos105 + i sin 105),
{2<1-
z2 = i-1, z3 =-{3-i,find the number
{Jin
21
Z2 Z3
in
the trigonometric, and algebraic forms

[2 {2<cos 120 + i sin 120 ) = -
(13). :IJZ 1
= 5(cos2fJ
+isin2fJ),where IT< 8 <
217,
tan fJ=
{i+ {6il
4'
z2 =-2 (cos 8-i sin 8 ), find the number z 1 z2 in the trigonometric and the algebraic
forms
[8+6i]
(14). :IfZ1=5(sin8+icos8),Z2=tan 8
{5
(cos28-isin28),where 8
E] 0, IT[
= T ,find the number z1;z2 in the trigonometric and the algebraic forms.
[1-2i]
[36)
Product & Division

DEMOIVRE THEOREM:
(15)
I : Write each of the following numbers in the

(i)
(iii)
(16)
Z1 = l
Vi (cos 24 + i sin 24)f
z3 =[sin 75 + i cos I9
[-1 + {ii,
- 8 (1 + i)
: Change the number
2F
Z = 1 + i into the
3
and z- in the trigonometric and algebraic forms
+
(17)
I : Change the number
= {Ji -1 into
theorem to prove that:

(i)
(18)
z3 = (Zi3 = 8
(ii)
I : If Z =- {2 (cos ~ - i sin ~~'find each of
z6
and algebraic forms

[-(1 +
(19)
I :Find each of the following in the trig.
(20)
I : Find the value of each

(a)
<21> I
(cos 35 + i
1
f
8t
algebraic fonns
(a) (cos 39 + i sin 39) 4 x (cos 53 + i sin 53 ) 3

(b) (cos Tl+ i sin Tl )5 x
6
6
(c) [ -{2 (cos 15 + i sin )f
{ii>
Product & Division

the trig. and algebraic forms
[ !:_ ri<1 + i)]

2
in the trigonometric form each
that
z4 =8Z
in the trig. form, hence find the
in each of the trigonometric and algebraic forms
two numbers :
(25).
z1 = 1- i , Z 2
3-
{ii
[32]
in the trigonometric form,
trigonometric and algebraic forms.
{ii> , 12 {31
[18 (1 +
= {3- i in the trigonometric
ZIT
TT
.
/ Z 3 = l. cos --sin
4
rr
4
trigonometric and algebraic forms
=2 (cos
number
e) , Z2:::
8- i sin 8) where sin 8 =
a-{iiJ
~,
4
x z23 in the algebraic form.

2 (sin 8 + i cos
the number (Z1 4 !
[4
e) I
[2
where tan 8
zi> in the algebraic form.
3
4 ,
5
[ -(3 + 4 i)]
8
cos 2 0- sin 2 e
cos 2 0
cos 3 e
{7 + 6i]
4 cos 3 e
3 cos
EXERCISE (11) (The Roots of the Complex

(1)
Numbe1
: Use Demoivr's theorem to find the two square roots of each of the following
numbers:
<a> z = 2 + 2
z =-4
(d)
(2)
(b)
z =9 i
(e) Z =-4
(c)Z=3
(j)
{3u-v
z =2-2 VJi
: Find algebraically the two square roots of each of the following numbers:
(a)
Z =-8-6 i
(b)
z = 15 + 8 i
=5-12 i
(d)
z = 2 (3-4i)
(c) Z
[(1-3i), (4 + i) (3-2i), {2<2- i)]

f
(3)
: Find algebraically the two square roots of each of the following numbers, then
satisfy your answer by Demoivre's method:
(a) Z
(c) Z =-4 (1
(e)
VJ"i
=8 + 8
(b)
+ {3i)
Z = 1- 2 i -2 i2 + 2 i3
c2 < F+ i),
(4)
<1 + i> , 12< {3i-1), Fa-1>, <2-i>1
: Using Demoivre theorem, find the square roots of the number:
2 (5-3
Z=
1+2
(5)
(d)
z =2 i
z =(0 ,-4)
: If
. J 31+17 i
'V
Fo
Fi
and verify your answer by the graphical method.
=a + b i, where a , bare real numbers find values of a , b.
1-i
[4, 3)
-19+22i
(6)
-
: If
1 +2t
=c + d i, where c , dare real numbers find values of c, d.

[3, 2]
(7)
: If
. /13(1-5i)
'V
5-i
- x + y i, where x, y are real numbers find values of x, y.

[3, 2)
The Roots
3 (3 +Si)
- - - , find the square roots of Z
1-i
1 +2i
Find values of x, y which satisfy each of the equations:
4 (i-7)
(8)
:If Z
(9)
2
: (x + y i) (i-3) = S (3i-1)
(10)
: (x + yi) +
(11)
: 8 i (x + y i)2 - (1 + i) 2 (3-2i)2
[(3 + 4i)l
[2, 11
8 (1-i)
[1,41
+ lS = 0
1+i
=0
3
-,+11
2
7-4i
(12). : If
- - =a + b i, where a, b are real numbers find value of v2a-bi

2+i
212<3 + i)l
(13)
I : IfL =
1+2 i
,M
1-i
1-2 i
find the value of
1+i
vs
L +3M
(14)
ProvethatZ+sz-1 =4
:IJZ 2 =3+4i ,
(15)
I : If Z =21 + 20 i
(16)
2 1/2(1 + 3 i)l
prove that : Z
: Find the number Z
=(3 i21-
-2
1
-+ 29 Z 2 = 10
4 iS 2- S i86 + 2 i13S) 6 in the trigonometric form, then find

[2 f-1 + i)J
the square roots of Z

(17)
I : Find the number Z = ( i)
in the trigonometric form, then find the square roots
(i-1)8
[2i,-2il
ofZ
(18)
: Use
Demoivre theorem to find the square roots of

(i +1)10 (i-~ )4
Z=
[(
{3+ i)l
128 i7
the three cubic roots of Z =27 in the trigonometric and algebraic forms.
(19)
: Find
(20)
: Find the three cubic roots of Z =- 64 i in the trigonometric and algebraic forms and
represent them on the Argand diagram.
[40)
The Roots
Find the solutions of each of the following equations in the trig. and algebraic
forms, and represent them on Argand plane:
<21>
<23>
<22>
I z4
2s6
Find in the trig. form the solution of each of the equations:

(24>
(26)
(25)
I : If
2 5-32 i
=o
11 . . TT) 8 ( . TI .
(cos --ism
sin --icos -TT )6
4
4
6
6
.
(Stn
5fI
.
- - l COS
511
_,
4
)12
Find in the trigonometric form the number z 114

(27)
I : Find algebraically the values of Z =(5
(28)
I :Find in the trigonometric form the
3/l.
(9-46i)J
of
z =(1 +
(29)
(30)
: Find in the trigonometric form the
I : Ij
1+i
1-i
( {3-i>J
{2
1- i
- ,Z
1+ i
of Z == (i-1) 4/3
3
= SL
13
- 3 M , find the values of Z 2

{2 (1-i)J
Find in C, the solutions of each of the following equations:
[4 + i' 2-i
Z+26i=0
solution]
1
[1,-1,-1,21
:::
[O,
=0
- +2 l+2i=0
(1
1,-i
{fi 1
]
a complex number, Amp (Z) E ]
TT , 2
prove that:
= 0'
EXERCISE (12)
Exponential
& Operations
""'""...,..........,.,. Number
Exponential Forms
:::::
(1) :(a)
(2) ... (a) zl =
1Ci/2
:::::
Jri/4
1Ci/3
Find modulus and the principal amplitude of each of the following

complex numbers, then write each of them in the exponential form :
(3) : (a) Z 1 2
(d)
-4
(4) .:
(5) .:
exponential form :
(8) :Z= - - (9)
:::::
1Ci/6
1Ci/3
+i
cg] Exp. Forms of Co.No.

(13)
.:z = 6e7TCil3 +
(14) ... z =
[VJ (cos;
2VJ el JTCi/6
iVJesn:i/12
x VJesn:i/6
[2(cos ;
Jff es n:ill s x f f e4n:i1 s

e
2 ni/3
x 2e
. TC )'l
[3(COS 6TC + l. Slll
6 '1
Tli/2
Z1 =el + m12
= e37Cil2
, Z2
, show that each of Z 1 Z 2
[ -e ,e]
and Z 1 I Z 2 is a real number .
(18) ... Z
'Z3
=e
2)
Zi x Zj I Z~ ::: e 2
Prove that
e~ch
!..( 31Ci
_ eSTCi/4
Z
' 2 -
(17) ... lfZ1 = e47Ul3
Find
+ i sin ; )]
3em
(15) ... z = _.. .;._______

(16) .: If
+ i sin ; )]
of the following numbers in the algebraic form :
=23
(21) :Z =4e
-41lil3
..
. fC
-;r) x 4e
+ t sin
STC
(19) ... Z 2 ( cos
(20) : Z =7e
1C
(cos
sin
I ITC
(cos - 6
-31lil2
T -i
x 3e
.
l JTC
+ i sin - -)
6
TC
(cos
1Cil3
STC)
31Cil2
TC
sin
y)
Find each of the following numbers in the trig. and exponential forms :
3
14
(22) :(a) Z = 9i x e
1Ci
(23) ... (a) Z
+ i) e 5 n:il6
(24)
=2 (VJ
.:(a)Z=-2(VJ + i) eSTCi/12
(b) - 4i
x e2 rci!J
(b) 3 (i - 1) e 7 rcil 12
(b) Z
=3 (1 - VJi)
e .s 1li 16
Find each of the following numbers in the trig. and algebraic forms :
I
(25) :(a) 2i
7UIJ
(b) -Bi
em 16
Exp. Forms of Co.No.

(26) ... (a) Z =(i - f3) era
(b) Z
(27) ... (a) Z =2 (3 - f3 i) e 2 1Ci!J
(b) Z = 2{2 (1 - i) e 7 rcu 12
(28) ... If Z 1
=-2 (1 + i) e5 1Ci112
=2{3 - 2i, Z2 =3 (cos 150 + i sin 150)
Find each of Z1 Z 2
Z1 IZ2 in the trig. and exponential forms.
(29) :lfZ1 = 3{2i3, Z 2 = -1 + i, Z 3 = 2 (cos 105 i sin 105).

Find the number (Z1 x Z 2 ) I Z 3 in the trig. and exponential forms.
(30) ... If Z 1
=4(cos 75 + i sin 75), Z2 =1 + i, Z3 = f3 - i.
Find the number Z 1 I (Z2 x Z 3
(31) ... If Z 1 =3 (1- i)
, Z2 =
in the trig. and exponential forms.
~ {2 (i - VJ), , Find each of Z 1 Z2 and
Z /Z2 in the trig. and exponential forms.

(32) ... IfZ 1 =-2 +2i, Z 2 =1-_ff i, Z 3 =- f3 -i
Findthe number (Z 1
x Z 2 )!Z3 in the trig. and exponential forms.
(33) ... Z = 2 (i -1), Find in the exponential form each of

-
Z, -Z, Z,
Z1 , ( -Z )"1
21Ci/3
d
2
6
(34) :{,rl' Z = .r;,
v2 e
, Fm
each oif Z,
Z,
Z -2, in the trig. and
algebraic form.
l(35)
1: If Z = ~ ff~
3 - 21
(1 + {3i) ' 8' -
1
Z,-Z,Z,Z
(Second)
Z 2 , Z" 2 , Z 5
= 2{2
(I -
{3i)]
, find each of the following in the eponential form.
(First)
(36) ... If Z 1
(i - 1), Z 2
=1 + f f i,
Find each of (Z/Z 2 / , and
Z ~ I Z ~ in the exponential form.

-(3__7__)_: If Z 1 = 2 (cos 150 + i sin 150), Z2 = -2 - 2{3 i, Z3 = 1+ i, Find the
number Zi x Z~/ Z~ in the exponential and the algebraic forms.
[8-8{3 i]
Forms of
:::
{2) .:
41'
Find in the exponential form each of the following :

(4) : The
Z
2VJ
00
(8)
(9)
...
.
..
...
..
:::
G6]
Properties of Cubic Roots of One

1
(14).
1-ro + 3 ro2
1
4+3ro+2ro2
= 1
5+3ro+4ro2
1
-----)
(5 + ro) (
(16).
(15).
(18)
ro
1+2ro2
1
(19). : (
1+2 ro
1
(20). : (
1+2ro2
1
---)2
1+3ro2
<24>
: (
I :<
3
27
49
48
l-6-9
=-
(3+5ro+3ef) 3n + (3+3ro+5effn
(b)
5- 3ro2
2 -7 ro
5ro-3
2ro2-7
+
4+ m+2ro2
4+2ro+ ro2
+
4+3ro+2ro2
1
(26). : Prove that:-2 (1-
)8
8-5 ro2
2ro2+7ro+3
(25).
)4 = 9
5-8ro
3 ro2 + 2 m+ 7
= 23n+1
)3n = 1
5+m+3ro2
(23)
=-
(a)
3+5ro+ro2
1
3
1
2
-1--2-<0_+_2-oil- )
I :< 1+2ro-2ro2
(22).
1+3ro4
<21>
3+2ro-2ro2
_ro2
_ _ )2
1+2 ro
+ (
)2
3-2ro+ 2ro2
: (
=4
3ro+2ro2
5+4ro+3ro2
(17).
1+3ro-ro2
4+2ro+3ro2
=81
=
{3i> is one of the roots of the equation
4 z 15 +3z 16 +3z 17-1=0
3
(27). : Form the quadratic equation whose roots are : (1 + ro-ef ) , (1- ro +
(28)
: Factorize x3 + y3 into 3 factors in terms of ro.
(29)
: Prove that
: 1 + of + cJn
=0 or 3 , where n E
ro2 )3
2
[x + 16 x + 64 = OJ
N.
Miscellaneous Problems
on the Complex Numbers
EXERCISE (14)
(1)
(2)
<3>
: Prove that: (mi+

: Prove that :
:If x +y i =
m2 i + 1)4 (1 + - )3 =4
(I)
(1 + w2 )2
(1 + OJ fl.
(1 + i )4
3+i
::::
(1- i )4
11+m -
1+ i
1
4
'\h + m2i2
find values of x and y

(4)
[ 3,-1]
I : Prove that the roots of the equation:

z2-
(5)
: Use
(2-i) Z-i =0
: If
m2 i)
Demoivre theorem to prove that:
( {3+ 012
(6)
(1 +mi), (1 +
are
+ ( {3=-012
= 213
(1-i )18
(1 + i )12
{ii
i+ 1 )9
+
(
{ii
i+ 1 )6
use Demoivre' s theorem to find each of Z and
"{Z"" in the trigonometric form.

[ {2<cos 135 + i sin 135 "), 4 -{i<cos 67.5 + i sin 67.5)]
(7)
I :If
= 2
VJ i), find each of Z and 1 + Z in the trigonometric form then prove
(1 +
that (1 + Z)B =81
z4 .
1
(8)
If the number Z =2 m. Find in the trigonometric form each of Z , -Z , Z , z

and the square roots of Z
(9)
I : Prove that :
(a)
(b)
(10)
I : Prove that:
Y1 + m2
nTT
3
..
(1 + ef )n =(cos -- + z sm
TT
(1 +cos 1T + i sin - ) 6 =-27

3
nIT
3 ), wheren E z+
=,
(11).
that:
1
number:
(12).
6, OJ
set
(13).
+
1
1
- (ef-1)]
2
=cos 8
sin 8 e
is a + ve integer
n
cos
+ (1-
m-2i]
DETERMINANTS ))
EXERCISE (15)
(1)
Evaluating the Determinant

By the Defination
I : Evaluate each of the following detenninants by the definition:

3
-3
-3
-2
-8
(b)
(a)
(d)
(g)
(2)
3
5
(h)
n+l
(f)
-6
-5
-9
-7
(k)
2a+3
-1
-9
-2
17
-2
1
(c)
-co
2a-3
-3
[1. I 4a2 I
I : Prove that:
(a)
sin 9
cos 9
-cos0
sin 0
cos9
(b)
:If
=3
sec 0
Tan 9
Tan 9
sec 0
sin 9
2sin0
2cos9
(b)
n-1
(5)
(c)
I : Evaluate each of the following detenninants by the definition:

n
(4)
(e)
(a)
(3)
, evaluate
Sd
c+d
Sb
a+b
w21
[15]
I :Evaluate each of the following by the definition:

(a)
(b)
-3
-2
-7
-5
[40, 100]
50
(6)
i
II
Determinants
: Evaluate each of the following by the definition:
-1
-2
-5
(a)
(b)
E-58, 56]
(7)
(a)
: . If 1, w ,-and w2 are the.cubic roots of unity, i2-= -1, prove that:
(1)
(1)2
(1)2
(1)
(1)
(1)2
=0
1-i
-i
-1
1+i
(b)
Solve each of the following equations:

x2
2x-1
0
(8)
II
(9)
x+2
x2
-3
=0
2
1
-x
=0
(10).
f-2,1]
-x2
x2
[0 ,-1]
[-3, 2]
<11)
(12)
x-1
x+l
-1
x-2
=0
=0
[1,-1, 2]
I :Prove that:
cos A
-sin A
sin A cos B
cos A cos B
-sinB
sin A sin B
cos A sin B
cosB
=1
'
I EXERCISE (16) I
[!!)
Properties of the Determinants
Evaluate each of the following determinants by using the suitable property:

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
11
12
13
-1
-2
-3
14
15
16
17
18
19
-1
11
12
14
-1
12
13
17
-1
-1
13
14
20
-5
-2
13
-7
-5
11
-11
-2
15
-17
-32
-3
-7
16
25
81
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
[20, 7J
[0, OJ
[O, OJ
[30, OJ
[O, OJ
[8, 20J
: Write each of the following determinants as a sum of two determinants, the

value of one of them equals zero.
(a)
-3
(b)
2L + 1
2m-5
2n+ 3
f s2 I
Pro2erties Of Determinants
Use the properties of the_ determinants (without evaluating any) to prove each of
the following:
@I
I
(10>
lI
<11
<al
asi I
111
<1
(l5l
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
11
10
-4
18
-2
12
-4
11
-1
24
a-2d
b-5d
o-Sd
sec2A
Tan2 A
sec2B
Tan2 B
sec2c
Tan2 c
2a
3c
b+3c
2a+3c
2a+b
a-b
3a
b-Sa
b-c
3b
c-Sb
c-a
3c
a-Sc
=0
a+x
b+x
c+x
a2
ab
ac
a2
b2
c2
ad
bd
cd
(b)
=0
(b)
=0
:::: 0
2+i
2i + 1
3-2i
3i-2
4-7i
4i-7
-3
(b)
(b)
(1)4
(1)8
(1)8
(1)3
(1)4
(1)4
(1)8
(1)6
x.2
y2
x+y
x3
y3
x2+ xy+ y2
:::: 0
=0
=0
=0
=0
I s3 i
Properties Of Determinants
(16).
(17).
(18).
(19).
(20).
55
58
48
55
58
79
19
83
43
-24
37
12
19
22
12
19
22
-1
-7
-9
a+l
b+l
c+l
48
(22).
(23).
.5
(J)2
(J)2.3
1
- (J)4
-w i
- (J)2
(J)
-a
-b
-d
be
ca
ba
be
c2
b2
-1
-3
-7
If
(21).
(24)
c2
ca
a2
b2
a2
ab
=0
-2
-7
-4
a-1
b-1
=2 a
c-1
1
.3
I
CJJ5
(J) i2
-i
(J)2 i6
CJJ4
= 7, then
=0
3X
3Y
3Z
X+2L
Y+2M
Z+2N
50-L
5H-M
5:I<;-N
=0
= a be
a2
b2
c2
.b
=210
=0
...,.,,..:
-.: ....
~--
. :12s)
,':_;, .
cos a-sin a
cos a+ sin a
cos b-sin b
cos b +sin b
cos c-sin c
cos c +sin c
a+ bx
bx-a
c+ dx
dx-c
.o;
,.l'
h+kx
kx-h
a+b
cos a
sin a
cos b
sin b
cos c
sin c
b +c
c+a
b+c
c+a
a+b
c+a
a+b
b+c
b+c
c+a
a+b
,.
, ....
...
=2
= 2x
'
'.;,.
(27).
<28> I
(29).
yz
xy
xz
y2
<Jo> I
=2
=2
= (x + y)
yz
xy
a2
b2
Use the properties of the determinants to simplify each of the following

determinants, then find its value:
19
67
21
13
39
14
24
81
26 .
22
26
22
27
31
25
46
64
63
18
40
89
40
89
198
89
198
440
[43]
[84]
f-1]
(34)
(35)
(36)
: Solve the equation:

x
2x+ 1
2x + 1
2x+ 1
3x-1
4x
3x-1
4x
6x-1
~]
=0
[O,
=0
[{O, 1,-1}]
: Find the solution set of the equation:

3x+ 6
x+B
Sx + 4
Sx+ 3
3x + 1
x+S
6x+ 3
Bx+ 1
4x+ 5
: Solve the equation:

2 sine
1
-1
=0 /where 0 .$_ e .$_ 180
2 sine
-1
-1
2 sine
[30 ,150 ,0 ]
(37)
(38)
(39)
: Find the value of k such that x is a factor of the determinant:

3
x+3
-1
k+x.
[13]
: Find the value of k such that (x-2) is a factor of the determinant:
: If
a
b
(40)
x-3
x+3
k-4
k-2x
k+l
c
d
= 27
, prove that
[Oor-6]
a+b
c+d
a-b
c-d
2a
2c
= 54
: Prove that the coordinate equation of the st. line which passes through the two
points A (x1, y 1), B (x11 Yi) is:
1
x
y
1
Yl
Y2
= 0
By the aid of the determinants properties, prove each of the following:
(41).
(42).
(43).
(44).
(45).
(46)
"'
l+L
l+M
1 +N
x2
x2
x2
b-d
b-c
b-d
b-c
-d
b-c
be
ca
=(a+ 2c) (a-c)2
= (x3-1)2
d) (2c-b)
+c
(b-c) (c-
be
a2
b2
11
b)
iI
ab
ab
= L+M+N+l
= (a-b) (b-c) (c-a) (a+ b + c)
c2
= (x-a) (*"b) (x+a+b)
= (a-b) (c-b) (a-c) (ab + be + ca)

ca
ab
I
2a
2b
(a
b + c) 3
(5o)
(51)
II
(52).
(53)
-y
x-y
-y
x-y
x-y
-y
a+l
b+l
c+l
c+3
a+3
a+c
a+c
x2+1
xy
xz
xy
y2+1
yz
xz
yz
z 2 +1
:If
(55).
(56).
(57)
= 4 (a-c) (a-b + c)
= x2 + y2 + z2 + 1
a2
a 3-1
b2
b 3-1
c2
c3-1
1
(54).
= 2 (y3- x3)
> sinx
sinx
cos x
cos x
a3
b3
c3
= 0 and a ;e b ;e c prove that abc = 1
= (a+ b + c)
a2
(a + 1)2
(a+ 2) 2
b2
(b + 1)2
(b + 2)2
c2
(c + 1)2
(c + 2) 2
x3-a3
x2
b3-a3
b2
c3-a3
c2
= 2 sin x cos x
a2
b2
c2
= 4(a-b)(b-c)(a-c)
= (b-x) (c-x) (c-b) (a 3-bcx)
EXERCISE (17)
Solution of Linear Equations in Three

Unknowns Using Cramer's Rule
Using Cramer's method find the solution set of rnch of the following systems of
equations:
(1)
: 3x + y =3
(2)
: 2x +Sy= 13
(3)
x-3y
'
=11
[2, -3)
3x-y =-6
[-1, 3)
: 7x-3y= 17 '
x-Sy = 7
[2,-1)
(4)
:3x-4y = 5
'
2x-Sy = 1
[3, 1)
(5)
:7x-3y=15
'
(6)
;7x-2y+z=5
(7)
.: x-y-z
(8)
: 3x + y-2z =-3 , 2x + 7y + 3z
(9)
:2x + y +z =0 , x-y + Sz
(10)
: 3x + 2z =0
=0
'
Sx + 2y
'
'
= 19
6x + 3y-5z = 2, Sx + 7y-9z
[3, 2)
=1
3x-4y-2z =-1, 8x-11y + 3z = 5
= 9 , 4x- 3y- z = 7
=0, y-z =4
[1, 2, 2)
[3, 2, 1)
[2,-1,4)
[-4, 6, 2)
, 4 x + 3y =5, Sy-z =-2

[2,-1,-3)
THE FULL
SOLUTIONS
OF
ALGEBRA
59
A.L\LGEBRA
60
@ ~f. b,
("'1+2
:. ('Tl+ZJ (71+/)
+ 2.(n+i.J =210
~ '71'l+5'1'1-21J"t::::o :.(n-12.){?'J+li'):o .,?J:::/1.
@~ ~
l2! .-.3'(?1-fJ +s11 =208
" 3n1.-rz:n-zo3:::o :.('1'1-'iJ){Jn+Z&J=o :.11=8

L.H.s. = l:!! +<-n-Ol2/.:::J:!!(l+n-/}::-nL.:!2,
~.}l.S.::: ('n+I) 1.$1- C!!:::: L:!1 (n+l-IJ -n~
w
'2.J
(""-"+Ox
""b
?t
'r-1 :(-11-1'"+1) X L::!.
:(n-'f"+/)X L!t.
- "'" /#1--Y-t,I
(?1-Y-+l)f.k;r" - ,,,,,
'
'11 X fl,.,~
'f"-1
J.!!;;!,
_ J:!! _ no
1:!1--t"-t' - ~ -
::: '>1
'r
~-H.J. :::(/X3X5X ;c.f,,Xf'IJl((2XZXZX-X21'1JX

(IJ<'LX3X Xit'IXSIJ)
::; (!X3X 5;< .. X'l1X'i'IJX(Z.Xl.tX6J<

:::: ll?.J(3Xlo<5~1. X. )!
61
EXERCISE ( 2 )
5"'3 :::: ,-x'1x3 = 60
<O
5'11 + 54 + 5fs- =60+ /21J +120 =300

5
(li/J 5P,+ 'Pz. + p1 =5+11l + 60 =BS
(/vJ Jic.. .11Md &4jlf .tA a tJR It d ~ .. ~..._J.
(fl)
=+fz.+ 41'2 + "Pz =lz.+12 +12 =3'
cvJ Iii~ -n~ki

4t6..
~4-d
iJ XJ xi
= "I '3
e~ti
t:itft;;,
=z '-!
"(
a!cj/fi eJ441
4 .. ~ ~Jv...
@'Yl(tl-f}{'11-Z}("'1- 3)X
.lfX3X2.X/
3 X 2...X I
:
('11-2)(?1-])("1-f)
J_
2
. .,,i._ n = L ... .,,i._,, =1~11-5( -'

'2 Htn-tr) ..2'
,,,,i._,~71 +5'6 = o .. (-n - 7)(11-8):0 :. 7'1=7 oH 8
62
ff-i\ nc..,,-IX"'-1.)(4'1-JJ ,,,,_,)(.,,,-1.J(?t-3) _,, f'n-IKn ~l.l/.J. = I:!!.
\(!_) .l.(X'JXUI
+ JXUI
-TX-z:xr- ~
1n-T" L!.
riMtik.. l.Jd
{;n-/}t'Jt-1.) "1f'11-JJ+
3.X"l.K I
.If
=/I
11-3
=.,., I!?=! l!!::r::! IL.
2,21c t
..11':._371..+lfn-12=44 :.n1:rn-S,:.o .-.. n=7
(.;;\ tiJ lf-1-t./
V:V
=2
ciiJ
f
- 3
2.3-f+/ - 5
2.
(iii) ( /~~ + 1{ ) ..:. 1-l

?
fl
"'
.L
.,
= 13Gl
l3c11
=3
=I+-;- =!+3
13t:_..:;.L
'3cs
IL
<n-Y)t'll-Y'-1
13-1+1
I ?7-/
='11-r"
...!!_ = R. H. S.
I 11-1
2
=27-1'1
+1=.!I+j=:1_j
8
+ J.
"11
=l+-
l11::r=! u:
"
L.fl.S.::: J.x+I
i~Mil
= P:.+0
'JPl=LL:~I ?-I
.x ~ L!.=1.
~
- ;;c. ..Lf -
II
-~-/\IT
.. zx.+f : VCC .: .,'1 :. 2x+I =J.:.</!J:"1x.+7,
'J
'I-I
'J
7
: Ye
= ~
.-. 'J=x+x-1 "- Y= 2.X- I
::x:.
x-1
T
=.J..5 :. Y+2.
11.-T" =.!. .~ '/'l'+IB=IO..Sr
5
. )" =3
~ 13-(r"+iJ+I
~
Y'+2.
/If t"=~2.
h1\l1(2.11+/J;/11+/ : I'll ... -:;;'11+Z = "if"

II . l/n: 'ln+/8
1.:.J
:.zn=IS .. n='f
@ : "'c1 = "c
-~ '~;t"-tf =f12
@Git~
:.
11 = 3 +IZ. =IS :.
1
1
{,..: [
=3:J
.-.3(':/t-"1' ~=-4
.. 'l(tx-O=l'tx.+7 .:4x:l6 ..:x.:4:.yJ-1=7
L.l./.J.:
=1+ ..!l=
r+1
I+~
'"c,...
= t'+I +
fi7'I L. H.S. -
n-tT"+J)+I
r+I
11-1' = .!!L
r-+I
' ..!!1.
= J. . . .J1.::l:1
'I
3
3
I.!!
- 1n-r U:.
\:::::!)
=J+
= R. fl. .5. ,
>'-+I
7 : n +I= 2. / 11=2..0
l.?!.
+ l"-r-1 L""+t
1'= 31'-5~11.R
Lt!.
I.!!
r+JY'-5""= 1 :.f':J -- cn-rJ L.,,_,,_,
u:
+
111-r-1 x<Y'+tJU:::..
.-. "'c.3 : 11'f'2.c =8' : 3 ,;., 1!::J.::J:L
= ..l :. ?'? =- 1~
3
3
_
l?!
( I
I )L!!
T'+l+n->'
- l.!!-,....-:.1 Lr. --;;=;; + ;:+/ -1n-r-1iz "cn-r>cr+IJ
1
> 1 .. 11-:+ >I.-. TJ-8>1 n'>l7 - ( '7t +I) w.
- 11!!
- (n-YJl 1'-1'-I XfT"+IJl:. - l?!,::l: L!l =I?. Jl.S.
~""cs x "'c, . ._ 1 .. n-8+1 x n-6+1 ~
 L.
H.S. =("c + "c ) + ("c. + ""c
)
7 1
n+I
r
1'-1
'7'-1
Y-z.
V""C.., "'Cs ?
8
'
= 4:::'1' + n+f_.,.._, ::: 11+z.c,..... = /?. H s.
@=;:
.. ('1-7)('11-5) ~ 4 8 L.4.117.-/211-/] ~ 0 .4C

(71-13)("11+-I) )po . n+l>o .-. n-t3~o :.n~ 13
@ .
1..- 8.
:.ZJ.ltlf..tu. ~ ~-I
J
.-.
.1 > 3 X g
~..x: -
If/.
(ii)
C.r+I
lfc.
.c i!.
C.:K.-1
_ 7
-
. 18-tT'+ZJ+I _ 12
Ti . .
Y+2.
r+z
.:12r+2..l.J=ll9-7r :./fl':'/S ..Y'=S
t > 3X e-:+I :. :Jc> 27-3.:r. :. i(X >Z.7

:. :tr. >'f :.7.iL A-taliut v.Au. "t .x .U> 7
''' \+~,+ f~+ f,+-t~+"C_,..+ ~6='4
@ "'=r"+Y'+I
@<a.> 52c 2 :t32G tb)/~11 =~"1

(CJ ~3 x ~2..:3,-x10 =350
. n=zY'+I. UJ ,n-r.tl=L
r
'
.
21"+1-1"+1-.Z
. 1"+2 -.L .. 7"-"""+1.
"r
- 6 .. --:;- - '
'-o, ......
.".'(":12.JF-a.- (IJ .:. T1=i.1t+I -2.5
~
~
11-t,.+ll+I _ 3
r+I
n-(Y-/)t/
Y'-/
'1
='11
4~. 2'1-SY- 3 ...... (I)_,
= ..f .i.e.. 71-SY'=-& l'Z>,M.(2)-(lj
I
F-z~(I} .-.y
=3
r.:D\~
=.A
.. n-r.,.+O+l=J.
:.2.n-51'=3--W_,
~
t.
Y+I
2
'rt:.i = 1: .. ?1-(r-12)-t;l=.i. .. 3n-71'=11 -CV
'"Cr.+/
~.
F4_,
3
r+2.
(l}hfj 3, (2)
2
(I)
11:::311.
"1
'1
"-d ~ta.er.:>'= 13,
.r.+ + '~ + "C, = 15"+ '+I= .22
tiiJ
:::1365"
{d)~~ X~ X '\X \_ =2.'iJX15'"XbX1 :2S"l.O

1
62\,4) t:1SS0'1
"'
CbJIZcs=1'2 (C.)"c=~= 56:
<JJ ' \ + ~,.. =8-48 <..t.)
"'- B.
5 3
1x
~,. = <11,0
@a> ~4'=~=35
CC.)\=\=''
<bj ~ :10
<JJ ~~+ ~x ~, =15+i<> =35
@c4J 'ezx t-a =Sito cbJ ISC4_ ~+ :.111s-12'=t23'I

{J!)
/~~- ~It
::: 13,)-1$
=135"0
(4)
@raJ
~ = //) ( b)
SS= /()
~+ :Zto ch> \
.,,~
4i;_::: 6
(t;,)
:. .Lx ;;;}=-
=8'1 cc;
..fY=I
t~ = 1.zt,
(4)
\-t "tc't
X\
@n,.. 1"+1 +r-3
= 2.Y-2. '"'Pr:'-= Lt:..

Lt:.. =121> = ~ ... Y:6 .. 111=/'2-2 C/()
@ J2n+/
l'f..f."t.
.-. 1(?1+2
/(1_
- L,5
'1::2 - ...,
1.!!::f l!!::i:!. -1.

U?!
:.r:.J ... n~=8 fz.
'2.
I 1'1-/ :.!,%n+Ol!!! l!1:t!:l,

('11+2)(1'1+1 U!'
=3n+4' :.n '1
@8J~ 4&.liu6~;
= 8' ?1=/D
IS.
11"+1
= 5t>l(O :1.1.. .. 'f"+I= 7 ..Y=6,
('1+/J-f".+f _ 2.
-3
?J--4 --1 ... ,,,-r-1.tn=B

--r3
ISE ( 3)
fa\"'+"&=16X'1A'I= " 1 ..n1+'11=/t> ..... (I),

\!_)
.,c :::35 . "J; :L1..x35 =7X6.K5"= ~ ..n=7,
3
71
7..
i.
F4""" (I) m::: 3 .. ~-~
<::+ = 1J 35
"'t:._
-i. -
I
Lr..=,,..._
:.frtr-l=-1..!"::1
,,
F-t"" fl), {2.) m = 3 1 ?I =2.
=6+16+ 6=28
!41.U.Utl~:
'fl':.
':Jl>-2. --
Ji =13XIZ. = 1 :. 3?12??::/3 UJ,

2.'""-"fa= ~xt; =.lfX1 =.IfJi:. 27'1-77:.J, - C2J
'tc3 K
= ~2 x -f'c, + ~, ;c 4-c,. :=76 <dJ=c+b=7t>+llt

@<2.f"'*' Jk.JY,it f'-2"'J4A(3f-1,3J-iz~)
DK ('t fr.-lf!, 2 ( ' - z'"'J
:: iftzX """'t-+
'"c.,,._ 1
f17:\3 Wl+z-n
1'1
(b)
,,D
=-~ "~ ..L
.-.. :11(?1-/}(?1-Z)=/hl('ll-/)..1'/-2.
@ x ~ 1 x 1c 3 =13.lt't()
''3 = ""'
~3+ "C:? =
@{/;) (2111UM
t/.at:4J o~(1""""' ,2 (q.Jdo)
2c. 1
~r
63
64
~+ 7$+ f + 71,
0-2Yi'l= 1j - 7i -r 7j -7.i + ~ -'f + '?
.~(l-+Z.Y2J 1-0-2ff}~::2(1i+ ~ -+,7<)
=2['C/at'f")+- ''i ('Zf'i) 3.+
(tYfJS']
= 2 ( 12 Yi .+32ot"i-r UB Yi)=Uoo '2
@(1+2ff)l:7j+ 7;+1j+
t;.
@=r .1t-<3-:x>f=Cl+:icJ5:1+ ~x+

~ Jl+ t~ +
1
1
t "'.+ +.xs-= 1+s..x+1":xz+11xx +s:x.+,!
3
'e)=(l+o.o3J-(/-fJt>oJ)
@ : (1+1.02)II::: !+lt>(40Z.)+4S(0.02J+l2t1((J.02)+-~
'
':2(f+7.i;-+
Z.
=l+t +0.011 +o. oooft + =L.21nif:::::1.21'1
f.i2\
~=(/-0.d/)
3
=1-7(tJ.ol)+2/(o.olJ-3S(4oO+
'2
r::z.6 (O.oo3) +za(6.ooJ)!,. .. )=2(t1.018+1.o.,...S<t)
=o. 036
=J-d- o 7+" 002 / -""""" 3S+ :1.11zo6'.i:::1J.'f32

0
t:;\
"t:'..)(2.,-3)
5'
+'+72o;;t. 'J-llJ60.;cJ
'13
=n:x-21/tJ-"
32
+S/IJx'/+_,,,s . ..
.-.fUtfx
@o+,,./= ''i+~1.:w.+\x-z.+1t,:ic~+~.;c .. .. <IJ

.,.,.t..
... <1J,c1.f1f::(z-o.03/ ciJ .,,,.,:J<.=i.
=I,!=""',;,.. co ... u. 917= 3Z -z-tf>(o-ol)
=4;. ,e,.,. ,, , c,.Jt... , -11. '6

#. <IJ " C.+c,+c+ -+'a =<1+0'.2'!:2:51
Co
(ii)pJX=-J;,..(I) :. 0-'1+C.z-C3+ -<)=U-IJB..6
+ 120(o.ol)"l:../4JJl(OO/)~ =32 -21/ +t>-o1Z-d.OOldJ ciiiJ ,_I.x::z .i-CIJ .... Co +zc, +4Cz+ fc 3+. -+c,xl 3g
+ .. 2f.61412 = 2f.67/
fu;;\
'tV /;.
'l
12
1
., "1
~..x + ~..'X-+. + :x =2181 :.(l+:;ic): 3
.-.l+:ic-=3
..:;it:Z
EXERCISE ( 4)
65
(i)Ctttf ti"T;, =\
~.
{;\..-.
\!!!_) T""" """"
(JJ
3( f
)1"
=!f1
u 4
". 75-: 13C.1/- -;;
)( : )1: 7:.5
14
2.
;)I!.
(i)<llJ 77= 1\(-.:aci"='IZ~.x'
4'1L 75, 76 ~
~= ~ (fi.x)S- =5o4>'i:x!l'
(6J ne../iuo .,.,Ud. ~
7j-=-
'"+ rra x/'=
fa.J
'$64:X. ~
f = /~ (_! /(xJS::. 80 t 4
(/,) ?.l&. /i#to -.itl. ~
4/U...
16 =/.f-7( ~ l( ~/'=21./tj.x ",

7f = 'st:.8
fo\
\!_)(Q)
(.;;
?i ) r,, -k.....
J' cf l =1l/36s ::x ~
Lt
44
75.": I'.,+
<!'It (-z} (UJ ::: 7() ,)(. !/
tbJ 7.l.f. 4-o
.-.id a...._
aAA.
Ji 1 T,
"fi = ''c.,.t,k J5(tfX) 6 =4/Z ffx ,
,,.,.~
7 ="c,(-;/rxJ'<YfX) s-:4/2x~ = 1~
16C6 (-/) ' (3.x.)::
1.ftA/1XIZXllXl()X'I
2i_ =
1~ty('3Jl(xl)
7i(
6X~XftX3X1XI
8X"1X6X5X4X3XU I
:/
/lxlS;t.14XBJf.f2-Xll.XloX1 =Jo
..?i = l~"@tJ5f
1i )'J ( /1
~
ZJr.
ldt;. (
3
10
31
' w4 ~- 3
-
x9xt1x?x6 x 11 x.Ji!.
I.A
loxf x 8 ('lfl
@~+a."
5"60 . 35
5'60
= 160
U
1::
@ac.e,< 3~ >"< 3:r) 4 =/1f2fJ . 10 xll,x4:171926
:. x =16
: .:r =
.t: 2.
- .!!.
. . . . (I)
3
'!!.t!!=1l
:x.2. -2KI
'
46
T
....
:x. = _..t. ... ('3) .s-1,.f. ~

3?1
!: ..
(2.)
(2)
571-5' = ;,n .. n=-5',
=-ff=--\' 74 = ~<-tl=-:;
=z.sx'.. nfn-tJ=8X1:."'I{= 11~
'ilc x."=.1120 .-.;x't,,.._/6. :.
11
~..t
:x:.z.
..?f'I= ,:_,, ... (/)

'Wl?.:X.1. = 3 ::xz. n Cn-1/x-'- =.,t
iliO
2.
//,7/7
/40
-'WIX)=-
:. 2sn
F <?"""' W . ,.,, .: -f;o
:. '17)1:.f;
-z.J=24-n .-.
.,,,= z.5,,
66
67
,f.11.
s. = 2. x .!..!.
:: J_
"'+I
??+I
68
69
...
{/),
. .. ( Z.}
_ 3= c (-/} f ..
(j) .,';/-/J
':t
71
?1
=';; .. 71 =3+7
= //),
T.:
'"
"'. .
"fY+ 2 + Tr+ 1 -2 Ty =o ,~.wr~ ~ r+ I
+ 2 + 1 - 2 _Ii:_ =o :. 71-fr+l)+/(-x}+ J 77-+ I

77-+J
Y+I
2. y
( _L) : 0 it.. .!:::=!! ( X) + 1-J.L ( _/_ ) 11-r+J _,.
r+1
.,,_.,,_ 1 "' - o,
. ~=I , ?1 =/a .. !:::!!!.
+
1-l:L
o , ..;.Jr. -:l
J.~
'Y'+I
r-11
(1'+-1)( r-11) .-. (Y-16)('1'-tlJ+ ("1'+ 0(1"-11) -2r(r+1J=o

~
.. r-217'+1/b +r-JdT-ll-2r-zr=o
.-. - 33Y+'lf = o -' 33 1"=. 'f'1 . Y-::3
EXERCISE ( 7)
70
.ia /JZ.tt..t?f x
. . "1"'=!6k>'k .,;~..."_,,,,._~ ci!/:1oli-~+~ra.i'=1tn'70+fw =lfY/i
2
.. n +'Y1-Mn-16 =o :.n2-1~n-l6=0
<i17J= 4+;%+3"-:r3_.t13'i +4-i."L.=7-3-'-t=o
.: M-16)(-n+tl = o .. n =16 .-. n+1=16+1 = 17
0
. ~ UutJ 17Ur/. ~ 4/U. 7i, 7io ~ Co. T/1J
(iJ:::.-f;:..Jfi.7::..,f'+12i.-~-c.7.=l.t+/2.f.
+4=8+tz..i
QI. r,
.: 1i:,
: l?-11X2X z =4 .. (6.71 _I
'I
T
4s7/o - i ;
!iiJ:2S+4o.i.+ I& <?..+2S-4t>.l+ 16 i."1..

= "So-16 -16 = 18
<iiiJ=t'J-z2-i-8.i7:..20+2 3i+ 2.1.i..'= 71- 4t+i.= 3t1+.i
(.:;\
l.J~
l. 2
'J'
'2
\V<iJ=(l-4t' ~ +~(l+-<J
::::U-+J./J+(z.-1. =2~
<ii) :(3+ 3-<-1.t)(2.+ 4(.+/) =(3-lf-t.)(3-Mi)
:. 'l-16<.' 1 = ?+16 =z.S

3
8 <D=[(!+-ilJ- [( 1--<J'J =(2iJ -(-uJ
=8..J.3+s"'3 =-'8.i-"il.i. -=--Mi
cli)=< 4+12.1.. +<t;.-z Jc5"-12.-'J-CJ1-1z-i.+ r-l)cs+12.iJ

: (-5+/2A.J(5"-1Zt)-(-5-12<)(5"-+ 12.-i)
=-(2 5'-12.o..t' +1.lfl.ti..,_)+ ( zs+ 1u-t'+ 1441.' 2 J=2.lf<J.i
(f)<iJ:(S"+ 12i)+2 V(5"+l2-i)(S-/2.i) +(5"-12.l)

::: ltJ+z.
36
=/ti+ 2Xl3:::::
+ ((3-ff.ilj2
oi) =ll.3
= ('1+6"2-t.'+2--i 2 )z. + (?- (fi_,.2 .t1fl..=(1-+{.fi~) 1
(71- (ff.t/z.=.l/9-n + Zl(Vf<'+lff-?2-'44~ -<":-46
.=(-;'.c.
=:(l+i.)2(1+.i.)
(D(JJ:. t+-i+.i.,.+.i 3 =1+.i-t--1. =o

(iiJ:6.t' 3+5XI +-'!<. +1-i~2-i
=-'"'-.+'5+t,.i.-3+2": = 2.
ciiiJ: ~ + 3;4' + 5.jJt + ?lJt_.(.3+3i+s-i~':l./.
.(.
4' 3
= -< +3"--~-< +
<.'
1~
.(3 -.
ciiJ= 3+3.fh +3[~-l "'+3[~.i'!,_3.t1,.r~
{.;\
+3 =3-3.i-3+3.i +3 =3
.-3
="'. +-1.t ,'2.+. .(..3.,-3.,
+ .( ....,.
"t
=-<. -
-<+.c. "'"
=.t'-t--<'+..t.'-!--t.'
.-2.
-l
.-2
+"'-
.-/
<.
J1
"j(-t.
.-I
+"- ){.(.
-2
<)<iJ:::.28-35.i+J'ti.-6-IS+l().f. 7-11.i..
2
<iiJ = 1.i. -14 -i-i.-IS-t. +6i. =8 .i.+t't-15.e'-6=8-f.c.'
<iii): IS-3i +11>i +1si7:..1" = 15'-3..i+lo.i.-l~-1-i.=D
0 .
2.
c11:12-~-c
= a.<.u+,,_'J
(-<-I)
JI./::: Jla.-<-0
r, 'J"t.
'2.
'1.
=81(-2<) :3JXJt.i.:::-321t
@:z:\: 1-{<' +<2= 1-t< :. -:z3=(3-i)(8-(i)::.11-2,i

. L.11.s.:::: l8-26.i.-56+it2-i +"tB-164.'-ttJ=O
.2.
'1.
I+ 4-t +4..f. =-3++.t, 4i. :4+4-i+-t=3+4<.~
\2.)
= 4-<
[:;'\
.3
.'2.
.3
.
. I
\!::.){I)= 3-5'- +z< +3< =3+5<.-2-1-<= +u.
=3+3.i3+3.i:l.+3.i.
=(I+"-. ) 3
=2"--2
66
3
cii):::(.1(-i.-'il"x.i 81;+-i. +3F x.c.''"l''=(4<'-i-3)"
EXERCISE ( 8)
.3 3
.'2
-4 -5.1. +2.L )
(I)
:12+s=''l
:2+5i+2.4.1..: 5.i.. So;
=$ i (8 .i J=.1to-i
1
:-
'?
(Z,+Z~)(2t~a
~e. =R. ff .s.
1.
+~ )
)(8.( -5"-<) ::: 'f.<: +f.(1-='l<-<--IJ
71
-I..
N.S. =U+-t. /
[O+.ii'l.] =('2. h ~-/o24

16
@ci>
13 'l-4-i?.= {3+zi.J(3-2.i.J
(iiJB'I: 64-1S.i.i.=(8+S-i)(8-Si)
<iii) 111 =81-3,i 2: (9+6.i)( '1-6<)

vv1 1..1 +16,,,,7..= L 2- ,,'111,,_;.1;(L+ "'""" HL-4,,,,i. J
@ (i J :z, .+ z, :::.3+2.< + 1-2.i = 6 7f'

ciiJ :z,:z, =(3+zJ (3-2 .i.J ='I- ~i""=t37e
<iiiJ ;z;+z,. ="'t+~'i =4-si ,z,+z'l.=3-2,+1-Ji.
=J./-5-i ... z:, +:i;. :z,+:za.
vvJ :z,:zz :(3+z.i.)(1+3i) =-3+11.i. :.z,z..,,:-3-11..i.,
z,7z =(3-e-i Xl-3-t. J =-3-11"'. .. z,z.,_ = xz1
7
- )'l. =(3 - 2. "')'-= 9-12-t. +.It<'l. = 5"-12"- '

( .y 'J (::z,
'2.
1.
/'__ ,J
'l. llr'
Zj ::(3+2-<} :=5"+J2...( '.<v'l:Jvl, 'Z/ =J-/2.A.

t"1i;\ ( iJ
~
.c.
'1
ciiJ(2+-<r
, ,
<iiJ.J.:t#
x
=--.
x~
2+-c. 2.-.C.
X 1--t. -
ltH.
"
=I s-~,- 2 =. 2 -5<',
S"+_ 2.<. xi..
3+/
l+.t
1p(34'-<2)::
f-<,,_
'3-( -
I-~
1-<
=..!.::.:!:
=1....-..L.i.
5
5 5
/6{/+30:./+3.
IO
'-
~it+<'
= B + zi
2.
=Zf-Zf.t'
=/-<
~+2.<"
2.f
f,;;:'\(iJ 3-1i. X +2<
'el
,._'Z-<
,,1, i.Y'3+3fi-i x l'f+rz" 5r&-": =sa-"::,ff.1.'

tl-fl..c.'
l""J'+f{:( 3-2-4.' 2
5'
2
t;:;;\ti J '2.+7<-'-+_3i 1 1.!: (-1+7-iX~+z-iJ=-1s+ri
\t!)
1-2-t
1+2.(
1-4.f."-s=-3 + ..t'
<i1) 3i-3-4i2.+4<. - 1+7.( X-J-.ltt' _ '2S-?.5.f..
l+.lfl+lfJ.i. --3+f-< -'3-lf<- ZS'
= 1-<"
@ <iJ 1+.1tt"-1+1.f.. =-2+1{t.x1=:1 _ 20+1:Y<.

5
~+1<-3-5.f.
l+Z-t
=lt+3i
(ii) 6JC l+~t'x3-~ +1x
3+<
-=
.3-<
3+3.i -1<'
!;::.:i. x I-< =4(5+'S(}+7X~

J-i.
/-1-t
=3-
1-U
/()
'Z.
././<.
~ z.= &-t-2+3i2-<.'
=
~ - ~- .1::.i-.
, s-+.s--t. - 1+-< x,_; -"
'!::!J
61+3-z-t.z.--<
.~ z-1
f x ~- =
M
'CJ
(IJL. J.1. S. = (3-zf3i.-+il.)+(3+2 rJ'.i+.i.t.J _if_= j =J
CiiJL. fl. S.
:!, =- "'.
UT +O< ("f-O
- 3-.P
=(3+'i.l)(2.+<'>
+< 3 (2--i)(2+-i)
- 6+11l+4.i2+f,-11.l+4.(1.. "f-('Z.
'1
:z, _;
:.z
=
-I_
z+i
2--< X z.-1-.<
1.t.i){Z-<')
-I
-I
=~ , ~=Iz = '-:~
2.-4'
'5-z.-.c. _ 3--<
'-'S
j- - " n
~(iJ (l+iJ'L:::. 2.,(. (t+il-:2.i(l+..1.) =-2 +2.:t.'
::S(3..H'J_
S'
-:--s ..
:z - L
'Z.-3-(
x.1.i
3+-i
i (3+<)
"dc.i~.11oof= 'f+<
)(. 2-H
2.-i< -IJ<3-4<'J-3-.+<'
~l
13
/0
72
:;d,J. ,i,,,.(o ..6'J-1'J+2=o ... '1=2.
.: 7it.4JltxJf=3+.lfi ... :S-.6'"10,/j:::& :J

=f+l6 = 2.5 .. & q. ""' :
,:r2._ 6.x. +z.5 =o
""""Od "',..,"""'
~
L+lf=
~
l-3.i x
1-4.
=
3
!.:!:. =2.--C: 1..11= 3--ix.J:ti"::z+i

J-f.(
/-:;_
I+-(
1.."'+11" <J-+HJ"I._ ?..L 11= (2-iJ7:...1 (2+"'J=-14i

.-.. Llf3+11 L : Lt1(1'f7:+L7 ) :(z.+.i)(-l-(i)=.t,-13.i.
<'- +H.O
L?._117+'2-LM.i ,(L-1'1ll= L7:...n!2Lni

..S-...rf.11110/i :2.L2 -2.M-,.=-6 .-. L~l'17::-3 lll,
p.,,,"'*cf "'f~ =(L.?.._N-z./:.. Lf L-z.1'17:.t.'"': (L"tr n!.2L 2 11-z. ,
+ .qt..211/t.= L"'+n!+zL2 til.=( L2+11~?..=25'
. L2+f1"l..= 5" .. <2J, F-1-. m+aJ.. 2.L'2 = 2.. L"'::t
:z.
'2.
..L:1., F~- t-:z.J-(IJ ..2f1 :g.-. f'f=lt " H:.2.
~
2.=
-"2.
/
a. - 2
+"":..::
-/o ... (I)
Z :Z :::
.. .z::z:z =zo .. .'2J, Fz- {JJ +tzJ
~ 'Z
z.
/(JI) "
-3'=.3J<2.=6
3X-2.i.;c...,.'5'J+3.i.!J = Jt-'ll
.
..(3:x.+'5YJ-+.f...(3'J-~) = 4-9'
.~ J:x..+ 5' 'J::: .l.f . (I)' '3 'l-2.X
9 .. (2} /i'fttll. (/)
=-
hy 2, 1:2Jby3 a...Jdt:iJ '- l'IY=-1'1!1=
Ill
"x=3
@lx +2i.X +2.J+3-i.~ ::.-,.....f. .j_

'-3;lc.+2.Y ::-5 UJ
CJ) btj 3
, l2J b9 2
.:X=-!/ 'f'"""
@ = 1-6i
(2)
2..A:.+3y:j UD
a,..J ~tf .-. 5X =

3
. 3!1-::: 3J ... 'J = ~
Ir
=(3-6i)(:J... .i)
..::x:.+i.IJ=l8-z.6i. .-.;:x:.=.11,'J=-26
. Z.%- - ,,.
_,,,,
..(:Z-+'2) ~=-16+z.o=4 .. z+:z= 2. <JJ
lJ" :z.
f'f(Mg
=a+ "".
. .Z:
=a-&..i
(3} " Zt!. :2.
.-.0..:1
z% = a.'+h"l. =1c
.-.z:::.a.-t..ih
(4-+i
';:::;"
:.{a.-ih)(C -<"d) =X.-
Ft(iM'f (I} XlZJ -.
-2J~ +2'J-3:x+6,iy !J >+-<'(-2:x +ll!J)
'+zoi
='+zo-t'
r;?\ IO X -;::::(.
2-i
\::!..:Vt.f1
8b(z.-.c.') - 3z.
16
1.
=5
4..
:.:.r:-y+2-ix!)-:Z..X-2..t!f+-<:X-';J+3-.c.:;:.O
"'i-21c. -12.Xi.-'3.:x.J =32-/{.<(.' B-3xy =3Z .,;."1,...y'2:...zx-!I+ 3::L> .. UJ, 2:XY-2.!J+:x-I
:. :X.'J =-I .... (I) 1-2!1-/'.Z:x.
'1=8-'X-(2) .'.2.!J{X-l)+(::t-l}=o :.(:x-1 )(2J+IJ =o
Suk.l:.U. (IJ.::x(8-6:x) =-8 :. ,::x.,._~:>:.-'8 =o
-'.X.=1
oil
:. 3.X1.-4x-"t=o .-. (3X+2)(x-2 ):::o :.x=2. ~-j ?llMf<JF -Y~!J +2= o
; ..l:.~+lJ =o
=()
=-'' ..
F-tVM(Z):. '1=8-IZ=-"t
Qf!
y=B+i.t=12
Q. 11-2~.ix 1+1_"- = 6'5-5"'. =13 _,;,
=--/.
'-~1+'1-2=o:.(9-f.1.)(':l-/}=o
.. t/=-2
oR.
._.h!..qt:
Y= l
=-'l-4XIX-i!-'<(o
:. /Vo~r;,,
:.z:J-zi oRz.= 1+ ...
~ J-2.c.
1+2"5 .
"2.
:1..
:.;x"L+'J1.+(.J'-!:J).i. =13-< : .:x.+'J =13----W,
@wz::x.+-<J .. :Z=.x-<"'J , :x,'J f:R"
X-'J =-I :.y..: :x+I ...(:z.)s.J...f.;...,.. {I)
:.x1.+:x1.+z.:x+I =13 ""- .x-i.+x-6=0 -'.X=-3Q/J1.
: C2'+-<'!J)"L_z. (X-i'J) ::0
..x'1.._1j'2+2-lx.
'J -z.;)(.+2<)=o :.:x:}-2x+i.P,:icy+1J.,.f>
fntl'Wtl2.) 'J= -3+1 =-2. gB '/= 2.+I = 3
;xt ~1-zx =o . .. (I) 1 7..!J(X+O
o
@<:r.+iy)(J--iJ+ (ZJc. +3.i.!1)(1-fi) =l:<l+4.'J{l-.i)
.. 'f=o
11~
x. =-I
.'.( 3.%-241) + .( {x-t .ft'J) :'I .-. 3X--Z'J="'1- .(I), ~-(I~..~"?..~)(. = 0
~~ + 2 = 0 y'\. 3
.. .x.(Jc. ii) - o ..;t:o!! 2.
'J =fl 9.8 - V3
X+lff=O : . .:X=-'t:J lZ.) sJJ. .i.+, (/)
.:. -12-9-Z'/=1 :. y =--fr_ 1 F-2"" (ZJ -':X-= 2.
:. Z:::.o ok 2.
.-..z .... -!+fl.c' oR -1-113-t.
_,"l.
'@L&t
@<.x+2.iy)(2+i) + (3X+-<..'J)(2-.i) =f(.z-4}(2+(

z
-'-( '8x-'J>+-U-2:r+6'J): 2.3 :.8x-;'=Z3W,
<'!I) = 4
..
-.1.fJ +4-'( 2X':J -q.X)
Lf
-2:31 +-61 = 0 ... :x. =3J (2.J ~,;:,.,.(I)
.. '24'1-1=2.3 -''1=:1. ,f'2""'1(2.J -'..:X.=3
.~ .:x'-':J'-4!1 =4 (I) ;2.::X('f-2.)::::.0
<.%+2.+< !l)(-1+.i) :::: (:x.-J-l!J )(/+"ti.)

:. (2.:X+l+S,)+-i( ~-t )::::: () -'2X+l+5Y='O
3.l'-b :::o :.:x.=2.1 F?omUJ :. Y=-1
:K.
..+
,+<' = I+<' X 2.-"- + 2+-i X 1-2 ..i
x- 'J +..C
'i+.:l
1+2,(, 1-2..i
=~
X-'J+-i.
~
5'.:X. +'5''J+5i =1:x.-1Y-t-r-i. -2.f.x+2b1 +2
2+2-i .. -2X"f/29=l. t
~-2.'J =2. 1 aJI .-.107::::.lf :.f::::o.f .-.:z..:ii:-thl=a
:.2.)C.=2-8 :.x 1.4
:.(-2.X+ /2.'J)+.i( 2X-'Z. '/) :
:. (Z- :J' <")(Z.+S'.f J::
:z:=-5',..,
z
=-1'3
oR
f'lUtW .: -;_ /=-11'1-lr-:o
.. '1+4'1+'1=0
.. ~+7.)-z.=O .-.
.. z:::o-z.c..
'1=:2
lj=2..
x."'---4-8=4
..
:X7..= 16
:. :Z~'f:Z +-'/
= -1'3 +4-
f .i.1. . :z.+2= 3(
'58 .-. -z:7:..6z+9 -51t+-'I

.ff'I = ~q.. 2 ..z-3 ="1i
.-.;x:.4
.. %:.lf+Z.id!f-1/+z.i.
=-'2.A..
2.--l
+ !J-3-< .- .x+ll+<
'3t-i
.x::::o
EXERCISE ( 9)
74
~>
2'j
:::((-~tn6~--i. S.:...6;).
= 6 (Cdi>(/80+'4)+.i&..;,._(130 + {.o)
=6. ('Cl;) U/6-+ -i .t.:... 2-46) :. IJ,.,p. : 2.t,o
<h> :;;; =- r (-cro 36. +-<' .s:.:. 3oJ ='i((cr.)34 _ -'~ 3o)
=8C<in(36l-3o9J +-<' .s..... ot<i-30J
17:\ z = _s_ x 1+ r.?.<. =sU+ffiJ =2 +zff".
'(!__)
l-V3-i
1+3
l+Y]<"
:.l:Zl=f.++n. =4 ,~6'=~ ::::.Y-3 :;.tJ=6t;
(b)
;;z"2
=2(t'1l(li'+-i.
: 2
s..;.,,;) ... f1..,.p. :::::60
::::"f(-Ci:r>4S+-t'S4..1-s)
=-4 r c1n<1&1-.1t:s/ _,...,: ~ ( 1ai-+.r;

:::<f Ccm 13f + .i .s.;..1 ~iJ .. IJ-.p. = r3s
(C.)
:::
<c>
=2
..::z.::: 4( lfn ~o" +.; .s.;... t,o*)
@ca J -z
.t.:. 330)
=8( ,,, 330-+-
6(- ~:r-<~fj=6[Qr.,(TT+f;,+-i~(lft,1f.J]
= ((Cn?r
_,_ .i.S.:.,. r:K;
.,....6.
.-.fl.,,n,
-6
U
r-
&
-z
=2(- J:... 4i -
A
:. rTftl/'
=-33')
"",,,4s>=2(-tmi,;_,~ i,;;
3
rc~(11tS+.1tf)
+"- ..._ oao+"';11
(Ctn 22 S +.J~ 2z$-)
.-. /J.,.,p.
-= 2.Z:l
75
(4J.it
=6(cr.n12.C +i'.s,;..12;)=-3 +3>'3 .<.
(h):z:
(Ctr.J7T+-l.5i..7T):-
(Q\z _ Yj+1~:
l+2Jl3-c. = -t3Vi+1:N ~
\!_) I /-'1.Yjt X l+ZYJ1.
112
~
-fi+i ../:Z1 / =fi+l=2., l'C...a:~..cA:3i
.-.B= 154 :. z, :z.(c~/S1J+-l&.:...1st/J 12i=<<f.1J6+i~
.:;z,:z,_:2.(~ trtf+.i,S..:,.180) =-2'
.z = 2 (en '17+ .i.S:.. 'liJx tz(crn3S + "'-.s..:. 3g'J

;z:, =.;.(Coil 120+<' .c.::.. 12.0J = -l+i/3.~:
.r-!'
Z'l. I
=22.(cnns+.i..s.;..135) =-2 +2<
<dJ ::z. =4(-<.1n22:/_"'. &:... 21:i;x3(-nt6i+-i.s;,.. t6h Q:z:.,
=IO(Cn 'It/+ -i:4..'I;} .. ;z,:z=l1Jx..f[c{7)(f;+,)
~
,
2
d
0
:: 4(crn .lf7+i.s.;.. J.t?)x 3(ctr.113 +.t &.;... 13)
+i. s;_ ('i't>+-SJ] ::2f"(-~8+i.C;n8)
= ( ccr..to+,is.;.. 6/J = + t'3 i.
=Z5(-t +~x JJ=-20+'5"<.,
-z:, = IOXZ [Cv.>(fo-tJ)+-<.s;...c'1o-B)]
~
o
Z'z.
5
O
(C)
~(_#.) "Z :v-:i(-Ctn/f + ~ ~
/'/) X 3fZ.(ctn2{.-tS:.,. 26)

" .
.
= 6(ctr.J161+"-..161}(<.u;,334 +"-,s;_ 334 J
. .
=6 ( C<r.> .lf'IS+ <.S;.., 't'ISJ = 6(4ol3.f+-L.S..... t'J$-J=-3'2+31fi<

4(-ccn 1~)\f--i~ 1~7T)(-S:.:..f +i.4:11 fJ
:4(-cn 1~
7f +i.~ ~1f }(-cp;,.1..7f+..i .s..:.,. 3 TT)
,,
IJ
It>
7ii
(h) z=
=4(<~,; 1f + .iS;,..j! 7T} (<<1>$ T +<- .S...:. k,7TJ

=it(c~/71'+-i.~-flfJ =-2r-J-2..i
4 ( ~8 + .( CQ,>(9):
i_
+12:. <.
;;:: 3.2+ 2 .l(.i.
@z1 = - 6 -<. = &(ctr.> Z?i+ ,- .s.;,.. z:-y; > ,

:zz. =Vz (ctr.I 4 s+ 4.,s.;_ .ifs) 'Zj =2(.f.;.. .,;+-i~ rfl
:. 23 =i (c<r.115"'+-i s:...... 1sJ..~.,, 3 Yi(<tr.>3oo +u;... 3oo)
::3'2(
i-~<J
3:2o~n'J
(C) 2:": It> (en Lt t9 +~ .4.. 419) [CdJ( .'f-38)+i.S.:..(1{-39)]
=10[U>?(-f'+t1J+-<: .S.:.. C.:f+a)] =11>[-'S4.D+-i C-0?19]

=It>(-;.+: .i)
G)2i:z z
2
= -6+8"-.
= -f.xsx![cV3120+<.s.;_12,)J
= 15(c~1u + "'.r..:..110)= -'{ + !/Y3"i.
@(a.)z 3 (ur,,.+/+ <"S.:..4sl 3~ + 3"! 4..

(bJ x = t"3 <un120
+is:...120J =-IT+~
.c.
s..;_ -g71
2
2
(C) Z : 34( t:.o3 1-ft? +~

z.
17( C(r,)47 + ..( S..::.. 1(7)
=l(!()).2.fo+..i.s.;..240)
=-1-fi;.
') + .t~ (- ~11")]

2f +is..:.. J =-t3 +""-
(d) z:: 2 (cm (-
=2. [(Q)
@ z.2. =z (- c o:n~ + i s..;..B >= z.[cvaoso-BJ+-i. s.:...

( IKt[-OJ] .-.21-:z 2 ::::10 fCinC21J-8&J-8).+.i ~
(ZS+ I 8t>-8JJ :./O[Cv,i(//l'()HJ) +" &.:;...( 1$o +B) J

0
;;::: lc(-Cc-:>tJ-.i.S:...,.~):IC(f+.JiJ
= s +6l
~
-3L/5
z, =
5 [an <'lo-8) + -t.'.S..:... (l/d-8}] ,

z'l. = .q-[-cVj z.e + -i ~ z&]
... 'Z-z. = v,: (CP.>(/80-ZfJ) + ...t"S::.. ( ttrti-2PJ J
:. .?!.!. =fl[tr,rJ ( fa-e -18; + ze) +<~('lo-8-13'; +20)1

z:2. :::f5Ucn (-10+6')+-<'.S:... C-'11J+eJJ tt&/Ju
l!J-1,
== V5 [ell') (210-+e )+ < .s..:. ( Z'!o +e~]

=~ S.:...t; -l,Cu.> BJ=Ys(~-~(")-: f-2.-<. ~
ti) Z1 :
2.
(Cu.> /Zt>
+.i.k 12;) =-1+f3..;_
ui) :z :::8fi(c1;1Ul["
+ ..i. ~YE)
.l.f
"f
=BPi.(enW+.ts.:...~;r; =-8-~<-
cii!) 23 = cvo 61s+ .. .s;...6-;rs=CcTJ JtS+is.;;.. 3tf:::..1. _ .i

4
~ ~
+<..S..::...336]
. ..
_//'[
<JV) -:z:i.,-. Wil 330
:::: 16 [t:O> rnl +-1. ~ 1120]= 1tCCIYd2i,; +i'4:... v.~>

:16<-{-!:f".~:) =-ZU+VJ~.")
~
/St/'+ .t'S:::::: cm31iO+~ s..;,. 390 :CU)
(b) Z:::(Ctr.>
cCJ :z ori/ x (2i;

= IZ8(-.,f_+J.!(j)
77
I EXERCISE ( 11) I
. .t5i~t'i - f-L.i. o R
-n+ ni.. ,
:Z. =-lf..i : it(C~Z':/0.+ .i.s;..2.:/0 ).: fi.: 2. (Cci t'35-+it:.13$)

::- fl+a.i. ll.!!. 2(C<1a3IS+ i. .s;... 31i)=ff- ~-i.
2 (f,,30 +i ~Ji)' 2.(~21i+,s.:..21;; <eJ ::z=1-zi+2-2.. .i = 3- 't .i.
~ 'Z._ 3
X-'J
- 1) J 'l.-X'J::--,/, ... CZJ . .x.'Z.+ !f2.= ~ < 3)
(!)ca) /z/::.+ , e:: ,ti ..z=4{Cg;Jlo"+<'li-i,., 6o )

:.7,/;..)'104/o
MC-
1 -Y3-".'
::z: = 'I cen 'lo+ ,s.;..,;) _._ 7M. ,,,,,Jo a--u. 3
.1..e. fi+l
cbJ
<((f:>
pz,.. (/).+(3),(3)-(1) :.x =2. ) lj =+ 1.. fi="f:(2.-<")
lfl
+.t'.s;...t,s) ,3(cf/J22i+U..:.. 2."Z.:;.) ,;..~. N

(1+.t'J
'Z.
(C) %
-3 r'3 + 313 .i ... l:Z J:: 3 ff, B= 135
. Z = 3 'f6( CV>/15+-1.".s.,:_ 13~) .-. 7',,. ,,,.,,,6 .it.u..
x 1- 2"i<. = -2t.-ztn~=-2~itii
l+Z~ <
1-ZYj'<'
l+tz
..Jzl-:: f'it+n. ::::~ 1 9=2.4/-~ Z:l{(C~ Z )fo .f-.('Ji..21to)
Y3i;(c~i1s+,'-:..6-;.s) 1 {f16(cU)2/.tM +i~ z .n.~)
:.'1% =2 (CQJtttf+l.s;... n..4):::-l+Y'f"i o ft
<tlJ z:: if (C-C1'Jt8o+i.S.....18i) ... '7k/101>k> a.u.
z. ~ 3ct5' +-ts.;.. 3oeJ= J - ff":
(Cuil'lo+ .lS,;,..ql) =2<' ,2 (<.(l')z.10 +is:... z1:) =-2..i.

(l!.)71! : 4(C&/)2tO + -<'Q..;...210) .: ~!ilJD.l'l.o,t, ~
2.
2..(Cu:JJ'3; +iS.:...13f) , 2 (CU)J /; +i. .s.;_3/f:J')

<F J l:ZI =if ,
=300
-~ :z.; 4 ( un '3cO +<' J..;. 300)
,t7:\ %= z(5-3fi'.iJ
\'.:!._)
=c
. .=
0 :. l-
:z:31+!i< x.1$. 1+2~ =a - b +2..,,o. h

/-...:
I+ ":l.. i.'1
b,_ =TW , z.ah:21( . .f.2J..-. a + 111 =25 (3J
FAuwt (/)+-(3) ,(3)-(/J
..a.:4 ,J, =: 3
.. 7L noo4 aMt. 2.. (~!So+ -i~ is;), '2.(cn 330 +(&.;.. 330)
..lTlttacA .,.,( Ca J, CbJ ,(CJ ,(dJ, fJ
f i ::.x.+ .i 'J
:. Z::(.z+-i.y)'L ='J.-:/-+2..i.:X.!J
caJ x1...- 9 1==-8 .. <> , 2.::X.'J= -~ . w

4
l3!J.-4~J llJ,1.7-J a..J 4/~ .-..x +'J'l...=/t> (3)
F4_, UJ-JGJ i./. 3 )- (I) .. :x = :t , '/ =t= 3
(.;\z ='3(1-~i. >x.~l

\!..,)
=S"-121.
~--1.
5 .+ "t. '1.
..:ltf-- y'l.:::S Uh2. X Y= - IZ .. (2J ..:x+ 'J= 13
(b) ,,,_,__'Ji= IS . . (I) , 2 x 'I = B . l2.J :.~~2:, 17. { 3) F"ltn>dU+f-,J7 (JJ.-(IJ :.x :::J: 3 ,y = ::;::2.
/:.'JtJ'>rt(/)+(3) ,(3J...q} .. .x.:4 ,y:-:!::1
..z= -"<'-Vx 1-z~ 3 (3+~< Jx 1+~

.. {/) J 2.x9::::-/2 .. (2) :.::x.~1=13 0) lo\
\.::_,;
12<t
1-Z-" +
/- -<.
l+-t
p2Prn(IJ+-<J) ,CJJ-(1} :.;x.:3 19=+2
::::-+(/$""'-$)+ 3<B4 -2.)::(/Zl.-_ l/)+(f2.t'-3J=-1+24'.i.
?.. 5
2
l. ?..
(c/; ;:x'l.__1.fl.=6 .. lf) J zxy::::-3 . .. (2):.;x7=,..f=IO (3)
-f: 5
(C) :X. 1
: .x7:... 'J :::: - l ..(I), 'Z.)t.lj:::: 2 4 (ZJ :. :X =t-'j ::::2 ~ - ( 3)

,:4 llJ+-C3)JOIJ-ll) ..:x=::J:3 1 Y=~-.6=(3+'tO
F-?.'"" (1)+(3J 1 (3J-UI : . .x=.:tzt'f, 'I=+ V2.
@:r"lf uu.J ~(a))
(IJ), {C} ,(t/)) (e)
uffZ=::X.+< 'J
.-. ;;z:.:(:x+-i1JJ 2 ::::.:x.z-/+2-ix!/

'2.
'2.
'2.
"2.
'J ::: S - ll J, z.x.'1 SV'i ...t2J .: :x+'f =16. -{ 3 )

p,,thrl (O+l3J, OJ-OJ .-.;x...=2f3 , 'I= 2
.. rz = 2//3+z-i. ~-2V3-2.i '~ :
:z:. 16(<ro60+-<~t.o) :. Yz =4<c"'3; .,...;~ 3iJJ
Ca J ;x; -
2-1''3+2-i el' 4 (cm 211> + <' ~ 2./o) =-2 fY-2

(/,).X1-!J7..::0 . CIJ, 2.X':J:1. (2) .'.X~ ,'2.=2. ... .. (s ]
0
((i\ (x+-i'Jl= 5'(3 .i-: I) x- 3 -~ = 3- "t i.

\!_}
-3+-t
-3-.t.
":X1- 1/=3 .. ((J,z;r.'J=-4 .. (z J .-.:x.l+'J1= 5 - <3>
F4"""' (1)+{3) 1 C3J - (I} .. .x=:f:2, 'f=+ J
1
(;;::\ c;x.+.i'J/+ 1,u

-~ +1r= o '~(X+<"-Y;":-zi
\!V
...-..L-. :Px 1--t
1
+1S=t> :-(:x +-i yJ = -IS+ 8 "-.
.: xa_,j1=-IS . .( f) 1 2xy= 8 C2J : .:x">:+y1.::17 (3 )

Ptum (l)+f3> , ('JJ-0) .. :x. = 1, !I=:+~
F4.o..t (l)+C3>,<3J.4iJ . ;ic.: 11 'J= i:.fi =!..IC
-1- i, ~ : z= 2 (tn f ;+-i.s;.,. 'Ii).. fZ :fi(reo-tf+

..l..j;.. .vl) = /+"- ~ll fi(ctrn:d+i.s;.. 225-) =:-/-<.
(C) .X,_- 'J":-.lf ... (I), z:q=-1.ttlj...<_2) :.:Jt7:rJ7:g . . ( 3,1
F""crtw(O+C3J,OJ-W :.:x=fi. , '/="f-Y6
.. rz::: rz-u"'
z =8
~ -fl+ff.i,
?!Ji/ :
@8<.("+,,y >'=u ( S'-12 .i) -.P:.+-1)/= f - 3i

" x'--92= / w, 2xy:-3 .. CZJ : .%1.+'l'!=!j ... ( 3)
Fil"""' f/J+(3) , C3J-U)
:.x. ::t ~ , '/= :+' 1
a.+""=b =
2
Z-'4<'
3;
a-2
1. --3
fl.+ .. J< :J,..-.<
..,, -2.....
- , o
-
... .2.a.- ..
l.t+3i =:Z ... Yz=:x.+<' y
( l<n 2.1/b-+-t.' J,.;... v,;) :. Ii ;:2 t'i(t'fl)/'l0+./'3.4...126)
2
)t."l;_Y
(/)]2.:X.'J: 3 M ('Z) :.:X~!l :=$ (3)
a/Ii (<rn3tJo +<.:;.. 3ooJ= '12-ff"''
=./; ...
= - fi +ff-r.' g,1.
(t/) ;x."l.._tj"".=o {/) J 2X'J =-1.t . .. (Z) : . :x.2+y :::: 1/ .. (3)

F/lvm Cl )+CJ) , (a}-<. O :.x:-:i:J/I , 9= :f:. Y2
r/l.vvn (l)+f3J, (3)- { I) ... ;x
=k=.f n,'j=r.,/; fi.
:. Vz ::: (-jfi+tr-i) =f1'2:(7H-cJ
78
=l+ux 1~ =-1+1i,t1::J-1"-~1-t __ J_
3 .
a z:
/-./
.-. 5"L +31f
1-1-,,.
/..+..&
2.
<.
1_". -
=-4 +3 .i 41-1--t+3l = x+-1'!1
:. :x..2:.. '}2.:-.lt (/)' 2.X 'f = 3 (2.) .. x"l::ry7:$. . (3)

/:"nUWI (/)+(3}](3J-(I) . .x:;f-1:_Y') IJ= f yz
F-e,,,., O>+OJ, f3J-m :. :x= z, '/= 1.-.:z:c2+< J

. __ ,_ +-'-)(2-~-
2.+<' ~-
:J: '-! =R. Jl.S.
--
@z:: 64(ct>'J21;,
.. z f
2.--<.
'"5 .. L..N.S.:[2.+<+2--t]
+.i~2.,;;
=It(en 2 zo+2.k 7T+i. ~ 27o+ZKT!)

=
'(
. 3
.
f5El':
Ctn?o+""S:....'fo)
.If.<.
X=f: :. :z;,_:it(t.n21ti+.i~21/)
-z,=..,
= -:lfT-2i.
~: -~ ~ = J.t(Ctn 330 +-1 .s.:;.. 330)
=2V3-2.i
'
79
!5.::.!': .. -::z1 =iffl(~1!;0+ .i.S..:..IS1>) =-2 Vi{+z Y2i,

=:Jfi(ev.,33<;~~330) ::2 ff -212 i
-K:1: . z z..,
@ Lc.t -:z.: ::x+.i. 'i -- cx+1'Jl+ lx+i,I ::. o

.: x.'-Y~2.-i.x~ + v'x~'J 2 =o .".J-i._'l7+1.,.~'-..o- .(IJ,
.x'J=O .J/:A:::::o .: -'J"l..+IYl=o .:. - y"L__y=o,
y.:So olf-Y"+J= o -"..'1~o

.. -:lfY+IJ=c>
, !1(-Y+IJ = o
... 'l=o olf'1 -= -I
.. 'f=ei oR -1
L=
1+-'x l+"l
t+f:: 2-t='- !1:l::.:i~1- =-2"=-<':1
'
l+-4 1-J
2
1-.c
.13
..z.:5~
. .,
+3"
3.
=5"--
~=24.:2.(CtrJfo+-t"Si..fd)
:.:z:. 3 = 8 (cv..7-70 +l .s+..210)

:J
..;z-a. =zfi(t:cn ?102/<Tf+.i&..;.. 2lO-t;,_21<1T)

l<"::o: ..
K:/, ..
~.J= 2"2(co-J13S+ i
&.;..
n:!J =-2+2-t o~
.J -::z.n(ctn3J5"'.+ .i .s.;_31fJ = 2. -2.i
-z--' -r
(36- 4(1-z.J.J
-~
= 3 Vii .... w ,
.I~?=o - ;ic~(.:d o -.:>e'-x =o .-J....... x~ o

.. .X.=o dlt x= J'Urd, -'4-x?; 0 : .x1-+:x=o
.:x:o oR :x.:-1 ~J ~..4~J;,,...,a....,
f (o,o) ,(o+.i), (O-<J)

@t1.tz=~+.c)
x-+<'J+ fx-"-)+2 I +-ii =o

.. .x+l~+'2)-iyj+.t' C~+2J =o
"-X + i/(5c+2f'+~1+ .c-C'J+i.) .::o :. Y+2.=o:.Y=-~
~+ i/:xt.-1-1tx+lf+-'t=o : . .x= - 'l':r'Z.+-1~-+a ~
s~~ :. x"l.=x'-+"fX+8 ..;x =-2
..z=-2-a.-i.
2.
"l
'?.
F"Zi =;JC+-t !J ..:it-Y =o . l'l}, ~XY=2 {3)
l_I-
,,.,
. ..x !r:/'.::- 2. {"t) 1 f..,,,_ (2.) +<'rh Cit J- (2.J . :x=:J:..11

'I= 1 . . t"U. ( l+-i) .s...J,.J: ~ (I)
..-z.:3'i:(l+i) :4+< OH 2 - "-
-z'+ ;;~" <:::"iz + ,2;/ c:::.fJ =o

-:z'Z.+ (-/-2 .i) %. + 13+13i
=0
..::z::a /+'l-'. :: fl+lfJrff'-~Z-fi.l =/-l-2i-:!:~i

~
LJ' f-!r5-lf8<' :X+~!J :.;;c1:.-r/::-S51/J,VCJ=--tl~fl)

:. x'l.+!/-=..13 l3J, F.11fh9f W+W ,{3)-(/J....x:'3,
Y= +8 - ~ f9~S"-lf1<' :(3-8'-'J
-~Z:flt+z . (3-8.iJ]=1 -3.i oK.f[/+1.t'-(3-Bi)
=-l +5"<
@ ;z.3cz2-o +(z1-n = o ..c-r- -1 uz~ u=o

.~ -1 .. z =t QB z3=.-t:(tnlli+.l:..1so
2
'%
.-:. -z:.=cn
ISsw.:z=
1'o+uqr +<'~ /l'ofil<.,,.
4'>6~+1~,;=-14~
~.:.-z= cen11l+i&1..116 =-t

15E1--."'.. :z = GO? 300 +-< .s..... 340
gB
2fi
=-t -!!/,i
7&.110~
4ILt..
1,-1,-1.,f+rfji, -f-Kf.i.
I EXERCISE ( 12) I
80
.-.&=V
Z:{; (,,
:::::6
81
82
L.fl.S. =Z-/2W-f
:/6-6w-6'u;'-1-I =I.if-
rf!)L.f/.$.:;:;;:..=..;~..:.:.....:..------~~~~---- 2.+6w 2-+ w+3ul'+2.+,w+w'l--+3w

...,
.
1+3w-a.+3w +fw3
--
/()-1
7
--
i1
-_,..,,., .S.
D
@L.H.S.:.::fSt'
=:!:fii.
:fit' x ~=.:..::.,;;=
:(iff.i.')2
=3 i.
=-3 ,..!f.f/. .s.
{[jj)L.H.S.:--,,---1
.:..::...:_::_.;_:_;:..::;::..
: ( C~( -8)
+ .< .S..:.. ( .f-S)]

::: Cr.l{.lt71"'-88)+ .i. ~ (47r-81) ::::C1XJ8e-i- ~BO
@ l+.i. ::: f2 (en f
+,(,Si..:!!) ,
,_,;. = il2 Cc<n W +i.s;;..w)
= fl.C~<-f>+-'S...c-/)
.. l.11. 5. =(Vi)[t:<r.1 '!!1! +-< ~ '.??!'"]

.,.,
""
..,
+(Vi>
[co:> (-:.!J1!")
+ 1 s..;.. (-:Zl.l!)
J
.,,,
J(
.,
= (Jfi") [ cv.i ~ + -'.s.4.. "!1!f" _,. eo; zt!f- "'..:;,,:..
.J.
::: a,)"'11
)I. 2.
""
C<r.>:!!J'!
it
it :!J.
"f
.2.,_+I (fr.> '!!..If

.If
%::(~~ +
=l-=~~:;;;.;..;_
= cm .IJB+-i.s.;.. J;.f
s.;,,/'e
.'. Z =CIJW;."'f/9 ( CQ;1 4/IJ-
::Z1 :::: Z-+

"'[ :::: 2
3w+ 5t.1}
+ !![W
..:z.?. = w"l...(2.+3::x.-r'.f<.l) ~
= 2w +3ui1+s= w(2+3w
=w(z+3ld.+5J}:i:;.
1AJ
1+
L. 1-J. s.
b.j c,.+c.3
!
2.'-t
-'1
=3
'11 :i
(, 2.- "
12. 8 - 4
x2
; 3
11 34' -'1
2.
12 .It -~
=6 j 11 "3 s() I=6x4 1 1., 34 5ol

"' ()I 12. 't
3 I
0
I 0
= K. H- S.
(aJB,-c.1 +c2.. :.J.. .f.1.S.-:::.
,bf c,-c.
a.
-2.d 2.1
b -5el
-'8J 8
"13 S-5 SS
L /-1, S. : 36 43 46 , ~ 'l-12;
1 2. 12
.:: 24
a+
1
I 2.
f 12 l'i Z2
l?-1 =Z /'2.IZ. 12./7. IZ12.1
2-"1
1'1 ~'2.
IZ. l'l ~'-
'f'i.-13
=o=R- H.5.
87
0
~ /!f ,,,~Af~PfM>.-<r
Ml1'""4""
::t
,a, !wt1 !J~t, {JCo 'ft J '(.Xz.;
22.(63+36)-
... LH.s.
@4y-2'Y-z.
=I l~L , :
()
/ ,o,c+Ci
-1
t I :: L +r1+N+1
:(l+L}(/+11+N)-L(l'f+N)
c o.
c
+Ca+ c., .. L. Jl.S.::: 0.-4-2
a.+2c
~I
1 a.c
11
Ci.cc.
<l+:Z.C
.b,-7/+'f11-7/+T3
a..1
o.c-c
I::::: (11.+-2c)x1.X<A-c.>xC<-c)
a.-< :::ca+zc.)(a.-c )'?.=!? HS.

L H. s.
+ '!) ..
I;2 ~ ~ I
o 1-x 3
'=.e.1-1.5,
:=(
L. H.S. ::::::
b-e
h -ti
d-d
1 I. -ti
b-c
b-c
l:>+c.
b-c
, "1-Yi+1i1 -1'/+1'3
b+&.
2~
b_:u
b
YJ+ t":;i.
I=
(z.b-IJ;dx(2c-b)J1. b
.-.L.H.S.
11.
ab
~ ~/
i
.:i-c.1
b(c-11.J
= a.(c-b)
::. : :i I1-1'z.+ Y,
I ala i c
C
c (
b-c
o
o b-c
1 c
a. b
l:
-(C-a)(C-h)
-(C-0..)(C~l::J) 1b;_c.. ~I~\ :-(c-a.)(c-h)(b-a.')(-1)

a.b
1
-']+Jl2
_:
I
c.. 1
a.b
,,,,.
(c-a.)(6-.
blc-a.J
:.L./-1.S.-::. 4.(C-b)
a b
c){a-b)
o a."'-c'l. \
b~C.-i.
c~
~ -:;~')\ ~J ~Ca
1-
c-a.
b(b+c)-a.{a+c)J
-h"L+c(a.-b)]
(a.+b +c)
88
: (X-A)(X-b)
I
I~
b/ ,ei.,c,+c.,_
a.!:it
'ij :::.(X-12.)C.%-b)(a.+x.ff,)
-1 :f.
a. --;
:(.:IL-11) lx-1.)
@ 8!J
.. LHS
-CJ.+C1
-C.a+C3
a.-b
c-&
l:i"
o,1._ l,'L
ci_1:,-i.
Ia.~
.,,, ca-hJ cc-h) \
L~b
\ ,
-a.
b t-i.
-C
CO-
~b
1 c.
o. bc .xJ>
c,"I.
.t..~.
c,'i-
"'~
-'.D :o .-. a.be =1
~P""'J,;.,.J ~J ~ 1.. evL(.s.i...x -2t:.o>)X)
:::: .ii..."Z,;c.-S.:..."l,x f.'2 .s:4- X C(l);;c.: 2..S...,.;x. G;n;x:::: ft, JI.$.

""' -C.1+
@sy-Yj+Y,. , -1/+1J
I!+i:. . I , ~
ll:b::-f-i.-ca. ~ I
CA.
'i..H..j.
i
t,_ c~"" \
-C
I! t t~1-1: ~ :~1=0
..L.ff.s. :(/-L"r,,?.;1t.)-IM.. X
-c c.a. c-12.
._ (~-h)(c-h)(a.-c)
~ _:>1
:=(a-b)Cc-b)(P.-c)
bG
@eJ
c.(o-11J co. a.C b-c.)
:: (a.-b)(C-b)
:f.
-1.
:::(h-a.)(C-4)1
-C3 +Cz
b't.bA+4't
CZ...+CA.+0.'1.
:(b-a)(C-4) (C~C4+fiJ"-Jii..:::: ( b-4)(c-a)
-J
~i i~
J~ b~A (".4;;~h~J:._j
""lo C-4 (tAJi.<:'\+"4.:;jJ
=\J
bA-Jr?)
[fc-h)(c+b) +O.CC-hJ}::(b-.rJ<e-aJ~h)(ta+b+c)
ct:.,cb+<A.>\ =fb-o.)(c-'JI ~ 1:
.,a._"'
=-! /,"l-ca. -&la.+J:i+c)<a.-1.)(c-e)(o.-c)
R. H.s.
:::: (ah-+*"'+c..CL)(<t.-b)(c-h)(a.-c) cft,J,f,J.
::::( b-Q.JCC-0..)(C+a- b-4):= (b-4.)(C-A )(C-
I;.,
1:i!c-a.
.-. J,., H.S.::
&C
C::-4-
11>
-la+t+c)
2.C
5'0 8!J ~+t'a
J.,f/.S.:
-::.U}t-'J)
I ~~
:X:.-'J
:x
-'J
;JC.a
()
"'2<.Y-~)(;;t:.1-+J1..'J-t
C~tl,_
-1a..,..,.,r&
=2.{:X.-'J)\-~ :;w:~y ~
(C-0.) (C+Q.)
~y
l,b..,
la+2,)
(C+IJ'--{il+IJ"
(c.+;.j'1 -Co..+2)'1.
(4.+ii"
a"
lc-o
I
<A+l)'I.
1:1-ta..+2.
Cl>+zl'-<o.+al
C.+O.+'Z. C.+4.+l,
(4.-#-/),.
(4.'f"Z.)l.
c-1. (A+t>"c-& co.+..,

.....
a.
b+4 b+lt+z. fo+A+-'J
:t
t
1
:llC
:s
{b-a.;(c-A.)(C-b)~
2.4.f, .lf+lt
4,,.
t lt+4
:i
'4j
UO.
I
I
IP+a.+lt ;-'ft+l'J
/>+A +a-u. o+a++
a;x-Zy
c'.i,.(::r.-IJ}(-X"';,.,,:x'J-J?
3 3 a.( 'l-'Jt.) -fl..1.f . .S.
(a.+I).,_
( b+O'l._(4+1} '1.
.a;'L
2.:>t-'Z'J
-71+13
h+(A.
c.+4
"J.:X-l!I
:x-':I
'Yz.;
t;t.z.
7..C.
._(A.+ h+c)
C-a.
I fiii> B~ -'f't+
v
Ib~ a.
;,,"cJ '~a.~c,+c::-~+"'3
1a+b+c c+6+c:: 11.~c

J.,/l .S.:::: 2.b
& -C-4 2.b
6.0\
\:!2)8!1 tj+Y:L+tf
.If
()
I,.!ay-Ci+l'
-'1-+'-1
(h-<l)(C-o.)(.c-b}(l+l.t-I0.-1) ::J,(a-&JCl>-c)(a-C)
@ay-~+r.,->;~r, .<~.\ :'6 ~~ ;._"I

L.
I~;b:+x.,_+.r :::1-~ cl~-r::

I
cZ.+ c;ic.
c..;.)(.
c.?
b"':+ lo:x.+-"1.
;x.,..
1
"
b+x t
c-h o
;x,1.
x.
b+x. 1
1
~.... ~ +J'-..,_,V-:.J&-c.x.
6'.x1.-~)]
-~-~+tt+~JJ'}
( o.3-bcz)::::: ~. 11.s.
0
II
SOLID
GEOMETRY
89
LINES
EXERCISE (1)
Definitions & Axioms of Lines and

Planes and Their Relative Positions
whether
true
and rewrite the
false one in the ""f/'1""'".,.
(b)
one common
(e)
(g) Every plane partitions the
sets of
into two
sets
it true:
to
(b)
X=L,L
(c)
(h)
If the
,A .. y
Definitions & Axioms

statements by a suitable word to make it true:
L , M are contained in the same plane, and LnM = 0, then , L,M
(b)
st. lines
the
are not contained in the same plane, and LnM = 0, then ,
are ...
are two
a
LnX ={A}, then the st. line L ... the
to
not
then L .. .
plane Y.
whether each
(4)
space are all parallel.

(d)
horizontal st.
(e)
two
(j) If a st.
(g)
space are all parallel.
are themselves parallel.
in
is parallel to each
Xis
to
these two planes are parallel.

~
thenAB//Y.
[92) Definitions &c Axioms

(h)
If two planes are parallel, then any st. line contained in one of them is parallel to any
st. line contained in the other plane.
(5)
In the following figure; the two

planes X , Y, are intersecting at
~
AB, DEX, Di!Y, HEY, Hi!X,

CEAB, the points C, D, H
determine a plane Z. State
whether each of the following
statements is true or false giving
B
reason:
+-1-
(a)
CEX, CEY
++
(c) DH cX
+-"'
(d)
DC
(e) ZnX = CD
(g)AB nDH=0
--
(h) AB, DH are two skew lines
(j)XnYn Z=0
= (CJ
/
(6)
ex
--
~
(j) DH
//DC
(k) XnYnZ
DH c Z
(b)
,,, ,,, ,,,
I : In the cube ABCD.ti B C D
(First) Determine the relative positions'of the

elements of each of the following pairs:
(a) The two planes AB
(b) The two planes AB
c/ ,________..._,....
IfA, AD DA
v ,,.,i - - -- /
81, DC C6.
/
/
/
(c) The st. line AD, and the plane CD D C.

~
(d) The st. line AD, and the plane A?CD.
Definitions &: Axioms
,,
(h) The st. line AD, and the plane BC CB.

~
(o) The st. line AC, and the plane ABCD.

(Second) Determine the relative positions of the st. lines of each of the following pairs of
---
lines, and the angle between them giving reasons.

-++
(a)
AB , AD
(d)AB
~,
DD
EXERCISE (2)
(1)
........ ,
AC
(b)
AA cc....
(c)
(e)
A'd, cc
(j) AC
AC
- -,
I
BB
( Properties of the Famous Solids )
I :State whether each of the following statements is true or false:

(a)
The base of the right prism is the surface of a regular polygon.
(b)
The lateral edges of the right prism are perpendicular to its bases.
(c) The oblique parallelepiped is an oblique prism each of its faces is the surface of a
parallelogram.
(d)
rectangular parallelepiped is a right prism, each of its bases is a rectangle.

The cube
edges.
(j) The lengths of the diagnals of the parallelepiped are equal.
[94) Definitions &
Axioms
(j)
The lateral faces of the right pyramid are congruent.
(k)
The regular pyramid is a right
(l~
The regular pyramid is a triangular
base is the surface
equilateral triangle.
(2)
ABCDH is a quadriangular pyramfd,

the faces ABC, ACD, ADH, ABH H
and BCDH represent the planes X, Y
I
z, L' P.
Complete each of the following statements to make it true:

(a)
The point B E the line ....... , the
........ and
(b)
The point B i! the line ....... , the line ........ and the line
(c) The point C E the plane ....... , the plane ........ and the plane ...... ..
(d) The point C i! the plane ....... and the plane ...... .
........+
(e)
c the plane ............ ,and DH c the plane ......... also
(j) XnY = ............... , Y nZ = ................ ,

XnP
= ............... , YnP = ................ , ZnX =
(g) The plane Y is exactly determined by the two
.............. , ................ or
(h) The two st. lines
....................... are
the two lines
, .............. are two skew

skew
and
two
an

(3)
is a
Z,L
, P as shoum in
the following fig:
(b)
(c)
Name
at
names of
which
intersect at D.
(d) Name two edges, which are parallel to the plane Y, and two edges, which are parallel
to
two
(e)
to
(j) Name four pairs of skew lines.

~
(g) Write the measure of

(4)
angle between AA,
: ABCDA
prism, complete
statements to make it true:
(a) The edge AA II the edge ........ , and the
edge ......... , and the edge ....... , and
the plane .... ,
the
++
..++
~ ..
between AB, D D.
[%] Definitions & Axioms

(b) The edge
AA' ..L the plane ......... , and the plane ........ .
(c) The base ABCD is parallel to ........... ..

/~
~,
(d) The plane AD DA n the plane CDD C = .......... .

(e) The plane AB BA n the plane ABCD = .......... .
, ,
(j) The face BC C B is the surface of .............. , and also each of the faces ....... ,, ... , ........... .
, .................. .
~
++
(g) AA
n BC
= .............. , AA,
BC
are ............................ .
++- - . . .
(h) Also AB
, DD are two ................. .
-+-+
(i)
The measure of the angle between AA, and CB = the measure of the angle ........ ..
.....+
_......,.-t+
I : A, B, C, Dare 4 distinct points in the space such that AB II CD, prove that AB, BC, CD,
~
(5)
DA are contained in one plane.
(6)
Ir: L, M, N are three parallel lines. A fourth line K intersects them respectively at C, D, H.
Prove that these four lines are contained in the same plane.
(7)
: X, Y are two planes, intersecting at AB, Mis a point not belonging to any of them. Two
st. lines are drawn passing through M such that one of them intersects X at C and Y at
......+
0, and the other intersects X at D, and Y at H. Prove that CD,
HO
are two intersecting
+-;-
lines at a point which lies on the st. line AB.

(8)
I : A, Bare two points lying in two different sides of a plane X, and if AB n X ={DJ, and
........
.....+
the ray AC is drawn to intersect X at C, and the ray BH is drawn to intersect X at H

such that AC II BH, prove that the points C, D, Hare collinear.
(9)
I : In the triangle ABC: D, H, 0
---
are the mid points of AB, BC,
M does not belong to the plane of the triangle ABC
If the plane MDC is n1>111.nir
and the plane MAH by Y, and the plane MBO by Z, prove that:
(10)
I : If a plane is intersected. by one of two parallel st. lines, prove that it

other. st. line.
(11)
I : Prove that the four diagonals of the parallelepiped

point of each.
at
011
EXERCISE (3) (Parallelism of A Line And A Plane)

(1)
: State whether each of the following statements is true or false and rewrite the
false one in the correct form:
(a)
If a st. line is parallel to a plane, then it is parallel to each st. line contained in this
plane.
(b) If each of two st. lines is parallel to a given plane, then, these two st. lines are parallel.
(c)
If two planes are parallel, then any st. line contained in one of them is parallel to the
other plane.
(d)
If a st. line is parallel to each of two intersecting planes, then this line is parallel to
their line of intersection.
(2)
I : Two points C, D lie in a plane X, and the two points A, B lie

~
.....-+
out side it such that
<--t"
CA// DB, CA= DB, prove that AB is parallel to X.

~
(3)
I : TR is a st. line parallel to a plane X. Two parallel st. lines TH, and RO are drawn to
intersect the plane X at Hand 0. Prove that THOR is a parallelogram.
--.---~~
(4)
: AB, CD, HO are three parallel st. lines, and they are not in the same plane. Prove that
each of these st. lines is parallel to the plane which contains the other two st. lines.
(5)
I :The surfaces of the triangles MAB, and NAB form two distinct planes. Xis the mid point
- and Y is the mid point of MB.
- Prove that ~
of MA,
XY is parallel to the plane NAB. XH is
drawn to cut
AN at H, and Yo is drawn to cut BN at 0. such that XH II YO, prove
that: XY //Ho.

.
(6)
I : X, Y are two planes intersecting at AB, Z is a third plane parallel to AB, and intersects
<---+- ~
the planes X, Y at CD,
HO respectively, prove that -CD II HO.
(7)
I : X, Y are two intersecting planes at AB, and the st. line CD lies in the plane X, and is
~
parallel to Y, and the st. line OH lies in the plane Y and is parallel to X. prove that:
-
+-
.............
(First) CD II HO. (Second) AB is parallel to the plane containing HO and CD.

(8)
I : X and Y are two parallel planes. A, B, Care three non-collinear points in X, and D, H, 0
are three non-collinear points in Y such that DH II ~

BC. Prove that the line of intersection
of the two planes ADH, and OBC is parallel to each of the two planes X, Y.
(9)
~
AB , CD
are two skew st. lines, the plane X is parallel to each of them, and intersects BD
--
~ and LN II CD.
at N, and AD at M, CB at L. prove that MN II AB,
(10)
I : AB, CD lie in two different sides of the plane X, and each of them is parallel to X. If AC,
BD intersect the plane X at H, 0 respectively prove that:
AH:HC= BO: OD.
(11)
: MAB,
NAB are two triangles contained in two distinct planes. C, Dare the mid-points of
MA, MB respectively, prove that Co II the plane NAB . and if H, 0 are the mid points of
NA, NB respectively, prove that CHOD is a parallelogram.
(12)
I : ABCD is a quadrilateral, its sides are non coplanar. A plane X is drawn parallel to each of
BD, and AC, and intersects the sides AB, BC, CD, DA at the points T, P, R, H
respectively, prove that TPRH is a parallelogram.
(13)
I : ABCD is a quadrilateral, its sides are non coplanar. A plane Xis drawn parallel to each of
AC, BD, and intersects AB, BC, CD, DA at the points H, 0, L, M respectively. Prove
HO
HM
that + = 1.
AC
BD
~ Definitions & Axioms

(14)
I : ABCD is a parallelogram.Mis a point outside its plane. MA, MB are drawn. If OEMA,
MO MH
and HE MB such that: =OA
HB
MN parallel to the plane ABCD.
EXERCISE (4
(1)
, prove that CH, DO intersect at a point N, and
Parallelism Of Two Planes
....... +-+
I : AB/CD,
HO are three parallel lines, which are not in the same plane, and X, Y are two
~
parallel planes, intersect these lines at A, C, Hand at B, D, 0 respectively. Prove that

the two triangles ACH, BDO are congruent.
<2>
Y are two parallel planes. The st. line Nintersects the plane X at A, and the plane Y
at 8, and the point, LE AB. Another st. line is drawn passing through L to intersect the
plane X at
/
and the plane Y at D, prove that: AL: LB =AC : BD.

/
: ABCDA BCD is a parallelepiped.Xis the mid point of MA plane Pis drawn passing
through X, B, C, and intersecting AD"at ,Y. Prove that: XBCY is a trapezium.
(4)
I : ABCDA B C D is a cube, the length of its edge =Bcm, H is the mid point of the edge BC.
/
A plane P is drawn to pass through the points A, H, C", and intersects the cube prove
that the section is a rhombus, and find its surface area.
<s> I
Y are two parallel planes, AD intersects the two planes respectively at B, C. The ray
is drawn to intersect X at Mand Y at N, and the ray DH is drawn to intersect Y at
K
X at H.
If AB =CD. Prove that: AM x KH =MN x DK.

J6)
I : X, Y, Z are three parallel planes. The st. line L intersects them at A, B, C respectively.
Another st. line K intersects them at D, H, 0 respectively.
If AO intersects the plane Y
at N, and AB: BC= 3 : 2 prove that: 3CO + 2AD =5 (BN +NH).
m I : x, Y, z are three parall~l planes, the st. line L, intersects them at A, B, c respectively,
and the st. line M intersects them at D. H, 0 respectively, and the st. line N intersects
them at K, T, P respectively such that: AB : BC
= 2 : 3,
DH= 2.4cm, KP= 7.5cm.
calculate the length of each of Ho, KT, PT

(8)
[3.6, 3, 4.5cm}
I : MABC ~ a triangular pyramid, its base is the triangle ABC, in which AB = 15cm, BC =
9cm, CA= 12cm. A plane is drawn parallel to the base ABC, to inl1'rsect MA at D, and
MB at H, and MC at 0, such that MD : DA = 1 : 2 find the lengths of the sides of the

{5, 3, 4cm, 6 cm21
triangle DHO, and its surface area.

~
(9) . . : X , Y are two parallel planes, the st. line AD intersects them at B, C
respectively such that AB: BC: CD= 3: 4: 5. another stl. line is drawn
from A to intersect the planes X, Y at H, 0 respectively. Also from D a
(10)..
third st. line is drawn to intersect the two planes at M, N respectively.

BH xBM
27
Prove that :
CO x CN - 3 5
MARC is a triangular pyramid in which point X E MA such that
MX : MA
=2 : 5. A plane passing through the point Xis drawn parallel
to the plane ABC cutting MB at Y and MC at Z :

(i) Prove that triangle XYZ is similar to triangle ABC.
(ii) If the surface area of the triangle ABC is 100 cm 2, calculate the
surface area of the triangle XYZ.
{16 cm2]
EXERCISE (5)
(1)
Perpendicularity of A Line
on A Plane
: State whether each of the following statements is true or false and rewrite the
false one in the correct form:
(a) The st. line which is perpendicular to another st. line contained in a plane X is also
perpendicular to the plane X.
(b) The st. line which is perpendicular to each of two parallel st. lines contained in a
plane X is also perpendicular to X.
(c) The two st. lines which are perpendicular to the same st. line are parallel.
(d) The two st. lines which are perpendicular to the same plane are perpendicular.
(2)
is the line of intersection of two planes X , Y. From a point A not belonging to these
planes, AB is drawn perpendicular to X to intersect it at B, and AC is drawn
perpendicular to Y to intersed it at C. prove that BC J. DH.
(3)
: ABC is a triangle in which AB
= 9 cm, AC=
belong to the plane ABC where AD= AB, CD

(4)
12cm, BC= 15cm, the point D does not

CB, prove that Ac J. fil5.
- to intersect it at D. CH is drawn
: ABC is a triangle, CD is drawn perpendicular to AB
perpendicular to the plane ABC. Prove that AB is perpendicular to the plane CDH.
(5)
: XY is a diameter of a circle. XC is drawn perpendicultir to the plane of this circle. A point
H belongs to this circle. Prove that: CH J. HY.

(6)
: BCD is an isosceles triangle, in which BC = BD, A is a point not belonging to its plane
such that AC
= AD,
0 is the mid point of CD . BO is drawn, also
AH is drawn
perpendicular to BO to intersect it at H. Prove that AH is perpendicular to the plane
Perpendicularity
(7)
I : ABC, DBC are two isosceles triangles with a common base BC, and they form
two
distinct planes. M is the point of intersection of the medians of the triangle ABC, N is the
point of intersection of the medians of the triangle DBC. Prove that MN ..L BC.
(8)
I : ABCD is a triangular pyramid in which AC= CB, AD= DB, M (L ACD) = 90, N is
the mid point of AB, prove that:
AB is perpendicular to the plane NCD.
(First)
(Second) CD is perpendicular to the plane ABC.

(9)
I : MABC is a triangular pyramid in which M (L
CMA) equals M (L CMB) equals 90,
..__..
MH is drawn perpendicular to the plane ABC to intersect it at H. If the ray CH
intersects the edge AB at D, prove that AB is perpendicular to the plane MDC.
(10)
I : XYZ is a right angled triangle at Y. XM is drawn perpendicular to the plane XYZ. If XL

is drawn perpendicular to MY, prove that XL is perpendicular to the plane MYZ.
(11)
I :MABC is a triangular pyramid in which MA = MB = MC, L
ABC is a right angle, L
is the mid point of AC. Prove that ML is perpendicular to the plane ABC.
(12)
I : ABC is an acute - angled triangle. AD is drawn perpendicular to the plane
-- -
ABC, and
From B two perpendiculars are drawn BH ..LAC, BO ..LDC, prove that:

BH is perpendicular to the plane DAC.
(First)
(Second) HO ..LDC.
(13)
I :ABCD is a triangular pyramid in which:

A
M (ABC) = M (BAD)
-+
= M (CAD)= 90 prove that CB is perpendicular to the plane

-
ABD, and if AH is drawn perpendicular to BD to intersect it at H prove that AH ..LCD.

(14)
rJ_ r,:;
I :ABCDA B C D is a rectangular parallelepiped, the length of its diagonal A C = 2VJV
2cm,
./ I
AB =20 cm, BC =16cm. Calculate the length of AA'.
-/
[12cm]
endiculari
(15)
base of a rectangular parallelepiped is a suiface of a square, and its height =6cm, and
the length of its diagonal equals 10cm. Find the suiface area of its base.
/ / /
[32cm2J
~h.
B C D is a cube, the length of its diagonal equals 12 y3 cm,X is the mid point of
-.....
77
...
Calculate the length of XC , then prove that: B DJ.. X C.
[18cml
is a right angled triangle at A. AD is drawn perpendicular to the plane ABC, and
- Prove that DH J.. DB.

DH is drawn parallel to AC.
are two parallel st. lines. From a point T in the space, TM is drawn
to AB, and from M, MN is drawn perpendicular to ~
CD. Prove that:
angled triangle at B. Cr5 is drawn perpendicular to the plane ABC. IF H is

of BC, 0 is the mid point of AD and X is the mid point of AC, and HX,
Prove that OX is perpendicular to the plane ABC, and OH J.. BC.
- -
and N is a point outside it, the st. line AB c X, NM J.. AB and intersects it
-
++
MO cX, and MOJ..AB,
-+
....;.. +-lo
If the point HEMOand
HU/AB.
sides of the quadrilateral ABCD are not in the same plane, each of the angles ABC
is a right angle. IF T, K, R, 0 are the mid points of AC,
Bc, i5,
AD
Prove that: TKRO is a rectangle

the quadrilateral ABCD are not in the same plane, and BC = AD, AD is
to the plane BCD.
If the points X, Y, Z, L are the mid points of AB, AC,
prove that: X, Y, Z, L are in the same plane, and they form the
.........,. II X. From C, D: CH,

are two intersecting planes at AB, the st. line CDc Y, and CD
are
--
perpendicular to X. Prove that: HO II AB.
Perpendicularity
(24)
: ABCD, YXCD are two rectangles form two distinct planes.
If M is the point of intersection of the diagonals of ABCD, N is the point of intersection of

the diagonals of YXCD. Prove that:
ABXY is a rectangle.
(First)
..._.
--
...
.~
(25)
---
(Second) MN is parallel to the plane ABXY.
.
: ABCD is a parallelogram.
A plane Xis drawn containing CD. AM, BL are drawn
perpendicular to the plane ABCD, and intersect the plane X at M, L respectively. Prove
that LMDC is a parallelogram.
(26)
: ABCD is a rectangle in which AB
= 7cm,
BC
= Bern.
BH and AO are drawn
perpendicular to the plane of ABCD such that BH =AO = 6cm. Prove that: CDOH is a
rectangle, and find its surface area.
[70cm 21
(27)
- -
ABCD is a rectangle. From A, B, C, three segments AX, BY, CZ are drawn

perpendicular to the plane of A BCD to intersect another pla.ne P which passes through D
at X, Y, Z respectively. Prove that:
(First)
The plane XAD is parallel to the plane YBCZ.
(Second) The plane XYZD is a parallelogram.

(28)
: The sides of the quadrilateral ABCD are not in the same plane, and Ac J_ BD.
AK. is
drawn perpendicular to the plane BCD to intersect it at K, and CL is drawn

perpendicular to the plane ABD to intersect it at L. Prove that AK, CL are contained in
the same plane.
(29)
: ABCD is a triangular pyramid in which AD ..L plane BDC. The st. line XY is drawn
- -
passing through A, and parallel to DC. Prove that: AD

XYand BD.
= the shortest distance between
(C ORTHOGONAL PROJECTION J)
EXERCISE (6)
The Angle Between A Line

And A Plane
-"l!!!!!!!- : The st. line AB

+- intersects the plane X at A, BC
- is drawn perpendicular to X to intersect it
(1)
at C. If AB = 13cm, BC =6.5, find:

~
(i)
Measure of the inclination angle of AB on the plane X.
(ii) The length of the projection of AB on the plane X.

(2)
[30"]
[ 13
2
Vil
.......
I : A point A lies outside a plane X, AB
is drawn from A to intersect the plane X at B. If the
length of AB =28cm, and the length of its projection on the plane X is 14cm, find each of
+-+
the measure of the inclination angle of AB on the plane X, and the length of the
perpendicular drawn from A on X.
(3)
[60 , 14 {3cm]
I : ABCD is a rectangle in which AB = 15cm, BC = 36cm. If the diagonals of the rectangle

intersect at M, and MH is drawn perpendicular to the rectangle plane such that MH =
19.Scm. Prove that AH = HB, then find measure of the inclination angle of AH on the
rectangle plane.
(4)
[45"]
I : ABCDHORQ is a rectangular parallelepiped. The length of its edge BC is 12cm, and the
(5)
length of its diagonal is 25cm, if the diagonal AR inclines on the base ABCD by an angle
4 Find the lengths of AH
- and AB.
whose tan is _.
[20cm, 9cm]
3
: ABCDA If Crf is a cube, the length of whose diagonal is 12 Fem. Prove that any of the
diagonals of the cube inclines to the face which intersects it by an angle whose cosine
equals
(6)
!:.... {6.
3
I : ABCA BC is a right triangular prism, its base is an equilateral triangle ABC, the length
of its side equals 10cm.
If AA = 15cm, N is the mid point of OC. Find measure of the
inclination angle of AN on the base ABC.
[60.]
The Angle Between a Line & a Plane

(7)
I : A right quadriangular pyramid its base is the square ABCD, the length of whose side
equals 8
{2 cm,
and the length of each of its lateral edges equals 16cm, and the
perpendicular segment drawn from the pyramid vertex intersects the base ABCD at its
centre N. Find measure of the inclination angle of any lateral edge on the base.
(8)
[60 "]
I : MABC is a right triangular pyramid its base is the equilateral triangle ABC, the length of
whose side equals 12cm, and the length of each of its lateral edges equals 4 {icm, and
the perpendicular segment drawn from the pyramid vertex intersects the base ABC at its
centre. Find the length of this segment and Tan the inclination angle of any of the lateral
edges of the pyramid on the base.
[Scm, :__
3
/I
(9)
/\
VJ
r::;-
: MABC is a triangular pyramid, in which m (MAB)= m (MAC)= 90, MB= 6 -y3 cm,
and measure of the inclination angle of MC on the base ABC equals 3Q, and the length
of the projection of MC on the base ABC equals 9 {3cm calculate:
(First)
The length of MC.
(Second) Measure of the inclination angle of MB on the base ABC.

(10)
[18cm, 60 "]
I :A regular triangular pyramid, its height equals 4 {6cm. Prove that:

(First)
The length of its edge equals 12cm.
(Second) Tan the inclination angle of any of its edges on the corresponding base equals
{2.
(11)
I : BCD is a right angled triangle at C, in which BC = 6cm, CD = 8cm. The point A does not
belong to the plane BCD such that AB
= AC = AD = 13cm, H is the mid point of BD,
CH is drawn. Prove that: AH J. plane BCD, then find Tan the inclination angle of the
12
[
]
st. line AC on the base BCD.
5
EXERCISE (7
(1)
Theorems of the Inclined Line

And Its Projection
I : AB is a chord of a circle with center, M,
D is the mid point of AB. MC is drawn
perpendicular to the plane of this circle. Prove that AB .L plane MCD.

(2)
I : ABCD is a rectangle in which AB = 9cm, BC =16cm, AM is drawn perpendicular to the

plane of the rectangle such that AM =12cm. Prove that the ratio between the two surface
areas of the triangles MBC, and MDC equals 4 : 3.
(3)
I : ABC is a triangle in which BC =.20cm. BR is drawn perpendicular to the plane of the

triangle ABC such that BH
=5cm, then ii'i5 is drawn perpendicular to AC. If HD =
[12, 16cm]
13cm, calculate the length of each of BD and DC.

(4)
I : ABC is a, triangle in which AC =20cm, Co is drawn perpendicular to the plane of the

triangle ABC such that: CD = 5
"
Vii cm, then fill is drawn perpendicular to AB. If the
measure of BAC = 60 , calculate the length of DH, and .sine. the inclination angle of it
to the base ABC.
"'!!"!"""._..
(5)
[25cm,
A
'!:_jj1
5
I ; ABC is a right angled triangle at C, in which M (B) =30, AB=: Bcm. AM is drawn
perpendicular to the plane ABC such that AM =4 "12cm. Prove that MC .l CB, and
find M (L MBC).
(6)
I : ABCD is a triangular pyramid in which AB perpendicular to the base BCD, (ADJ 2 =

(ABY + (BC)2 + (CD)2 . Prove that: CD is perpendicular to the plane. ABC.
The Inclined And Its Projection
~
m I : x, y are two planes intersecting at AB,
M is a point does not belong to any of them, MC
-+
is drawn ..L to X, MD is drawn ..L Y to intersect them at C, D respectively, then CH is

++
drawn ..L AB.
Prove that DH ..L AB.
- MB.
- MD
-- is
I : MABC is a triangular pyramid, in which MC perpendicular to each of MA,
(8)
drawn ..L AB, prove that AB ..L
the plane MDC.
---
I : LMN is a triangle. LD is drawn perpendicular to the plane of this triangle, then DN is

- -drawn, also MH is drawn ..L LN, MO ..L DN to intersect LN,
DN at H,O respectively
(9)
prove that:
(First)
(10)
MH ..L plane DLN
(Second) HO ..L DN.
I : X, Y are two planes intersecting at AB, and the point M

~~
~EAB,
MNc Y and makes an
~
-+
acute angle with AB. NC is drawn ..L X to intersect it at C, CL ..LAB to intersect it at L.

Prove that:
Sin (NMC)
- ...
=sin (NML) x sin (NLC)
- is drawn ..L the plane X. IF H is the

(11) -~: AB, AC are two rays contained in the plane X. BD
--
mid point ofCD,ABJAC

prove that: (First) AC
~-.-(12)
--
J_
DA
(Second) AH= BH.
I : MX , MY are perpendicular to each other and contained in the same plane, and a point T
/\
does not belong to their plane, TM = 10cm, M (TMX)
/\
= M(TMY)
= 60. TZ is drawn
perpendicular to MX to intersect it at Z, TK is drawn perpendicular to MY to intersect

it at K. Also TW is drawn ..L the plane XMY to intersect it at W. Prove that:
~
(First)
MKWZ is a square. (Second) TM inclines by an angle of measure 45 with the
plane XMY.
...
.~
-...._.,.~~
(13)
---
: AB, AC, AD are non coplana r st. lines in the space. BC, CD, DB are drawn such that: ,
.....-+ CD ..L AB,
BD ..L AC.
Prove that AD ..L -BC.
EXERCISE (8)
(1)
Dihedral Angles &

Perpendicular Planes
I : State whether each of the following statements is tme or false and rewrite the
false one in the co"ect form:
(a) Measure of the dihedral angle between two planes is the measure of the angle between
two st. lines one of them is contained in the first plane and the second is contained in
the second plane.
(b) The dihedral angle between two planes is measured lJy only one coplanar angle.
(c) The two planes are perpendicular if there exists a st. line contained in one of them
such that it is perpendicular to another st. line contained in the second plane.
(d) The two planes are perpendicular if there exist two intersecting st. lines contained in
one of them such that each of them is perpendicular to a st. line contained in the
second plane.
(e)
If each of two intersecting planes is perpendicular to a third plane, then the line of
intersection of the first two planes is parallel to the third plane.
(2)
I :ABC is a right angled triangle at B, BC= 24cm, AD is drawn perpendicular to the plane
-<-+
ABC such that AD= 5cm, CD= 26cm. Calculate M (L D - BC - A), then write the
names of two planes each of them is perpendicular fo the plane ABD giving reason.
{301
(3)
I : XYZ is a triangle in which XY = 6cm, YZ = 3cm. DX is drawn perpendicular to the

- .L -YZ. Find M (L X - YZ - D), then write the
plane XYZ such that DZ= 9cm, DY
names of two planes, each of them is perpendicular to the plane DXY giving reason [45 1
Dihedral Angles
(4)
I : AB is a diameter of a circle of length 17cm, AC is drawn perpendicular to the circle plane,

where AC= 15cm, D belongs to this circle such that BD
and prove that the plane CAD
(5)
........
= 8cm. Find M (L
C-DB-A),
[45 1
the plane CDB.
J_
I : ABC is a triangle in which M (LA)= 30, AB= 10 {3 cm, BH is drawn perpendicular

to AC to intersect it at H, BD is also drawn perpendicular to the plane ABC, where BD
T-+
[601
15cm. Find M (L D - AC - B).

(6)
: MABC is a triangular pyramid in which MA= 8cm, MB= 10cm, MC= 17cm, AB=
6cm, AC
= 15cm. Prove that the plane ABC is perpendicular to each of the planes MAB,
MAC.
(7)
I : ABC
is an equilateral triangle, the length of whose side is 10cm. AM is drawn
perpendicular to the plane ABC, where AM
= 5cm. If D is the mid point of BC, find
~ -A), (LB - AM - D), then write the names of three planes

measure of each of (L M - BC
[30 , 30 1
each of them is perpendicular to the plane ABC giving reason.

(8)
: ABC is a triangle in which AB = AC = 5cm, BC = Bern, H is the mid point of BC, AD is

-
drawn perpendicular to each of AB, AC.
If DH= 6cm. Find M
prove that the plane ABC is perpendicular to the plane ADH.

(9)
++
( L D - BC - A), then
I : ABC is an equilateral triangle, the length of whose side is 30cm.
[601
N is the point of
intersection of the medians of this triangle. ND is drawn perpendicular to the plane

~
{301
ABC, such that ND= 5cm. Find M (LC-AB -D).

A
(10)
I :MABC is a triangular pyramid in which M (MAB)= M (MAC)= M (BAC) = 90, BC=

~
12cm, M ( L M- BC-A)= 30, Dis the mid. point of BC, MB= MC. Find the length of
MA,M (LB-AM- D).
[2 {.i:45 1
[DD
(11)
Dihedral Angles
I : ABCD is a triangular pyramid in which AB = AC, H E
I\
BC such that AHD is a plane
angle of the dihedral angle (A - BC - D). Prove that the plane AHD .1. the plane BCD,
CD=BD.
(12)
I : AB is a chord of a circle with centre M, and its length equals 6cm, and measure of the
central angle AMB equals 60. MN is drawn perpendicular to the circle plane, where
NA= 3 {icm. Find M ( L N -
AB- M), then write the names of two planes, each of
them is perpendicular to the plane MAB, giving reason.

(13)
[45 ,NAM, NBMl.
I : The two equilateral triangles ACD, BCD are not contained in the same plane. Prove that
Co .1. AB. If the length of the side of each of the two triangle equals 2Lcm and AB =
E
L yJ cm. Find M ( L A - CD - B).
- write the names of two

If His the mid point of CD,
planes, each of them is perpendicular to the plane AHB giving reason.

(14)
[601
I : ABCD is a square, the length of whose side is 12cm, and its diagonals intersect at M. AN
is drawn perpendicular to the plane of the square such that AN = 6 {2cm. Find measure
~
of each of (LA - BD - N), (L B - AN - M), then prove that the plane NAC is
[45 , 45 1
perpendicular to the plane NBD.

(15)
I : MA, MB, Mc are three mutually perpendicular line segments, where MA= 4116cm,
~
=MC = 8cm, and D is the mid point of BC. Find M (
M - BC - A), M ( LB -
AM - D), then prove that the plane MAB .1. the plane MAC.
[60 , 45 1
MB
~
(16)
I : ABC is a right - angled triangle at A, AM is perpendicular to the plane of this triangle

~
such that AM= 4.8cm, AB =6cm, BC= 10cm. find M (L A - BC - M), then write the
names of two planes, each of them is perpendicular to the plane AMC giving reason.
[45"1
Dihedral Angles
(17)
I :ABCD is a regular pyramid, the length of its edge is 9cm, its vertex is A, and the centre of
its base is M, 0 is the mid point of CD. Find measures of the dihedral angles:
~
(A - CD - B), (C - AM - D), then determine, with the proof three planes, each of them is
perpendicular to the plane BCD.
(18)
[120 , 70.53
I : MABCD is a quadriangular right pyramid its base is the square A BCD, the length of
whose side is L {2 cm, and the length of its lateral edge is 2Lcm. If N is the centre of its
-
.........,
base, and 0 is the mid point of AB find M (L M - AB - N), M (LA - MN - 0), then
[45 , 67.79 1
prove that the plane AMN J. the plane BMN.

(19)
: ABCD is a rectangle, in which AB
=6cm, BC = 2
{Jcm, H is the point of intersection
of its diagonals. HM is drawn perpendicular to the plane of the rectangle such that
..........
M(L M-AB-H)=45 , findM (L M-BC-H).

(20)
{301
I : ABCA/ B C is a triangular right prism, its base is an equilateral triangle, the length of
/
whose side equals 10cm. If AA= 10 {icm, D is the mid-point of BC, Find:;;-
(First)
Measure of the inclination angle o; A C o n the base.
(Second) Measure of the dihedral angle (A - CB -A)

(Third)
(21)
[63.4
Measure (L B - AX - D)
[30 1
I : ABCD is a horizontal plane intersects the plane of the parallel~gram ABOH at AB, and
measure of the dihedral angle between them is 60 .
If M
(ABH)
= 30 , BH = 40cm.
Calculate the length of the segmen t HN, which is drawn perpendicular from H to the
plane ABCD to intersect it at N.
incline to the plane X at two angles of measures 45, 30

perpendicular on the plane X to intersect it at D. Given that
plane ADB is perpendicular to the plane ADC.
rt?frJtto 1111 .,.
pyramid in which MA= MB= MC= 20cm, ABC is a right

of AC. Prove that the plane ABC is perpendicular to each of the
cube, the length of its edge is 8 cm. Prove that tan M (A - BD-A)]
,,
is perpendicular to the plane BD D B.
planes at AB, and measure of the dihedral angle between them

is contained in the plane X, H is the mid point of CD. HO is
plane Y. Prove that the two planes HOA, HOB are
in which BC = BD, AC =AD = 13cm, CD = 10cm, H is

~
- CD - B)
= 60. AO is drawn
perpendicular on BH to
.1 the plane BCD.
and find its length.

at AB. A plane Z is drawn parallel to
[6
VJcml
AB and intersects
.....+
that: Sum of measures of the diherdral angles AB, CD,
THE FU
SOLUTIO
OF
SOLi
GEOMET
115
SOIJD GEOllIBTRY,
EXERCISE ( 1 )
~,:
VJ
(IJ
,4,,,
-~~ ..a-f-u "~
/'llM -CM"':!J """ ~ f-fl

(C)
/f'~
iJJt,A.
~IM' im~
(q)
~J,. ~ ~o .i.l~ell.:J ~ hau<-
a.~- ,J. ~ (FJ , / (If)
tli1o;,,,,
,IU.U
~) C::.
/,/"'-J LA.tu.
1'I" ~a .s,, s,., ~M.
WC
n, LJ
cp
(C)
"&-.JMr
(s/.J </>
~ E' E:
(bl~~
t:tnt~~ f[J II
<!). L//11
.:.74f ~~ .
Al
a. p /4od.- X : cf l ..CE X, k
:Z>EH . Z>G x .. CD c x
;.:...,'H~'f?;:---;r;:... I< c X . ... ... (I), ... /1//N
..~M._. a~"{:. HN..H~y
Kc. 'f <ZJ /:'_,,_, <U,(2J;
K ./~ ~ bo!A
Y , . 11 ~ ~boll
Y
:. x) '{ CP#/;u;, Wo .;,,,.1;n,ueqy A{-. ~
.. Jilic.Y :.
x,
v)x,
Y";
v,
x,V,x,v)x
J<,i/, V', x, V,v,x,,/
:. X , 'f.
f.ilt,f,(i'J .r-Ulu~, At M" c.li) II

cii/J I~ JD dY'J J3 .iA cnfii..IJ
~ th-~ At:Jc'IJ { i') // (Vi)//
l'~cid .
n 1iil'
A~P,1._
a-J ~ 6""t lei-~.zbs~~ <vbs~~
------~---~------
~ DC
- , H'J>
........ t1.r..
.
c.i~ a
7-J/llC z ... z n x =Ci:>
., IU!X, KE:Z 1 :z:.(}y;::"/itt
. . 'JiC //He
t~utx,y
.. zu_,.e~-
..........
..KEAR
oil.
xnY:::'CH,
: 11 e '[,Be Y ..AS c::. Y,
c
,,,~ 'f ~
:2)
-~------------.......;
(-;\ ... ot n HI> =fttJ
S~1m/I: ciJ J-n~IJ,,,J~f I>, .L

.
IP.u.4~ AA cf =cf> a..J ~ &i. ~
.-. Key, Ke z .. kE'
A~ ~ilkA- (iii)// (iy)S~ ~iaut144L
x,
n :. :Dey,._. JiBn-x
:(D/ :. :Dex .. :IJ xnY

:. '])CH .. H, V;C ~ ci;/I~.
(j) uf AH 11 8o n c D =~ I< J
__:;,:l<e:Dc
11
... KEX, ... tfeX
.. t11kC x . s;,,,;1~ ffkc Y

:. X nY
lik. . ... W,
._. 1<..,..! Bo ..i J< z _, n' z ......., c.s.e:.=-~--;
... nk c :z ... y z :::111< .. (2.J
...
, X//Z
>tff'f=813 ,
,:Zf1L:::::D'i5
J d AB)lfa~
,f
zfc, :DC 1,
.8c,,s8},
}
DJ
//L
p1_., 111,a.; ...
-, -
Be //M
,(:DD, BC)
xny
Ynz
c
'{ A
J 17
BA~~,;, A8 .. 8H ,,;~.t tD11-t

a/''""1t t ~'! ) lJ .-. Ve 8Ji .. 1> e: x
@-.AB//??,
.. ,
- -
c ~=--l:-~--.4"
A 8 = c,, 1>..
. ,l/BcD 4'11
a.L::?,...,.
fl\
++
~ x.nz =CD ,A8//z
<""
,.;_ "'
..AB//
c- D . u~1~.1
AB I/ HO
/I
... CD
.. iilnBJ. =INJ
..,,kf ..i4 .a, -.N-,1..fi.J
Ho
(j): x nr =iiB,
'
- --
C1J c.Y . CD//AB

"'( .1.d "( .-1'~ . W c ~""4 ;
B
..;_
~
Rl40
Ht> #'96 '.C,/)//Hp
Ac elf;,, a L7'f'4-; Ac 11 /le = { 111.,hJ'
.M .ril. ..,.,,;!:-!' oi-f 1-1a.d
{1.J .-.~1~A~:Z:
A/,,o c '])II 8 .in a. .c:71".., , RC n BD =f NJ .. "18 //c'D,,
~ C'Dcz
~,,( ..U ~ .._;,'_p,,.,;./--t~llUfll 'J'...a.,_ - . (3J .. /18 //Z
- -
"'.a.. . :;.:-.. .....

J
.. ~ llNA "'"'~ ~~f o..f ~6~
f'IJ'i.J l'f .~d ~ .& ~ti.. p~f" u.d

EXERCISE ( 3 )
([)<aJ N'101: Jf .U II ~p 4k. &:-.. '( ~~;,,

.a..
'( ~u.i 11/_,_ emu~ ~ .&;.;. .wl"Q

~ p/lbl. tbJ IY1r#tlj 1 J/ uel ef ~ ,./. ~ .U
// foaAf./h..t. ~~llM-// <&JV <a'Jv
(i)J>ntud_:~ :l/C:.8:D,
~c.
/I 81> 19B1JC ""'a-
L:7f'._ ...
CJJ //A.8, . Ci> ex
.. AB //X
--
(.;'\
~ rH//Jf()
tUf~i.at_
Yn-x
..
r~
IL
?M-1
p/4ne. 'f,
....... , . rH 11x
=Ht>
.....
//HO
r/-IO!f
.J,,a.
C7'J'U-
--1---t-
.llJ>,
AN
- I~ ar-.
J.
;..fu..udi, X 1 'f af
r-T--....,...,.~8/'f, cN 81'1//CN
X
,..t!t! .Ali. ,;:;, .f.12 (''!";11:"-'""---t--,:..--+--l.
l'/N
BC
JIC
s;._i.flJll,4 .eli /1 Ek
..:DK ::::: c'D . . . .. l2)
- -=
I< H
BC
/If'( - :J>k
F 4 0>r1 ro :> {2 J; JiN -KR
-------------------;
111'1 x K fl= l'/N x :DK
-------------------~-----------
() iiC., Z /d'l.wl
-4
pl"--
CM.'
/Jo// p/4-0 'f 1 % J-
8K1 CO 811 //co

:.A /!18/'I-.. ,411CO b::::.fil::::.l.
Ct>
.-. 3 C.o ::::: 5 /JN

.. A ONll-A. OJI:/}
.-. rl1J = lfo ::.Llf
AIH
#b
BC
/9~11
l'JC
2.
N ..:,,,"4t..cf~
L!.4. .. 15,.I = .iK'P

l1C
15
;,
J< T: 3 c..... ,JSI::::: .f'JA
Tl' BC
b ::::.!..
..,..,, .1;.5 c....
3
I r
rr
-'3Ct>+2HJJ:S(81tl+Ni8
, L, 11 .,;,,,,u...u.ct,
~ :. 22tf :..tlJ! =_3.

#0
BC
3
:.1.:.!f...:::: .1:. HO ::::: 3., c.,.. ,
HO
3
Ji.I
--=-.--~........__-:::..
=5
2./1]):::: :FNH ... l2J. F~"""ftJ+l2J
(j): XllY //Z
Jill//ifb
119
:?4--//pl,,__ .llBC a.-.J .Zk
(.;'\ : IJB J... X.,...... c:. X .._ 11BL1SH

.. ~v
\!.:}
.......
.. A C J.. Y, ])H C y.-. ,qc.L1>H- (
F'l. ;_, m , <Z) : . Ff-t .J.. P /(Mo(. A BC ,
DH
l'f/1.8 ;...~ ~
:J)N, AB .. :/)fl///IB
..A.1'1~H
+-+
:. :DH ..L BC
-t.lf/IB
ftt =f!I =; :::= j
r7:\
~
11.
= J..
3
.. 1)0
=4"-", t1!1oll-A.t1C8
CD
:. I~
~,M 2>~
pt~,;,,,,~
n, Co
x,
=8 1+ 144:::225:(8') '2
OAta.=i_x 3X4
a.
'{a.I-
15
"'1V>r1 (!J ' ( ZJ

c~---+.,...,,,...---'""B
.. Ac ..1..p./4-t- ABD :. Ac .L BD
. Q/:!. - /10 . .Q.f1 _ .J_ ... 6H=3 ~ ..A'Dc.H

CB-HZ .. " -3
io n1P ~;of 0
.-. AC ..1. .f/8 CIJ_,

A llDC. E .Ii AB C ( 3A-i.&/u)
. fie. ..L AD ... . ... t1J
At11JO-.. A. 1-f,l;C
:J)O
t!J:l _ IffJ
. ,qc = 1111 - HE
2.
\::!_) (/18) +(!JC)
..DH= 5"'- Si-i/.vdy
=' em :c
2
H J.. pl4-L llBC

_
:. C H ..l. !78 1 c D..l. AB
..AB ..L pla-.. 'I>C H
Z>~aw XH, : X'/ i4 a.

ciJa-LliA..
..HY _L H X .. .UJ,
-- AIJBH-.. A. ACO :. BJ.I =118 ::1,
,
_
_
CO
19C 1
:x L-~---:::'J
,I} wo c N 11 Bl'f.-. fjDcK -AIJBn ~--,.----'..---.---...... . x c .L pl a..,1.- ~-/.I.A. e4.?c:.&.
:. c X ...L H Y . . . C2J F-r..-fJJ,
. . BM :: JJB _ j_
CN
J)C - 5
w :. HY .L pl"""- ex H :. i/y.LC'H
.. fiN )< J!.!t. = ~ X J.. -::.il
CO
.. ,/jH I/Co
CN
35
])n.a.uJ
. A C.
AO
=/JD, o _;,, a_
?nJdp~t"'(ct) :.IJo.J..CD-<l##!J;:__-~~___..____.,,.
Be ::::. BJJ ..Bo .1.. cD . . -1.zJ

,.,/.
0
F-'ltnrt (I J , (Z J .-. C D..L 10Att..llH<>
.. cl) J_ ll H , 80.1...AH
.. f}H
..L p ltJ.,n4.. BCJ)
(i)L,,t Hlu- ~~ -
B
~ fa( BC,: flC-:::118
:.AH.L8 c .. . ... (IJ ,
JJB:: ZJC :. :J)H...L Be ... tZJ
F.nvtr1U} ,(ZJ . BC ..L pl-... ll:DH, C Lf.{-..f ix X
:/'le x ) Nl x ... HN c
x ..Be .J.. NN
.. tf:P _i_,,~ hx
.. lZJ,
AB' .... IU3 ..LM H

..L
MDC
c ... Lii> xc
J_
1>
X'(:Z
,
J:Jt_,
U),(2.) :. XL
7i!X<-...-PU>MI
11'! ..LX L ... (2)

f/n-t.
n'f:z
"'
lie
BL::::IU
11/.J :11C 1 L i4
ae.
~J..p~a(/lc
. . . (I) , A RffL :a AB ML (ML

A
.W
,/\.
=BL,,11/'1 ::::81'1) ..11t(l1LB)::::-m(l'fLI./)

.. c2J:.
.Lpltt..L llBC
@). i8 ..L e.a.dt "'HN,rJH
....- -
:. As J.. pl4ML rtNH
..,..,.
. HL// 8/J
pl~
.-. HL L
MNH :.HL.l..NH
@ : I, k
B
_::!i'. "'""'-pof..~ '!f. llC.18C
f.W..
_::_ ' " // 198, lll.4o
O/f //l'JB
.. r1< // o~ .. .(tJ , 11'4tt
Ill<~ (7..J
.. _ As L
pJth<L
_.,.._~,r
. AB .L 1.ac./, "(. 8c, B'JJ
pl~ Be:/) .: lk.L

T"k.J.. k R ... C3)
~ ... .:i ~
~
8C]) .-.
FJ1_, OJ ,fzJ , (3) :.
I I< RO .i4 a.JllLC./4,,,J/~.

A
@.- x,y (JALJ.U~

p~f;
"1118 J IJC
:. X'i. //BC J XY=.f:Bc .. aJ D

A/Ao L:z// BC, L-:z.:.J:BC '-2.J
.. Xl // L:z 7 X'l = L:z. . C3J
/IUfl XL// 'J.Z ?XL=Y.z . .(LJJ,
XL=
t /IP' x'f =i BC.' l/P=BC
:. XL:::: .X'f (5J.>': ,4D.Lef.4NL.8c:p

.
:. j(l.L plo-t.. 8C]) .. XL.1 LZ . (bJ:.X'iZL.i..iA,.,,...
12 1
--- -- -
r;:;::z:...._.c.H.LX>Do.LX
~ ..CH /I I>O . .So
~ 1~ a.pl"'""-!ilw.l.eh X tLf Ho ,
- CD llX.. CD/IOH
,q/Ao c'DllAB
. lf01/Ji8
x.rz:.D ,h.~c,,f, .-tk- at
X1>, '{;z .-.. XVJJ-:fz
IJ'4o f'llkc.. AB 'i X //pl"""'- DCZ a-J ~ f~

xy-z.1) .;,.,.Ww..t.ct; ~ a..f XY' "DZ .. X'fl/Dz
.t.---~'11 :. XYZ I> iA a c:7 r4-'
@: 118111X.'
'1. x //'J)C
.. ABllYx --a~
: AB= -:DC, YX:"DC
. j:j8 'f X - .:_J2),
c1)..L~dAD,
YD x....:;;_____...;:;.,..,
- .LpI4".f-. ll'iD
. C'.D
. ABJ..plQM.C.A':i'.P .. AB ..LA'f ... l3) I
Fntnn (/ J 1 (Z J >(3) : . A Y X 8 ~ ~n ..u ra...,J ~ 1
.. H, N ()ILL ~ ~-f~ "'( /-JC. 1 Ye.. /1Nl//IY,
cpl#fft. ll'f XB .-. MW 11pl-.... /J"f XB
l'1
AY
@: tflJ, LB
Ahl.
@) : llD J.. pla....c..

.-.
AD .L J>C ,
13l>C
..,_
_., c.~-.--~
AX II 1JC : . AD-1AX ".111
.. ,.qp.L BD .. .(2..):.AI>-'4..zk....4.1.cn.&.,t
4/a... u. lu'twa+. AX ,
BD
1-----------------
I EXERCISE ( 6) I
..L
p/4-L A/JCJ)
.: HIJ 11LBr.llDl/BC
:. pllllttA-llHD!/f'tJM1..BLC
"""J ...cup.I~ x
"'c-.------'I:...
~ Wwu.ld ~ a.f11D, Le ..
11 LC. ... . ..w
- X .-. AB//){
. . 118 II 'iJc, 'DCC:
a...J .ri.t. p-/IJh&A..'
sc.i<i
ABL/'1 ~lihA.t.efiJ X tJ.t ML .-. AB //ML
ZifL ?'''/ "( /IB """ X ,
. f5C. //NL - .. (ZJ L111)C .ha. c::71'14.-:::.A8c ~Jh a.ryk 4f'.~.
/3_.._....,.C:
o
tr( .4C. (fH x .. <tn(llBtJ:fj ...._......_ _,~_ _.f.i:,.;....a.
~
= "2I .. ,,_,(//BC)
:60 ,
Bfl 1 110 .L ../h..
Ac ::: 2 8' s..-... 6,; = 14 Y3 c..,.., .
JUC. /it,,,.Jl-e.11 BCD
.. B H 11/J o ,
D""-----~
nv
(i)n,,a.w1'C..Lx ..
@ -.-
/IC //AD
fl'71L H BC//plDM..oAD
a..J Lh.. pl~ x;...Wiuc..h
c
aa.t HC 7 o]) .-. HC /lo']) .. . (J J ,
:t.
i.
1.
(HC) == 6 + B =loo .-. HC.::ltJ =oD . . lzJ 1
: "1B ..L tt>.~ % BC , B H . A 8 .L. pId,,..._ HBC. ,
<- 1> //ll8 .. CD ..L pI0.-C.. /-I BC. _.. c. D.L CH ... (3)
(I J,CZ J >(3) :. CD DH.h a .11.J!..ctA,,..r ws'ti

~a.u a...UL =OH XHC -:=.7 X/t> = ?o "-.,_
f"1t.1rr1
r:;::::;....
'-::.!..) /IX , 8'{
...L.pl12oo.
ABC~ ..AX I/BY,
FlD//BC :. p/_,_ XAD
// pl.-.'{ BC a-A tlu. p{w 8 .:;._----'.
41\L
MH .l.pfa-.AB<;?
.-. M H.l.AN,NH.LBM,
._. Af1=-Bf1, !1H c.a-.-""
. AAM H :aJ18t1H
ca::::;:..--~-.::::s.tl
.-. AH= Bf/,._. AM -"'
36
&., f"''/ I( AH '"' .lk p/"':4 '!f /Ucfi>.rjk
:. ""' flI/If ~ Ji,. c-;!~ a(Mfe,. "( AH-,tJ.,.. "-- J
2
. (/iC )i.::: (15) +06) 2 -Ac:::: 31e-.:.14,,e:

~-- --m(H~tfJ ::: 4S
1#-=- I
t.
]?'.>
@n..,o~) iAMJ""/411. ~ I ./i, ~ UJU -.c. ~

'-Jrl a( ud = L ,~~ li.tijlrl c
.. AH=C.~:15S4...IJ =25Xi =2.0'-,

<2sj't=(l.JBJ 1+02i'-+(2.oJ?..
@ .: cc .L btWL Aecp
. /JC
fl'H
IJ8= 'f c...
:::#
.i-o ~J,c FVJf #(/JC
.;1, .c::.cAc;.., ..lXi. a..16.
13 _ __._,,.
'( ~. o( Ac ""~.. """"~~ ..Lf3=12fl..L=t2e,.,.,

/
L.
,qc .h ~ dt.~al"(.4c.
B. L
~ 19$ CZJ . ,L/C = t2 Y2 .. 4:r;J(c~c J=iM%- U
12q-3
0 .0' 44 Ji.t. """d..pt "'- c----i1--.,ri

BC,. llB=AC .. AN..L.Bc,
///\/': Ac ~lo= loxC!= 51'3 4>t

""?-
pno/ 6( flN ~ .i.f1 <11'ii~
a.,f of ,u,&4-;.." llN01.1f,

ta...oNA>= is =13
c
"'
. .,,, ( ANJ)
5if.
=
6t>
..""' "f ~'4. ,s... (l'fkJ =

.~ liM (l'fAN J =ff= V2:
-t = ~'!" ='l
R
@ .: H .. ..rJA. -:Ctl-t!_"'BD,
\~,;
i,o~I
.A BC 1)
AMJIAleJ-,,
H .ff ./h. .,,.i,l.pf. "(81)
I>
IJS=AD :.AH..J..BD ... ,w
-ft-
.?._
.. cH :::f BD =SH, AB: /IC.,
z.
; flfl..L Oda .-:_ /./I/ M ,i4 ../'J,,.
.&
..2L"-=3'1.
:. 2.L2 : 3(.lfff)i.... L:.12 e,..,

7'
11.U .d... CM.fiu o( b44L &.. '" .a..
.,,...~ii>' Ali .i.o d.. F'f/: of Aiti :. ..:.11/IN.;,. .do
qf\.-a
It.Sf'
\le,,.
~,[H- '1- -
ll
I
c;
~H ,u ,,_,,,,,, : . .A AHB Ll AHC .-.,,.(llfteJ:111f/l~llJ

A :'16:.AH..J...Hc. 1
(IJ ..fiH..Lp/..,_ Bc7>,iiZ..U
.J':U. pnc/ of AC. .. ~ Ac H .ff .Z.U. "'""/1' 6',i.,,J,;.,.. *t
f}c.., ... (8DJ'":61+.l,_=/fJO . B1> :lfJ c:... '-CH= 5 e...,
-11-
(.4Nf= /32- 5-i =lit.It.. IJH:/2.r-:.
IA.(/I~):
t: =-4
EXERCISE ( 7)
. .- U
..L p /.....,,_ AB<:_ H C. .i. ..z.h. P-'>'/: o(. ~1> 1

. HD .J.. AB . HC ..L/98. HC :/IC.s,,;.,.'o
w:2t>J<i[. :/(Jl'J '-> .2)C...i HC ..(H1>J1=t5'm)1+1/otf}
123
x NY
@ : rwJ.p/a,u
.
.... f:.'"'f-...:f
:.!:k'....L M'f
Tk '
: . W1<.J.. tfY . Jl?uo Wz
"1
: 19s
: (ADJ'l.
=(ABJ4+(8CJ~(cDl
1
: z
:D
~---+..--,I
.iA
Ju
P.Mj-
&
M br----,i.-...J~
o11 w;u-1&.o,
~~ ""/'~c-4;,. h ..r::... TNW,
c.-.
col.ttzj<IMJ'( -4..t- ~;
Sfi
= 70
--
1)J7aar B
~
1.D
MX :. JVzLHX,
tl/U.
@ 'J).JUUV lltl- L
(j)n~ nH . ... iiC-_Lx

..CH-"" Jb f'J'i?/"f
;\ )
"=fi .-. ,,,(rnw ::'15
fl
btUt. B CD
__,.
!!._ , C Al, 'IJ'!_
J)
/lJ .inlVute)" CD, 8D, 8~
~X_,_~--1---1
. . :DH ..i.a ,z;.,,_ pn.41/ oC ff H

0')1 Y, : f1H.J..11B:.DHlRB
:.. nc J... w.c.J.

t1C
.._ ~ K /'1 z
trn X : .
6t> =5 c.... 1 kl'f /l)CQ'J 6o=5-=Zf1

a..-"'t"a;u. ;: /l'1 .io a,_ p-'f41: "( T/'f
A vll ....Nt1
. lcr;>( T/"frv - r11
f'-'Ui "( AC .. 13C .J... CD

: C]) l.. pl-.... AISC
11H G?i X , . c H .l.fl B

f1-H .L llB , : MD .LY B
ff =lt><=n
IV.1'1 =s fi.
../-/c.Lc.D ,._.ec..ia~
v.i
oA/. _o-f ~
...L -k N .. ll""'r-
P~/tMwk11:z
..L b44.c_ As ...L 8c
:. {/IBJ-z.+ 18c/1-::::.(l/C) 2 1
. (/f:J)}-z.= ( llC)'l.+(c..I))
..L
{:z. '. T:z.
: :Zff
... WI<;,, ../k.
o./- X, '{, z.....:_ -. l/N .l.. ~41144
:>t
~
..AN .1. C.D; 118.l. c']) _
c
. C'f> .J. p (~ 11.BN , 8X c .fii, p-/""" CJ) .1. BX . Aho c.. y j_ B:D . DZ .Lac
. Be -1. p-1~ A ND, AD c. ~ pl~: .8c.J..Af;
<r{ t1111 MS
.LpA~ MA 8
. .ND i.o Jk f"l"i ~ 2i>,
EXERCI SE ( 8)
CD<i) llnm' :~~ ot4'- ~ Ju.(i;u.,

/iqo ~ .L ~of k.Wwu./!,,. "1'.6.t 4>op/._
: NI> J... 118 c.:D ..Lf1 B
..ABl..p#a.....c.c.MD
J,U 1r! i-4 C/111~,.;,., &. i"pla-..) ~ o-1.MA. AA

IJL Lplo........ LMN :. DLJ.MH, L W~MH
\.!._): . NH ..L p I"--'- X>LN , ~ HO ;,,, ~cW
tO\ ...
ro
Au.. Ut.
'JJLN 1
pnf of-th ,i,.,,d;.....J no

t10 ..L'JJN .. HO
J.. DN
trtr..lk ~
c.,..
~ H. Ji,.. 2'!.6 p!-.L-.
<i:~ ~J: BJ~ .i..FIL ~.f/1.~ /'/.._ ~

WI) JY,,fhf.:J : 11 ~ 4..... O"llL a{ ..th.,, .L UL o~ f4-_
{iVJ v' ( vJWilmj: .L t.U. 3!tlp/~ ""'-d 11of //
0 :
llD ~ pltk<A. A~c _

.:. 48 v.r .ZM. f'J7"j. "'/ IJB ,
5"
I
D"';C .- '"""'
I Be
C~~---r--;;1c
. : A-8 _,_
1:n..
..wo-i.- ...::. ,4 B]) ;,,, a f &-. a,..F_
~
of~ dil...t.druz/ ""'Ju ( t>- Bl.-IJ >~'
13
=ltJtJ :. ZJB=lb'-
~ (AB D) =/} -= t ... ''1 (J9BJ)) =30.
. C1J8J?..;:: a~Y. - <24f
..
E4cJ ..-f& t;.i o p/44t.u ABC, "D8C .l..p/AMIJfJD
~c.(UUA.. tad C#>tt4i.w Sl ~ .ia
..L p14.o..(. A DB
124
@). 11t:o '"'...! p!A..L -.1~

q-( (~A-BC-D)
8
.-. llH ...LBC, 1>HJ..BC.
..BC .l. pt....L /11)H, : -ac /4
CtM ~ h JI.,.. p/llfd.- BCD
:.pk.... BCD .L p/4<t<J.- /-J:DH, /IC:IJB 1 ~
Afl...L SC .. fl;,.,~ -wri/-pJ. '(BC;: DH.l.Bc.
(j) : 11!!_ =/IC.2. '[).id Ji.,. mHJ..rf. Bc

_
.. AD ..L BC ,
/1IJ .L p1""'1.L 118c
.. fJD ,M ,th. pn"/ <rt /1D

A
1'1.D .L BC. . ?rt(A 1JN)
A
(/I-BC
- N), ?r1(8)
66"
. llD ltJSi-. {t) = ,.-~ c-
::::?'11
:. ~ 11t11
.. f111 .l.
=:; =
11.d."'(. AS
;1~ ~er/.( B-
~ .._,<l'1ii1v =3;,
;~ .-. ~ BA1) ~ tL
AM- I>) 7?H(BRD) ::::30 >
._. A/1 C-(/YI~!_..;,.., "-"-J. "/~ pl"-Ui f1t1B,

/'f/11), tMC~ A/ti ..Lpl~ ABC :. Elld. v{.~
:JJ.8:::: :DC .
125
1111/'I, 11 llC , lltf J.. ,.I.-. A /J' u.4 -{~
p/""""4 J..p /"""'- llBC , : 13/J .l. !iC 1 411 .J...Jili
. 81} ..1... pl'-- llf'IC, u.cl.<( /'fll8, C IUJ c.t1t1~BA

.. ,u/. ef4.I- ...L../'.l~A/'fc.
@r.u. ~ u-.ro t>f JN- :D

P'f'U'-"-u
&...J'i a...JuJ =f c..., o,;,, Zk
.J
AA
AIU.
-mi/-p/'. e'f CJ)
"
~"""
. 80
J.. C'J)
"
"
.. &J : '/s.i..66.=1z:/!j)
C
tto=-f BtJ =~ f3 , /l(J:: Bo = { t3 c-, .tacJ,o{ Bo,AO
/
~{8C])) ::-oO
..L CD :. A61'1 .V-i a.f14rcA. a.:_~'1,<~A - Ci>-8),
@ii ...LB D , l/C =BD= 1212.

_ :AN ...Lb":.-. I} t1,;,,, ~
Nl'f
'1)
~---+i~
/M'/ r(
AH...LBD
. . fr'tYLBD,Atf=~fi,
L.. F/ N
iA a pk.,. 4-t/~
-
C"-----~(g
';
1'2.C-
7(~N-;.BD-IJ) t 14...~nN ~-m :d

.. ?'1'f(Al'fN) ::Its' tt:teh"'f BA ,l n11 .Ljj/'f
.. ~ 81/tl M a.p~ ~U..~(.C:B-14N- N ),
..;~ -m.1.44/VlL
= 4s ' : AN-1.. 81J .>Ac ..LBD

.-. BP ..L pl~ ANC. , 81J .io CQ>Jiai-..L} i..pla...A- NBD
.. p/u,.q.. N BP ..L p.14-ANC.
~E:: l'fC ..!.1J ~_

_ mH/_pt. '/'BC ..::.:_11.D.LBC.,
11!1 .L ucl. "'l 1181 ifC
/tiff .L ptt1rtf, N 8 C
' II"'
.. 111J .iA ~ ~-
C.c;.._
. +-+-r-~B
"( F/1) .-. llZJ..L 8C
1J
.. L.J/1Jt1 ~ tLf'la-e. a..tJI... trj(..t::::.A - '& - ttJ,

(8C)..,_=H 1+'i'1.. 8C.=8r'c-. ZJH = 4fi t:.-.
:. r.,., 11 :011 416 f i .. ?'I? { /lf.tJ 6tl '
1-YT .
_ /.
/11'1 J_ ucJ'( l'fB ' /1JJ . L.. B/'f:J) -14 a r-4*<
~o( (~ 8-An - "JJ) ,,,:~ ~44P.IU- ='ts ,
B/11iud"(/"!/l 7
/'fC ..
BffLp/o-a. Attc ,
8t1,,;,, emt~;..., ~/'/(IAcl.. /.181(
~. I' /tln<L /I B l'1 ..1... pl 4'4,1. A f'1C
(>/If
../...
If
. ctn(//tJ -/'1)= O,t:/

:. ?rl
{A of1 J=1oSJ ,1111-'- J
A
ud. of 11c., ffl) : . .,.. ( Cl'f1)) -h .:t pl,,__ -a~ -t
( L.. c - 1>) a..J Jo ?>t.lA4ll/l.L .'4 120 .
AN
&ad 6(-t:k pl~ ,'Jlt1)/Jf1C' 1-JN'D cn.llu:n.olltr,

/.111J.. pla-LBc ]) . . EA ci"'( .r.k- .1.. pl"-- 8 (. p
M
126
801. OH
Bo ..L f'-la-c.. AoH,
: Bo cpl.-.. Bo H .. pla...1.BO H J..plo-e AoH
@:Sc = 81J..!..H;,, -4
-mi.rl-pi: of c 1J
.; L!!f ..L CV . 19k
'.1)
;t/H ..l CD
... CD 1. pl4MA-A8H'
CD c p.IOM.L BCD
.-. pl/MA- Bc.D Lpk.llBH ,
~
.,C.fl/.113 i4 ap./-.,_ a...9'4. "((.4.A- CD-8)
:.?n(l/;8)
:6ti, ._. U1fl)z.:U3Jz.-(5}z=
144
:= 12 e;.w
: Ao c. plOML. A 8 H 1 c Z> ...L p.et.L..L A a H

:. c'J).l.Ao, -.:BNL Ao
~ ... tflJ !1C .:. 11D J_ /IC 1

'\:::!)
A.
;'?ll(ABC.) =9o :.BD=/AC to
::: De , /1 B =/1 c,
l"fJJ
..AO .L pl(JM.L. BC])'

Ao=l1H.s:.i:..60 :12xt'f:::: 6fic.-.
r-""
.-. A tflJC. ::: t::,,f1DB

A
11
.,,., (l't.VB) ::::_,.,,(l"f:tJ C)
=fo .. tfl> _LplilcL I/BC ,

11.D c u .. d t7fp/~
p./a...c.L tfDB ..:..
fi4c.f
--
JJJ/4'11
{f}iy.-.t Ac nBD = t Hf
8 ff c.. IJH=4fi ' .. 11H ...Lan , fiHio
:u,.,_.J:..'9
s;;,,.,_ _ _ __
'i vi-; I
' !'
....... ..,_ ~
I( /-1
:. A H ..L ~
~""
.. ..::::: 11H11 AA a. p1...,,.
c'c.L 8 D ,
::. v-21
'tff
C
BcAcl-BD .. B'D .L pl4-Acc", BDc
B DDB .. plt.kt.L BDDtf .1. r1~
@ 1J.m::uv 1711
: . /1 ,k Ek. ?ffl(J_pl: 1 /l!J
])AAW
M .. 0/"f ~
,PAil cf, /-/ I'/

. Ci1 J..11a
trn
,Jk_
: ..c. ON H ,,;.,., 4 f'J.e-.
f'1
~ of
~tbJ~i'iulu.. x ''(
"7
:. 011::: ffHun61 ""

.. In .tll(OB; '"1
a. rl"'nL
.L.48
z . ~1
~.I.a abJ11.L tit, CJ;J AM'J -i../Vw.u,(d ~ a.i

L,N,11 . llB .1 ttt.d.""' ML ,J.. N ,
C,V..L ,_a.cl, Ii'( 11L 1 t1N
1 oH.l. 1.4.Cho(. NL,ffit
,t/~ L, N1 11 ML pl~ a...~ of A'A.t.
'41'.'ilnd ~3tu b1.~ 4 4..u. ,.,11thrU ,
1 H, 11 MA- 4e. ~k "'t ~ Aiu.'-jJ. l /'11(
.. fitt. ,1Ui;nf ";('~ ~ = I fJo
~% <..::lf-B"D-t1J
t,J,,,. A H'}:("-:: ..!.
-, -- J&IB II !Z
118//C.1)
/Jt4!1 i ,l/B II OH
c 1> /I oH
A,,.,
AC-:::
@:..!" nz =tD,
IV
MECHANICS
127
128
First: Statics
Friction
Problems ol Body Equilibrium on a Rough Plane:
(1)
A body of 13.Skg.wt is placed on a horizontal rough plane and the friction coefficient
between them is ~ A
wt is a horizontal
acted on the body and it is still in
equilibrium state. Prove that the body is not about to start motion, and that the force of
friction is equal to~ of its limiting value.
6
(2)
A body of 45kg.wt is placed on a horizontal rough plane and the friction coefficient
between them is~ 113. Find:
3
a. The magnitude of the least horizontal force to make the body about to move.
b. The magnitude and the direction of the resultant reaction.
(15 v3, 30 v3 kg. wt., 30' with the vertical)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
A body of 16kg.wt is placed on a horizontal rough plane and the friction coefficient
between them is 1/4. Find:
a. The least force acting on the body inclined to the horizontal plane at an angle whose
Cos is 3/5 so that the motion is about to start.
b. The magnitude and the direction of the resultant reaction.
(5, 3 v17kg.wt, tan e =1/4)
A body of mass 60 grams is placed on a horizontal rough plane, and the angle of friction
between the body and the plane is 30. Find:
a. The least horizontal force to move the body
b. The least force inclined to the horizontal at 30 that is sufficient to move the body.
(20'13, 30gm.wt)
A body of mass 24 kg is placed on a horizontal rough plane and a horizontal force of
Bkg. wt acted on it so that the motion is about to start. Find: The least force acting on
the body inclined to the horizontal plane at an angle equals 45 which is sufficient to
move the body.
{V2kg.wt)
A body of 40kg.wt is placed on a horizontal rough plane, a force acted on it of 20kg.wt
in a direction inclined to
horizontal at on angle whose tan is 3/4. Find: the force of
friction. And if this force
to be
wt so that the motion is about to begin,
find the coefficient
{16kg.wt, 4/5)
A body of 48 Newton
rough plane. The body is about to move
when a horizontal
on it. Find the coefficient of friction. If this
force is changed
it became inclined to the horizontal plane at
such
129
(8)11
an angle whose tan equals 3/4 and the body is still in an equilibrium state, find the
coefficient of friction and investigate whether or not the motion is about to begin.
(3/8, 10.8, No)
A body of mass 36 kg.is placed on a horizontal rough plane, and 11 force
72kg.wt
acted on it that makes with the plane an angle of 30 downwards so that it is about to
move. Find the coefficient of friction between the body and the plane, and the
magnitude and direction of the resultant reaction.
1
(z- v3, 36 v7 kg. wt)
(9)a
A body of mass 60kg is placed on a horizontal rough plane, a force of a 30kg. wt acted
on it in a direction inclined to the horizontal at an angle e, so that it is about to slide,
and then a force of 60kg. wt. acted on it in an opposite direction to the first force, so that
it is about to slide also. Find the coefficien t of friction and find the angle e.
(~ '\/3, 30)
(10)
A body of mass 26gm. is placed on a horizontal rough plane, the body is about to move
under the action of two forces of magnitudes 7 and 8 gm. wt. acting horizontally on the
body and the angle between them is 60 . Find the an gle of frictio n between the body
and the plane.
1
(Tan 0-)
{ll)m
z
A body of mass 75gm is placed on a horizontal rough plane, and the coefficient between
the body and the plane is~. Two equal fo rces act on the body horizontally and the angle
3
between them is 120 so that the motion is about to start. Find the magnitude of the
two forces.
{2Sgm.wt)
{12)11 A body of 1kg. wt is placed on
a horizontal rough plane; the body is acted upon by two

perpendicular forces of magnitudes 0.5 and W kg. wt. acted on the body so that the
body is about to move. If the angle of friction between the body and the plane is 30,
Find:
a. The force of friction between the body and the plane.
b. The value of W, and if this value is increased find the direction in which the body will
start to move.
1
1
( '\/3, '1/3 kg. wt)
(13)11
A body of 5kg.wt is placed on a horizontal rough plane, two horizontal fo rces of

magnitudes 10 and W kg.wt. and the angle between them 150. Find the least value of
W that is sufficient to make the body moves and the direction in which the body will
move, given that the angle of friction equals 45.
(S v3, 60 with the first force )
(14) A body of weight W is placed on a horizontal rough plane and the friction coefficient
between them is Tan A, it is pulled with a string in a direction inclined to the horizontal
at an angle e, if the body is about to slip. Prove that the tension equals = W Sin A Sec (e
- A).
130
Problems of Body Equilibrium on an inclined rough plane:
(15) A body of 25kg. wt is placed on a rough plane inclined to the horizontal at angle whose
(16)
(17)
sin is 3/5, given that the coefficient of friction between the body and the plane equals
1/5. Find the least force acting on the body parallel the plane to prevent sliding.
(llkg.wt)
A body of mass 10 kg. is placed on a plane inclined at 30 'to the horizontal, and the
body is about to slide down. Find the force acting on the body parallel to the plane that
makes it about to move up the plane.
(lOkg.wt)
A body of mass 26 kg is placed on a rough plane which is
to the horizontal with
12
an angle whose Sine
It is noticed that if a
acts on the body in the
direction of the greatest slope upwards, it
to move up the plane.
Find the coefficient of friction.
(.:)
5
(18) A body of weight 65 Newton is placed on a rough plane which is inclined to the
5
(19)
And the coefficient of friction between the

horizontal with an angle whose tangent is
body and the plane is 1/3. A force of magnitude 9 Newton acts on the body parallel to
body is in equilibrium state. Find the
the line of the greatest slope upwards, so that
magnitude and direction of friction's force and state whether it is its limiting value or
so that the
not. Mention the change that should happen to the magnitude
body is about to move.
(16 newton upwards, if the magnitude is decreased to 5 Newton)
A body of 150 gm. wt. is placed on a rough plane that's inclined at an angle 30 to the
13
horizontal and the friction coefficient between them is . A force of 112 gm. wt. is acts
5
on the body parallel to the line of the greatest slope
body is still in
equilibrium. Find the magnitude and the direction of the force of friction in this case.
Determine is it the limiting magnitude or not, & mention
change that should happen
to the magnitude of the force so that the body is about to move up the plane.
increased to 120 gm. wt.)
(37 gm. wt. downwards, No, the force magnitude should
(20) A body of 380gm. wt is about to slide under the action of weight, when placed on a
rough plane inclined to the horizontal at an angle of tangent 1/4. If the body is placed
on a horizontal plane with the same roughness as the inclined plane and a tension force
acts on the body inclined to the horizontal at an angle of Sin 3/5 upwards, so that the
motion is about to start. Find the magnitude of the force and the normal reaction.
(100, 320gm.wt)
(21) A body is placed on a rough plane that's inclined to the horizontal at an angle of
measure e. If it is known that the body is about to slide downwards under the action of
its weight, prove that e is equal to the angle of friction between
body and the plane.
""" And also prove that the magnitude of the least force parallel to
greatest
slope can make the body move upwards is equal to {2W Sine); where Wis the weight of
the body.
131
(22 ) A body of 18kg.wt placed on rough inclined plane. It is noticed that the body is about to
slide down when the plane is inclined to the horizontal at on angle 60. If the inclination
of the plane to the horizontal is to be decreased to 30. Find the magnitude of the force
of friction &, calculate the least force acting on the body parallel to the line of the
greatest
that prevents the body from sliding.
(9, 18kg.wt)
(23) A body of 10kg. wt is placed on an inclined rough plane. When the plane is inclined to
the horizontal at on angle 30, the body is about to slide down . If the inclination of the
plane to the horizontal is to be increased to 60, calculate the least force acting on the
body parallel to the line of the greatest slope:
a. To prevent sliding.
b. To make the motion about to begin upwards.
(~ '1/3,
0
2
3
v3kg.wt)
(24) A rough plane inclined to the horizontal at an angle whose Cosine is 5/13, a body of
weight 65 kg. wt. is placed on the plane. A force parallel to the line of the greatest slope
acts on the body, given that the coefficient of the friction equals 2/5. Find the limits
between which the acted force lies so as to make the body in on equilibrium state.
(50, 70kg.wt)
(25)11
A body of 500 gm. wt. is placed on a rough plane inclined to the horizontal at an angel
of measure 0, such as Tan 0 =4/3. The body is then attached to a string passing over a
smooth pulley at the top of the plane and a scale pan of 25 gm. mass is attached to the
other end of th e string. If the least weight to be added to the pan to keep the body in
equilibrium is 175 gm. wt. Find the coefficient of friction & then prove that the
maximum weight that can be added to the pan without disturbing equilibrium is 575
gm.wt.
(26) A body of l Okg.wt is placed on a rough plane inclined to the horizontal at an angle of
30. Th e body is connected to a string passing over a smooth pulley up the plane parallel
to the line of the greatest slope. When a body of 8 Kg. wt. is hanging from the other end
of the string, the body becomes about to move up the plane. If this weight is replaced by
another weight of W, the body is about to move down the plane. Fin d:
a. The coefficient of friction
b. The magnitude of W
(~'113,
(27)
2Kg.wt}
A body of 5kg. wt is placed on a rough plane inclined to the horizontal at an angle of

measure 0. ft is found that if a force of magnitude 3 Kg. wt. acts on the body upwards
parallel to the line of the greatest slope, the motion is about to start up the plane, and if
a force of magnitude 2 Kg. wt. acts on the body upwards parallel to the line of the
greatest slope, the body is about to
Find:
a .. the value of 0
b. the coefficient of friction

(30 I ~v3}
15
(28 ) A body of 150 gm. wt. is placed on a rough plane inclined to the horizontal at an angle
of measure 0 . The body is then attached to a string passing over a smooth pulley at the
132
133
{35) A body of 3Kg.wt is placed on a rough plane inclined to the horizontal at an angle of
measure 30 so it is about to slide down. If the inclination of the plane to the horizontal
becomes 60. Find the magnitude of the force acting in the direction of the line of the
grea test slope that m akes the body about to move downwards. And if this force is
replaced by another horizontal force, prove that its magnitude will be equal to that of
the first force.
(v3Kg.wt)
(36) A body of 8 Kg. wt. is placed on a rough plane inclined at angle 45 to the horizontal. It
(37)
(38)
is noticed that the magnitude of the least horizontal force that can act on the body and
keeps it in equilibrium is 4 Kg. wt. Fin d:
a. the coefficient of friction
b. the maximum value of this force
(1/3, 16Kg.wt)
A body of weight "W" is placed on a rough plane inclined at angle e to the horizontal.
And the angle of friction between the body and the plane is "L". Prove that the
magnitude of the force "F" acting in the direction of the line of the greatest slope
upwards and prevent the body from sliding equals: W Sin {G-L) Sec L.
A horse is pulling a stone with a rope along a road tha t's inclined upwards to the
horizontal at an angle H while the rope is inclined to the road at an angle of measure
e given that the angle of friction between the road and the stone equals L and that
the horse is about to move the stone. Pro ve that the magnitude of the tension in the
rope is at its minimum when G=L and calculate this magnitude when the mass of the
stone equals 1000 kg, H+L = 35.
0
(574kg.wt)
{39)11
Two bodies of weights 3 & 4 kg. wt., connected with a light string coincide on the line of
the greatest slope of a rough inclined plane, the coefficients of friction between the 2
bodies and the plane respectively are 1/3 and 1/2. If the measure of angle e between
the plane and the horizontal is increasing gradually, determine which of the bodies will
be placed under the other so as the two bodies start to move together, and mention the
reason. Then prove that Tan e = 3/7 when the two bodies are about to slide together.
0
134
ill..11..: If II
II = 7
30, Find:
(2) . Ifjj
of AB,
Scalar & Vector Product
135
___...
.........
(i) The algebraic p roj ection of BD in the direction of each of BC, AB
__....
(ii) AB BD.
...._
..\
[6 ,- 4.6 ,- 40.61
A
lo
...>.
(8). : lfA=4 i -3 j , B= 12 i + 5 } , find :

_.. _,,,
(i) Cosine the minor angle between A , B .
......
....:..
(ii) The algebraic projection of B in the direction of A .

-
33
....>..
l -
(ii) The vector component of B in the direction of A .

(9)
/,;"~
= v3 i- 2 j
: If A
=-
).
i +3
{!J,A.
v3 j,
132 .A
99 "
25
25
, 6.6, - i - -JI
65
find :
....>..
(i) Measure of the minor angle between A- , B.
.......
(ii) The vector component of B in the direction of
_,._
......
A.
.......
(iii) The vector component of B in a direction
J_
to A .
A
r:;:;.
r:;:J.
[150" ,-3 i + 2 yJj' 2 i + -y3JI

(10)
: If A = (2 ,-9), B
= (-
7, 3) , fi nd each of the algebraic and vector component of the
vector :
-""
V
(11)
.A
=5 i + BJ
: If A
51 /\
68 A
[3.4 ,- - i + -JI
in the direction of AB .
= (-3, 1),
AB~ a nd t he perpend'icu lar to AB~.

.
.
t he d irectwns
....:..
(12)
: If the algebraic component of A

....JI,,
(1 3)
=i
25
25
=9 i- 2 J in ea.ch of
(5, 7) . Find the vector component of F
l _24 i~ + -18J~, _21 i-:- 5
_.5
+ 3 j in the direction of B
51.
=3 i + m j
equals 3 ,
-a...
-:ii..
28J11
i
5
-:..
find the value of m, and A 0 B , and the vector component of A in the direction ofB.
' 9 A 12J.
{4' 16' - i + -ii
5
5
A
~ ~
: If C is a unit vector p erpendicular to each of a , b , () is the measure of the minor
...)I,.
.....
......
-:..
angle between a , b , find the product a X b in each of the following cases :

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
If ct
If
II
l II =
tr -a-11
BN
13N ,
.......
II b II
.....
= 4.5m
II b II = 6m
8 = 60".
= 90" .
= 150.
-I.
II b II = 15m
40gm .wt
JI.
[18 Y C, 78 C, 300 CJ
A
. . . . ..... .......
: If C is a unit vector perpendicular to each of a , b , 11 a If= 4.5 N, II b 11 = 32 m ,
~
(14)
...
...
a 0 b = 72
&r-;:
1 3 N.
..a...
_..
meter. Find a x b .
[72CJ
137
A
(24) .
c x (b
:; ;
=
x
x
(26)
(28)
(29)
(30) .
(31)
(32)
+j
Scalar & Vector Product
138
(3.""""5_.)'!!!!!.-:If
a=
_..
i + 4j
_..
"
c =i-2j , prove that:
= 3i-j
3 ...,. . ..... ........

A
') 2 .............
(b G)c) a x (a 0 c) b = 78 k.
5
7
(ii) (a 8 CJ
b """ (a x bj 0
(4
(36)
.....
: If a
= i +' 2 j
a x
=8N
tr +/la
ll
b = 3 i + 4j
-.tr..
prove
(38)
..db>~
=b
(a
JI.
= 2i + 7j
~....Jio..~
8 <f)-c (a 8 b)
II b ll = 5 meters , prove that :
b 11 2 = 1600 Netwon - meters.

: If the force
= -4 i/I + 2jA is parallel to the force
3 _..
_...
A
A
,.,._
2
F 2 =a i + bj
, F 1 0 F2 = 8 ,
find values of a, band the algebraic
3
2.~
component
[2, 3, - v 13 J
3
vectors
=2 iA + 3jA
A
A
A
=3 i + mj , find values L, m, which satisfy that:
Li+
_:...,
-..:....
x F1 + P2 x F2
_:...,
0 .
[3 ,-6]
[~........M- o.....m_e=n.....t ==V-e==c=t=o==r=s=o==f-=F=o=r=-ce-=s===--]
139
(1)
_....
: If the force F
=2 i
= (i
- 3 j acts at the point A
, 5) Find the moment vector of the
forceF:
J\
(First) About the origin point.

_..
=4i
: The force Fi
(Second) About the point (4, 3)
[ -13k' 6 kl
+ 5 j acts at the point A= (- 3 , 2), and the force F2 = -i + 2j

acts at the point B = (4 , 1). Find the sum of moment vectors of Fi , F......2 about the
"
[-14 kl
origin point.
-
: The force F =-2 i + j acts at the point A
=(7 , 4) . Find the moment vector of F~about
the origin point (0) , then calculate the length of the perpendicular drawn from the
point (0) to the line of action of F.
...._
[15
k, 3{5units]
_._
: The force F = 4 i-3} acts at the p oint A= (5 , 8). Find the moment vector of F about
=(3, 5), then calculate the length of the perpendicular drawn from (B) to
the point B
the line of action of F.

_....
l-18 k 3.6 cm]
_,.,
: The force F 1 = 3 i-7 j acts at the origin "point (0) , and the force F2 =-3 i + 7 j acts at
the point A= (6, iJ. Proue that the moment vector of Fi about A equals the moment
vector of F 2 about (0).

_._
(6)
point B
=i
: The force F
+ 3 j acts at the p oint A
= (1 ,- 4)
, find its moment vector about the
=(2 ,-i) .
......
What do you conclude ?

(7)
: If the force F = 5 i-m j , acts at the p oint D
about the point A

_...
= (7,
0), and the moment vector of F
= (2 , 3) equals the zero vector, find the value of m .

A
lMs= Ol
[3]
-
: The force F = 3 i-mj acts at the point A= (4, 7) , and the moment vector of F about
the origin point equals the moment vector of F about the point B = (-1 , 3), find the
[9]
value ofm .
(9)
....i..
: The force F = 4 i- 3 j , acts at the point A = (3 , 6) , find the moment vector of F with
respect to each of the points B = (-2 , 4) , and D = (2 , i) , then determine the position
......
of BD relative to the line of action of F
[parallel]
Moment Vectors of Forces

point B
= (1
141
, 2) , then find the distance between the line of action of this resultant
A
{-30 k , 3 units]
and the point B .

__._A
(19)
A....._
A_...
A;._..
:TheforcesFi=2i+7j, F2 =i-3}, F3 =4i-3j, F 4 =-i+2j actattheorigin

point (0). Proue that the line of action of their resultant passes through the point A =
(2 , 1), and find the moment vector of this resultant about the point C = (- 2 , 9), then
calculate the length of the perpendicular segment drawn from C to the line of action
/I
of this resultant.
{60 k , 4
A
....._A
(20)
{i unit]
A
-A
: The force Fi= Li+ mj acts at the point A= (1, 2), and the force F2 : i-3} acts
_..
A A
at the point B == (0, 4) and the force F3 =-2 i + j acts at the point C = (2 ,-4). Find
the values of the constants L , m , given that the moment vector of the resultant of
A
these forces about the origin =-9 k, and vanishes about the point D == (-2, 3).
{2, 5]
~
......._
=L i~2 j
A.
_..
, F2 =-3 i + j , F3 =4 i + mj act at the point A == (5 ,-1)

, and the line of action of the resultant of these forces is parallel to the st. line passing
: Three forces : Fi
through the two points B
= (2, 3) and D = (-2,
0), and the sum of the moment
;..
vectors of these forces about B
= i2.5 k find :
'
(i) The moment vector of the resultant of these forces about D.
(ii) Magnitude of the resultant of these forces.
+-+
(iii) The perpendicular distance between BD and the line of action of the resultant.
A
{12.5k , 2.6 units, 6 units]

__._
(22)
=i
_,.,
/\
+ ~ , F2 =- 3 i + 2 j , F3 = 3 i- j act at the point A = (2 ,- 3). If

the points B , Care
= (7, -2) , C = (1 , 8), prove that the line of action of the
: Three forces : Fi
resultant of these forces bisects BC, and find the perpendicular segment drawn from
each of B , D to the line of action of the resultant and find its equation.
~
7 Ari:
...-4.
--4
(23)
;,.
....1..
"
[MB =-Mc =-14k , --y10, 3x-y-9 =OJ

A
5
+ m j act at the point B (1 , 4) and the moment
: Two forces, F1 = 7 i + 2 j , F2 =
A
vector of their resultant about the point 0 (0, 0) equals-42k, and about the point A
A
(1, 5) equals iok. Find the values of L, m, then find magnitude of their resultant,
and the
resultant.
of the perpendicular segment drawn from A to the line of action of the

[3 ,-4 , 2
-{26. !_ jii;J
26
142
(1)
: AD is a horizontal light rod.

AB = 12cm, BC = 4cm, CD
points B , C
=6 cm. Two forces of magnitudes 3
at
the points A , C vertically upwards, and two forces of magnitudes 4
at the points B, D vertically downwards respectively. Find
act
sum of algebraic
measure of moments of these forces about each of A, B , C and
(2)
:A
BC=
cm,
same direction perpendicular to
, and two
act at
B , D in the opposite direction of the first three

measures of moments of these forces about B '"''"',nu
moments about C. Find the value
and the sum
aboutH.
(3)
such
: AH is a light horizontal rod of leTtgth lOOcm. The
20
B,
measures of moments of these forces about C
moments
: ABCD is a square , the length of its side is 6cm.
"\IZirU:tr1'LlJ'll
act along
u&U111::16'l$
of these forces
(First) The centre of the square.
(5)
I :ABCD is a rectangle, in which AB= 6cm, BC= Bcm. ,,,.,.,..,,.
4,6
..........
and 5gm.wt act along AB, BC
algebraic measures of moments

and the centre of the rectangle.
is a
magnitudes 3, 5 and
1. .-uuL"''-"
at B,
act along
which AB
__.,,.
=__,,...
, BC and CA respectively. Find
of
sum
Moment of Coplanar Forces
143
of algebraic measures of moments of these forces about each of the points A , B , C .

[25 . 60, 36 gm.wt.cm]
(7)
: AD is a light horizontal rod. The point B, is taken on AD, such that AB = 60cm, BD
80cm. Two forces of magnitudes 10 , 7 Newton act at B , D vertically downwards
respectively and a force of magnitude 8
{3N acts at A in a direction which inclines
--
at an angle of measure 60 to AB upwards and a force of magnitude 5
v'2 N acts at
D in a direction which inclines at an angle of measure 45 to DA upwards. Calculate

the sum of algebraic measures of moments of these forces about each of A , B , D.
[each =- 880 N.cm]
(8)
- -- -
: ABC is an equilateral triangle, the length of its side is Bcm. Forces of magnitudes 4 , 7
, and 3gm.wt act along AB , BC and AC. Find the sum of algebraic measures of
moments of these forces about each of A , B , C and the mid point of B C.
[ 28 {i,
(9)
12
{i,
16
{i.
2 {igm .wt.cm]
- --
: ABC is an equilateral triangle, the length of its side is 6cm. Forces of magnitudes 40 ,
60, 80 gm.wt act along AB , BC, AC respectively find the sum of algebraic measures
of moments of these forces about :
(First) The mid point of BC .
(Second) The point of intersection of the
medians of L\ ABC
[60 F,- 20 JSgm.wt.cm]
(10)
: ABC is an isosceles triangle in which AB =BC = 12cm, and measure of the angle ABC
:;-;t
= 120. Three forces of magnitudes 8 .rn
3 , 10 , 6 gm.wt act along AJj
, BC, AC
respectively'. Find the sum of algebraic measures of moments of these forces about
each of A, B, C .
[:r 60
{3. :r36 , 144 gm.wt.cm]

A
(11)
: ABCD is a parallelogram in which AB = 6 cm. BC = Bcm, m (BCD) = 60. Forces of

-.
--->
-+-
__,...
magnitudes 7, 8, 5 and 3 gm .wt. act along AB , Ct\, CD and AD respectively. Find

the sum of algebraic measures of moments of these forces about each of A and C.
[
(12)
F," 19 ~m.wt.cm]
II
: ABCD is a parallelogram in which M (ABC) = 60, and its diagonal ACl. BC , AC =
- -
12cm. Forces of magnitudes 14 , 18, 9, 6 and 2 v'3 Newton act along
AB, CB , Cf5,
DA and AC respectively. Find the sum of algebraic measures of moments of these

forces about each of A, B, C, D.
[ 162 , 102,
::t
156,
::t
108 Newton.cm]
145
(( PARALLEL COPLANAR FORCES ))

Resultant of Coplanar Parallel Forces
RESULTANT OF TWO PABUEL FORCES:
(1)
: Two forces of magnitudes 30 , 45gm.wt. act at the points A and B respectively of a

rigid body where AB = i6cm. Determine their resultant, if: (a) They have the same
direction. (b) They have opposite directions.
[75gm.wt, 9.6cm from A, 15gm.wt, 32cm from BJ
(2)
: Two parallel forces of magnitudes 48 , 72 Newtons act at the points A and B

respectively of a rigid body where AB
= i50cm. Determine their resultant, if:
(a) They have the same direction.

(b)
(3)
They have opposite directions.
[120N, 90cm from A , 24N, 300cm from BJ
...... _...
: Fi, F2 are two parallel forces having the same direction, the distance between their
lines of action equals 20cm. If their resultant equals 280gm. wt, and acts at a distance
...)..
of 4cm from the line of action of Fi Find the magnitude of each of the two forces.
[224, 56gm.wt]
(4)
: Two parallel forces, of opposite directions and of magnitudes F1 , F2 where F 1 > F2 act
at the points A and B respectively of a rigid body. If AB =40cm. and magnitude of
their resultant equals 54gm.wt, acting at the point C EAB, where BC
(5)
_.,
= 60cm.
Find
[81 , 27 gm.wt]
: Two parallel forces F1 , F2 act at two points A and B respectively of a rigid body. If
magnitude of their resultant = i40gm.wt, and acts at point C, where AC= i5cm. BC
_...
....
=20cm. Determine the magnitude of each Fi , F2 if;

(a) They have the same direction.
[ 80, 60gm.wt]
They have opposite directions.
[ 420, 560gm.wt]
(b)
(6)
: Two parallel forces having the same direction. Magnitude of the first force is 90gm.wt,
a~
acts at a point A of a rigid body, the second force acts at the point B of this body.
If the resultant of these two forces acts at the point C on AB, where BC equals 24cm,
and magnitude of the resultant is 150gm.wt. Find the length of AB .
{40cm]
Parallel Forces
(7)
146
..... and F are two pa~l forces having opposite directions. If F =36gm.wt, F < F
:F
1
1
1
2
2
, magnitude of their resultant =24gm.wt. and acts along a st. line 50cm distant from
the line of action of F 1 . Find the distance between the two lines of action of the two
forces.
(8)
[20cm]
: F 1 and F2 are two paral'lel forces having opposite directions, and act at two points A ,
~
B of a rigid body, and their resultant R acts at the point C, where CE BA,
AC = 25cm,
....
AB= 35cm. lfmagnitude of F2 is15kgm.wt, F 1 > F2 find magnitude of R.

[21 kgm.wt]
(9)
: The magnitude qf the resultant of two paral'lel forces is 324 Newton, and magnitude
of one of the two forces is 72N, and its line of action is 15.4cm distant from the line of
action of the resultant. Find magnitude and direction of the second force , and the
distance between the two lines of action of the two forces if the given force and the
resultant are :
(i) Having the same direction.
(ii)
Having two opposite directions.

[252 N, 19.Bcm, 896N, 12. 6cm]
(10)
: The magnitude of the resultant of two parallel forces is 7kgm.wt, and magnitude of
one of the two forces is 4kgm.wt, and its line of action is 135cm distant from the line
of action of the resultant. Find magnitude and direction of the second force., and the
distance between the two lines of action of the two forces if the given force and the
resultant are
(i)
Having the same direction.
(ii)
Having two opposite directions.
[8kgm.wt, 815cm, 1 lkgm.wt, 86cm]

(11)
: Two parallel forces act at two points A , B of a rigid body and magnitude of one of
them is 128gm.wt and magnitude of their resultant is 32gm.wt. Find magnitude of

the second force, and the distance between the two lines of action of the two forces
given that the distance between the line of action of the resultant and the given force
is 18cm.
(12)
[96gm.wt, 6cm, 160gm.wt, 8.6cm]
: Two parallel forces act at two points A , B of a rigid body, and magnitude of one of
them is 520 Newton, and magnitude of their resultant is 130N. Find magnitude of
the second force, and the distance between the two lines of action of the two forces
Parallel Forces
147
given that the distance between the line of action of the resultant and the given force
is 150cm.
(13)
[50cm, 30cm]
I : Two parallel forces having the same direction act at the points A, B of a rigid body,
and their magnitudes are 30 and 20gm. wt respectively. If the force of magnitude 30 is
to another point of action .A on the ray BA.
transfered parallel to itself a distance x~
Prove that the point of action of the resultant transfers a distance y

(14)
-x
5
: Two parallel forces having opposite directions, their magnitudes are 5, 9 Newton,
and act at the points A , B of a rigid lxxly respectively. If the force of magnitude 9N is
"'
,,,,
transfered parallel to itself a distance x
to another point B on the ray AB. Prove

9
that the point of action of the resultant transfers a distance y = -
(15)
: Two parallel forces having the same direction, their magnitudes are 3F, 5F Newton
and act at the points A , B of a rigid body respectively and magnitude of their
-+
resultant is R , and acts at the point C on AB, where BC = x

If the direction of the fo rce SF is ref/.exed, and its point of action is unchanged, the
"'
magnitude of the resultant becomes R , and is acting at a point C on AB, where

BC"'=Y
R"'
Prove that (16)
1
= -
: ABC is a triangle, the forces of magnitude 4CA, 7AB and 4BC act along CA, AB, BC
respectively. Prove that the magnitude of the resultant of these forces equals 3AB,
then determine its direction and its point of action.
~
_..
(17)
;,,_
,\
[Acts at a p oint "D" on CB, where BD

A
_..
: Fi =-2i + aj , and F2
"
4
= -BC]
A.
=8 i - 4 j are two p arallel forces acting at the points (-2, 0) and
(4 , O) in the coordinate plane respectively. Find the value of a, then determine:

(i) The resultant of these two forces.
(ii) The point of intersection of its line of action with the x-axis.
(iii) The equation of this line of action.
,\
[6 i -3j , (6, 0), x + 2y -6 =OJ
RESULTANT OF MORE THAN TWO COPLANAR PARALLEL FORCES:

(1)
: A , B , C , D , H are fi ve points on a light rod AH, where AB
=2cm, BC = 3cm,
Parallel Forces
CD
148
=4cm , DH= 5cm. Tliree forces of magnitudes 2 , 4 , 6 Newton act at the points-
A , C , D respectively in the same direction, and perpendicular to AH. Another two

forces of magnitudes 9 , 5Newton act at the points B , H respectively in a direction
opposite to the direction of the forces at A , C , D. Find magnitude, and point of action
of the resultant of the 5 forces.
(2N UJilh the direction of forces 9, 6N, 7cm from AJ
(2)
: AH is a light horizontal rod, B , C , D
are points on this rod where AB = 20cm,
BC =.40cm, CD = 30cm, DH =10cm. Two forces of magnitudes 30, 80gm.wt at B, D

respectively and vertically upwards, another three forces of magnitudes 20 , 40 ,
90gm.wt act at the points A , C , H respectively and vertically downwards. Determine
the magnitude and the point of action of the resultant of these five forces.
(40gm.UJt, 90cm from AJ
(3)
I : AH ia a light rod, B , C , D are points on the rod where AB = 3cm, BC = 6cm,

CD
=2cm,
DH = 4cm. Three forces of magnitudes 60 , 50 , 30 Newton act at the
points A , C , H respectively in the same direction and perpendicular to AH. Another

two forces of magnitudes 80, 40 Newton act at the points B, D respectively in a
direction opposite to the direction of the first three forces. Find magnitude of the
resultant of these five forces, and prove that its line of action passes through D.
(20NJ
(4)
: AD is a horizontal light rod, B , Care two points on this rod such 'that AB
CD
=2BC =
=40cm. Four forces of magnitudes 2 , 6, 4 , 3kgm.wt act at the points A , B , C ,
D respectively in the same direction, vertically downwards.

Find the distance between the point of intersection of the resultant with AD and the
point A, then prove that this distance does not ehange if each of the given forces
makes an angle of measure 8 with AD.
(5)
(Distance
=62cm]
I : AD is a horizontal light rod, B , C are two points on this rod such that AB =2 BC =
2CD
= 20cm.
Two forces of magnitudes F , 24 Newton act at A , C vertically
downwards, and two forces of magnitudes 42 , 12Newton act at the points B , D

verically upwards. If the line of action of the resuUant of these forces passes through
the point C . Find the value of F and the magnitude of the resultant of these forces.
(10N,20NJ
Parallel Forces
(6)
149
I : AH is a light rod, B , C , D are three points on this rod, where AB =3BC =2CD =
4DH = 12cm. Three forces of magnitudes 4 , F1 , 8Newton act at the points A , C , H
respectively in the same direction and perpendicular to AH. Another two forces of
magnitudes 7, F2 Newton act at B, D respectively in a direction opposite to the
direction of the first three forces. If magnitude of the resultant of the five forces equals
\
7 Newton, and its line of action intersects AH at N, where AN
= 10 cm,
and its
direction is the same as the direction of the first three forces. Find value of F1 , F2 .
[16, 13NJ
(7)
I : AH is a light rod, B, C, Df!!!AH, where AB= 2BC =CD= 2DH = lOcm. Five parallel
forces of magnitudes 6 , 2 , 3 , 8 , F Newton act at the points A , B , C , D , H
respectively, and perpendicular to AH such that 6 , 8 in the same direction and 2 , 3
.....
in the opposite direction. Find magnitude and direction of each of F and the resultant
of the five forces given that its line of action intersects AH at N, AN =3cm.
[4, 6NJ
(8)
: ABCDHO is a regular hexagon, of centre N , u is a unit vector in the plane of the

-.;,.
hexagon, parallel to CA The forces 15u ,-7u ,-16u, 24 u ,-12 u act at the points A
, B, N, D, H respectively. Prove that the resultant of these forces"'equals 4-: and acts
1
at a point on BH, at a distance = the hexagon.
L from N, where L = the length of the side of
150
Equilibrium of Coplanar
Parallel Forces
rests
a lwrizontal position on two supports a.t its two
magnitude 90gm.wt is suspended from a point on the rod

the magnitude of the reaction of each support.
[36 , 64gm.wt.J
of negligible weight and of length 90cm is suspended lwri.zontally from
111>rnP1u.
strings.A weight of magnitude 150gm.wt is suspended

a point C on the rod where AC =36cm. Find magnitude
[90, 60gm.wt]
-n.vus.
ru:n'1.u1nt1.u
3m. and of weight 28kg.wt., acting at its mid point. The rod
U!1.1i/1ut.un
on two supports, one of them is at one of its ends and

other end. Find the pressure on each support.
(7, 21kg.wt]
11Tl,,1!1
120cm. and of weight 9kg.wt. acting at its mid-point. The rod

distance between them is 72cm in a lwrizontal position. The
pressure on one i!jUJ.1pu.ri is double that on the other. Find the distance between each
[36, 12cm]
beam near to it.

length 70cm, and of weight BOgm.wt, C ,
p , H , L are four
CA= 5cm, DA= 15cm, HA= 50cm, LA= 65cm. The rod is
su1Jroe1w.e:a
111on:i~oniat1~v
from C , L by two vertical strings, and two weights of

are suspended from D and H respectively. Find
string.
.,,.,.,..,,,~.and
[190, 210gm.wt]
its weight is 2500gm.wt. C, D, Hare three
AD
Ru1lnn,ns
= 30cm, AH = 70cm.
The rod rests in a
at its ends A, B, and the weightslOOO, 1350,

C, D , H respectively. Find the pressure on
[3720, 3380gm.wt]
UI"'-"""'"~
900gm.wt and of length 120cm is suspended

balances from the points A , B , C on the rod,
'"'-'IY.'"''u. of the rod acts at the point M , where AM
=50cm,
Equilibrium of Coplanar Parallel Forces
151
and the rod is in equilibrium horizontally, when the reading of the balance at C is
210gm.wt. Find the reading of each of the balances at A, B.
(8)
[236, 455gm.wtl
: AB is a uniform rod of length 120cm, and of weight 9kg.wt. rests in a horizontal

position on two supports at A and B. A body of weight 6kg.wt. is suspended from a
point C on AB such that the pressure at A equals twice the pressure at B. Find the
length of CB.
(9)
[llOcml
: AB is a uniform rod of length 100cm, and weight 600gm.wt, acting at its mid point.
Three weights of magnitudes 400gm.wt, 200gm.wt, 800gm.wt are suspended from the
points A , C , ]3. respectively where C is a point on the rod, BC =30cm.
Find the point at which the rod is to be suspended such that the rod is in equilibrium
horizontally.
(10)
[62cm from Al
: A uniform rod AB of length lOOcm, and weight 4 kgm.wt is suspended horizontally by

two vertical strings from two points C, D, where AC= BD
=10cm. If each of the two
strings can bear a maximum tension of magnitude 8kgm.wt, find the magnitude of
the weight which should be suspended from a point at 30cm distant from A such that
one of the two strings is about to be cut, and find the tension in the other string.
[8, 4kgm.wtl
(11)
: A uniform rod of length 120cm, and weight 30 Newton is suspended from its ends in a
horizontal position by two vertical strings each of which can just sustain a tension of
20 Newton. Within what distance from the centre can a weight of 7.5N be suspended
without breaking either string?
(12)
[less than 20cml
I : AB is a uniform rod of length 48cm and of weight 240gm.wt acting at its midpoint.
The rod rests in a horizontal position on two supports at two points C and D where
AC =6cm, BD
=12cm. Find magnitude of the reaction at each of C and D. Then find
the point on the rod at which a weight of magnitude 40gm.wt should be suspended so
that the pressure at each of the supports C and D are equal.
1
[96, 144gm.wt, 3cm from Al
(13)
: AB is a uniform rod of length 120cm, and of weight 60N. rests on two supports at C ,
D, where CD= 60cm, AC= 15cm and a weight ofmagnitu,de Wis suspended from a
point Non the rod, where AN= 30cm. Find :
152
Equilibrium
Coplanar Parallel Forces
M~tude
(Pint)
_ reaction of each supporl when W = 20 Newton.

W when the magnitude of the reaction at D equals twice
[80, 60 Newton, 12NJ
weight 12kg.wt. rests horizontally on two

= 75cm. Find magnitude of the pressure at
preBSure
Jl,U,.,,...,,, .. acting at its midpoint, rests on two
car of weight 3 ton. wt is moving on the bridge, find

the pressure
when the car is at lOm distant from A
two suz1oo>rts
the end A, when the pressure at A equals

[18.5, 19.5 ton.wt, 25m}
of weight 30kg.wt. acting at its mid point, rests
BUl'JJXJirts C and D,
where AC =one meter, BD
=2m. A man of weight 45kg.wt.
find
"",,,_,,.,.,L,'P". on each supporl when the man is at 2m distant of A

11mi;;u1,riuin
not overturn.
distance which the man can move such that the beam does
2
[86, 40 kgm.wt, 4 -ml
3
120cm, and of weight 800gm.wt acting at its mid point. It
rests
n.:urcn.iru'!IJ'
20cm from A The rod is kept horizontally in
verlical string connected to the end B. Find :

tension in the string and the reaction of the supporl.
weight which should be suspended from the end A to
is about to vanish. [820, 480, 1600gm.wt}
and weight 50 Newton. The rod is suspended
ul!r1:zr.1u
wt:'"'"'~"
strings. C and D are two points on the rod
of magnitudes 20N and SON are suspended
res,ooc'ti~et_y.
Find magnitude of the tension in each
one string attached to a point on the rod such
153
that it is in equilibrium horizontally, find the tension in this string and the distance
of the point of suspension from the end A
[60N, 90N, 150N, 60cm}
(19) : AC is a non-uniform rod of length llOcm, Bis a point on it, where AB= 35cm.
The rod is suspended horizontally by two vertical strings from B and C. If the
magnitude of the tension in the first string equals twice the magnitude of the
tension in the second string, determine the point of action of the rod weight. And
if the greatest weight suspended from A without disturbing equilibrium is 20 Kg.
wt., find the weight of rod.
[60cmfrom A, 28kgm.wt]
(20)
: A non-uniform rod of length 120cm, and weight 20kg.wt. rests horizontally on two
supports C, D, where AC = BD
=25cm. When a weight of magnitude 40kgm.wt is
suspended from A the rod is about to rotate about C. Find the distance of the point of
action of the rod weight from A If the weight at A is removed, find the maximum
weight which can be suspended from B without disturbing the equilibrium.
[75, 16 kgm.wt}
(21)
: AB is a non-uniform rod of length 240cm, and weight 5 kgm.wt rests horizontally on
two supports at C and D, where AC = BD
= 50cm. A weight of magnitude 10kgm.wt
is suspended from A to make the rod on the point of rotation about C, find the centre
of gravity of the rod, then find the maximum weight which can be suspended from B
without disturbingfhe equilibrium with the existence of the weight at A
[150cm from A , 42kgm.wt}
(22)
: AB is a uniform rod of length 60cm, and weight 400gm.wt acting at its mid point. It
rests in a horizontal position on two pegs A , C where BC
......
.......
=20cm. A vertical force F
acts at the end B. Determine magnitude and direction of F:
(23)
(First)
If the rod is on the point of rotation about A .
[200gm.wt}
(Second)
If the rod is on the point of rotation about C .
[200gm.wt}
: A uniform rod of length 140cm, and weight 450gm.wt and acting at its mid point. The
rod rests horizontally on two supports C and D at distances 40cm and 20cm from the
mid point of the rod.Find the greatest weight that can be suspended from each end of
the rod without disturbing the equilibrium of the rod. Find also the reaction of the
supports on the rod in each case.
(24)
[600, 180, 1050, 630gm.wt}
: A non-uniform rod AB of length 150cm, rests in a horizontal position on two pegs C

and D, where AC = DB
= 35cm, CD = 80cm. If a weight of 12 kgm.wt is suspended
154

from A the rod will be on the point of rotation about C. If a weight of 20kgm.wt is
suspended from B, the rod will be on the point of rotation about D. Find magnitude
of the rod weight and the distance of its point of action from the end A.
(14kgm.wt, 65cm)
(25)
: A uniform rod of length 120cm, rests horizontally on two supports, the distance
between them is 60cm. lfa weight of 160gm.wt is suspended from one of the two ends
of the rod or a weight of 640gm.wt. is suspended from the other end, the rod will be
about to overturn. Find the weight of the rod and the distance of its point of action
from any of the two supports.
(26)
(320gm.wt, 20cm)
: AB is a non-uniform rod of length 60cm, rests horizontally on two supports C, D such

that AC= 15cm, BD
=20cm. A weight of magnitude 80gm.wt is suspended from A so
the rod is just about to turn around C. If another weight (with the presence of the
first) of magnitude 250gm.wt. is suspended from B, the rod is just about to tum
around D. Find the weight of the rod, and the distance of its point of action from the
end A.
(27)
(120gm.wt, 25cm)
: AB is a uniform rod of length 80cm rests in a horizontal position on two pegs C, D the
distance between them is 30cm (C is nearer to A). If a weight of magnitude 15kgm.wt
is suspended from A, the rod is on the point of rotation about C, and if a weight of
magnitude 5kgm.wt. is suspended from B the rod is on the point of rotation about D.
Find the weight of the rod and the distance of each of the two pegs from the mid point
of the rod.
(28)
(15kgm.wt, 20, 10cm)
: AB is a rod of length 120cm. It is in equilibrium when it rests by its end A on the

ground and its other end B is raised up under the action of a force of magnitude 72
Newton. acting vertically upwards at a point 20cm distant from B. It is also in
equilibrium if its end B rests on the ground and the end A is raised up under the
action of a force of magnitude 84 N acting vertically upwards at A Find the weight of
the rod and the distance of its point of action from A.
(29)
(144N, 50cm)
: AH is a rod of weight 16kgm.wt acting at a point C of it where AC= 50cm, B, Dare

two points on the rod where AB
= 20cm,
CD = 40cm, DH = 30cm. The rod is
suspended in a horizontal position from B & D by two vertical strings each of which
can just sustain a tension not more than the weight of the rod. The two vertical
155
strings are just about to cut when two weights of magnitudes w 1 , w2 are suspended
from the points A, H respectively. Find the values ofw1 , w2'
Also find the magnitude w of only one weight and its point of action which can be
suspended from a point on the rod instead of w 1 , w2 such that the magnitude of the
tension in each of the two strings does not change.
[w 1
(30)
=w2 =Skgm.wt , 80 from DJ
I : A light rod of length 120cm. is suspended horizontally 'by two vertical strings, one of
them is fixed at a point on the rod 30cm. distant from one of the two ends of the rod
and the other is at a distance of 50cm from the other end, and two equal weights are
suspended from each end. Given that the maximum tension in each string is 18
'
Newton. Find the maximum value of each weight and the tension in each string.
[12, 18, 6NJ
(31)
I : AB is a non-uniform rod of weight Bkgm.wt, and of length 120cm. C, D are two points
on the rod, where AC
= CD = DB = 40cm. The rod is suspended horizontally 'by two
vertical spring balances from C and D. If the rod is in equilibrium, when the reading
of the balance at C equals 3kgm.wt. Find the distance of the centre of gravity of the
rod from
A. and if a weight of magnitude 4kgm.wt is suspi!nded from a point on the
rod, find its distance from the point A if the reading of the balance in C becomes
4kgm.wt.
(32)
[66, 70}
: AB is a non-uniform rod of length 1OOcm, resting in a horizontal position by

supporting it on a peg below its mid point and suspending a weight of magnitude
300gm.wt from a point C on the rod where AC = 20cm, and a weight of magnitude
400gm.wt from a point D on_the rod where BD equals 15cm. If the weight at Dis
increased to 880gm.wt the rod will be in equilibrium 'by supporting it on a peg at
40cm distant from B. Find magnitude of the rod weight and its position from A
[500gm.wt, 40cm}
(33)
I :A non-uniform rod AB of length 200cm. Two weights each of magnitude 5kgm.wt are
suspended from the two ends of the rod, so the rod will be in equilibrium in a
horizontal position when it is suspended from a point BOcm distant from A When an
additional weight of magnitude 7kgm.wt is added to the weight which is suspended
from each end the rod will be in equilibrium horizontally 'by suspending it from
156

another point 90cm distarice from A. Find the weight of the rod and the distance of
f 4kgm.wt, 80cml
its point of action from A.

(34)
: Two fixed supports C, D, the distance between them is 4 meters. When a rod AB rests
horizontally on these two supports such that AC = one meter, the pressure on the
support C is i 60kgm.wt, and when this rod rests on the same supports such that
= !_ meter, the preBBure on the support C is 250kgm.wt. Find magnitude of the

rod weiiht and the distance of its centre of gravity from A.
[480kgm.wt, ~ ml
AC
(35)
I : A uniform rod AB of length 60cm. and of weight io Newton is suspended horizon.tally

lzy two vertical strings, one of them is attached to A and the other is attached to C,
where AC =X cm. A weight of magnitude i2N is suspended from a point D, where

AD = 25cm. Given that the greatest tension in each string is i5 Newton. Find the
values between which X lies, find also the maximum and the minimum values of the
tension in each string.
[40 < x < 60, Tat A between 7, 12, at C between 10, 15}
(36)
_.... _....
: Four parallel forces Fi , F2, Fa, F4 are in equilibrium act at the points A (4, 0), 0
.......
-""
0(0, 0), B (5, i), C {-i ,-8) respectively. Given that Fi

-.-._...
Find each of F2, Fa , F4 .
J.
A
=i-3j
, 11F4 II.;,
23"'
69A
JA
~r.;;,
4 yiO gm.wt.
9A
J\
- - i + - j , - i - -J, 4 i-l2jJ
. 4
157
Equilibrium of solid bodies

Problems of Equilibrium not including Friction:
(1)
A uniform rod AB of 80 cm long and of weight 3kg. wt. is hinged at B to a vertical

wall. A lamp of 12 kg wt. is hung from a point on the rod 10 cm from the end A. This
end is tied with a light rope with its end C fixed on the wall at point vertically above
B and far from it 60 cm so that the rod is kept horizontal. Prove that the tension of
the string equals 20kg. wt. and prove that the horizontal component of the hinge
reaction equals 16 kg. wt.
(2)
A uniform rod AB of 8 m long and weight 33kg. wt. Its end A is hinged to a vertical
wall and the rod is kept horizontal by a string attached to its end B and fixed to the
wall at a point lies vertically above A and 6m away from it. A weight of 20 kg wt. is
hung on the rod from a point 3 m away from A. Find the tension in the string and the
pressure of the hinge on the rod.
(40, v186Skg.wt)
(3)
A uniform rod AB of 6 m long and weight Skg.wt and its center of gravity is at 4.5 m
from A and hinged at A to a fixed .horizontal hinge. The end B is tied to a light string
passing over a smooth pulley lies vertically above A at 4.5 m away from it. The string
carries at its other end a body of weight W. If a body of weight 3kg. wt is hung from
point B so that the rod became horizontal. Find the magnitude of W. And find the
reaction of the hinge.
(445 , 41 v1321kg.wt)
(4)
A uniform bar AB of mass 40 kg and 8 m length, is fixed in a vertical plane by two

strings AD & BH, and a body of mass 60 kg is hung at a point C on AB so the bar
became in an equilibrium state horizontally. And m (L DAB) = 120, m (L HBA) =
150 . Find the magnitude of the tension in each of the 2 strings and the length AC.
(SO i/3, SO kg. wt., 2/3 m)
(S)
A uniform rod AB of 160 cm long and weight 300 gm. wt. is hung by a fixed nail C by
mean of two strings attached to its ends A,B. A weight of 600 gm. wt. is hung to a
point N on the rod. If the rod is in equilibrium in a horizontal position and the two
strings AC & BC are inclined to the rod at angles of measures 60 , 30 respectively,
find the length of AN and the magnitude of the tension in each of the 2 strings.
(20m, 450, 4SO v3gm.wt)
(6)
AB is a uniform rod of mass 16 kg and 4.2 m long. C, Dare two points on it such that
AC= 1.2m, BO = 6m. The rod is hung from C, D by two strings HC and ED. A force of
magnitude 7.Skg. wt acts on the rod in the direction of AB so the string ED becomes
vertical and the string HC becomes inclined and the rod is in equilibrium when it is in
158
horizontal position. Find the magnitude of the tension in each string and the
inclination in the string HC to the horizontal.
(12.5, Gkg.wt, angle whose Tan is 4/3)
(7)
A uniform rod AB of 160 cm long and weight 3kg. wt. Its lower end A rests on a
vertica! smooth wall AD, and is tied from point H by one end of a string whose other
end is attached to the point D so that the rod reached its equilibrium state in a
position inclined to the vertical at an angle 6Cf. If the length AH =60 cm, then find
the angle ADH and also find the magnitudes of the tension in the string, and the
reaction of the wall.
{30, 2v3, v3 kg wt.)
(8)
A uniform rod AB weighs 10 kg wt. can rotate around a hinge at its end A, while its
upper end B is fixed on a vertical smooth wall. If the rod is in equilibrium on a
vertical plane perpendicular to the wait and the angle between the rod and the wall
is 30 . Find the magnitude of the pressure on the wall and the magnitude of the
reaction of the hinge, and the Tangent of its angle with the horizontal.
(35 v3, 35 v39kg.wt, 2 v3}

(9)
A uniform rod AB of weight 150gm. wt and 54 cm long, it rests with its lower end A
on a vertical smooth wall, and it is fixed at point H on a horizontal smooth support,
parallel to the wall. If the length AH equal 12 cm and the rod is in equilibrium when
it is perpendicular to the wall, prove that the Sine of the angle of inclination between
the rod and the wall is 2/3, then calculate the magnitude of the reaction of the
support, and that of the wall.
(225gm.wt, 75 v5gm.wt)
(10) AB is a uniform rod of 8 m length and weighs 20 kg. wt. its end A is attached to a
hinge fixed to a vertical wall, and its end B being joined by a light string 6m length
whose other end is fixed to the wall at a point C vertically above A and 10 m away
from it. If a weight of 15 kg. wt is hung from the end B, find the tension in the string,
and the magnitude and direction of the reaction of the hinge.
{15 kg. wt., 2 v205kg.wt, inclined to the horizontal by an angle whose tangent
13/6)
(11) A rod of 8 m length rests vertically with its lower end on a horizontal floor, and its
upper end is attached by a rope that is inclined at an angle of measure 30 to the
vertical so that the tension in the rope is 250 kg. wt. Find the magnitude of the
horizontal force that if it acts on the rod on a distance 2m away from the floor it will
keep the rod in equilibrium.
(SOOkg.wt)
159
(12) A uniform ladder AB of weight 10kg.wt, and length 3 m rests with its end A on a
smooth horizontal floor and the other end B on a smooth vertical wall. It's kept in
equilibrium by attaching its end A by a rope whose other end being joined to a point
lies on the line of intersection of the floor and the wall, vertically below B. So if the
ladder was inclined to the horizontal at an angle 45 and a man of weight 60kg.wt
was ascending it, find the magnitude of the tension in the rope when the man reached
a point 2 m away from A.
(45kg.wt)
(13)
A uniform ladder AB of weight 40kg.wt and 12 m length rests with its end A on a
smooth horizontal plane and its end B on a smooth vertical wall. The ladder is kept
in equilibrium by a string tied to one of its ends A, and its other end is attached to a
point on the horizontal plane vertically below 8. If the ladder is inclined at 45 to the
horizon, given that the string cannot stand a tension of more than 50kg. wt Prove
that a man of weight = the ladder's weight can't ascend more than 9 m without
cutting the string.
(14) A ladder of 240 cm length and weight 80kg rests with one of its ends on a smooth
horizontal plane and with its other end on a smooth vertical wall. The ladder was
kept in equilibrium by mean of a string of length 40 cm, one of its ends tied to a
point on the rod and the other end is fixed to a point on the wall. So if the center of
gravity of the ladder lies at a distance of 90 cm from its lower end. Prove that the
tension in the string =81 kg. wt., when the rod is inclined to the vertical at an angle
of tangent is 3/4.
(15) A uniform ladder of length 5 m and weight 20kg.wt rests with one end on a smooth
vertical wall and the other end on a smooth horizontal floor. If the lower end of the
ladder is 3m away from the wall, the ladder is kept from slipping by a string
attached to a point on it and the other end of the string is fixed to a point on the line
of intersection of the floor and the wall, knowing that the direction of the string is
perpendicular to that of the ladder. Find the tension of the string and the reaction of
each of the wall and the floor.
(100/7, 120/7, 230/7kg.wt)
(16) A uniform Ladder AB its length is 8 m rests with its end A on a smooth vertical wall
and with the other end 8 on a smooth horizontal plane. The ladder is kept from
slipping when it's inclined to the horizontal at an angle of measure 30 by a string
whose one of the ends is attached to the bottom of the wall vertically below A and
the other end is fixed to one stair at a distance away from B equals 1/4 of the
ladder's length. Prove that the string in the state of equilibrium makes an angle of
160
tangent is ~ V3 with the horizontal, and that the magnitude of the reaction of the
9
horizontal plane= 5/4 of the ladder's weight. And Find the tension in the string.
(~ v7 W where W is the weight of the ladder)
(17) A uniform ladder rests .with its end A on a smooth vertical wall and its end Bon a
smooth horizontal plane, the ladder is kept from slipping by a string whose one of its
ends fixed to a point bottom of the wall vertically below A and the other end is fixed
to one stair at a distance from B equals 1/4 of the ladder length. If the pressure of
the ladder on the wall is P and on the floor is Q. And if A, B are at distance 60 cm, 80
cm respectively from the bottom of the wall,
Prove that: [P: Q = 4:5]
(18) A rectangular door of weight 40kg. wt rotates easily in a vertical plane about 2
hinges fixed on the same vertical line, and the distance between them is 2 m. If the
weight of the door is distributed equally on the 2 hinges and acts 75 cm away from
the hinges line, find the magnitude and the direction of the reaction of both hinges.
(25 kg. wt. and is inclined at an angle whose tangent is 3/4 to the vertical)
(19) AB is a uniform rod of mass 20 kg is resting with its upper end B on a smooth
inclined plane that's inclined to the horizontal at an angle of measure 60 , and it is
resting with its lower end A on a smooth horizontal plane. It's kept from slipping by
a string AC which is attached with one end to A and with the other end to C, so that
the plane ABC is perpendicular to the line of intersection of the two planes. Find the
magnitude of the reaction of each plane on the rod, and find the magnitude of the
tension in the string when the angle of inclination of the rod to the horizontal is 30.
(15, 10, s v3kg.wt)
(20) AB is a uniform rod rests with its two ends on two smooth inclined planes, makes
with the horizontal angles 30 , 60 respectively. A ring of a weight double the rod's
weight is sliding on the rod. Determine the position of the ring when the rod is in
equilibrium in a horizontal position.
(1/8 the rod length from the end that rests on the plane whose inclination is 30)
{21) A uniform rod LM of a length 150 cm and weight 5 kg. wt. tied by its two ends L, M
by means of two strings LN, MH their length 150, 300 cm respectively, and the two
free ends of the two strings are fixed at points N, H on a horizon to I straight line, NH
= 300 cm, then a horizontal Force "F" acted on the rod at its end "L" so the rod
became in equilibrium position as the string LN is vertical and the whole system of
forces lie in same vertical plane. Determine
and find the magnitude of the
tension in each string.
(1.2, 3.4, 2kg.wt)
16 1
(22 )111 A uniform rod of weight W , one of its ends is fixed to a hinge and the other end is
attached by a string whose other end is fixed at a point lies in the same horizontal
plane that is passed by the hinge and far from the hinge a distance equals to the
string equals W, prove that in
limiting
string's len gth. !f th e tensions in
equilibrium position th e rod makes an angle of Tan = 1/2 with the horizontal. And
the magnitude of the reaction of the hinge equals_: W V10 and makes an angle of
5
Tan = 1/3 with the horizontal.
Problems of Equilibrium including Friction:
(1)11
A ladder of m ass 30 kg, its lower end rests on a rough horizontal floor and its upper
ladder was about to slip when it's inclined to
end on a sm ooth vertical wall. If
the horizon at an angle of measure 30, find the coefficient of friction between the
ladder and the floor, and the magnitude of the reaction of the wall on the ladder.
(~v3, 1s v3kg.wt)
{2}111
AB is a ladder of 3 m length, its center of gravity lies 1 m away from A. the ladder
rests with its end A on a smooth vertical wall, and its end B on a rough horizontal
floor so that the ladder is perpendicular to the line of intersection of the wall and
the floor. If th e angle of inclination of the ladder to the vertical is 45 , and the ladder
was about to slide, Find the coefficient of fric tion between the f loor and the ladder,
and find the total reaction at point B in terms of the weight of the ladder.
( ~ w v 13}
(3)
A uniform beam AB of weight 20kg.wt rests with its end B on a rough horizontal
flo or and the end A on a vertical smooth wall so that the beam is in a vertical plane
that's perpendicular to the wall, and the beam is inclined to the floor at an angle of
measure 45. If it's found that the magnitude of the least horizontal force acts at B
to move the end B away f rom the wall is 5kg. wt Determine the coefficient of f riction
between the beam and the floor.
(3/4)
A uniform rod AB of a length 200 cm and its weight 6kg.wt rests with the end A on a
sm ooth vertical wall and its end B on a rough horizontal flo or. When the rod is in its
limiting equilibrium sta te when it's inclined to the horizon at an angle 60. Find the
magnitude of the horizontal force that if acts at B will make the rod about to move
towards the wall.
1
(v3 kg. wt., v3, 2 v3kg.wt)
3' 3
(4)
(S)
A uniform ladder of weight 30kg. wt rests with one end on a vertical smooth wall and
with its other end on a rough horizontal wall, so that it is inciined to the horizontal
at an angle 45 . If a man whose weight is 60kg. wt is ascending the ladder slo wly,
and the ladder was about to slip when the m an ascended 3/4 of the length of the
ladder. Prove that the coefficient of fric tion between the flo or and the ladder is 2/3,
162
(6)
A uniform ladder of length 4 m rests
vertical wall. If the ladder is

inclined to the horizontal at an
friction. And if the ladder was
farthest distance on the
can ascend before the ladder is
(7)
A ladder 8
it is
of
, find the
weight
m length and 80kg. wt rests with one
the other end on a

floor and the ladder=
If the ladder is inclined to
whose weight is
force of friction
weight that can
the
(8)111
the
A uniform
5m
vertical wall and with the end B on a
friction between
wall. Prove
magnitude of
coefficient of friction
~~"~r~
(12.Skg.wt)
(9)
AB is a
The ladder rests with its

rough horizontal
of the
ladder
(10)
2
3'
to the vertical is
If a uniform rod rests on a
to
inclination of the
(37 kg)
163
(12) AB is a uniform bar 150 cm length and of weight 50kg.wt rests its end A on a vertical
wall, and with its end B on a horizontal floor. If B is 120 cm away f rom the wall, and
the least horizontal force acts at B and essential to move this end to wards the wall is
of magnitude 95kg. wt Find the coefficient of frict ion between the bar and the wall,
given that the coefficien t of friction between the bar and the floor = 2-.
2
(~}
3
An inclined ladder AB rests with the end A on a rough horizontal floor, and the other
end B on a rough vertical wall, if the coefficient of friction between the ladder and
the floor is 1/2, and th at between the ladder & th e wall is 1/4, and the ladder was
about to slide. Find the tangent of the angle of inclination of the ladder to the
"
horizontal.
(7/8)
(14) A uniform ladder of mass "W" kg rests with its lower end on a horizon tal rough flo or,
and with the upper end on a rough vertical wall. If the coefficient of fric tion between
the ladder and the fl oor and the wall 1/9, 1/5 respectively, f ind the measure of th e
angle of inclination of the ladder with the floor when it's about to slip. And if the
weight of the ladder 15 ~kg. wt what's the magnitude of the perpendicular reaction
of each of the wall and the floor?
(Angle of tangent
29
10
15, 2 2 kg. wt. )
(15) AB is a uniform rod of weigh t Skg.wt and 300 cm length, rests with the end A on a
rough horizontal plane, and on a horizontal support at a point C on the rod, the
support is at 125 cm above the horizontal plane. If the rod was in a vertical plane
that's perpendicular to the support, and the rod was about to slide when its angle of
inclination to the horizontal 30. Find the reaction of the support and the coefficient
of friction between the rod and the plane.
(~ v3 2.v3)
2
11
(16) AB is a uniform rod of length 240 cm and weight 500 gm. wt. rests with its end A on
a roug_h horizontal plane. It rests with one on its points "C" on a smooth nail that's
fixed at 90 cm height from the plane. Wh en the rod was about to slip BC = 90 cm.
Find the reaction of th e nail at C, and the coefficient of fric tion between the rod and
the plane.
{320gm.wt,
48
61
(17) AB is a uniform rod 120 cm length, rests with end A on a rough horizontal floor, and
rests at a point 80 cm away from A on a fixed smooth cylinder whose axis is
perpendicular to the vertical plane that passes by the rod. If the rod is about to slide
when n's inclined to the horizontal at an angle of measure 60. Prove that the
coefficient of frictio n between the rod and the floor = 2-v 3.
13
(18) A uniform rod of length 100 cm rests with one end on a rough horizontal f loor, and
rests by one of its points that is 20 cm away f rom its other end"rests on the surface
of a smooth hemi-sphere
the horizontal floor. If
the rod and the
and between the bar and the inclined

45.
(21) A uniform
horizontal
about to
2
and the
165
(23) AB is a uniform rod of weight "W" and length "2L", rests with its end A on a smooth
wall and with its end B on a rough horizontal plane, such that the coefficient of
friction equals 1/2. One end of a light string of length L is fixed to the m iddle point of
the rod and the other end of the string is attached to the base of the wall vertically
below A, If the rod is inclined at an angle e to the vertical when the end 8 was about
to slide away f rom the wall. Prove that the magnitude of the tension in the string
. d e o,F t h e react/On
. -:J.F t h e wa II at A 1s
.
t h en 1s. Sin e - 2Cos e x W, an d t h at t h e magnitu
1
1
Cos e
2 Sin e - Sine cos e W
- ---- x .
2 Cos e
2
(24) A uniform ladder rests on a horizontal floor and a vertical wall. If the ladder was
about to slide, Prove that the two resultant reactions of the wall and the floor are
perpendicular when the angle of friction between the ladder and the wall equals the
angle of fric tion bet ween the ladder and the floor. And if the measure of the angle of
friction is 30 prove that the angle of inclination of the ladder to the vertical equals
60 degrees.
One end of a uniform ladder of weight "W" rests on a smooth vertical wall, and the
other end on a floor inclined to th e horizontal at an angle e. If the ladder is about to
slide, prove that it is inclined to the vertical at an angle of tangent 2Sin {G - a)
where a is the angle of friction.
1
(25 )
,,,,,,,,u:,,.... M and one of its forces is
, and passing through the

the point B
passes
= (3
Determine
arm of this "v'"P'"

A
[-18k 3.6cm]
the
of the other
ULIHILYIL
is
the
, and the
1.4 unit}
A
bi- 4j
its
unit]
its side is 6cm. Two
in the directions
and
Find magnitude
{84N. cm}
are drawn
Two forces, each of magnitude F
to form a
[8]
16 , 12cm respectively.
resvec:tivew. Find magnitude of

{144N. cm]
is 20cm. Four forces of
, AH, respectively. If the

is twice the magnitude of
whose
ofF.
{8
{i NJ
Equilibrium and Eq:uivalence of two Couples
161
EQl!ILIBBllJM 01' A BODY IJNDER TWO COPLANAR COIJPLES

: ABCD is a square, the length of its side is 7 cm. Two forces, each of magnitude
30gm..wt act a.long
AB, cD. Find the magnitude of each of two forces which are equal
in magnitude and acting at A and C p arallel to BD such that they are in equilibrium
with the given forces.
{15 {28m.wt]
: ABCD is a parallelogram, in which AB
= 1Ocm,
BC
= 7.5cm.,
the length of the
- -
perpendicular drawn from D to BC = 6cm. Two forces, each of magnitude 48
- -
Newtons, act along AB and CD. Find the magnitude of each of the two forces acting
along CB and AD such that they are in equilibrium with the given forces.
[36N]
: ABCD is a rectangle in which AB = 6cm, BC = &m. Two forces, each of magnitude

~ DC. Find magnitude of each of the two equal forces acting at
35gm.wt act along BA,
B and D perpendicular to BD such that they are in equilibrium with the given forces.
[28gm.wt]
(11)
: ABCDHO is a regular hexagon, the length of its side is L cm. Two forces, each of
magnitude 16
{iNewton act along Cf 5A respectively . Find magnitude of each cf

1
the two forces acting at A , D perpendicular to AD such that they are in equilibrium
with the given forces.
[24NJ
: AB is a rod of negligible weight, and length 60cm i:> suspended horizontally by a

horizontal nail from its mid point. Two forces each of" magnitude 75 Newton,, the first
acts at A vertically downwards, and the second acts at B vertically upwards. From a
point C on AB where AC =5cm, the rod is pulled by a tension force of magnitude
250N and inclines at angle of measure 30 to the rod. Find magnitude and direction
and point of action of tfie fourth force which acts on the rod with the preceding forces
such that they keep the rod in the state of equilibrium lwrizontally
[250 at 30 to the rod, 36 cm from Al
: AB is a uniform rod of length 120cm. and of weight 84gm.wt, acting at its mid-point, "
can rotate easily in a vertical plane about a fixed horizontal pin passing through a
small hole in the rod at C which is 30cm. distant fro m A. A force of magnitude
84gm.wt acts vertically upwards on the rod at A. Find magnitude of the force which.
if acts at Bin a d irection perpendicular to the rod it makes it in equilibrium
sue~
Equilibrium and Equivalence of two Couples
169
gm.wt.cm acts on the lamina in a direction perpendicular to its plane. Find in the
state of its equilibrium the pressure on the pin and measure of the angle of
inclination of the diagonal AC to the vertical.
[82gm.wt, 60 to the vertical]

: ABCD is a thin lamina in the form of a rectangle, in which AB
=24cm, BC = 32cm.,
its weight is 6.4 Newtons acting at the point of intersection of its diagonals. The
lamina is suspended 'by a thin horizontal pin passing through a small hole near the
vertex D such that its plane is vertical. A couple, the magnitude of its moment is
128N.cm acts on the lamina in a direction perpendicular to its plane. Find the
measure of the angle of inclination of ifij to the vertical in_ the position of
equilibrium.
(20)
[90]
: ABC is a thin lamina in the fonn of an equilateral triangle of weight 45gm.wt. acting
at the point of concurrence of the medians of the triangle. 1'he lamina is suspended by
a thin horizontal pin from a small hole near the vertex A such that its plane is
vertical. A couple, the magnitude of its moment = 315gm.wt.cm acts on the lamina,
and its direction is perpendicular to its plane so that it is
equilibrium. Find the
inclination of AB to the horizontal in the position of equilibrium, given that the

height of the triangle equals 21cm.
(21)
: ABC is a
lamina
tao or 90]
the form of an equilateral triangle, the length of whose side is
30cm. and of weight 2.8 Newtons acting at the point of concurrenee of the medians.
The lamina is suspended by a thin horizontal pin from a small hole near A such that
its plane is vertical.
couple acts on the lamina in a direction perpendicular to its
plane such that it is in equilibrium in a position in wh_ich AB is horizontal. Find the

magnitude of the moment of the couple.
(22)
{42N.cm]
: ABC is a thin lamina in the fonn of an isosceles triangle in which AB = AC = 26cm,
BC =20cm. The lamina is suspended by a thin horizontal pin from a small hole near
the vertex A such that its plane is vertical. A couple, the magnitude of its moment
equals 720 Newton.cm acts on the lamina in a direction perpendicular to its plane
such that it is in equilibrium in a position in which AB is horizontal. Find
magnitude of the weight of the lamina, given that it acts at the point of intersection of
its medians.
[48. 75gm.wt.J

(23)
: ABC is a thin lamina in the form of a right angled triangle at B, in which M (C)
30", AC =30cm, and its weight is 90gm.wt, acting at the point of intersection of the
medians. The lamina is suspended by a thin horizontal pin from a small hole near
the vertex A such that its
acts
the lamina in a direction
perpendicular to its plane, find magnitude of its moment if:(First) It makes the
lamina in equilibrium such that AB is vertical (Second) It makes the lamina in
equilibrium such that AB is horizontal.
(24)
/450
{8, 900 gm.wt.cm]
" =30"
: ABC is a thin lamina in the form of a right angled triangle at A. in which m (B)
, BC =24cm, and its weight is 70gm. wt, acting at the point of intersection of the
medians. The lamina is suspended by a thin horizontal pin from a small hole near
the vertex A such that its plane is vertical . A
acts on the lamina in a direction
perpendicular to its plane. Find magnitude of its moment if;(First) It makes the
AC is vertical (Second) It makes the lamina in
lamina in equilibrium such that
equilibrium such that AC makes an angle of measure 30 to the vertical.

[280
(1)
50cm.
: A light rod AB of negligible weight,
AC
= BD = 15cm. Two forces,
such that they
(2)
D are two points on AB,
each of magnitude 42gm.wt act at the points A, B
two opposite directions and perpendicular to

f'orces acting at C,
-{3, (280 or 660) gm.wt.cm]
rod. Find the magnitudes of the
in a
60 to
to

taken in an
=8cm, BC = 15cm., its vertices A, B
C and Dare
direction. Two forces of magnitudes 68 68N act along Ah
-+
and CD. Find the magnitude of two forces acting at B and D perpendicular to BD
they
such
(3)
[60 60NJ
is a square, the length of
is 40cm. Two
5 {tigm.wt. act along AB and CD. Another two forces the measure of each is
act at D and B such that they make equal angles each
....,..
BC
res,pec~tivel.'Y
outside the square. Find
magnitude 15
DA
F such that the couple
I 71

formed by the first two forees is equivalent to the couple formed by the second two
forces.
(4)
[lOgm.wt.]
: ABCD is a square, the length ofwlwse side is 9cm. The points XEAB , and YECD
such that M (ADX)
--
=M (CBY) = 15. Two forces each of magnitude 7 Newton act
......... Find the magnitudes of the two equal forces which act along XD, YB
along BA , DC.
respectively such that they form a couple equivalent to the couple formed by the first
[7 {2NJ
two forces.
(5)
A
: ABCD is a parallelogram in which M (A)
Two forces, each of magnitude 7
=60, AB =Bcm and the diagonal BD J. AB.
Ar;-kgm.wt act along BA,

- DC.
~ Find the magnitude
-vu
.......
of each of the two forces F, - F
which act at the points A, C perpendicular to the
diagonal AC such they form a couple equivalent to the couple formed by the first two
given forces.
[8 {7kgm.wt.]
The Resultant Couple
I 7J
this system is equivalent to a couple, the magnitude of its moment is 144kg.wt.cm
'
then find the magnitude of each of the two forces acting at B and D and parallel to
the diagonal AC such that they form a couple in equilibrium with the given system of
forces.
(8)
[ 9, 9kg.wt]
: ABCDHO is a regular hexagon, the length of whose side is 1Ocm. Forces of

magnitudes 18, 9
VJ, 18, 9 {3N act along AC , BC, DO and HO respectively. Also
two forces of magnitudes 9 , 9 Newton act at A , O in the directions of BO ,
OB
respectively. Prove that this set of forces is equivalent to a couple the magnitude of its
moment is 405 Newton.cm.
(9)
: ABCDHO is a regular hexagon, the length of whose side is Bcm. Forces of magnitudes
-
-+-
-'l>
.._.
-+
40 , 50, 60 , 40 , 50 , 60 Newton act along AB , BC, DC, DH, HO , AO respectively.

Prove that a couple of moment magnitude 240 V3N.cm in the direction CBA .. is in
equilibrium with the given set of forces.
(10)
: ABCD is a rectangle in which AB= Bcm, BC= 15cm. Forces of magnitudes 19, 45, 3,
15, 34 Newton act along JUj,
:-'/!: BC,
CD,
DA,
CA
respectively. Find the algebraic
components of the force 34 in the directions of CB and
Cb, then prove that the given
set of forces is equivalent to a couple of moment magnitude 405N.cm.

: ABCD is a square, the length of whose side is 20cm. Forces of magnitudes 9, 6, 3, 18,
AlnNewton act along AB,

- , DC,
--+- DA,
;::-t BD
- - respectively find the algebraic
12 v"'
BC
. r;;
_...,
-ii-
components of the force 12 v z in the directions of BC , BA , then prove that the given
set of forces is equivalent to a couple and find magnitude of its moment. [300 N.cm]
: ABC is a right-angled triangle at B, in which AB
-i>-
= 9cm. BC = 12cm.
-ii"
The forces of
magnitudes 27 , 36 and 45gm.wt act along AB , BC and CA respectively. Find the

magnitude of each of the two equal forces which act at the two ends of AC
perpendicular to it such that they form a couple equivalent to the given set of forces.
[21.6, 21.6 gm.wt]
= AC = 5cm., BC = Bcm. Forces of

......
__,.
magnitudes 20, 32 and 20gm.wt act along AB, BC and CA respectively. Prove that
: ABC is an isosceles triangle in which AB
these forces are equivalent to a couple and find the magnitude of its moment, then
find the magnitudes of the two equal forces that act at the ends of BC perpendicular
to it such that they form a couple in equilibrium with the given forces.
[12, 12 gm.wt]
174
(14)
The Resultant Couple

A
: ABC is a triangle in which AB = 5cm, BC= Bcm, M (B)
= 60.
Three forces of
- , BC
-+ respectively. Prove that these
magnitudes 35 , 56 , 49gm.wt act along AB
, CA
forces are equivalent to a couple and find the magnitude of its moment.
[140 ~ gm.wt.cm]
(15)
..-
--
11 BC, AB = 4cm, BC = 12cm,

DA =9cm. Four forces of magnitudes 20 , 60 , 25 and 45gm.wt act along AB , BC ,
CD , DA respectively. Prove that this set of forces is equivalent to a couple and find
magnitude of its moment, then find magnitude of two equal forces acting at C , D in a
direction perpendicular to CD such that they form a couple equivalent to the given
forces.
[420gm.wt.cm, 84, 84gm.wt]
: ABpD is a trapezium in which M (BJ
--
= 90, AD
(16)
: ABCD is a trapezium
BC = 7.5 cm, CD
=9cm.
in which AB I I DC , A is a right angle, AB
= 15cm,
Four forces act along the sides of the trapezium such that
-ltr.i.
-.:a..
_..)i.
-JI!..
they are represented completely by the directed segments AB , BC , CD , DA , and

given that these forces are equivalent to a couple, the magnitude of its moment is
432gm.wt.cm in the direction ABCD. Find magnitude of each force.
[60, 30, 36, 18gm.wt}
(17)
: ABCD is a square, the length of whose side is 12cm, LEAB, HEBC, OECD where BL=
3cm, BH =4cm, DO
=6cm. Four forces act along the sides of the qudrilateral ALHO
~
..-.:i...
--:...
such that they are represented completely by the directed segments AL , LH , HO , OA

, and given that these forces are equivalent to a couple, the magnitude of its moment
is 546 dyne.cm in the direction ALHO. Find the magnitude of each force.
{31.5, 17.5, 35. 21 {Sdyne]
(18)
: ABCD is a rectangle in which AB
= 6cm,
BC
= 12cm.
-- -
The point Me.AD, where
AM= 4cm. Forces ofmagnitudes 15, 30, 15, 10, 50 Newton act along AB, BC, DC,
j;Jj , GM respectively. Proue that these forces are equivalent to a resultant couple
the magnitude of its moment is 120 '""""''-'"'
(19)
=6cm
, where CH=
BC =8.5cm. The
-+ _.,.
2.5cm. Forces of magnitudes 15, 34 15, 26 24
act along AB , AD , CD ,

-+
.........
DH, HA respectively. Prove that these
are euiuut:itei'ti to a
couple the
magnitude of its moment is
(20).
ABC is a
R.
forces acts
0 is
centre of its inscribed circle,
."7> --;.
along LW , BO,
--lo>
_,,.
is
AC, CO, OA and represented in magnitude by AB,
BO, AC, CO, 2 (0 A)respectiuely. Proue that

couple the magnitude of its moment is R jAB -AC f .
equivalent to a
175
SECOND
Momentum
(8)
J 77
: A rubber ball of mass 500gm was moving h orizontally with a unifo rm velocity of
54km I h, when it collided with a vertical wall. It rebounded with a velocity of
7.4m I sec. in a perpendicular direction to the wall. Find the magnitude of the change
in m omentum of the body due to collision with the wall.
(9)
{11 .2kgm.m/sec]
A rubber ball of mass 300gm, was moving horizontally with velocity of
magnitude135cm I sec, when it collided with a vertical wall. If it rebounded in a

p erpendicular direction to the wall after loosing
_ of the mag nitude of its
velocity
5
before the collision. Find the magnitude of the change in its m omentum due to the
collision with the wall.

(10)
[ 48600g m.cm/sec]
: A body of mass 75gm was moving horizontally with velocity 40cm/ sec when it
collided with a vertical wall. If its momentum changed due collision with the wall by
4800gm.cm I sec. Find the magnitude of rebound velocity of the body.
(11)
[24cm /sec.]
: A rubber ball of mass 80gm is left to fall vertically d ownwards from a height 1 Om
above a horizontal ground . It collided with it and rebounded vertically upwards to a

height of 90cm before coming to rest once more. Find the magnitude of its change in
momentum d ue to its collision with the ground.
(12)
[145600gm.cm/sec]
: A ball of mass 40gm fell vertically downwards from a height4.Cf mabove a horizontal
ground so it collided with it a nd rebounded vertically upwards. Given that the

magnitude of the change in m omentum of the ball due to the collision with the
ground is 61600gm.cm /sec find :
(First)
Magnitude of the velocity of the ball rebound.
(Second) The m aximum height which the ball attai ned after its rebound with the
ground.
(13)
[5.6m/sec, 1.6m]
: A ball of mass 200gm is projected vertically upwards with velocity of magnitude

9.8m I sec from a p oint at a distance 2.4 meters below the ceiling of a room, it collided
with it and rebounded vertically d own wards . If magnitude of its cha nge in
momentum due to collision with the ceiling is 15X 104 gm.cm /sec find magnitude of
the ball rebound.
(14)
[50cm/sec]
: A body of mass 70gm fell vertically downwards, and after 4 seconds it collided with a
lake surface, then it dived through the water with uniform velocity to cover 5 meters
Momentum
178
during 2 seconds. Find magnitude of the change in its momentum due to its collision
[2.569kg.m/sec]
with the lake surface.

(15)
I : A car moves along a straight road with a uniform velocity 90km I h to face a tempest
raging in an opposite direction to that of the car with a uniform velocity 19m I sec.
Given that the mass of a grain of sand
=25 milligram. Find the magnitude of the
momentum of the grain of sand relative to the car in gm.cm I sec]

(16)
[110 gm.cm/sec]
I : A fixed cannon fired a projectile of mass 2. 5kg. with a velocity of 320m I sec. in a
horizontal direction towards a tank moving with a velocity of 54km I h. and it hit it.
Find the absolute value of the momentum of the projectile, then calculate the
magnitude of the momentum of the projectile relative to., the tank:
(First)
If the tank is moving away of the connon.
(Second) If the tank is moving towards
the connon.
[800 , 762.5, 837.5kgm.m/sec]

(17)
I :A
body of mass
~ kgm is projected vertically downwards with a velocity one
meter I sec. Calculate its momentum at any instant, then prove that the rate of change
in its momentum with respect to the time is a constant vector and determine its
magnitude.
(18)
[4.9kg.m/sec21
I : A rocket is projec,ted vertically upwards with velocity 1BOkm I h. If its mass at any
instant ism= (25--0.001 t) kgm. Find the rate of change in its momentum after 15
seconds.
[-244. 766kgm.m/sec/l]
I 79
Newton's First Law

(1)
I : A car of mass 4.8 tons moves along a straight horizontal road with uniform velocity.
If the resistance to its motion equals 7.5kg. wt. per each ton of its mass. Find
magnitude of the driving force of the car engine.
(2)
[36kgm.wt]
I : A car of mass 8 tons moves along a straight horizontal road in a uniform motion.
Given that magnitude of the driving force of the car engine equals 112kgm.wt. Find
[14 kgm.uft]
magnitude of the resistance to the car per each ton of its mass.
(3)
I : A locomotive of mass 6 tons pulls a number of wagons the mass of each equals 3
tons
along a horizontal st. road with uniform velocity. If the magnitude of the driving
forr:;e of the locomotive equals 900kgm.wt, and the resistance to the motion of the
train equals 15kgm.wt per each ton of its mass. Find the number of the pulled
wagons . .
(4>
118,]
: A body is pulled along a horizontal st. road by a force of magnitude 1350kgm.wt, and
inclined at an angle of sine
~to the
horizontal, so the body moved in a uniform
motion against the road resistance which is equal to -of its weight. Calculate the
weight of the body and the normal reaction of the road.
(5)
[1440, 630 kgm.wt]
I : A car of weight 6 ton wt. a ascends a st. road inclind at angle of measure 30 to the
horizontal in a uniform motion. If the resistance of the road to its motion equals 25
kgm. wt per each ton of the car mass find the magnitude of the driving force of the car
[3150kgm.wt]
engine.
(6)
I :A body of weight 825kgm. wt. moves along a st. road of a plane inclined at an angle of
4
measure 8 to the horizontal where sin 8 = -under the action of a force of magnitude
5
740kgm.wt acting parallel to the plane. If the body is moving in a uniform motion
find each of the plane resistance to the motion and the pressure
of the body on the
plane.
[80, 495 kgm.wt]
: A car of weight 4 ton.wt, and its engine is stopped while it is moving down a road
inclined to the horizon at an angle 8 where sin 8
=-
with a uniform velocity.
50
Calculate the resistance per each ton of its mass measured in kg.wt.
(8)
[20 kg.wt]
I : A car of weight 4.5 ton weight moves along the line .of greatest slope of a plane
The Uniform Motion
l~O
inclined at an angle of sine
If the engine of this car is stopped it moves

50
downwards with uniform velocity. If the car engine is turned on, find magnitude of
the driving force of this car such that it ascends this plane with uniform velocity,
given that the resistance of the plane to the car is unchanged in the two cases of
motion.
(9)
[180kgm.wt]
: A car of weight 2. 7 ton.wt. moves on a straight horizontal road with a uniform

velocity when it reached the top of a ramp inclined to the horizontal at an angle
whose sinti,s 1 I 20, the driver stopped the motor of the car so it moved down the ramp
with
uniform velocity. Given that the resistance of the ramp is equal to 3 I 5 of the
resistance of the horizontal road, calculate magnitude of the driving force of the car
along the horizontal road.
[225 kgm.wt]
_.. ........
(10). : A particle moves in a uniform motion under the action of four coplanar forces F1 , F2 ,
_.._._
_...A,__...
A
A_..
A
AA A
F 3, F4, where F1 = 4i + 9j, F2 = 3i + j, F3 = i + 5j, i ,j are two perpendicular unit
_...
vectors. Find the magnitude and the direction of F 4 .
01>
[17 unit s, 241 56 ')
-""
: A particle moves in a uniform motion under the action of four coplanar forces F
1 , F2 ,
....:.. _...
A
A
_..
).
;.. _..
A
/\
__.,.
A
A
A
f\
F3' F4, where F1 =2i + kj , F 2 = -i + 4j, F3 =-3 i+ 2f, F4 = Li-9j , i ,j are two
perpendicular unit vectors in the plane of these forces find the value of L , k.
(12)
[2 , 3)
I :A metallic ball of weight 43.2gm.wt is left to fall vertically through a vertical tube full
of a viscid liquid. If the magnitude of the liquid resistance to the motion of the ball is
proportional to the magnitude of the ball velocity and given that the magnitude of the
resistance of the liquid to the ball = 28.Bgm.wt. when the magnitude of the ball
velocity
=1.Bcm I sec. calculate the magnitude of its velocity when it is uniform.

[2. 7 cm/sec.]
(13)
I :A
train of mass 150 tons moves on a straight fwrizontal road. Given that the
magnitude of the resistance of the road due to friction and otherwise is proportional
to the square of the magnitude of the velocity of the train and the resistance ,,,,J8kg.wt.
for each ton of the mass of the train when its velocity
=15km I h. find
the maximum
velocity of the train given that the maximum value of the engine force of the
train = 4800kg. wt.
(14)
[20km/h]
: A car of mass 3 tons moves along a horizontal st. road. Given that the road resistance
is directly proportional to the magnitude of the velocity of the car, and the maximum
The Uniform Motion
181
value of the driving force of the car engine equals 90kgm.wt, and the maximum
velocity of the car equals 150km I h. Find magnitude of the road resistance per each
ton, when the magnitude of its velocity equals 12.5 meter I sec.
(15)
[9kgm.wt]
: An airplane of mass 16 ton moves horizontally along a straight line. Given that the
magnitude of the air resistance to the plane is directly proportional to the square of
the velocity magnitude, and the maximum magnitude of the driving force of the plane
engine equals 7.2 ton. wt, and its maximum velocity equals 450km I h. Find
magnitude of the velocity of the plane when the magnitude of the air resistance
equals 50kgm. wt per ton.
(16)
[160km/h.J
: An aviator descends vertically with an opened parachute. Given that the magnitude of
the air resistance to his motion is directly proportional to the square of the magnitude
of his velocity, and magnitude of the air resistance equals 45kgm.wt, when the
magnitude of the velocity = 6km I h find magnitude of the descending velocity of the
man and his parachute when it becomes uniform given that the weight of the man
and his parachute = 80kg. wt.
(17)
[Skm/h]
: A parachutist descends vertically. Given that the air resistance to his motion is
directly proportional to the square of his velocity, and his maximum velocity equals
3.5m I sec, find the magnitude of his velocity, when the magnitude of the air
16
.
' weig
. h t.
resistance
to h'im equa l s _ ofh is
49
[2m/sec]
182
Newton's Second Law
THE FIRST GROUP:

(1)
I : Complete each of the following:

(a)0.75 kgm.wt =...................................... Newton= .............................. dyne.
(b)
50000 gm.wt =.................................... kgm.wt
(c) 88.2 X 106 dyne
=............................. Newton.
=............................... Newton =....... ,. ...................... kgm.wt.
(d) 147 Newton= ..................................... kgm.wt = ............................... gm.wt.

(e) 250 gm.wt= ....................................... dyne
(2)
=..................................... Newton .
: A body of mass 6.3 kgm. moves along a straight line with a uniform acceleration of
magnitude 280cm I sed2 . Find the magnitude of the force acting on this body
measured:
(First) Indyne .
(Second) In Newton .
(Third) In gm.wt.
(Fourth) In kgm.wt.
[1764000, 17.64, 1800, 1.8]

(3)
: A force
Facted upon a still body of mass
..!:.. ton to move it with uniform acceleration
5
......
a distance 49m during 5 seconds. calculate magnitude of F. in Newton and in
[784, 80]
kgm.wt.
(4)
I : A force of magnitude 2500 kgm.wt acted upon a still car of mass 3fJ20 kgm. Find the
distance covered by the car during 4 seconds from the instant of starting the motion.
Given that the car is moving with uniform acceleration.
[60m]
I : A force of magnitude 44.1 Newton acted upon a still body of mass 600gm. Calculate
.
(5)
magnitude of the momentum of this body at the end of 20 seconds from the start of
the motion in kgm. meter I sec if the body was moving with uniform acceleration.
[882]
(6)
I : When a
body was moving with velocity 240cm I sec. along a st. line, a force of
magnitude 19.2 Newton acted upon it so it changed its velocity into 43.2km I h after
an interval of half a minute. Find the mass of this body if it is moving with uniform
acceleration.
[60kgm]
183
Newton's Second Law

(7)
: A body moves along a straight horizontal line under the action of a force of
magnitude
= 2..
of its weight. Find magnitude of the velocity which this body
60
acquires after 2 minutes from the starting instant.

(8)
[19.6m/sec]
: A car of mass 490 kgm. was moving along a st. road with velocity 54 km I h. When its
brakes are used the car moved with uniform deceleration and it stopped after
covering a distance of 18 meters. Find magnitude of the resistance of the brakes
[312.5]
assuming that it is constant in kgm.wt.

(9)
: A car of mass 4.2 ton moves along a st. road. When its velocity was 72km I h, its
driving engine is stopped, and the brakes are used so the car moved with uniform
deceleration and its velocity decreased to 600cm I sec after half a minute from the
instant of using the brakes. Find magnitude of the resistance to the motion of the car
[200]
in kgm.wt.
(10)
: When a train was moving along a st. road with velocity 63km I h, its last waggon
whose mass is 7 ton is separated so it stopped due to a constant resistance of

magnitude 500kgm.wt. Find the time taken until it came to rest.
(11)
[25sec]
: When a cannon of mass 1.2 ton fires a projectile it retreats on a horizontal ground a
distance of 90cm. If the resistance of the ground to its motion is 300kgm.wt, find the
velocity with which the cannon starts retreating.
(12)
[2.1 m/sec]
: A car is moving along a st. road, when its velocity was 5.6m I sec, its brakes are used
to stop the car. Given that the magnitude of the resistance to the car motion equals
of its weight find the distance wltich it covered before coming to rest.
(13)
[4
.!.
5
ml
: A bullet of mass 24.5gm is fired horizontally with velocity of magnitude 60m I sec at a
fixed vertical target of wood. It penetrated the target in a time interval of
2.. sec and
60
lost
.!. of the magnitude of its velocity due to the resistance of wood. Find magnitude
3
of this r{!sistance assuming that it is constant.

(14)
[6 kgm.wt]
I : A bullet of mass 32gm is fired horizontally with velocity of magnitude lOOm/sec at a

vertical fixed target of wood to embed through it a distance 16cm before coming to
rest. Find magnitude of the wood resistance assuming that it is constant., and if the
same bullet is fired with the same velocity at another fixed target made of the same
wood of the first target and its thickness is 7cm only, find magnitude of the velocity
with which the bullet gets out of this target.
[1 OOON, 75 m/sec]
l 8-t
in
moves
space
JPlr>F"11'V
Of
acted upon it by a
It intered suddenly into a

. resistance whose
[142 m/sec]
remained 40 seconds through it.

(16)
: A bullet
28gm is fired horizontally
70m
ata
wall of
"'"'"_,,.,.,., out of the first

another wall a distanee 8cm
resistance
the
""'''u"'"' to rest. Given that

magnitude of the
wall
[280, 420NJ
resistance is constant in each case.
masses
nu,'"'''" F acted upon
the
accelerations
upon it,
it a velocity of
: A constant
acted upon another still
8 sec, and the
10 sec. If the two

upon this
the end
[30km/h]
the motion
{720kgm.wt]
acceleration,
the
[68]
Newton's Second Law
185
starting from rest. If it covered a distance 882 meters during one minute from the
starting instant, and the magnitude of the resistance to its motion is lOkgm.wt per
each ton of the train mass. Find magnitude of the force of the driving engine of the
(5700]
train in kgm. wt.

(4)
: A still body of mass 55kgm placed on a horizontal plane, and a force of magnitude
250kgm.wt acted upon this body to move it along a st. line with uniform acceleration
against the resistance of the plane whose magnitude equals 1625 Newton . Find
magnitude of the acquired acceleration.
[15m/sec2J
(5)
: A car of mass 1.5 ton started motion from rest along a horizontal st. road with
uniform acceleration under the action of the force of the car motor whose magnitude
equals 2685 Newton and a constant resistance whose magnitude equals 75 kgm.wt.
Find magnitude of the car velocity after half a minute of the starting instant.
(39 m/sec]
(6)
: A train of mass 40 tons, started motion from rest along a straight line with uniform
acceleration, so the train covered a distance 7.35 meters during 10 seconds from the
start. Given that the magnitude of the force of the driving engine equals 2400kgm.wt.
Find magnitude of the resistance to the motion per each ton of the train mass in
kgm.wt.
(7)
(45 kgm.wt]
: A car of mass 2.5 tons started motion from rest along a st. road with uniform
acceleration under the action of its motor driving force whose magnitude is
325kgm.wt, and the road resistance whose magnitude is 50kgm.wt per each ton of its
mass. Find magnitude of the car velocity after 25 seconds of the start of motion. If the
driving engine is stopped after this instant, and the magnitude of the resistance did
not change. Find the time taken after this instant until the car comes to rest. (40 sec]
(8)
: A train of mass 84 tons started motion from rest along a st. horizontal line with
uniform acceleration, the magnitude of its driving engine force is 4860kgm.wt, an.d
magnitude of the road resistance equals15 kgm.wt per each ton of its mass. Find
magnitude of the train velocity after 50 seconds of starting its motion. And if the
driving engine is stopped after this instant, find the distance which the train covers
before it comes to rest given that the resistance is unchanged.
(9)
[21m/sec, 1500m]
: A train of mass 245 tons moves from rest along a st. horizontal line with uniform
Newton's Second Law
186
acceleration, and magnuude of its driving engine force is 4200kgm.wt, and the
magnitude of the resistance equals lOkgm.wt per each ton of the train mass. Calculate
when the magnitude of the train velocity amounts to 63km I h. and if the driving
engine is stopped after this instant, and the brakes are used such that the magnitude
of the resistance to the motion of the train becomes 500kgm. wt per each ton of its
mass. Calculate the distance which the train covers after this moment before it comes
to rest.
(10)
[250 sec., 31.25m]
: A car of mass 1.2 tons moves along a horizontal st. road with uniform velocity, and
magnitude of the resistance to its motion equals
!... of its weight. Find magnitude of

4
the driving force of the car motor. If the magnitude of the resistance to the car motion
is reduced to 50 kgm.wt per each ton of its mass, while the car moved with uniform
[1.96m/se~]
acceleration. Find magnitude of this acceleration.

(11)
: A body moves from rest with uniform acceleration along a straight horizontal line
!... of
0 1
its weight, and a resitance opposite to the direction of motion and its magnitude ~ -under the action of a force in the same direction of motion and its magnitude
120
of its weight. Find magnitude of the velocity of the body after 2 minutes of starting the
motion.
(12)
[9.8m/sec]
: A train of mass 56 ton moves along a st. line with uniform velocity of magnitude
88.2km I h, and during the motion the last wagon, of the train whose mass is 7 tons is
separated of the train and moved in a retarded motion until it came to rest. Given
that magnitude of the resistance to the train equals 40 kgm.wt per each ton of its mass
find:
(i) Magnitude of the driving force of the train engine.
(ii) The time taken by the separted wagon before it_ comes to rest and magnitude of the
velocity of the remainder train at the end of this time .
[2240kg.wt, 62.5 sec, 28m/sec]
(13)
: A train of mass 75 tons, moves along a horizontal st. road with uniform velocity of
magnitude 44.lm/sec, and during this motion, the last waggon of the train whose
mass is 5 tons is separated from the train, and stopped after 1
!...
2
minutes from the
instant of separation. Find :

(i)
Magnitude of the resistance per each ton of the train mass given that it is constant .
Newton's Second Law
187
(ii) Magnitude of the force of the driving engine.

(iii) The distance between the separated waggon and the remaining part of the train
after one minute of the instant of separation.
(14)
[50kgm.wt, 3750kgm.wt, 945 ml
: A body of mass 5kgm is placed on a horizontal plane, and pulled by a string which is
inclined at angle of measure 60 to the horizontal so it moved on the plane along a st.
line with uniform acceleration, where it covered a distance 18 meters during half a
minute starting from rest. Given that magnitude of the resistance to its motion equals
2-of its weight, find magnitude of the tension in the string, and magnitude of the
5
[20, 32 Newton]
normal reaction of the plane on the body.

(15)
: A force of magnitude 39kgm.wt, and makes an angle of measure (}to the vertical
downwards, cos (} =
~ acted upon a body of mass 24kgm, which is placed on a
13
horizontal plane to move it along a st. line with uniform acceleration. Given that
magnitude of the resistance to the motion of this body equals }:_ of its weight, find
4
magnitude of the acceleration of motion of this body and the normal reaction of the
plane on it.
(16)
[124m/sec2, 39kgm.wt]
: A body of mass 200gm fell vertically downwards, from a height of 10 meters above a
horizontal surface of a sandy ground, and when it reached this surface it embedded
50cm through the ground before coming to rest. Find in kgm.wt magnitude of the
ground resistance assuming that it is constant.
(17)
[4.21
: A body of mass 500gm fell vertically downwards, from a height of 22.5 meters above
the surface of a sandy ground. When it reached the surface, it embedded through the
ground. Find the distance which the body covered through the ground before coming
to rest given that magnitude of the ground resistance is constant and equals
372.4 Newton.
(18)
[30cm]
: A body of mass 40gm fell vertically downwards from a certain height above the
surface of a sandy ground, then penetrated through the ground 4cm before coming to
rest. Given that magnitude of the ground resistance is constant and equals
6.44kgm.wt. Find the height from which the body fell.
(19)
I :A
[6.4m]
helicopter of mass 2 tons is ascending vertically with uniform acceleration

0.49m I sec2 against a constant resistance of magnitude 450kgm.wt per each ton of its
Newton's Second Law

motor in
[8000]
(20)
: A helicopter of mass 3 tons moves vertically downwards with uniform acceleration
against a constant resistance of magnitude -:r:v'"'"'~"'L
ton
that the magnitude of the plane
mass. Given
magnitude of
the acceleration wi,_th which the

(21)
cm/sec2J
: A balloon of mass 70kgm. is moving
acceleration
force which is acting
of magnitude 84cm
on the balloon, and
(22)
420cm I sec. Find
its ascend
given that the air
[64kgm.wt, 294cm]
mass
There is a body
upwards with
mass m which
acceleration
m 1 fell from
~g. prove that
};_ m ,
resistance are constant
(23)
that
and the air
two cases.
: A body is projected
63m from the point
to reach a maximum
the air resistance to
this body is constant

descending cases. Find the time
the instant of projecti(l'flf;o
return to the point A once more.
[7.7 sec]
THE THIRD GROUP:

........
(1)
: A body of mass 2 units moves under the

A
A..;>.
=13i + 8j, F2 =5i-
of the forces. Find the acceleration
its
[15 unit, 306 52']
and its direction.

(2)
where F1
are two pe17)end,icutar unit vectors in the plane
I :A body of mass m units moves

A
_...
4mj ,
F2
vectors in
magnitude
= 2mi
_,.
direction.
unit
66']
Newton's Second L aw
(3)
......
: A body of mass 3 units. A force Facts upon this body. After a time t, the velocity of the
body is given by the relation :
V = ( 2- t2 + 7t) ~ , where ~ i~ a unit vector in the direction of F. Find F and its

2
(4)
magnitude when t =2 units .

[39~, 39)
......
: A force Facts upon a body so its displacement after a time " t" is given by
+ 2t) ~, where ~ is a unit vector in the direction of If the momentum of
7
A
-"this body after 3 seconds is 19c, find the mass of this body and the magnitude of F .
S= (
(5)
_ ?
[3.5 units, 4 units]
: A body of mass 4 units is moving under the action of a force F, and its displacement is
given by:
-
.9.
.9.
,I,
S = ( - r + 5) i + (2r + 3) j , where i , j are two perpendicular unit vectors in the

2 ,..,.
.....
plane of F . Find the vector F , then determine its magnitude and its direction.
-""
,I.
[F =12i + 16j , 20 unit, Tan

(6)
e =4/31
..:..
: A force F acted upon a body of mass 3 units, so its displacement after a time "t" is
given by:
S = ( !!.__ k .f3 +
3
~ bt2J ~,
where
~ is
a unit vector in the direction of
F, K, b are two
A
constant numbers. Given that the momentum of this body when t
=1 is 27c,
force vector at the same instant is 72c. Find the values of k , b.

(7)
: A particle of mass one unit moves under the action of three

_..
F1
=ki + 13),
_,.
F2
...::..
[k
and the
=3, b =-2)
coplanor forces:
= Bi-15), F3 = bj-5i where i ,j are two perpendicular unit vectors
in the plane of these forces . If the displacement vector of this body as a function of the
time "t" is given by :
-
,2,..
}.
l-1, 21
S = (t + I r i + (2 -3t)j. Find the values of k , b.

(8)
: A body of mass 1.5kg. moves such that the two algebraic components of its velocity in
the horizontal a nd vertical directions are Vx = 4m I sec. and Vy
= (-9.8 t
+ 4) m I sec.
Determine the magnitude and the direction of the initial velocity of this body and
also the force vector acting on it.
(9)
[4
{2 m/sec, 45 ,-14.7j]
: A body of mass 4kg. moves such that the two algebraic components of its displacement
in the horizontal and vertical directions are Sx = 4.5t metres, Sy
= (6t + 4.9t2J metres.
Newton's Second Law
190
Determine the magnitude and the direction of the initial velocity of the body and find
the force vector acting on the body measured in units of kg.wt.
[7.5m/sec., 53 8', 4k.wt. vertically upwards]
(10)
: A body of mass 3 kgm., moves under the action of three coplanar forces :
A
...lo.
_...
4i-2j, F2 = 13i + 5}, F 3

time "t" is given by :
~
_9.A
= 7i + 15}.
If the displacement vector of this body after a
A A
S =(kt+ 1>2 i + brj, where i ,j are two perpendicular unit vectors in the same plane
of the forces, k , b , are two the constant numbers. Find: (i) Values of k , b
(ii) Magnitude and direction of the acceleration of this body. (iii) The instant at which
the magnitude of the velocity of this body equals 6 {5units.

[2 , 3 , 10 units, tan
(11)
: If the position vector
e= ~
4
, t = 1J
pof a particle after a time t is given by p = (2t + 1) (t- 2>2 t,
where c is a constant unit vector, magnitude of pin cm, t in seconds. Determine the
velocity vector, and if the mass of the body is variable and given by m
.!:__ (t + 2)
2
gm after a time "t". Find the force vector acting on the particle, and calculate its
magnitude when the particle stops.
[ 35 , 20]
3
(12)
: A ball of mass 7gm. moves along a straight line inside air loaded with dust, such that
the dust accumulates on its surface at the rate of 0.5gm per second and the ball
displacement
_...
is given as a function of the time (t) by S
1 _q
=( _
3
).
r- 4t + 2) c, where c
'
is a unit vector in the direction of the motion of the ball. Find the force vector acting
on the ball and find its magnitude at t
(13)
=2 seconds.
[32dyne]
A
: A particle moves in the dirjction of a constant unit vector c , its position vector after a
time "t" is given by p =( _t- +' 1- + 9) ~,
in cm, t in sec. Find the displacement
24
t+3
and the velocity vectors at any instant, and if the mass of this particle after a time "t"
ism
= 8 (t
sr.
Find the force vector at any instant, and its magnitude when the
particle comes to rest.
[40dyne]
191
Newton's Third Law and the

Motion of a Body in a Lift
Moving Vertically
<1>
A man of mass 70kgm, stands on the floor of a lift. Find magnitude of the floor
reaction in each of the following cases :
(i) The lift is moving downwards with uniform velocity.
(ii) The lift is moving downwards with uniform acceleration of magnitude
1.4 7m I sec2 .
(iii) The lift is moving upwards with uniform acceleration of magnitude 1.47m I sec?.
[70, 69.6, 80.6 kgm.wt]

(2)
I :A
body of mass 50kgm is placed on the fioor of a lift moving vertically. Find
magnitude of the pressure of the body on the fioor in each of the following cases:
(a) The lift is moving with uniform velocity.
(b)
The lift is moving upwards with uniform acceleration of magnitude 20cm/sec?.
(c) The lift is moving downwards with uniform acceleration of magnitude 80cm I sec?.
(d) The lift is moving upwards with uniform deceleration of magnitude 80cm/sec?.
[490, 600, 460, 460 Newton]

(3)
I : A body of mass 245gm is suspended vertically by a string, fixed to the ceilling of a lift,
which is moving vertically upwards find magnitude of the tension in the string in
each of the following cases in gm. wt :
(i) The motion with uniform acceleration of magnitude 40cm I sec?.
(ii) The motion with uniform velocity.
(iii) The motion with uniform deceleration of magnitude 50cm I sec?.
[266 , 246, 232.6gm.wt]
(4)
: A body of mass 98kgm is suspended vertically by a string connected to the ceilling of a

lift which starts motion from rest vertically upwards with uniform acceleration of
magnitude 0. 7m/ sec?. After 10 seconds, the accleration vanished and the lift moued
with uniform velocity for 20 seconds, afterwards, it moued with uniform deceleration
Newton's Third Law

of magnitude 0.3m I sec2. Find magnitude
the tension in the string in each stage in
kgm.wt.
(5)
[105, 98, 95]
: A body is suspended by a string from the hook of a spring balance fixed to a balloon
moving vertically. If the magnitude of the tension in the string during the ascending
of the balloon with uniform acceleration of magnitude 2. 45m I sec2 is 50 kgm. wt. Find
the mass of this body, and if the balloon descends with the same acceleration find
magnitude of the tension in the string in this case.
(6)
[40kgm, 30kgm.wt]
. A body of mass 63kgm is placed on the base of a box of mass 35kgm. The box is lifted
means
rope to
1.4m I sec2. Find magnitude of the pressure of the body on the base of the box, and
if the rope is cut, find
magnitude of the tension in the rope which carries the

the pressure of the body on the base of the
(7)
[72, 112kgm.wt, OJ
coal when it was at rest at
: A lift with a pressure balance on its
Aterwards the
balance was
the bottom of a
lift ascended with uniform acceleration 2A5m
1Om. then with a
uniform velocity a distance of 5m., then with retardation a distance. of 20m until it
stopped at the top of the mine. Find the reading of the balance measured in kg.wt.
[1250, 1000, 8715kgm.wt]
during the three distances.

(8)
: If the real weight of a body equals
Bkgm, and its apparent weight as shown by a
spring balance fixed to the ceilling of a lift is 11.52kgm. Find magnitude and
direction of the acceleration of the lift.
[98cm/sec 2 downwards]
(9)
: The total mass of a lift
its contents is BOOkgm. If the maximum value of the

the lift is
it is
tension in the rope

find the minimum distance
ut:<5t:e,nu.~ni::
comes to rest if it
covers
velocity 21 Ocm I sec.

(10)
<:>rnvron
with a
[45cm]
: A lift moves vertically with
during its motion
vertically,
this lift is weighed
acceleration. A
means of a
balance
means of a
common balance fixed to the lift, the reading of

second the body is balanced with weights
balance is 3.57kgm, and in

mass """'"'"'"L.
the direction of
its
rest.
[2.45m/sec upwards]
Newton's Third Law

(11)
193
I : A child stands on a pressure balance fixed to the fioor of a lift ascending with an
acceleration of magnitude l .96m I sec2, so the balance records 24kgm. wt. Find the
real weight of the child, and if the reading of this balance when the lift is descening
is 16kgm.wt. Find magnitude of the acceleration of descend.
[20kgm.wt, 1.96 m/sec2]

(12)
I : A body of mass 200gm. is suspended from the hook of spring balance fixed in the
ceiling of a lift moving vertically. Find the magnitude and the direction of the
acceleration with which the lift moves if the balance reading is :
(a) 210 gm.wt.
(b)
170 gm.w_t.
(c) 200 gm.wt.
[49, 147, 0 cm/sec2J

(13)
I : In an experiment to determine the gravitational acceleration, a body of mass 1.5kg. is

suspended by the hook of a spring balance fixed to the ceilling of a lift then the
reading of the balance is recorded in the cases of ascending and descending of the lift
with uniform acceleration of the same magnitude. If the two readings are 16.5 and
12. 75 Newtons, calculate the value of the gravitational acceleration in the place of the
experiment and magnitude of the lift acceleration.
(14)
[9. 75, 1.25 m/sec2J
I :A pressure balance is fixed to the fioor of a lift moving vertically. A man stands on the
balance, and recorded the reading of the balance, when the lift is ascending with
acceleration of magnitude "a" m/sec2, and when it is descending with acceleration of
mag~:3am/sec2. The ratio between the two readings was 9: 5 prove that a=
2-. g,
8
where g is the gravitational acceleration, and if the mass of the man equals 64kgm.
Find the reading of the balance in the first case.
(15)
[72kgm.wt]
: A pressure balance is fixed to the fioor of a lift moving vertically. A man stands on the
balance. If the balance records 70kgm. wt when the lift is ascending with uniform
acceleration of magnitude"a~cm/sec2, and records 40kgm.wt when the lift is
descending with uniform acceleration of magnitude 2acm/sec2, find "a" and the mass
of the man.
(16)
[490/3 cm/sec/2, 60kgm]
I :A spring balance is fixed to the ceilling of a lift moving vertically. A body is suspended
from the hook of this balance. If the balance records the reading 8kgm.wt, when the
lift is ascending with uniform acceleration of magnitude "a" cm/ sec?, and records the
reading 5.5kgm.wt when the lift is descending with uniform acceleration of
J94
Newton's Third Law

magnitude 3a I 2cm I se/2. Find value of "a" and the mass of the body, then calculate
the reading of the balance when the lift is descending with uniform deceleration of
magnitude a/2cm/se/2.
(17)
[140, 7kgm, 7.5kgm.wt]
: A man of mass "m ''gm, stands on a pressure balance fixed to the fioor of a lift moving
vertically. If the magnitude of the acceleration during the ascend of the lift is
a 1cm I se/2, and during the descend is a~m I se/2, prove that the difference between the
magnitudes of the pressure of the man on the fioor of the lift in the two cases equals
m (a 1 + a~ dyne and if the mass of the lift
=mlgm, prove that the difference between
the magnitudes of the tension in the rope carrying the lift equals:
(a 1 + afi (m + m') dyne.
(18)
: A lift ascends from rest with a uniform acceleration for 4 seconds then with uniform
velocity for 3 seconds then with a uniform decerleration for 2 seconds so it comes to
rest when it reaches a point 9.6m. high above the starting point. Find magnitude of
the acceleration in each of the first and last stages, and if there is a man of mass
73.5kg. inside the lift, find his pressure on the fioor of the lift during each of the three
stages measured in kg.wt.
[76.5, 73.5, 67.5 kg.wt.]
195
( Motion On Inclined Planes ]

(First) The Motion on a Smooth Inclined Plane:
<1>
A smooth plane inclined at angle of sine
!... to
the horizon. A body is projected
20
upwards with velocity 196cm I sec along the line of greatest slope of this plane. Find
the maximum distance which the body moues before it comes to rest, and the time
[392cm, 4 sec]
taken to descend to the same point of projection.

(2)
: A body of mass 5kgm is placed on a smooth inclined plane. It moued downwards

along the line of greatest slope, a distance 39.2 meters during 4 seconds from the
start. Find measure of the angle of inclination of the plane to the horizon, and if a
force F acted upon the body along the line of greatest slope upwards to move the body
upwards with unform acceleration of magnitude 98cm I sec2. Find magnitude of
F.
tso, Skgm.wtJ
<3>
: A body of mass 6.5kgm is placed on a smooth plane inclined to the horizon at an

angle fl, where sin 0
= .!?... . A
force of magnitude 16. 7 Newton acted upon this body

13
in the direction of the line of greatest slope upwards. Find the magnitude and
direction of the acceleration which the body acquired, and magnitude of its velocity
after 8 sec, then calculate magnitude of the plane reaction on the body.
[1.2m/sec2 downwards, 9.6m/sec, 6kgm.wt]
, <4>
: A body of mass 14kgm is placed on a smooth plane inclined at an angle 8 to the

horizon, where sin 0 = .!. . A force Facted upon the body along the line of the greatest
~
slope upwards to moue the body with uniform velocity. Find magnitude of F. If the
magnitude of this force is increased by 6.3 Newton and its direction is unchanged.
Find magnitude and direction of the acceleration which the body acquired.
[58.8N, 45cm!sec2up.]
(5)
I : A body of mass Bkgm is placed on a smooth plane inclined at an angle of measure 30

to the horizon. A force of magnitude 59.2 Newton acted upon this body along the line
of the greatest slope upwards. Find magnitude of the velocity of this body after 14sec
from the starting instant and if the action of the force vanished afterwards, find the
distance covered by the body .on the plane before it comes to rest.
[36m/sec, 125m]
196
(6)
Motion on Inclined Planes

: A body of mass 12 kgm is placed on a smooth plane inclined at an angle of measure
30 to the horizon, A horizontal force acted upon the body towards the plane to
acquire the body an acceleration of magnitude 2.45m I sec2 . Find the ft1,agnitude of
this force and magnitude of the plane reaction in kgm.wt.
[6
(7)
{i, 9 {ii
: A body of mass one kilogram is placed on a smooth plane inclined at angle 0 to the
horizon, where sin 0 =
.5 . A horizontal force of magnitude 8.9 Newton acts on this
body towards the plane in the vertical plane containing the line of greatest slope of
the inclined plane. Find magnitude and direction of the acceleration which the body
acquires, and magnitude of the plane reaction.
[2.5m/sec2 down., 13 NJ
(8)
: A body of mass 3.4kgm is placed on a smooth plane inclined at angle Oto the horizon,
where sin 0 = .!!_ , A force
17
F acted upon the body, such that it inclines at angle of
measure a to the line of greatest slope upwards in the same vertical plane which
contains the line of greatest slope, where sin a
= i. . If the body moved along the line
5
of greatest slope with uniform acceleration of magnitude 1.96m I sec2. upwards. Find
magnitude of F and the plane reaction.

(9)
[2.86, 1.29kgm.wt]
: A body of mass 5.2 kgm is placed on a smooth plane inclined at angle Oto the horizon,
where tan 0
= !!_.
A force of magnitude 4
12
{2kgm.wt acted upon the body in the
vertical plane containing the line of greatest slope of the incline such that it makes an
angle of measure 45 up the plane. Find magnitude and direction of the acquired
acceleration. Also find magnitude of the pressure of the body on the plane.
49
[
m/sec2 upwards, 0.8kgm.wt]
13
(10)
: A body of mass 7 kgm is placed on a smooth p_lane inclined at angle 60 to the

horizon. A force of magnitude 5kgm.wt acted upon this body towards the plane and
makes an angle of measure 30 with the horizon upwards. Find magnitude and
direction of the acceleration produced. Find also the magnitude of the plane reaction.
[1.4 VSm!sec2 downwards, 6 kgm.wt]
(11)
I : A body of mass 12 kgm
is placed on a smooth plane inclined to the horizon by an

-li.
angle of measure 45 to the horizon. A force F acted on this body in the vertical plane
containing the line of greatest slope such that it makes an angle of measure 30 with
197
the line of greatest slope and towards the plane. If the body moved downwards with
uniform acceleration of magnitude 2.45 {2m I sec2. Find magnitude of
[2 ViJkgm.wt]
(12)
: A body of mass 6kgm is placed on a smooth inclined plane. It is found that if a force
of magnitude 33.6 Newton acts upon this body along the line of greatest slope
upwards, it will move up the plane with uniform acceleration of magnitude
"a" cm/ sec2 , and if a force of magnitude 21 Newton acts upon it in the same direction
of the first force, it will move down the plane with uniform acceleration of magnitude
2acm I sec2 . Find the value of a and measure of the inclination angle of the plane.
[70 cm/sec2, 30]
<13)
: A body of mass 4kgm is placed on a smooth plane inclined at angle of measure 8 to the
4
_..
=- .
A _..
Three forces F1 =4i + j, F2 =-2i + 3), Fa= i-5j act on

A
5
this body, where i is a unit vector in the direction of the line of greatest slope
horizon, where sin()
A
upwards, and j is a unit vector perpendicular to each of i and the plane. Find
magnitude and direction of the acceleration which the body acquires and magnitude
of the plane reaction given that magnitude of these forces in kgm. wt.
[49cm/sec2 down, 3.4 kgm.wt]

<14)
: A body of mass 5 kgm is placed on a smooth plane inclined to the

_..
"'
A..:..
hori~<m at
A
A-
an angle
11
I\
of measure(), where sin()= 0.6. Three forces F1 = ki-3j, F = 3i + 4), Fa= 5i + bj act
2
/\ A
"
on this body, where i , j are two perpendicular unit vectors, i in the direction of the
/\
line of greatest slope upwards, j J. to the plane, k, b are two constant numbers. If the body
moved from rest under these forces a distance 73.Sm during 10 seconds, and the magnitude of the
plane reaction
= 4kgm.wt.
Find the values of k, b given that magnitudes of these forces in
kgm.wt.
[-4.25,-1]
<Second> Moti.on on a Rouw Inclined Plane:

(1)
I : A body of mass 24kgm is projected with velodty of magnitude 14m/sec in the direction of the line
. of greatest slope upwards of a plane inclined at an angle of sitd to the horizon. If the magnitude
40
of the resistance to the motion of this body equals 360gm.wt. Find the distance which this body
covers before it comes to rest, and if this body returned along the same line under the same
resistance. Find magnitude of the velocity of the body when it reaches the same point of
projedion.
[250m, 7m/sec]
198
(2)
: A train of mass 500 ton moves along the line of greatest slope up a plane inclined at an angle of
sine ; to the horizon under 'the action of the locomotive force wlz9se magnitude equals 40 ton
0
weight, and the resistance to the motion which is equal to 20 kgm.wt per each ton of the train
mass. Find magnitude of the acceleration of motion of the train.
(3)
[9.8cm/sec2J
1
: A car of mass 12 ton moves along the line of greatest slope up plane inclined at angle of sine - -
200
to the horizon under the adion of a resistance of magnitude 5 kgm.wt per each ton of the mass of
the car. If the car is moving with uniform acceleration of magnitude 49/3cm/sec2. Find
magnitude of the driving force of its motor in kgm.wt, and if its engine is stopped when its
velocity was 14.7m/sec. Find the time taken before the car romes to rest.
(4)
[3Wkgm.wt, 150 sec]
: A car of mass 2 tons descends along the line of greatest slope of a plane inclined at angle of sine-100
to the horizon with uniform acceleration of magnitude 14.7cm/sec2. If the magnitude of the force
of the car motor is 60kgm.wt. Find magnitude of the resistance per each ton of the car mass in
kgm.wt.
(5)
[25)
: If the motor of a car is broken, then it descends along the line of greatest slope of a plane inclined
at angle of sine ..!:_ to the horizon with uniform velodty. Find the distance which this car can
100
.
ascend on the same road until it comes to rest, if it is pushed with velodty 1.4m/sec upwards
given that the resistanc e of the plane is constant in the two cases.
[Sm]
(6)
I :A locomotive of mass 150 tons and magnitude of its engine driving force equals 60 ton.wt. It pulls
a number of wagons, the mass of each equals 18 tons, ascending a plane inclined at angle of sine
2-to the horizon along the line of greatest
slope with uniform accelera,tion of magnitude
.
20
19.6cm/sec2. Given that magnitude of the resistance equals 30kgm.wt per each ton of the train
mass. Find number of wagons.
(7)
[25]
a~d inclines at an angle of sine..!:_ to the horizon. A body

100
started motion from the top of the incline with velodty of magnitude 14cm/sec, a1)d w~en it
: An inclined plane of length 3 meters,
reached the bottom of the incline it continues its motion on a horizontal plane along a st. line. If
the body is moving with uniform acceleration in each of the two distances, and magnitude of the
velodty of the body does not change when the body leaves the inclined to the horizontal plane and
magnitude of the resistance in each stage equals 2-of the ~ght of the body. Find the distance
200
which the body moves on the horizontal plane before it comes to rest.
[3.2m]
199
Applications on Newton's laws

1st Application: Problems on Motion of a system of two bodies are hanging vertically from
the ends of a string which passes over a pulley:
(l)
Two bodies of masses of 420, 280 gm. are tied at the two ends of a light string which
passes over a fixed smooth pulley, the system starts motion vertically from rest, find:
a. The magnitude of the acceleration of the system.
b. The magnitude of the tension in the string in gm. wt
c. The velocity of the two bodies after 3 seconds from the beginning of the motion.
(196 cm/sec
(2)
336 gm. wt., 588 cm/sec)
Two bodies of masses of 25, 24kg. are tied at the two ends of a light string which passes
over a smooth pulley, Find:

b. The magnitude of the pressure on the pulley in Newton.
c. And if the system starts motion from rest when the two bodies are on the same
horizontal level, find the vertical distance between them after 1 second.
2
(20 cm/sec , 480 Newton, 20 cm)
(3)
(4)
A light string passing round a smooth pulley holds at its end a scale pan of mass 30 gm.
a body of mass 110 gm. is placed on the pan, and the other end holds a body mass 210
gm. If the system starts motion, find the magnitude of the pressure on the pulley and
the magnitude of the pressure on the scale pan in gm. wt.
(336, 132 gm. wt}
Two scale pans each of them is of mass 20 gm. are hanged at the two ends of a light
string passes over a smooth pulley, a body of mass 140 gm. is placed on one of the two
pans, and another body of mass 100 gm. is placed on the other pan. Calculate:
a. The magnitude of the common acceleration of the system.
b. The magnitude of the tension in the string.
c. The magnitude of the pressure on each pan.
2
(140 I sec , 137 gm. wt., 120, 114
(S)
7 gm. wt.)
Two bodies of masses 140 gm. and "m" gm. are connected by the two ends of a string
passing over a smooth pulley. If the system starts motion from rest when the two bodies
are on the same horizontal level and the magnitude of the pressure on the pulley is 240
gm. wt. Find the magnitude of K and the vertical distance between the two bodies after
2 seconds from the beginning of motion.
(105 gm., 560 cm)
(6)
Two bodies of masses "m" and 42 gm. are hanged from the ends of a light string which
passes over a smooth pulley, the system starts motion from rest when the two bodies
are on the same horizontal level, and the mass "m" moved vertically downwards till the
vertical distance between it and the other body became 1260 cm after 3 sec from the
beginning of motion. Find the magnitude of acceleration and the value of "m". And if
200
(7)
(8)
the string is cut at this instant, find the maximum height that the mass of 42 gm. can
reach.
(140 cm/sec2, 56 gm., 720 cm)
Two scale pans the mass of each is of 35 gm., are connected by an inelastic light string
that passes over a small smooth pulley, a body of mass 280 gm. is placed on one of the
two pans, while another body of mass "m" gm. is placed on the other pan. If the pan
with the first mass descends a distance of 560 cm from rest in 2 seconds. Find the
magnitude of the acceleration of the system and the magnitude of the magnitude of the
tension of the string and also the value of the mass "m".
(280 cm/sec2, 225 gm. wt., 140 gm)
A light string is passing over a smooth small pulley and holds at its two ends two bodies
of masses of 500, 300 gm. vertically below the pulley, write the equation of motion of
each of the two masses then determine the magnitude of the acceleration of the
system, and the magnitude of the tension in the string. And if the system starts motion
from rest then the string is cut after 2 seconds. Mention the maximum height that the
mass of 300 gm. ascended from its original position, and the time taken to inverse its
motion direction.
2
(245 cm/sec , 375 gm.wt, 612 2 cm, 2 sec)
(9)
(10)
(11)
Two bodies of mass 45, 25 gm. are attached to the two ends of a light string passes over
a smooth pulley, the system started its motion when the two bodies were on the same
horizontal level at a height of 65cm from the floor surface and the string is cut after J1 a
second from the beginning of motion. Find:
b. The velocity of the system immediately before cutting the string.
c. The velocity of each of the two bodies when they reach the floor surface.
(280 cm/sec2, 140, 280, 140 '111 cm/sec)
Two bodies of masses 280, 210 gm. are tied at the two ends of a light string which
passes over a smooth pulley; the system starts motion from rest when the two bodies
are on the same horizontal level. If the string is cut after 3 seconds from the beginning
of motion. Find the distance between the two bodies after one more second from
cutting the string.
(2100 cm)
Two bodies are hanged at the 2 ends of a string passing over a smooth pulley, the
string holds a light spring balance (can neglect its weight). If we hold the string at the
pulley, the reading of the balance is 200 gm. wt. and if we left the string and the system
started motion the reading became 300gm. wt. Find the mass of each of the two bodies.
(200, 600gm)
(12) A light string passes over a smooth fixed pulley, and it holds at one of the ends a body
mass of 210 gm. and at the other end a spring balance of mass 35gm which hangs a
body of mass 105 gm. If the system starts motion from rest, find:
a.
The magnitude of the tension in the string.

b. The reading of the spring balance.
(168, 126gm.wt)
201
(13)
Two bodies of masses of 500 gm. and "m" gm. are tied to the ends of a string
passing over a smooth pulley; the system starts motion with velocity 40 cm/sec, such
that the mass "m" descends with this velocity vertically downwards. And after 4
seconds, it's found that this mass returned to its starting position. Prove that the
magnitude of the acceleration equals 20 cm/sec2 And find the value of "m" and the
magnitude of the tension in the string in Newton.
(480 gm., 4.8 Newton)
(14)
A thread passing over a smooth pulley holding at its two ends two bodies of masses
of 70, "m" gm. Find the greatest value of "m" if the thread cannot stand a tension of
more than 40 gm. wt.
(28 gm.)
(15) A rope is passing over a smooth pulley and attached to one of its ends a body of
mass 76 kg. Find the magnitude of acceleration that can let a man of mass 70kg
climbs the rope from its other side to keep the mass at the first ;ide of the rope at
rest.
(84 m/sec
(16) A thread passes over a smooth pulley; a body of mass 80 gm. is attached to one of
its ends and on the other end 2 bodies of masses 180 gm., 60 gm. The system starts
motion from rest for one second. Find the magnitude of the acceleration of the
system, & the magnitude of the tension in the thread. If the body of the mass 180
gm. is separated at this instant, Prove that the system will come to rest again after 3
M seconds more.
2
(490 cm/sec , 120gm.wt)
(17)
Two pans of an ordinary balance scale (common balance) the mass of each pan is
100 gm., they are connected by a light string passes over a smooth pulley that's
vertically fixed. A body of mass 150 gm. is placed on one pan & a body of mass 350
gm. is placed on the other pan. The motion of the system starts from rest. Find the
magnitude of the acceleration of the system and the distance that each mass will
cut after 3 seconds from the beginning of motion, and if the greatest mass is
dropped from the pan then; Prove that the time taken from the beginning of motion
till the system is back to its first position is:
(5 + '110 sec)
(18)
(19)
Two bodies of mass 44, 36 gm. are tied at the two ends of a string passes round a
smooth pulley, then beginning of motion 36 gm. is attached to another string that
holds at its end a body of mass 30 gm. vertically. The system starts motion when the
mass of 30 gm. was at a height of 12.5 cm above the ground. Prove that the 36 gm.
mass will rest instantaneously when it's at a height of 35 cm above the ground,
given that the length of the string connecting the two masses 36, 30 gm. is 60 cm.
Two bodies of masses "mi': "m/' are tied to a light string passes over a smooth
pulley; it is found that if a third mass of 120 gm. is added to the first mass, this mass
will descend with an acceleration of "a" cm/sec2, and if the 120 gm. mass is added
to the second mass instead of the first one, this mass will descend with an
202
(20)
acceleration of "3a" cm/sec2. Determine the difference between the two masses m 1
& m2 then find the value of each of them when a =84 cm/sec2.
{60m., 320 gm., 260 gm.)
Two bodies of equal masses are tied by a light string passing round a smooth pulley.
The two bodies were on the same horizontal level, and the length of each side of the
string is 30 cm. A body of mass 9 gm. is placed over one of the two bodies and the
system starts motion from rest. It is found that the vertical distance between the
two bodies is 20 cm after one second, and then the 9 gm. mass is separated. Find
the value of the two masses, and the time taken after separating the 9 gm. mass so
that the ascending mass hits the pulley. And Find the difference between the two
magnitudes of the magnitude of the tension in the string in the two cases in Dyne.
(216 gm., 1 second, 4320 Dyne)
2nd Application: Problems on The motion of a system of two bodies, one of them is
moving on a smooth horizontal plane, the other's moving vertically.
(21) A body of mass 350 gm. is placed on a smooth horizontal table, then it is connected by a
light string passing over a smooth pulley at the edge of the table whose other end holds
a body of mass 140 gm. Find the magnitude of the acceleration of the system and the
magnitude of the tension in the string. If the string is cut after just one second from the
beginning of motion, find the distance that each of the two bodies will cut after J1
second from the moment of cutting the string.
(280 cm/sec2, 100 gm. wt., 140 cm, 262.5 cm)
(22) A body of mass 600 gm. rests on a smooth horizontal table and tied to a string passing
over a smooth pulley fixed at the edge of the table and its other eod hangs vertically
from it a scale pan of mass 100 gm., a body of mass of 50 gm. is placed on the pan. Find
the magnitude of the pressure on each of the pulley and the pan.
(120 "12, 40gm.wt)
(23) A body of mass m gm. is placed on a horizontal smooth table, connected by a string
passing over a smooth pulley, and a body of mass 50 gm. is hanged at the other end of
the string. If the body descends vertically from rest a distance of 2 meters in two
seconds. Find the magnitude of m and the magnitude of the tension in the string.
(440 gm., 44.9 gm. wt)
(24) A body of mass m 1 gm. is placed on a smooth horizontal table at a distance 140 cm from
its edge, then it is tied by a string passes over a smooth small pulley at this edge, where
a body of mass m 2 gm. is hanged from the other end of the string; If the system starts
the motion from rest and the mass m 1 reached the edge of the table after one second
from the beginning of motion, Prove that:
ml: m2 = 5:2
(25) Two bodies of masses 200 & 300 gm. are placed on a smooth horizontal plane and tied
to the two ends a weightless string; and the 500 gm. mass is connected to the 300 gm.
mass by another weightless string passing over a smooth pulley fixed at the edge of the
plane so that the 500 gm. mass hangs vertically from it. If the system starts motion, find
the magnitude of the tension in each of the two strings in gram weight.
(100, 250)
20J
(26)
(27)
A body of mass 500 gm. is placed on a smooth horizontal table, then it is connected
by a string passing over a smooth pulley at the edge of the table and holds at its end
a body of mass 300 gm. and it is connected to another string which hangs another
body of mass 200 gm. Find the magnitude of the acceleration of the system and the
magnitude of the tension in both strings.
(490 cm/sec 2, 100, 250gm.wt)
A body of mass 100 gm. is placed on a smooth horizontal table having two smooth
pulleys fixed at the table's opposite edges so that the body and the two pulleys on
the table are collinear, the body's connected by two strings each of the strings
passes over one of the pulleys. A body of mass 350 gm. is hanged at the end of one
of the strings, and at the end of the other string a body of mass 250 gm. is attached.
The system starts to move from rest when the two hanged masses are on the same
horizontal level, Find:
a. The vertical distance between the two hanged masses after Yz a second from the
beginning of motion.
b. The magnitude of the tension in each string.
5
(35 cm, 300, 285 gm.wt)
7
(28) A & B are two bodies of masses 344, 48 gm. respectively, the body A is placed on a
horizontal table whose height is 60 cm& at a distance of 180 cm from the edge of
the table, it is connected by a light string of a length 180 cm, while the body B is
connected by the other end of the string that is passing over a smooth pulley that's
fixed at the edge of the table. If the body B is moved softly so that it's dropped from
the edge of the table. Find the time taken to hit the ground, and the time that the
body A will take after that to reach the edge of the table.
(1 sec., 1 sec)
(29) A body of mass 90 kg is placed on a rough horizontal table far from the table's edge
80 cm, it is then tied to a string passing over a smooth pulley that's f ixed at the edge
of the table, and hangs vertically from the other end of the string a body of mass 50
kg. If the magnitude of the resistances to the motion of the body that's placed on
the table equal 1/5 of its weight, and the system starts motion from rest then the
string is cut after Yz a second from the beginning of motion, Find the distance that
the bq,dy on the table will move to come to rest from the beginning of motion.
(60 cm)
(30) Two bodies of masses 125 gm., 175 gm. are placed on a smooth horizontal table and
connected by a light string, then the greatest mass is tied to another string passing
over a smooth pulley at the edge of the table, and a body of mass "m" is hanged
from the other end of the string. If the motion of the system starts from rest and the
magnitude of the tension in the string that connects the two bodies on the table is
50 gm. wt. Find the magnitude of acceleration of the system and the magnitude of
the tension of the second string, and also find the value of "m".
(392 cm/sec 2, 120 gm. wt., 200 gm)
(31) A body of mass 700gm is placed on a smooth horizontal table and tied by a string
passing over a smooth pulley fixed at the edge of the table and holds at its end a
20..J
body of mass 280 gm. hangs vertically from it, and it is connected by another string
below it to hang another body of mass "m" gm. If the magnitude of the pressure on
the pulley equals 300 '12 gm. wt. so find the magnitude of acceleration of the system
and the magnitude of the tension in both strings, and also find the value of "m".
(420/sec 2, 300, 140gm.wt, 245gm)
(32) Two bodies of masses of 1300, 600 gm. are placed on a smooth horizontal plane and
connected together by a tight string of length 50 cm, the body of mass 600 gm. is then
tied by another string on the same level of the first and passing over a smooth pulley
fixed at the edge of the plane that is near to the second mass, and another body of mass
100 gm. is hanged to the other end of the string. Find the magnitude of the acceleration
of the system and the magnitude of the tension in each of the two strings. And if the
string that connects the first two bodies is cut after 2 seconds from the beginning of
motion, what is the distance between the two bodies after 1 second from cutting the
string.
(49 cm/ec 2, 95, 65 gm. wt., 120 cm)
(33) A body of mass 890gm is placed on a smooth horizontal table and tied by a string
passing over a smooth pulley fixed at the edge of the table at a distance 270 cm from
the body, and a body of mass 90 gm. is hanged at the other end of the string at a height
of 392.5 cm from the ground. If the motion of the system starts from rest then the string
that connects them is cut after 2 seconds from the beginning of motion. Prove that the
first mass arrives to the edge of the table at the same time the second mass arrives to
the ground.
(34) A body of mass 300 gm. is placed on a smooth horizontal table and connected by two
light strings each of them is passing over a small smooth pulley where the two pulleys
are fixed at the table's opposite edges, so that the two pulleys on the table are collinear.
The first string holds a body of mass 250 gm. and the second string holds a body of mass
150 gm. and both bodies are hanged vertically. Find the magnitude of the common
acceleration of the system, and if the string that holds the greatest mass is cut after 3
seconds from the beginning of the motion, prove that the rest of the system will move a
distance of 270 cm before it comes to rest instantaneously.
(35) A body of mass BOOgm is placed on a smooth horizontal plane and is tied to two threads
the first passes over a smooth pulley at the edge of the table 150 cm from the body, and
a body of mass 400 gm. hangs vertically downwards, the second string passes over
another smooth pulley at the opposite edge of the table 80 cm from the body and hangs
vertically a body of mass 200 gm. the two pulleys and the body in between them are
collinear and the system starts its motion from rest for one second then the string that
holds the 400 gm. mass is cut. Calculate when the 800 gm. mass will arrive to the edge
of the table.
(3
sec.)
(36) A body of mass 500 gm. is placed on a smooth horizontal plane and is tied to two
strings, one of them passes over a smooth pulley at the edge of the table and holds at
its end a body of mass m 1 gm., the second string passes over another smooth pulley at
the opposite edge of the table and holds at its end a body of mass m 2 gm. If the system
205
starts to move from rest and if the magnitude of the tension in the string that holds the
mass m 1 equals 270 gm. wt. and the magnitude of the tension in the strings that holds
the mass m 2 equals 220 gm. wt. Find the values of m 1&m2
(300, 200)
(37)
Two bodies of masses 210, 90 gm. are connected by a light string and placed on a
rough horizontal plane; the mass 90 gm. is tied with another light string passing over a
smooth pulley at the edge of the table and hangs from its free end a body of mass 120
gm. If the magnitudes of the resistances to the motion of the two bodies 210, 90 gm.
equal 50 gm. wt., 30 gm. wt. respectively. The system started motion from rest then the
string that connects the two bodies on the table is cut after 3 seconds from the
beginning of the motion. Find the distance that the 210 gm. mass covers after cutting
the string to come to rest then prove that the ratio between the magnitude of the
pressure on the pulley before & after cutting the string equals 19:12.
(168 cm)
3rd Application: Problems on The motion of a system of two masses, one of them is moving on
a smooth inclined plane and the other is hanged vertically
(38)
A body of mass 600 gm. is placed on the surface of a smooth plane inclined at an angle
of 30 to the horizontal, and is connected by a string passing over a small smooth pulley
at the top of the plane, and a body of mass 380 gm. is hanging vertically. If the string
coincides on the line of the greatest slope and the system starts motion from rest when
the two bodies were on the same horizontal level. Find:
{80 cm/sec
b. The magnitude of the pressure on the pulley.

(3.42 --./3 Newton)
c. The vertical distance between the two bodies after 2 seconds from the beginning of
motion.
(240)
(39) A body of mass 420gm is placed on the surface of a smooth plane inclined at an angle of
30 to the horizontal, and is connected by a string passing over a small smooth pulley
fixed at the top of the plane, and is hanging vertically at the other end of the string a
scale pan of mass 20 gm., a body of mass 50 gm. is placed on the pan. Find the
magnitude of each of: the tension in the string, the pressure on the pulley and also
pressure on the scale pan (in gram weight).
{90, 90
(40)
'13, 64 ~gm.wt)
A body of mass 600 gm. is placed on the surface of a smooth plane inclined to the
horizontal at an angle of Sine = 1/5, and is connected by a string passing over a small
smooth pulley fixed at the top of the plane, and a body of mass 210 gm. is hanged at its
other end. If the system starts motion from rest for 6 seconds then the string connecting
the two bodies is cut. Calculate the time taken by the body on the plane to come to
instantaneous rest.
(7.Ssec.)
(41)
A body of mass 630gm is placed on a smooth plane inclined to the horizontal at an

angle 30, is connected by a light string passes over a smooth pulley fixed at the top of
206
the plane, while another body of mass 350 gm. is hanged vertically from other end of
the string. Find: The magnitude of the acceleration of the system and the magnitude of
the tension in the string. And if the string is cut after 2 seconds from starting motion,
find the magnitude of acceleration of the body on the plane and its direction after 1
second from cutting the string then calculate the distance that the mass 630 gm. will cut
before inverting its direction.
2
z
1
(35 cm/sec, 337 gm. wt., 420 cm/sec downwards, 5 cm)
(42)
A body of mass 3kg is placed on the surface of a smooth inclined plane of 210 cm length
and a height of 140 cm. and this body is connected to another body of mass 4 kg. by a
string of length 210 cm. coincides on the line of the greatest slope, the second body is
hanged vertically at the top edge of the plane. If the system starts motion from rest till
the biggest mass arrived to the ground and comes to rest. Find the distance that the
small mass will move on the plane before it stops.
(200 cm)
(43) Two bodies of masses 175, 105 gm. are connected to the two ends of a light string,
placed on the surface of a smooth plane inclined to the horizontal at an angle whose
Sine= 1/7, the body 105 gm. is tied by another light string passing over a smooth pulley
fixed at the top of the plane, and another body of mass 70 gm. is hanged vertically from
the other end of the second string. If the motion of the system starts from rest, find:
b. The magnitude of the tension in each string.
c. And if the string that's connecting the two bodies of masses 175, 105 gm. is cut after
two seconds from the beginning of motion, find the velocity of each of the three
bodies after Y2 a second from the moment of cutting the string.
2
(84cm/sec , 40, 64 gm.wt, 98cm/sec, 322cm/sec)
(44) A body of mass 10 kg is placed on a smooth plane inclined at an angle of G to the
horizontal, and is connected by a string passing over a small smooth pulley fixed at the
top of the plane, and another body of mass 4 kg is hanged vertically from the other end
of the string. The system starts its motion from rest so that the first mass covered a
distance of 140 cm after 2 seconds from starting its motion upwards in the direction of
the line of the greatest slope. Find the magnitude of the acceleration of the system and
Sin G.
2
(70 cm/sec , 3/10)
(45} A body of mass "m" gm placed on a smooth plane inclined at an angle of 0 to the
horizontal, and is connected by a light string passing over a small smooth pulley fixed at
the top of the plane whose other end hangs a body of mass 140 gm. If the system starts
motion from rest and covered a distance of 140 cm in two seconds, find: the mass "m"
and the value of "G" given that the magnitude of the pressure on the pulley = 150 "13
gm. wt. and the system starts motion downwards.
(350 gm., 30)
(46} A body of mass 400gm is placed on a smooth plane inclined to the horizontal at an
angle of Sine 7/10, the body is connected by a string passing over a smooth pulley fixed
at the top of the plane, the other end of the string holds a scale pan of mass 110 gm. If
we put on the pan a body of mass 330 gm. and the system's left to move from rest for 3
0
207
seconds, then the body is removed from the pan. Prove that the system will rest
instantaneously after 1 ~second more.
7
(47) A body of mass 240 gm. is placed on a smooth plane inclined to the horizontal at an
(48)
angle whose Sine = 1/3. The body is tied at its two sides by two strings one of them is
passing over a smooth pulley fixed at the top of the plane and the other string passes
over a pulley that's fixed down the plane, each of the strings holds a body of mass 160
gm. If the system is left to move from rest where the body of mass 240 gm . touches the
upper pulley, find the magnitude of the acceleration. And if the lower string is cut after
2seconds, determine the distance that the body 240 gm. covers on the plane until it
rests instantaneously.
(140/sec 2, 4.8 m)
A body of mass "m 1 ,,gm placed on a smooth plane inclined at an angle of 30 to the
horizontal, and is connected by a light string passing over a small smooth pulley fixed at
the top of the plane, while the other end of the string holds a scale pan of mass 190 gm.
placed on it a body of mass "mr gm .. If the system starts motion from rest, so that the
body which moves upwards the plane cuts a distance of 490 cm in 2 seconds while the
magnitude of the pressure of the body on the pan equals 225 gm. wt. Find the value of
mi&m2.
(49)
(300, 490gm)
Two inclined smooth planes equal in height, one of them is inclined to the horizontal at
an angle of Sin ~, and the other plane is inclined at an angle 30 and fixed at its top a
7
small smooth pulley. A body of mass 140 gm. is placed on the first plane and a body of
mass 210 gm. on the second plane. If the two bodies are connected by a light string
passing over the smooth pulley and the system starts its motion from rest, then the
string is cut after 5 seconds from the start of the motion. Find the velocity of the second
mass when the first mass rests instantaneously.
(1365 cm/sec)
Problems on motion on a rough plane
(l)
A body is projected with a velocity of 560 cm/sec. on a rough horizontal plane so that it
stopped after 2 seconds from the beginning of motion. Calculate the coefficient of
friction between the body and the plane.
(2/7)
(2)
(3)
A piece of iron of mass 3.5kg starts motion from rest on a rough horizontal plane when
a horizontal force of magnitude 3.15gm.wt acts on it, if the coefficient of friction
between the body and the plane equals 0.3. Find the velocity of the piece of iron after 5
seconds from the beginning of motion.
(29.4m/sec.)
A body of mass 360 gm. is placed on a rough horizontal plane whose coefficient of
friction with the body equals 1/3 v3. A force of magnitude 420 gm. wt. acted on the
body in a direction inclined to the horizontal at an angle of measure 30, so that it
moved from rest with a uniform acceleration. Find the velocity of the body after 9
seconds from the beginning of motion, and if the action of the force is stopped after
that; determine the time that the body takes until it comes to rest.
(3920'13 cm/sec, 12 sec)
208
{4)
A small wooden box of mass 5 kg. is placed at the top of an inclined rough plane, of 2
meters length and of height 1.2 m. The box slipped and arrived to the bottom of the
plane after 1 ~ second. Find the magnitude of acceleration of the body and the
7
(S)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
magnitude of the force of friction and also the coefficient of friction.

2
(196 cm/i:.ec , 2 kg. wt., 1/2)
A body starts sliding from the top of an inclined rough plane whose length is 260 cm, the
plane is inclined to the horizontal at an angle of Sine 5/13. Find its velocity when it
reaches the bottom of the plane given that the coefficient of friction between the body
and the plane equals 1/4. And if the body is projected upwards the plane from the
lowest point on the plane, find the velocity that is required to make it reach the top of
the plane.
(280/sec, 560 cm/sec)
A body slides over a rough plane inclined to the horizontal at 45. If the coefficient of
friction =3/4. Show that the time required to cover a distance "S" is double the time
required to cover the same distance 1f the plane is smooth.
A body of mass 500 gm. is placed on a rough horizontal table whose coefficient of
friction is 2/5, it is connected by a string passing over a smooth pulley at the edge of the
table, and holds at its end a body of mass 480 gm. find the magnitude of the
acceleration of the system and the magnitude of the pressure on the pulley.
(336000 '12 Dyne)
A body of mass 126gm is placed on a rough horizontal table and it is connected by a
horizontal string passing over a smooth pulley fixed at the edge of the table, at the
other end of the string a body of mass 70 gm. is hanged and at a height of 70 cm over
the floor. If the coefficient of friction 1/3; find the magnitude of the acceleration of the
system and the velocity when the mass hanged arrives to the floor, then determine the
distance that will be covered by the body on the table until it stops.
2
(140 cm/sec , 140 cm/sec, 10 m)
A body of mass 500gm is placed on a rough horizontal table and is connected by a string
passing over a small smooth pulley fixed at the edge of the table, hanged at its other
end a scale pan of mass 80 gm. It is noticed that if we placed on the pan a body of mass
70 gm., the body on the table will be about to move. Find the coefficient of friction. And
if we increase the mass of the body on the pan to 120 gm. and the system moved with a
uniform acceleration. Find the magnitude of the system's velocity after 5 seconds from
the beginning of motion.
\3/10, 350 cm/sec)
A body of mass 150gm rests on a rough horizontal plane inclined to the horizontal by
an angle of tangent 4/3. The body is connected by a light string passes over a smooth
pulley fixed at the top of the plane, and hanged at its end a body of mass 270 gm. If the
coefficient of friction between the body and the plane is 1/3, and the system starts its
motion from rest for 7 seconds then the string is cut, determine the time taken by the
body placed on the plane to rest instantaneously.
(2 sec)
209
{11) A body of mass 250gm rests on a rough horizontal plane inclined to the horizontal by an
angle whose tangent is 4/3. The body is connected by a string passes over a small
smooth pulley fixed at the top of the plane, and another weight is hanged at the end of
the string. If the least value of that weight hanged at this end that is necessary to keep
the body in a state of equilibrium on the plane equals 150 gm. wt. Prove that the
coefficient of friction equals 1/3. And if the hanged weight equals 350 gm. wt., find the
acceleration of motion of the system.
2
(3490 cm/sec)
(12l A body is left to slide from the top of an inclined plane that ends at a horizontal plane.
Th e coefficient of friction between the body and each of the planes equals 1/3. If the
inclined plane is 150 cm long and the tangent of its angle of inclination to the horizontal
equals 4/3. Find the distance covered by the body on the horizontal plane when its
velocity becomes 140 cm/sec, given th at the velocity of the body doesn't change when it
transferred from the inclined to the horizontal plane.
(240 cm)
(13) Two rough planes are connected together, one of them is horizontal and its coefficient
of friction is 1/4, and the other one is inclined to the horizontal at an angle 30 and its
coefficient of friction is 2. -J3. A smooth pulley is fixed where the two planes are
6
connected; a string passes over the pulley, a body of mass 4 kg. is attached to one of the
string's ends and is placed on the horizontal plane, at the other end of the string
another body of mass 6 kg. is attached and is placed on the inclined plane, if the system
starts the motion from rest. Find the magnitude of the acceleration.
2
(49 cm/sec )
(141
A body of mass 28 kg is placed on a rough plane inclined to the horizontal at an angle of

Sin ~, it is connected to a string passes over a smooth pulley fixed at the top of the
s
plane. Another body of mass 42 kg is hanged vertically at the other end of the string. If
the system starts m otion from rest, the magnitudes of the resistances to the motion of
the body placed on the plane equal 9.6 kg. wt., the string between the two bodies is cut
after 2 seconds from the beginnin g of motion. Find the distance covered by the body
placed on the plane to come to instantaneous rest.
(315 cm)
21 ()
[ Impulse & Impulsive Force

<1>
: A constant force of magnitude 160kgm.wt, acted on a still body of mass 500gm for an
interval of time equals .!:.... second find the impulse of this force during this interval
10
in Newton. Sec. and magnitude of the velocity of this body at the end of this interval.
[156.8, 313.6m/sec]
<2>
: A constant force acted on a body of mass 700gm in the state of rest. If the magnitude
of its impulse during .!:....of the second equals 17.64N. second., find the magnitude of
25
this force in kgm.wt and magnitude of the velocity of this body at the end of this
[45, 25.2m/sec]
interval.
(3)
: A constant force acted on a body of mass 250gm, so it changed the magnitude of its
velocity from 27km I h to 1Bm I sec during a time interval of 2- seconds. Calculate the
14
impulse ofths force in N. sec., and magnitude of the force in kgm.wt.

[2.625, 1.25]
(4)
i- : A constant force Facted on a body when its velocity was 3m I sec, after .!:....second
, its
49
velocity changed to 45km I h. Given that the impulse of this force during this interval
.......
is 3.8 Newton. sec. calculate the mass of this body, and magnitude of Fin kgm. wt.
[400gm, 19kgm.wt]
(5)
I : A projectile of mass 2.lkgm gets out of the opening of a fixed cannon with velocity
35m I sec. Find the impulse of the gases pressure in the cannon on the proectile, and if
1
the time of action of the gases pressure is - - sec, find the average value of this
20
pressure in kgm.wt.
(6)
[73.5N. sec, 150]
I : A gun fires 600 bullets per minute, the mass of each equals 14. 7gm, and the velocity of
each at the opening of the gun is 200m I sec find magnitude of momentum of the
bullets fired every second., then deduce the magnitude of the force of the reaction
acting on the gun in kgm. wt.
(7)
I : The mass of the gwies
[3]
emerging out of a jet plane in one minute is 3000kgm, and the
magnitude of its velocity is 1764km I h. Find the magnitude of the force pushing the
plane in kgm.wt.
[2500]
Impulse & Impulsive Force

(8)
2t t
: A wagon of mass 21 ton collided with a fixed vertical barrier of iron when its velocity
equals 7m I sec and came to rest after collision. Find the impulse due to collision, and
if the time of collision equals ]_ second. Find magnitude of the collision force.
5
[15000kgm.wt. sec, 75000kgm.wt]

(9)
I : A smooth sphere of mass 350gm, moves horizontally with velocity 4m I sec. It collides
a fixed vertical barrier then rebounds with velocity 3m I sec. Find magnitude of the.
1
impulse due to the collision, and if the time of collision equals - - second. Find
10
magnitude of the impulsive force between the sphere and the barrier.
[2.45N. sec, 24.5NJ
(10)
I : A gun fires 600 bullets per minute in a direction perpendicular to a vertical iron wall.
If the mass of each bullet equals 49gm, and its velocity when it collides with the wall
is 200m I sec, and it rebounds with velcity 40m I sec. Find magnitude of the pressure
[121
on the wall due to collision of bullets with it in kgm.wt.

(11)
I : A rail way wagon of mass 24.5 ton collided with a fixed barrier and rebounded with
velocity 2. 5m I sec. Given that the magnitude of the average resistance of the barrier
1
20
during the interval of collision is 375000kgm.wt and the time of collision is - - sec.
.
Find magnitude of the impulse of the force of collision with the barrier and
magnitude of the velocity of the wagon imediately before collision.
[18750kgm.wt. sec, 5m/sec]
(12)
: A smooth ball of mass 140gm falls vertically downwards, from a height 10 meters and
collides with a horizontal surface, and then rebounds vertically upwards, a distance
2.5meters. Find the impulse of the surface to the ball, and if the time of contact of the
ball with the surface is ]_sec. Find the force of collision of the surface to the ball.
5
[2.94N. sec, 1.5kgm.wt]

(13)
I : A ball of mass 70 gm is projected vertically downwards with velocity 126cm I sec, from
a point at a height S cm above a horizontal ground. It collided with the ground and
rebounded vertically to a height 90cm above the ground. If the impulsive force
between the ball and the ground equals 1.42kgm.wt, and the time of collision is
1
- -sec. Find the value of S.
20
(14)
[160 cm]
: A smooth ball of mass 50gm fell vertically downwards from a height 6.4 meters above
a horizontal ground and rebounded vertically upwards. Given that the total pressure
212
!11:\Pt1~!~ . ~ J~pul~~-ye . ~()re~_ . - .

of the ball on the ground equals 1.05kgtn.wt and the time of contact with the ground
is lsec. Find the maximum height which the ball attained after collision.
(15)
I :A
10
[3.6m]
smooth ball of mass 30gm is projected vertically upwards with velocity of
magnitude 840cm I sec from a point at a distance 11 Ocm below the ceilling of a room.
It collides with the ceilling and rebounds to the fioor of the room during half of a
second after the collision. Find magnitude of the total pressure on the ceilling Given
1
that the height of the toom equals 272.5cm, and the time of collision = - - second.
10
[2.706NJ
(16)
I : A stone of thass
} kgm falls vertically downwards, and after two seconds from
starting its motion it collides with the surface of a lake, then it dives through the
water with uniform velocity and covers 5.4m during 1 _l_ sec. Find the impulse due
2
to the collision with the water surface. and if the time of collision with the water
1-
surface equals
sec find magnitude of the impulsive force of the collision.
20
[8N. sec, 160NJ
(17JJ : A
smooth ball of mass 700gm is placed at the top of a smooth plane inclined at an
angle of sine Lto the horizon. The ball is left to descend from rest along the line of
5
greatest slope. After descending a distance of 2 meters it collides with a barrier fixed
to the plane in a position perpendiuclar to the line of motion of the ball. After
coliision the ball rebounded a distance 50cm along the line of greatest slope upwards
before it comes to rest. Find the total pressure of the ball on the barrier given that
time of contact of the ball with the barrier =
(18)
L20
sec.
[2.94N. sec. 6.14kgm.wt]
I : A rubber ball of mass 1. 75kgm is left to fall vertically from a height 160cm above a
horizontal ground. It collides with it and rebounds to a height 90cm to stop
instantaneously and falls once more on the same herizontal ground to collide with it
and rebounds once more. Find the impulse of the collision force of the ball with the
ground in the first collision, and if the total reaction of the ground in the second
1
collision equals 26. 75kgm,wt, and the time of this collision equals - -sec. Find the
20
maximum height which the ball reaches in the second rebound.
[1 .75kgm.wt .sec., 40 cm]

(19)
I : A car of mass 1680kg in the state of rest, moves along a st. road under the action of a
constant hotf.zi;jfttal foFOe of magnitude 300kgm.wt. After 5 seconds from starting the
Impulse & Impulsive Force

y
Zl3
rr:.T c lu:: :r t.ur~ . .T: TJIL&s: n
c;antines ita motion until tt comes ff> rel!.t
..... :. 111:.r .:
motion the force is stopped, crruJ the
<;Gr
after another 20 seconds. Ji'tncl. magnirn<:W qf the road resistance to the cq,r '188umi1f8
that it is constant. Also find the maximum velocity of the car during th.ts motion.
f 60kgm.wt. 1ntl11.f!.C/
(20)
I : A man holds a smooth ball of mass 50gm
in his hand qnd stands on the ffoor of a lift
moving downwards with zmiform velocity of magnitude 30cm /sec. If the bqll fell
downwards from the man's hand when it was at a height 90cm from the floor of the
lift. Find when the ball reaches the floor of the lift, and cqlculate the impulse due to
.
collision of the ball with the floor.
(
(
V'
sec, -~10()() dyne.
Bf!C]
214
Collision & Conservation of Momenta
(1)
: A smooth sphere of mass 50gm, moving with velocity 12m/sec along a horizontal st. line collides
with another smooth sphere of mass 20gm in the state of rest. If the velocity of the first sphere
immediately after collision is Sm/sec in the same direction before collision. Find magnitude of the
velocity of the second sphere after collision and the impulse of the first sphere on it.
[10 ml sec, -20000 dyne.sec]
(2)
: A smoot~ sphere of mass 20gm is moving with velocity 180cm/sec. collides with another smooth
sphere of mass 30 gm moving with velocity 150 cm/sec along the same horizontal st. line of
motion of the first sphere and in the same direction of it. If the velocity of the second sphere after
collision is 170cm/sec in the same direction of the motion before collision. Find magnitude of the
velocity of the first sphere after the collision, and magnitude of the impulse of any of the two
spheres on the other one.
(3)
[150cmlsec, 600dyne. sec]
: Two smooth spheres of masses 70 , 35gm, are moving on a horizontal ground along the same st.
line in two opposite directions with velocities of magnitudes 28cm/sec, 14cm/sec respectively. If
the two spheres collide and the smaller sphere rebounds with velocity 21cm/sec after collision find
magnitude and direction of the velocity of the bigger sphere after collision, and magnitude of the
pressure force between the two spheres given that the time of contact between the two spheres is
0.01 sec.
(4)
[10.Scm/sec, 125gm.wt]
: Two spheres of masses 12 and 4 kgm are moving along the same horizontal st. line with velocities
Scm/sec and 15cm/sec respectively, in the same direction. The faster sphere overtakes the slower
one and collides with it and move together as one body, then they collide with a third sphere of
mass Skgm moving in the opposite direction to their direction of motion with velocity 6cm/sec. If
the three spheres form one body after collision, find magnitude of their common velocity.
[3cm/sec]
Collision & Conservation

(5)
215
I : Two smooth spheres of masses 300, 150gm move along a st. line on a hqrizontal plane, each of
them tawards the other with velocity of magnitude 60cm/sec. If the two spheres collide and the
smaller one rebounds with velocity 40cm/sec in the opposite direction to its velocity before
collision. Find (i) Magnitude and direction of the velocity of the second sphere after collision.
(ii) The impulse of any of the spheres on the other.
(6)
[10cm/sec, 15000 dyne. sec]
: Two smooth spheres of masses Bkgm, 12kgm are moving along a horizontal st. line with velocities
9m/sec, 15m/sec respectively in the same direction . The two spheres collides, and they separate
and move in the same direction and magnitude of the velocity of the first sphere is 1.5m/sec more
than the second. Find magnitude of the velocity of each sphere after impact and magnitude of the
[12, 13.5 m/sec, 36N.sec]
impulse of the first ball on the second.

(7)
I : Two smooth spheres of masses 90 and 60gm are moving along a horizontal line parallel to a
constant unit vector i, and their displacements are s1 = 240 ti, S2 = - 100 ti respectively after
any instant "t" where t in seconds, and magnitude of Sin cm. If the
two spheres colllide and
form one body after collision, find the magnitude of its velocity after collision, and magnitude of
the impulsive force between the two spheres given that the time of collision equals
J... sec.
5
[104cmlsec, 61200 dyne]

(8)
I : Three smooth spheres A , Band Care placed on a smooth horizontal table and on the same
'
straight line such that B lies between A and C and they have masses 150, 150, 450gm.
respectively. The first sphere A is projected with velocity 140cm/sec towards B which is at rest
and collides with it to move together as one body towards the sphere "c" and collides with it such
that the body rebounds after impact with velocity 14cm/sec. Find the velocity of the sphere (C)
after impact and the impulse of the force acting on the sphere (C).
[70cm/sec, 56cmlsec, 25200 dyne. sec]
216
(9)
I :A body A of mass 10gm moves

moving vertically upwards when the velocity of A was 200cm/sec, and velocity of B, 800cm/sec.
with
100cm/sec while A
rebounded vertically upwards, and after]_ sec, the body A collided with a third body "C" of
7
mass 100gm moving vertically downwards. with velocity 13cm/sec, and they form one body.
common velocity
impact.
[1t)cm/sec downwards}
(10)
: A box full of sand with total mass 2kg. is placed on a horizontal plane. A bullet of mass 15gm is
Find magnitude of the velocity
box after the settling of the bullet in
and if the box moved
it moves before it
comes to rest
(11)
(18 cm/sec, 81cm}
I : A moving target of mass 20kg. moves along a straight

gun which fires shells each
mass
with velocity 600cm/sec. towards a

4000cm/sec.,
that the shells are
embedded in the target, find the magnitude of the velocity of the target
the first hit, then
prove that it comes to rest after the third shell has been embedded in it.
8000
21
[-cm/sec.}
(12)
: A force of magnitude 30 Newtons acts on smooth sphere of mass 6kgm placed on a smooth
horizontal plane to move it
a st. line with
acceleration. After 10 seconds from
starting the motion, it collides with another sphere

direction of
sphere with
collision. Find magnitude of their velocity

that the
(13)
I :A smooth sphere
with another
after
mass 4kgm moving in the opposite

,;.c11.rirnc.1.-.
and they form one body after
couismn, and magnitude of the collision force
of collision is ]_ sec.
15
[20mlsec, 2700N}
a st.
with
wim'tt1111u1,,
of its velocity
of the constant
217
resistance which acts on the two bodies after the collision if they come to rest after covering
44.1 meters.
(14)
[0.9kg., 20/3NJ
I : Two smooth spheres of masses 90, 50gm are moving along the same st. line, each of them towards
the other on a horlzontaJ plane. If the two spheres collided when their velocities were 60cm/sec,
160cm/sec, respectively. After collision the first sphere rebOl,lnded and came to rest after covering
120cm du,e to the resistance of the plane which is equal to 5400dyne. find magnitude of the
velocities of each of the two spheres after collision, and the impul$e of any of them on the other.
[J2Q., 164.
(15)
tcm/sec,
16ZOOdyne.sec]
I : Two smooth spheres A , B of masses 300, 250gm are moving along the same horizontal line with
velocities of magnitudes 15m/sec, and 9m/sec respectively in the same direction. If they collide,
and move in the same direction after impact such that the ratio between the magnitudes of their
velocities immediately after impact is 2 : 3. Find the magnitude of each. If the sphere A continues
its motion with constant _velocity while B moves with constant deceleration due to a constant
resistance equals Tof its weight. Find the distance between the two spheres after 5 seconds from
the instant of their separation after collision.
(16)
[Wm/sec, 15m/sec, 50cm]
I : Two smooth spheres of masses 7 and 4 kgm move along a horizonMl st. line in two opposite
directions, and they collide when their velocities are 150cm/sec, and 350cm/sec, respectively and
'
after collision the first sphere rebounds with velocity 126cm/sec, prove that the second sphere also
rebounds with velocity 133cm/sec. If each of the two spheres moves with uniform deceleration
1
after collision due to a constan t resistance equals
of the weight of each. Find the distance
10
between the two spheres when they come to rest.
[171 .1,5cm]
(17)
I :A horizontal force of magnitude 14kgm.wt acted on a smooth sphere of mass 28kgm, placed on a
horizontal plane. It moved against a resistance equals+ of its weight, and after 20 second, the
force is ceased, and at the same instant, this sphere collided with another of mass 12 kgm placed
218

also on the plane.
If the two spheres form one body after collision. Find the magnitude of velocity
of this body, and the time which it takes before it comes to rest given that the resistance to its
motion is still equals-1-of its weight.
[49 mlsec, 35sec]
(18)
: A sphere "A" of mass 150gm falls vertically from rest, from a certain height above the ground
surface, and at the same instant, another sphere "B" of mass 400gm is projected vertically
upwards with velocity 53.9m/sec.
If the two spheres collide after 3 seconds, from starting their
motion and they form one body after the collision. Find magnitude of their common velocity, and
the time taken until they reach the ground surface.
(19)
[9.Smlsec, 6 sec]
: Two smooth spheres of masses 250gm, and SOOgm are moving along the line of greatest slope of a
smooth plane which makes an angle of sine - 1-to the horizon, the first sphere moves downwards
7
and the second moves upwards. If the two spheres, collide, when their velocities were 150cm/sec
and 120cm/sec, respectively, and the first sphere rebounded upwards after impact, and covered a
distance 70cm before coming to rest. Find the magnitude and direction of the velocity of the
second sphere.
(20)
[25cmlsec]
: A smooth sphere of mass 250gm moves along a st. line with velocity 40cm/sec. It collides with
another smooth sphere moving in the opposite direction of that of the first, and they form one
body after collision and move together in the direction of the second sphere. Given that
magnitude of the impulse of the first sphere equals 17500 dyne. sec, find magnitude of its velocity
immediately after impact, and
if the velocity of the second sphere immediately before impact is
80cm/sec. Find its mass.

(21)
[30cmlsec, 350gm]
: Two smooth spheres, each of mass 240gm, move along a st. line on a smooth horizontal plane, each
with velocity 15m/sec in the same direction, and there is a distance between them. A barrier is
fixed to the plane such that it is perpendicular to the line of motion of the two spheres.
~sphere
If the front
collides with the barrier and rebounds along the same st. line and collides with the back
sphere, and it rebounds once more with velocity Sm/sec.
219
Find magnitude of the velocity of the back sphere after impact gi.ven that the magnitude of the
impulse of the barrier to the front sphere is 6.48 Newton. sec.
(22)
[Sm/sec]
: A hammer of mass 2.1 ton falls vertically from a height of 160cm on a cylindrical iron body of
mass 350kgm to embed it a distance 12cm through the ground. If the body and the hammer move
as one body after impact find their common velocity after impact, and magnitude of the resistance
of the ground assuming that it is constant.
(23)
[26.45 ton.wt]
Two smooth spheres of the same mass, the first moves with uniform velocity along a st. horizontal
line, and the second moves with uniform acceleration 2cm/sec2 along the same st. line starting
with initial velocity Scm/sec in the same direction of the acceleration, if the two spheres start from
the same point and the second sphere collides with the first sphere after covering 150cm find:
(i) Magnitude of the velocity of each of the two spheres before impact. (ii) If the magnitude of the
velocity of the first sphere after collision increased to twice its value before collision find
magnitude of the velocity of the second sphere after collision.
(24)
[15, 25cmlsec, 10cm/sec]
: A smooth sphere of mass 25gm is moving along a st. horizontal line with uniform velocity
24cm/sec, and after 4 second from the instant of passing this sphere by a certain point, another
sphere of mass 15gm starts motion from this point along the same st. line with initial velocity
Bern/sec, and uniform acceleration 4cm/sec 2. Prove that the two spheres will collide and if they
form one body after collision. Find magnitude of its velocity after collision.
(25)
[36 cm/sec]
: A , B are two points on the same smooth horizsontal plane and the distance between them is
150cm. A smooth sphere of mass 30gm. starts motion from rest with uniform acceleration
10cm/sec2 from the point A towards B. and at the same instant another smooth sphere of mass
20gm starts motion with uniform velocity of magnitude 35cm/sec from the point B in the same
direction of the first sphere. Prove that the two spheres will collide and if they form one body after
collision, find magnitude of its velocity after collision.
[74 f.m/secl
220

A body of mass one kgm is
magnitude 11.9m/sec., and after one
another body of mass 1.5kgm is projected also

the
vertically upwards with

first body. If the two bodies collide and
one
after collision, find the maximum height
attained by this compound body.
[1.6
ml
tower whose height is
A smooth sphere of mass 400gm fell
having the
the
tower. Find when and where the two
<:nhi0 rP"
rebounds after
the time
collision and magnitude

the first sphere
: AB is
measure
line
--
30" to the horizon. A
nrnuwr.,n
the plane "A"
7m/sec along BA, and at the same

is
with velocity
two bodies
to slide along AB,
it
the
[1
(( WORK, POWER & ENERGY
Work
J)
22 1
: A force of magnitude 39.2 Newtons acted on a body, so it moved a distance 50 meters.

Find the work done by this force in each of the follo wing cases measured in kg.wt.m.
(a) If the motion is in the direction of the force.
(b)
If the motion is in a direction makes an angle 60 with that of the force.
(c) If the motion is in a perpendicular direction to the direction of the fo rce.

(d) If the motion is in an opposite direction to the force.
[200, 100, 0, - 200 kg. wt. m.J
->
: A force Facts on a body of mass 14kg. such that it moves from rest a distance 12m. in
the direction of the line of action of the fo rce with uniform acceleration of magnitude
3.5m I sec2 . Calculate the work done by this force measured in kgm.wt.m.
[60]
(3)
I
..
_,.
: A force F acts on a body of mass 5kg. such that it moves from rest with uniform
acceleration of magnitude 4.2m I sec?-. Find the distance during which.the work done
[840m]
by this fo rce is 1800kgm.wt.meter.

(4)
I :A
force of magnitude 78.4N. acts on a body of mass Bkg. placed on a smooth
horizontal plane such that it moves from rest along a straight line
i': the direction of
the force. Calculate the work done by this force during 10 seconds from the instant of
starting the motion measured in kg.wt. m.
[3920]
: A car moves along a horizontal road with uniform velocity of magnitude 9km I h. Find
the work do ne by the resistance force of the road during one minute from the start
measured in kgwt.meters given that the magnitude of the driving engine force of the
car equals 147 Newton.
[- 2260)
: A car of mass 1.5 ton moves along a horizontal st. road. Its driving engine force is
stopped, and its brakes are used when its velocity is 63km I h so it stopped after
cq,vering 12.5m from the starting instant.
Find the work done by the brakes resistance during this distance assuming that the
magnitude of the resistance is constant.
f - 23437.5 kgwt.m]
222
Work
(7)
: A bullet of mass 26gm is projected with horizontal velocity of magnitude 6.6m I sec at
a vertical target of wood. It ,fmbeds through it and comes to rest after .!:_ sec.
35
Calculate the work done by the resistance of wood during this interval assuming that
it is constant.
[-392 X 104 erg]
(8)
: A man of mass 75 kgm is moving vertically 'by using a vertical ladder. Find the work
done by his weight in the following cases:

(i) When he is ascending a vertical distance of 24m.
[-17640 joule, 17640 joule]
(ii) When he is descending the same distance.
(9)
: Find the vertical distance which a fire man of mass 65kgm ascends by using a
vertical ladder when he is doing work against his weight equals 7644 joules. [12 m]
(10)
A body of mass 400gm is projected vertically with velocity of magnitude 70m I sec.
Find the work done by its weight in each of the following cases:
(a) From the starting instant till it reaches its maximum height.
(b)
(11)
[-100, 224 kgm.wt.m]
During 20 seconds from the starting instant.
: A tram car is pulled by a horizontal rope inclined at an angle of tan
~ to the tram
4
rails. If the work done by the tension in the rope when the car moves 24m is
288kg.wt.meter. Find magnitude of the tension in the rope.
[147NJ
"
'
In the following problems, i/\ , j are
two perpendicular unit vector in a
co-ordinate plane XOY, i in the direction of O~ Jin the direction of OY:

~
(12).
(13).
-"'
= ki + 4j during the displacement S =-3i + (k

.....
_..
0.05 joule, find the value of k given that JIFll in Newton, HSIJ in cm.
If the work done by a force F
/..
+ 1) j is
[1]
A body of mass 2kgm, moved from the point A (2 , 7) to the point B (-1 , -5) in a st.
A
A
line with uniform acceleration a = 2.5i-6.5j, where magnitude of -C: in m I sec2 , and
[1.41]
magnitude of the displacement in cm. Find the work done by F in joules.
(14). : A particle moves from the point A (-2,0) to the point B (3,2) in a st. line under the
-"'
./,;
action of a force F of magnitude 3 'V 5 Newton in the direction of the vector u
=2iA -j.,(
If the magnitude of the displacement in cm, find the work done by Fin joules. [0.24]
(15)
: A particle moves from the point A

under the action of a force:
=~ , 8) to the point. B
(5, -9) along a st. line
"
_,,.
F =ki + 4j whose direction is opposite to AB.
}.
223
Work
~
Calculate the value of the constant k, and the work done by F.
1-8 ,-75 unit of work]

(16)
_..
: A force F
= 15i-8j
.the time tis-;=
acts on a particle so that its position vector as a function of
rt? + 3t + 7) t + l. (t + 2? J Find the work done by Fas a function of
2
t, and if magnitude of F is measured in dyne and magnitude of the displacement in
.......
[270erg]
cm find the work done by Fin the first ten seconds.

(17)
: The position vector of a body of mass 3kgm is given as a function of the time by
the relation 't:
(i? + 4t) i+
.!:._
(t-3? }Awhere tin seconds and {/ti/in meters find the
3
_,,
,
force vector acting on this body and the work done by F from t
=3 sec to t =9 sec.
[600joule]
(18)
.
: 4 body of mass 280kgm moves along a horizontal st. line on a plane with uniform
acceleration of magnitude 1.4m I sec?, under the action of a horizontal force
F, and a
constant resistance of magnitude 15kgm.wt. starting from rest . Calculate the work
done during 10 seconds from starfin kgm.wt.meter by each of:
(First)
The resistance force.
(Third) The resultant force
.....
(Second) The force F.
(Fourth) The weight of the body.

[-1050,3850,2800,0J
(19}
I :A
car of mass 490kgm moves starting from rest with uniform acceleration of
magnitude 84cm I sec? along a st. line on a horizontal plane under the action of a
horizontal force F. If the work done by this force during 20 seconds from the start
equals 11256kgm.wt.m. Find magnitude of the plane resistance to the car, and the
work done by it in kgm .wt.m.
(20)
[25kgm.wt,-4200]
: A stone of mass 300gm is left to fall in a lake. It starts from its surface a vertical
motion downwards with uniform acceleration to reach a depth of 2.5m during 5
seconds. Calculate the work done by the water resistance to the stone in Jules.
(21)
[-7.2]
: A train wagon in the state of rest, and of mass 15 ton is pulled by a horizontal rope
inclined at angle of measure 60 to the direction of the tram rails so it moved a

Yl,istance 24.5m with uniform acceleration 49cm I sec? against a resistance of
magnitude 2-of the car weight. Calculate in kg.wt."1. the work done by the tension in
5
the rope.
[91875]
Work
224
(22)
: A body of mass 4kgm is projected upwards with velocity 2.8m /sec along the line of
greatest slope of a smooth plane inclined at an angle of sine !:_ to the horizontal.
14
Calculate the work done by the body weight until it comes to instantaneous rest, and
the work done by its weight until it comes back to its point ofprojection.
[-1..6, l.6kgm.wt.m]
(23)
: A body of mass 4kgm is placed at the top of a smooth inclined plane of height 150cm
and the body slides down along the line of greatest slope till it reaches the bottom of
the plane. Calculate in joules the work done by the body weight.
(24)
: A body of mass 15.6kgm in the state
[58.8)
rest is placed on a smooth plane inclined at an
angle of sine l._ to the horizontal. A

Facted on this body in the direction of the
13
line of greatest slope of the plane upwards so the body moves along this direction with
magnitude 2.45m I sec2. Calculate the work done by each of F
uniform acceleration
and the weight of this body during 8 ""'"'"'"'".,"'from the instant of starting the motion.
[776.16, -470.4kgm.wt.m]
the line
(25) . A car of mass 1750kg. moves
greatest slope of a plane which is
inclined at an angle of measure 30 to the horizontal starting from rest, and moving
with uniform acceleration of magnitude 2.8m I sec2 upwards under the action of a
...... during a
force F along the line of greatest slope upwards. If the work done by F
.....
certain displacement Sis 483125kgm.wt.m, calculate the work done by the car weight
.......
during the same displacement S.
[-275625kgm.wt.m]
(26)
I :A body 'of mass 35 kgm descends starting from rest along the line of greatest slope of a
plane inclined at qngle of sine
magnitude 112cm
vu1~t::u1ici.t-1::
the horizontal with uniform acceleration of

5
the work done by each of the body weight and the
resistance of the plane during 10 seconds from the starting instant in kgm.wt.m.
[1176, -952)
(27)
: A car
mass 1.5 tons moves
the
of greatest slope
a plane inclined at an
angle of sine lto the horizontal upwards under the action of the force of the car
30
motor whose magnitude is 130kgm.wt and the resistance of the plane whose
per each ton of the mass of the car. If the work done by the
on the car
7500kgm.wt:ofind:
225
Work
(First) Value of S.
(Second) The work dorie through this distance
by each of: (i) The motor force of the car.
(ii) The plarie resistance.
(iii) The car weight.

(28)
[160, 19600,-4600, -7600kgm.wt.m]
I :A body of mass 6kgm is placed on a .smooth plarie inclined at an angle of measure 30

to the horizontal. A force Fof magnitude 5 {3kgm.wt lying in the vertical plane
passing through the line of greatest slope of the inclined plane and incliried to the
horizontal an angle of measure 60 upwards acts on the body so it moves a distance 4

meters along the lirie of greatest slope. Calculate the work done by each of F and the
weight of the body through this distance.
(29)
[294, -117.6 joule]
I : A body of mass 15kgm is placed on a_:mooth plane inclined at an angle of tan
; to
the horizontal. A horizontal force F of magnitude lOkgm.wt lying in the vertical

plarie passing through the line of greatest slope of the inclined plane acts on the body
towards the inclined plane to move it along the line of greatest slope. Calculate the
~
work done by each of F and the weight of the body during the first ten seconds of
motion in kg.wt.m.
(30)
[-1176, 2362]
I : If the motor engine of a car is stopped while it is moving along the line of greatest
slope of an inclined plane, it descends with uniform velocity. Given that the mass of
the car equals 8 tons and the work done by the weight of the car during its motion
from the top to ihe bottom of the plane equals 24000 kg. wt.m. Find the height of the
plane and if sine the angle of inclination of the plane to the horizon = !:_ . Calculate
50
the resistance of the plane per each ton of the mass of the car.
[3m., 20kg. wt.]
(31)
: A piston of a steam - engine has a diameter of 20cm. and the length of one push
eq_uals 15cm. and the pressure of each push equals 7kg.wt. per square cm. Find the
work done per minute, measured in kg. wt.m. give"! that the piston makes 40 pushes
[13200kg.wt.m]
per minute.
A
In the following problems i , j are two perpendicular unit vectors in the directions of
the axes OX,
(32)
OY respectively:
I : A particle moved from the point A = (3 ,-1) to the point B = (1 , 4) along a st. line
~
under the action of a force F
= ki
+ bj, and the work done by it during this
displacement was 27 joules, the particle continued its motion from B to a third point
C
= (-2,3)
under the action of the same force, and the work done by it during this
226
Work
..,),
!IF /I in
motion was-19 joule. Given that
'Newton, llS II in meters find the values
of the constant numbers k , b, and the work done by F to move the body from C to A.
[4, 7,-Sjoule]
...i.
(33)
: A body of mass 1.5kgm moves in the plane XOY under the action of a force F
.-.i.
.....
and its position vector r as a function of the time t is r
II t'lr in meters,
k, b are constant, t in seconds,
=(kr.9. + 4) iA + (br.?. + 3t) j,;. where
find the values of k , b and the work
[252joule]
done by F from t = 1 sec. to t = 4 sec.

(34)
=6i + 3),
: A body of mass 2kgm moves in the plane XOY under the action of the forces :
......
/\...:...
F 1 =2i + 3), F2
time "t" is:
.?.
...i.
/\
A-J.
/.
/\
= i + 2}, Fa= 5i + j,
and its displacement vector as a function of the
.9. A
S = k (r + t) i-br j, where k, bare constants, tin seconds, magnitude of the forces
.....
in Newton, magnitude of Sin meters. Calculate the values of k , b, and the work done
by the resultant of these forces in the interval from t
=1 sec. to t = 5 sec.
~
(35)
: A body of mass 2 kgm. moves under the action of a force F
~, 664joule]
[2, ;\
= ki + bj,
where k , b are
two constants, and magnitude of the force in Newton. The displacement vector of this
body in terms of the time t is
= (
~t2-tJ ~ + r2t2
2
magnitude of -Sin meters. Find the values
of k ,
interval [1 , 41
+ t);' where t in seconds and
qand the work done by Fin

the time
[6, 8 , 381 joule]
_..
(36). : A body of mass one kgm. moves in the plane under the action of the forces Fi
_,,,
/\
F2 = 2i - 5} ,
.,:-= (2r
}.
.9.
F 3 = 3i + b-j.
where k , b are two constant numbers, and
magnitudes of the forces in Newton. The position vector of this

.9.
= ki-2},
body is
_...
+ 5t + 3) i-(3r + t + 8) j , where t in seconds and magnitude of r in meters.
Find values of k , b and the work done by the resultant of these forces during the first
five seconds of motion.
l-1 , 1 , 780 joule]
[
(1)
I :A
Power
man of mass 72kg. ascends a vertical ladder with uniform velocity 25cm/sec.
Calculate his power measured in horse.

(2)
I :A
227
[0.24 lwrse]
car of mass 1.5 tons moves along a straight horizontal road with its maximum
velocity which is 45km I h when the magnitude of the road resistance to its motion
equals 60kg.wt per each ton of its mass. Find the power of its motor in horses.
(3)
[15]
I : A train of mass 150 tons moves along a horizontal road with maximum velocity of
1
magnitude 54km I h. If the magnitude of the road resistance to its motion equals - of its weight calculate the power of its engine in horses.
(4)
100
[300]
I : A train of mass 250 tons moves with its max.i mum velocity along a horizontal road
against the road resistance whose magnitude equals Bkg.wt per each ton of the train
mass. If the power of the train motor equals 560 horses. Find magnitude of the
maximum velocity in km I h.
(5)
[75.6]
I : A car of mass 1.6 ton moves along a horizontal road with maximum elocity against
resistance whose magnitude equals 6.25% of its weight. Calculate this maximum
velocity given that the power of its driving engine is 30 horses.
(6)
[81 km/h]
I : A steamer of mass 2000 tons, and engine power of 1500 horses is moving along a
horizontal line with maximum velocity whose magnitude equals '15km/h. Find in
kgm.wt magnitude of the resistance to its motion per each ton.
(7)
I :A
[13.5]
helicopter of mass 2 tons moves vertically upwards with uniform velocity of
magnitude 54km/ h. If the power of its motor equals 500 horses. Calculate magnitude
of the resistance per each ton of the plane mass.
(8)
[250 kgm.wt]
: An aeroplane fUes along a horizontal st. line under the action of a resistance whose
magnitude is proportional to the square of its velocity. If the magnitude of the
resistance equals 1500 kg.wt when the magnitude of its velocity is lBOkm/h and
magnitude of the maximum velocity of the plane eq1!0-ls 270km/ h. Calculate the
power of its engine.
(9)
[3375 horses]
I : A train of mass 196 tons moves along a horizontal line with uniform acceleration of
magnitude 7cm I sec2 against a resistance of magnitude 1Okgm. wt per each ton of the
Power
228
train mass Calculate the power of the train engine when the magnitude of its velocity
equals 27km I h.
(10)
[336 horses]
: A train of mass 350 tons moves along a horizontal line with uniform acceleration
against a total resistance of magnitude 1500kgm.wt. At a certain instant when the

velocity of the train was 30km I h the engine of the driving force of the train was doing
work at a rate 800 horses. Find the magnitude of the acceleration of the train.
[15.96 cm/sec 2J
(11)
: A train of mass 200 tons moves upwards along the line of greatest slope of an inclined
road which inclines at an angle of sine .!:__ to the horizontal. Calculate the power of
100
the train engine if the magnitude of the road resistance equals 5 kgm. wt per each ton
of the train mass, and the maximum velocity of the train of magnitude 36km I h.
[400 horses]
(12)
: A car of mass one ton moves up the line of greatest slope of inclined road, which
inclines at an angle of measure 30 to the horizontal. Calculate the power of the car
motor given that the maximum velocity of the car equals 27km/ h and the road
resistance to the car equals 0.1 of its weight.
[GO horses]
(13). : Calculate the magnitude of the maximum velocity with which a car of mass 3 tons can
.!.. to the
horizon upwards given that the power of its engine is 108 2-horses, and mag~ftude of
move along the line of greatest slope of a plane inclined at an angle of sine
3
the road resistance equals 225kgm. wt. per each ton of its mass.
[30km/h]
(14). : A train of mass 90 ton moves along the line of greatest slope of a plane inclined at an
angle of sine
.!... to the horizontal up the plane with its maximum velocity whose
40
magnitude is 72km I h. Find magnitude of the road resistance per each ton of the
train mass given that the power of its engine is 960 horses.
(15)
[15kgm.wt]
: A train of mass 300 ton descends along the line of greatest slope of a plane inclined at
1
an angle of sine - - to the horizontal with maximum velocity. Calculate the
240
magnitude of this velocity given that the power of the train engine equals 85 horses,
and magnitude of the road resistance equals 7kgm.wt per each ton of its mass.
[21km/h]
(16)
: A train of mass 240 tons moves along a horizontal road with maximum velocity of
magnitude 30km I h. Find magnitude of the road resistance given that the power of its
Power
229
engine equals 400 horses, and if this train ascends a plane inclined at an angle of
sine -1-to the horizon along Us line of greatest slope, and the road resistance does not
100
[18km/h)
change, calculate the maximum velodty of the train on this road.

(1 7)
I : A train of mass 50 tons, and the power of its engine is 120 horses
} moving along a
horizontal road with maximum velocity of magnitude 144km I h. Calculate the

magnitude of the maximum velocity with which the train can ascend a st. road
1
inclined at an angle of sine - - to the horizontal given that the engine power of the
100
train is unchanged and magnitude of the resistance of the horizontal road equals 0.9
of the magnitude of the resistance of the inclined road.
(18)
I :A
car of mass 2 tons, and the power of its motor
[43.2km/h)
28 horses is moving along a
horizontal road against a resistance of magnitude 50kgm.wt per each ton of its mass
with maximum velocity. Calculate the magnitude of this velocity, and if this car
moved along the line of greatest slope of a plane inclined at an angle of sine
!:... to the
10
horizon upwards under the same resistance calculate its maximum velocity on this
plane.
(19)
[75.6 km/h., 7m/sec)
I : A motor cycle ofpower one horse ascends a st. road inclined at an angle of sine
-
1
- - to
100
the horizon with maximum velocity of magnitude 22.5km I h. Find magnitude of the
road resistance given that the mass of the cyclist and his cycle is 200kgm, then find
the maximum velocity with which the cyclist moves along a horizontal road having
the same resistance of the inclined road.
(20)
[lOk'gm.wt, 27km/h]
I : A train of mass 195 tons moves with maximum velocity of magnitude 45km I h along a
horizontal road. Find the power of the train engine given that the magnitude of the
resistance to the motion equals 1Okgm. wt per each ton of the train mass, and if this
train ascends an inclined plane with maximum velocity of magnitude 27km I h. Find
sine the angle of inclination of the plane given that each of the engine power and the
[325 horses, ..!-_ )
resistance is unchanged.
150
(21)
I : A car of mass 3 tons, and the power of its engine equals 37.5 horses moves along a
horizontal road with maximum velocity 67.5km I h and when it reaches the top of a
descent inclined at an angle of sine
!:...to the horizontal, the driver stops its engine,
20
then the car descends the descent with uniform acceleration 24.5cm I sed2 along the
line of greatest slope downwards prove that magnitude of the resistance of the
horizontal road equals twice the magnitude of the resistance of the descent.
Power
(22)
230
: A car of mass 2. 7 tons moves along a horizontal road with maximum velocity of
magnitude 18km I h, and when it reaches the top of a descent inclined at an angle of
sine
!:.. to the horizon, the driver stops its engine, then the car descends along the line
20
of greatest slope of the descent with a velocity equals in magnitude to that of the
horizontal road. Given that magnitude of the descent resistance
= ~of that of the

5
horizontal road. Find the power of the car resistance on the horizontal road.
[15 horses]
(23)
: A car of mass 6 tons, and the power of its engine 30 horses is moving along a
horizontal road against a constant resistance with maximum velocity of magnitude
1OBkm I h. Find magnitude of this resistance per each ton of the car mass. If this car
pulled another car having a broken motor and of mass 2 tons by means of a rope
1
along a road inclined at an angle of sine - -to the horizon. Find magnitude of the
100
maximum velocity with which the two cars can move up this inclined road given that
the power of this first car and the resistance per ton are unchanged:
[12.5kgm.wt, 45km/h]
(24)
: If the motor of a car having mass of 10 ton is stopped, it descends along the line of
greatest slope of a plane inclined at an angle of sine ..!!._ to the horizon with uniform
200
velocity, find the power of the motor of this car when it ascends the same road with
maximum velocity of magnitude 36km I h given that magnitudes of resistance on the
[120 horses]
road in the two cases are equal.
(2""'5"")--=.=-: A car of mass 3 tons moves down a road inclined at an angle of sine !:.. to the
:
35
horizontal under its own ufeight and the road resistance with uniform velocity. Find
the engine power of this car when it moves with its maximum velocity of magnitude
63km I h along a horizontal road assuming that the resistance does not change. Also
find magnitude of the acceleration with which the car moves along the horizontal
road given that the car engine has the same previous power when the car has an
instantaneous velocity of magnitude 36km I h.
(26)
: A car of mass
:i tons is loaded by coal of mass 7 tons from
inclined plane making an angle of sine
[20 horses, 21 cmtsec21

a mine at the top of an
2- to the horizon. If the loaded car moved

100
downwards along the line of greatest slope of this plane with maximum velocity
27km I h, find the engine power of the car given that the magnitude of
the resistance to the car motion equals 30kgm.wt per ton.
Power
..
231
If the car is emptied at the bottom of the plane and moued.backward up the same
road. Find the magnitude of its maximum velocity given that the magnitude of the
[20 horses, 46km/h]
resistance per ton is unchanged. .

(27)
I : A car of mass 5 tons moues along a horizontal road, the power of its engine equals 42
horses when its velocity has a maximum magnitude which is 63 km I h, find
magnitude of the resistance to the car motion at this instant, and if the magnitude of
the resistance is proportional to the square of magnitude of the velocity, find the
magnitude of the acceleration with which the car moues along the line of greatest
slope of a pll ne inclined at an angle of sine l:__ to the horizon downwards when
100
magnitude of the car velocity equals 31.5km/ hand its power equals 35 horses.
[180kgm.wt, 59.78cm/sec2J
(28)
I : A car of mass 4 tons moues downwards along the line of greatest slope of a plane
inclined at an angle of sine 2-to the horizon with uniform velocity of magnitude
40
36km I h. Calculate the power of the car engine when it ascends the same inclined
plane with maximum velocity of magnitude 54km I h given that magnitude of the
plane resistance to the car is proportional to the square of magnitude of the car
[66 horses]
velocity given that its engine is off during descending.

(29)
I : A train of mass 300 tons ascends a plane inclined at an angle of sine - 1-
to the
240
horizontal with maximum velocity of magnitude 54km I h. If the power of the train
engine is 450 horses find in kgm.wt magnitude of the resistance pf!r each ton of the
car mass. If magnitude of the resistance is proportional to the square of magnitude of
the car Jelocity, find the power of tl~e engine of this train when it moues along a
horizontal line with maximum velocity of magnitude 63km I h.
(30)
[10/3, 318 horses]
I : A locomotive of mass 60 tons pulls number of wagons of mass 240 tons along a st. line
on a horizontal plane with maximum velocity of magnitude 15.2m I sec. It can also
pull' another number of wagons of mass 140 tons with the same velocity upwards
along a st. road inclines at an angle of sine - 1-to the horizontal, find magnitude of
100
the resistance per each ton of thetrainmass given that it is same in the two cases and
then calculate the power of the train :engine
<31>
[20kgm.wt, 1216 horses]
: A train of mass 200 tons moues upwards along the line of greatest slope of a plane
inclined at an angle of sine .!:...to the horizontal with maximum velocity of magnitude
so
232
Power
10.Bkm/h. If this train moves once more downwards along the same plane, the
magnitude of its maximutn velocity changes to 32.4km I h. Calculate the magnitude of
the resistance per each ton of the train mass given that it is constant in the two states
of ascending and descending, also calculate the power of the train engine.
[40kgm.wt, 480 horses]

(32)
: A car of mass 1.5 ton moves along a horizontal road with maximum velocity of
magnitude 126km I h, and also moves upwards along an inclined road which inclines
at an angle of sine !:_to the horizon with maximum velocity of magnitude 90km I h.
50
If the magnitude of the resistance is the same in the two cases. Find :
(i)
Magnitude of the resistance and power of the car engine.
(ii) Magnitude of the velocity with which the car descends the same inclined road
[75kgm.wt, 35 horses, 21 Okm/h]
under the same resistance.

(33)
: A car of mass 2 tons is loaded by coal of mass 3 tons from a mine at the top of an
1
inclined road which inclines at an angle of sint.- to the horizon. If the loaded car
50
moved downwards with maximum velocity of magnitude 54km I h until it reached the
bottom of the road where it is emptied and moved upwards on the same inclined road
with maximum velocity 27km I h. Find the power of the car engine given that the
magnitude of the resistance during ascending = ~of the magnitude of the resistance
3
during descending.
(34)
[16 horses]
: A train of mass m tons moves upwards along the line of greatest slope of a plane
inclined at an angle of sine 2-.to the horizontal with maximum velocity of magnitude
125
36km I h against resistance of magnitude 16kgm.wt per each ton of the train mass.
After reaching the top of the inclined plane, the last wagon of mass 15 ton is
separated from the train, and then it moved once more downwards along the inclined
road with maximum velocity of magnitude 120km I h given that magnitude of the
resistance per ton is the same in the two cases. Calculate the value of m and the
power of the train engine.
[150 ton, 480 horses]
(3"'"5""")~.!!!!!"-: A car of mass 15 tons moves upwards along a road inclined at an angle of sine !:_to
50
the horizon with maximum velocity 72km I h., and if the car moves downwards on the
same road with maximum velocity of magnitude 1OBkm I h find the power of the car
233
Power
engine given that magnitude of the road resistance is proportional to the magnitude
of the car velocity.
(36)
I :A
{240 horses]
car of mass 4 tons and the po~er of its engine is 32 horses ascends a st. road
incliried at an angle of sine !:_to the horizontal with maximum velocity of magnitude
40
15m I sec. Find magnitude of the road resistance, and magnitude of the maximum
velocity with which the car descends along the same inclined road given that the
magnitude of the road resistance is proportional to the magnitude of the car velocity.
{60kgm.wt, 40m/sec]
A A
In each of the following problems, i ,j are two perpe11dicular unit vectors in

~
the directions of O~ OY in the coordinate plane:

(37)
_..
: The foT"Ce F
= 5i + 12} acts on particle,
the time "t" is given by the equation

-
whose displacement vector S as a function of
s = ~ rt2
2
+ 1)
i + (6t2- t) J'
where t in sec.,
.....
.......
magnitude of Sin meters, and magnitude of Fin Newton calculate the power of F
when t
(38)
=3 sec.
{495 watt]
~
/\
I :A constant foT"Ce F =ki + bj
..:i.
acts on a particle to displace it by S
...
._?.
=4 (r
_?.~
+ 3t + 2) i -3rJ
......
during the time interval t sec. Given that magnitude of F in dynes and of S in
ems and the work done by F during the first 3 seconds

.......
F when t
(39>
=4780 erg and the power of
=2 sec. is 1520 erg I sec. Find magnitude of F.
: A foT"Ce F
......
= 6i
[lOOdyne]
,
+ BJ acts on a particle of mass 2 kgm. If the position vector of this
particle as a function the time t sec i;t = (kt2 + 8) i-b rt2-t + 5);, magnitude o(; in
......
......
meters and magnitude of F in Newton. Find values of Kand b and power of F when
t = 2 seconds.
3 , -2, 84 watt]
{ _
2
234
Kinetic Energy
DEFINITION OF KINETIC ENERGY:

(1)
I : Prove that the kinetic energy of a bullet of mass 25gm. and moving with velocity
320m I sec. equals the kinetic energy of a car of mass 4 tons and moving with velocity
80cm/sec.
(2)
: Calculate the kinetic energy of a train of mass 540 tons when magnitude of its velocity
equals 36km I h., measured : in

(i) Joules.
(3)
121x 1o6, 7.5J
(ii) Kilowatt hours.
: Find the magnitude of velocity of a motor cycle of mass 80 kgm when its kinetic
energy equals 50 kgm.wt.m.

(4)
I :A
[8.5m/sec]
gun fires 300 bullets per minute, magnitude of the velocity of each bullet is
1260km I h, and the mass of each is 24gm. Find the kinetic energy of the bullets fired
per second.
(5)
[750kg.wt.m.]
: Find the kinetic energy of a body of mass 18gm measured in joules when its velocity
A
= 75i
/I
/I
....._
+ 40) given that i, j are two perpendicular unit vectors, magnitude of Vin
m I sec, and if this kinetic energy equals twice the kinetic energy of another body of
mass 28.9kgm at a certain instant, find magnitude of its velocity.
[65.025 joule, 1.5m/sec]
(6)
: A projectile is firel{rom a cannon with velocity V
=150i + 200), where i and) are two
perpendicular unit vectors and the magnitude of velocity is measured in units of

cm I sec. Find the mass of the projectile measured in kg. if its kinetic energy at the
instant of firing equals 15 joules.
,_
(7)
[4.8 kg.]
I : If i , j
are two perpendicular unit vectors, and the kinetic energy of a body of mass
_,.,
370gm and velocity
v1 = 30i + 80) at a certain instant equals the kinetic energy of

_..
another body of velocity V2
=9i + 17) at the same instant. Find the mass of the second
body given that the magnitude of each velocity is measured in m I sec.

(8)
[7.8 kgm]
: A body of constant mass moves along a straight line. Given that the magnitude of its
momentum at a certain instant = 112kg.m I sec. and its kinetic energy at the same
instant
instant.
=80kg. wt.
m. find the mass of the body and magnitude of its velocity at this
[8kgm, 14m/sec]
Kinetic Energy
(9)
235
: A car of mass 2.4 tons, an:d the power of its engine is 24 horses is moving along a st.
horizontal road with maximum velocity under a resistance of magnitude 25kg.wt. per
each ton of the car mass. Calculate the maximum kinetic energy of the car in kilowatt
hour.
(10)
[0.3]
I : A train of mass 72 tons moves along a straight horizontal road, the magnitude of its
resistance is proportional to the square of magnitude of the train velocity, given that
the magnitude of the resistance is 5kg.wt. per each ton of its mass when the
magnitude of the train velocity is 45km/h and the force of its engine is 921.6kg.wt.
find the maximum kinetic energy of the train in kilowatt hour.
(11)
[4 kw.h.]
I : A fixed cannon fired a projectile of mass 5kgm with a velocity of magnitude 280m I sec
in a horizontal direction towards a tank moving with velocity 72km I h and it hits it
find the kinetic energy of the projectile relative to the tank if:
(First)
The tank is moving away of the cannon.
[169000joule]
(Secoml) The tank is moving towards the tank.
[220000 joule]
THE CHANGE OF KINETIC ENERGY:

(12)
I : A body of mass 14kg. moves along a straight line and its displacement vector during
the time interval (t) is given by the relation S = ( !:__ t 3 -t2 + 14) ~where~ is a unit
3
vector in the direction of its motion and t is measured in seconds and the magnitude
....
of Sis measured in metres. Find the increase of the kinetic energy of the body between
t = 4 second and t = 7 seconds.
(13)
I : A body of mass 500gm.
[8127 joule]
is projected upwards along the line of greatest slope of a
smooth plane inclined to the horizontal at an angle of sine 5 I 28 with velocity of

magnitude 4m I sec. Calculate the kinetic energy of this body at the end of 8 seconds
from the instant of projection, then calculate the change in the kinetic energy during
this interval in joules.
(14)
I : A body of mass 250gm.
[21]
is projected upwards along the line of greatest slope of a
smooth plane inclined to the horizontal at an angle of measure 30 and after 2

seconds it is found that its kinetic energy equals 1.225kg.wt.m. Find the initial
kinetic energy of this body, then calculate the kinetic energy lost during this time
interval.
[4.9, 3.675 kgm.wt.m]
236
(15)
Kinetic Energy
: A body of mass 75gm moves horizontally with velocity of magnitude 40cm/sec. It
collides with a vertical wall. If the change of its momentum due to the collision with
the wall equals 4800gm.cm I sec calculate the change in kinetic energy of this body
[-38400 erg]
due to collision with the wall.

(16)
: A ball of mass 320 gm fell vertically downwards from a height of 8.lm above the
ground surface and rebounded upwards after collision with the ground to a height of
3.6m before coming to rest. Calculate the kinetic energy of the ball at the instant of
reaching the ground and at the instant of leaving the ground, then find the change in
its kinetic energy due to collision with the ground in kg.wt.m.
(17)
[2.592, 1.152, -1..44)
: A ball of mass 200gm. is projected vertically downwards with velocity 19.6m I sec.
from a height of 102. 9m. above the ground surface to collide with the ground and
rebound vertically upwards. Given that the change in momentum due to the collision
with the ground is 16.Bkgm.m I sec. Find each of:
,
(i)
The change in the kinetic energy of the ball from the instant of projection till it
reaches ground.
(ii) The change in its kinetic energy due to collision with the ground.
[201.684, -117.6joule]
(18)
: A body moves in a vertical plane under a constant force, and its position vector rafter
a time interval "t" is
.9. t\
r =(15t + 9) i + (3 + 20t -5r)
j where i , j are two unit vectors in
A
the horizontal and vertical directions respectively. Given that the change in the
kinetic energy of this body from t = 1 sec to t
meters find the mass of this body.
(19)
=4 sec is 600 joules, magnitude of rin

[4 kgm]
: A ball of mass 48gm. moving horizontally impinges with a vertical wall and rebounds
in a horizontal direction. Given that the change in momentum of the ball due to the
impact with the wall is 24 ,x I o3gm.cm/ sec, and the kinetic energy lost due to the
impact with the wall is 12 x 1o5erg, find magnitudes of the velocities of the ball
immediately before and after impact.
(20)
[3 , 2 m/sec]
: A bullet of mass 20gm. is fired with horizontal velocity of magnitude 6030cm I sec. at a
wooden piece of mass 4kg. placed on a smooth horizontal plane. If the bullet is
t.mbedded through the wooden piece and they move together as one body, find
Kinetic Energy
237
magnitude of their common' velocity after impact and calculate the kinetic energy lost
due to the impact.
(21)
[30 cm/sec, 36.18joules]
I : A smooth sphere of mass lOkg. moving along a straight horizontal line with velocity
5m I sec. impinges with another spnere of mass 20kg. moving along the same straight
line and in an opposite direction to that of the first sphere with velocity 7m I sec. then
the two spheres move together as on body. Find magnitude of their common velocity
after impact and the kinetic energy lost due to the impact.
(22)
(3 m/sec., 480 joule]
I : A smooth sphere of mass 3kgm is moving along a horizontal st. line with velocity of
magnitude 50cm I sec, impinges with another sphere of mass 5 kgm, moving along the
same st. line and in an opposite direction of that of the first sphere with velocity of
magnitude 1Ocm I sec. If the first sphere rebounds with velocity of magnitude
20cm I sec. Find the velocity of the second sphere after impact and the kinetic energy
lost due to the impact.
(23)
[32cm/sec, 840000 erg]
I : A small sphere of mass 6gm moves along a horizontal st. line with uniform velocity of
magnitude lOcm/sec. After 2 seconds from passing this sphere by a certain point,
another sphere of mass 5gm moves from this point in the same direction of motion of
the first sphere with initial velocity lcm I sec, and uniform acceleration lcm I sec2.
Prove that the two spheres collide, and if the two spheres form one body after impact
find its velocity just after impact and calculate the lost kinetic energy due to the
impact.
(24)
'
[1/Scm/sec.,
16/Serg]
I : A smooth sphere of mass 6kgm moves along a horizontal st. line with uniform velocity
lOm I sec. It collides with another smooth sphere of mass 2kgm moving along the
same st. line with velocity of magnitude Vcm I sec in a direction opposite to that of the
first sphere so the velocity of the first sphere becames 7.5cm I sec immediately after
impact in the same direction of its velocity before impact. Given that the kinetic
energy lost due to this impact equals 150 joule find the velocity of the second sphere
after impact.
[2.6 m/sec]
PRINCIPLE OF WORK AND KINETIC ENERGY:

(25)
: A body of mass 1250gm moves along a horizontal st. line starting from rest with
238
Kinetic Energy
uniform acceleration of magnitude 196cm I sec!- under the action of a horizontal force
.....
F, find:
.....
(i) The work done by F through a distance 8 meters from the starting instant.
(ii) The kinetic energy gained at the end of this distance and magnitude of the velocity
of this body.
(26)
[19.6joule, 5.6m/sec]
: A horizontal force of magnitude 5kgm. wt acts on a body of mass 196kgm to move it

along a st. line a distance 2.8m in its direction. Calculate the increase of the kinetic
energy of this body, and if the kinetic energy of this body at the end of this distance is
141.12joule, find magnitude of the initial velocity of this body.
(27)
[20cm/sec]
: A horizontal force of magnitude 50kgm. wt acts on a body of mass 39.2 kgm to change
its velocity from 2 7km I h to 45km I h after covering a distance "S" meters in the same
direction of the given force, find each of the kinetic energy gained of this body, and
the value of S.
(28)
[1960joule, 4m]
: A bullet of mass 20gm is fired from the opening of a gun tube of length 90cm with
velocity of magnitude 240 m I sec. Calculate the work done by the gas pressure inside
the tube assuming that the gas pressure is constant and neglecting the resistance,
then calculate the magnitude of the gas pressure.
(29)
[576joule, 640 NJ
: When a car of mass 1.5 ton was moving with velocity of magnitude 14m/sec, its
engine is stopped so the car moved along a st. horizontal line against a resistance of
magnitude 300kgm.wt until it came to rest. Find the kinetic energy lost during this
interval, and the distance covered during it.
(30)
[15000 kgm.wt.m., 50m]
: When a train of mass 200 tons was moving with velocity of magnitude 63km I h, its
engine is stopped, it moved along a st. horizontal line and its velocity became
31.5km/h after covering a distance equals 25/ 16km. Find the work done by the
resistance during this distance and its magnitude per each ton of the train mass.
[7.5 kgm.wt]
(31)
I :A train of mass 98 ton is moving along a straight horizontal road and when it is at a
position A, its engine is stopped so its kinetic energy after covering a distance 800
meters decreases by 40 x J0 4kg.wt.m. Find the magnitude of the resistance to the
motion of the train assuming that it is constant and if the kinetic energy of the train
at the end of this distance equals 16 x105kgm.wt.m. Find the magnitude of the train
Kinetic Energy
239
velocity at the position A , and the distance which it covers from A till it comes to rest.
[50Qkgm.wt., 20m/sec, 4km]

(32)
I : A projectile is fired horizontally with velocity of magnitude 70m I sec at a fixed target
and it is embedded in it. Given that the work done by the target resistance during the
distance which the projectile moved in the target is 1225 joule, find the mass of the
1
{ - kgm]
projectile given that the resistance is constant.
(33)
I :A bullet of mass 15gm is fired horizontally at a fixed target with velocity of magnitude
200m I sec and whenitembeds in it a horizontal distance 32cm, it loses
!... of the
5
magnitude of its original velocity. Find the magnitude of the resistance of the target
{900 Newton]
assuming that it is constant.

(34)
I :A
bullet of mass 20gm. is fired horizontally at a fixed target with velocity of
magnitude 294m/ sec. If the resistance of the target to its motion is 441kg.wt. find the
distance which the bullet embeds in the target before coming to rest.
(35)
{20cm]
: A bullet is fired horizontally with velocity of magnitude BOOkm I h at a vertical fixed

target of wood, and it embedded in it a horizontal distance 20cm. If the same bullet is
fired with the same velocity at another vertical target of the same wood and its
thickness is 15cm, find magnitude of the velocity with which this bullet gets out of the
second target a8suming that the magnitude of the wood resistance is the same in the
two cases.
(36)
[400km/h]
I : An armour made of two adhered layers, the first of iron and its thickness equals 2 cm,
the second of wood and its thickness equals 4cm. The armour was in a vertical
position when two bullets of equal masses were fired horizontally with velocities
equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, the first bullet passed through the iron,
and came to rest after embedding 2cm in the wood, and the second passed through
the wood and stopped after embedding one cm in the iron. Find the ratio between the
magnitude of resistances of iron and wood assuming that each of them is constant.
[2:
(37)
I :A train moves along a horizontal st. line. when it is at a distance
11
~ km from a station
and the .magnitude of its velocity is 3 7. Bkm I h the driver stopped the train engine so
the traimmoved against the friction and the air resistance whose magnitude equals
_l_ of the weight of the train. If the brakes resistance of the train equals .!:_ of its
100
w
240
Kinetic Energy
weight find the distance at which the brakes must be used such that the train reaches
[36.2/f ml
the station in the state of rest.

(38)
: A bullet of mass 25gm is fired horizontally with velocity of magnitude 40m I sec at a
v~rtical
wall of thickness 14cm, it penetrates through the wall and comes out of it
with velocity of magnitude 30m I ses, and penetrates with this velocity through
another vertical wall, the magnitude of its resistance equals
... of that of the first

5
wall and comes out of it with velocity of magnitude 20m I sec, find (i) The thickness of
the second wall. (ii) Magnitude of the resistance of each wall.
(39)
[12.5cm, 62.5N, 50NJ
: A car of mass 2.45 tons moves along a horizontal st. road with uniform acceleration.
If its velocity at a certain instant was 27km I h and after covering a distance 9m, its
velocity became Blkm/h. Find the kinetic energy gained during this distance, and
magnitude of the force of the car motor given that magnitude of the resistance to the
car motion equals BOkgm.wt per ton.
(40)
[56250kgm.wt.m, 6446kgm.wt]
: A cyclist is moving on a straight horizontal road, starting from rest with uniform
acceleration, used his legs in moving the bicycle to cover a distance of 320m. where
the kinetic energy of the bicycle and the cyclist together became 1600kg.wt.m, at this
instant the cyclist stopped moving his legs to cover another 150m. where their kinetic
energy, together became 1150kg.wt.m. Calculate the magnitude of each of the driving
force of the bicycle and the resistance of the road assuming that it is constant.
[8, S kgm.wt]
(41)
: A tram wagon in the state of rest is pulled by a horizontal rope inclined at an angle of
measure 60 to the direction of the tram rails so it moved adistance24.5m against a
resistance of magnitude 3000kgm.wt. the kinetic energy gained during this distance
equals 18375kgm.wt.m. calculate: (i) The work done by the resistance.
(ii) The work done by the tension in the rope. (iii) Magnitude of the tension force in
the rope.
(42)
[-735000, 91875kgm.wt.m, 7500kgm.wt]
: A body of mass 50kgm is left to fall from a height 40m above the ground surface.
Calculate its kinetic energy when it reaches the ground surface, and if this body
embedded a distance 80cm through the ground before coming to rest, prove that the
magnitude of the ground resistance equals 2550kgm.wt assuming that it is constant.
(43)
: A body of mass 2.5kgm fell vertically downwards from a height 7m above the ground
Kinetic Energy
241
surface and embedded a distance "S" through the ground before coming to rest. If the
magnitude of the ground resistance equals 90kgm.wt find the value of S .
(44)
[20tm]
: A body of mass 140gm fell vertically downwards from a height of 62.5cm above the
surface of a liquid and lost
!:.. of the magnitude of its velocity due to its collision with
5
the liquid, then it embedded a distance 80cm through the liquid before coming to
rest, find the magnitude of the liquid resistance.

(45)
[210gm.wt]
: On building the foundation of a house a hammer of mass 210 kgm is used to fall
down from a height of 90cm. on a cylinder of mass 140kg. to push it in the ground a
distance of 1Bcm. Find :
(i) Magnitude of the common velocity of the cylinder and the hammer just after
impact.
(ii) Lost kinetic energy due to impact.
(iii) Magnitude of the average resistance of the ground to the cylinder, in kgm. wt.
[2.52m/sec, 740.88jouk, 980kg.wt.]

(46)
I : A body of mass 4kgm fell vertically downwards from a height 19.6m above another
body of mass 3 kgm placed on a sandy ground, they form one body after the collision
and embedded together through the ground. Given that the ground resistance is
constant and its magnitude equals 2247kgm.wt. Find the distance which the two
bodies move through the ground before coming to rest and the kinetic energy lost.
[2cm, 329.28 joule]

(47)
I :A force of magnitude 12kgm.wt acted on a body which is placed at rest on a horizontal

plane so the body moved along a st. line and at the end of a time interval "t" seconds,
the body gained kinetic energy equals 548.8 joule and also its gained momentum in
the same interval is 196kgm.m I sec. At the end of this interval the force is ceased so
the body came to rest once more after covering 8 meters from the instant of ceasing
the force. Find the mass of this body, and magnitude of the plane resistance
assuming that it is constant and the value oft.
(48)
[35kgm, 7kgm.wt, 4sec]
I : A man of mass 80kgm wishes to move from a point A on a st. horizontal road to
another point B on the road using his car whose mass is 400kgm. Given that the
distance AB = 240m and the car started from rest, and the man used the car motor
I(
fl
during a portion of this distance until the car gained a velocity of magnitude Vm I sec,
242
Kinetic Energy
then the man stopped the car engine to reach the point B, in the state of rest, find the
"
distance during which the man used the car engine, and value of V. given that
magnitude of the motor force is 120kgm.wt, and magnitude of the resistance is
30kgm.wt. (considerg
(49)
=lOm/sec/2)
[60m, 15m/sec]
: A body of mass 15kgm descends from the state of rest along the line of greatest slope of
an inclined plane of height 1.Bm and length 9m, starting from the top of the plane.
Given that magnitude of the piane resistance equals 600gm.wt, find the work done by
the resultant force acting on. t'fie body and magnitude of its velocity when it reaches
the bottom of the plane.
(50)
[21.6kgm.wt.m, 5.8m/sec]
: A body of mass 16kgm is projected upwards with velocity of magnitude 8.4m I sec from
the bottom of a plane inclined at an angle of sine !:_to the horizon along the line of
5
greatest slope. If magnitude of the plane resistance equals 4kgm.wt. Find the lost
kinetic energy until the body comes to rest, and the maximum distance which it
[57.6kgm.wt.m, Sm]
ascends.
(51)
: A body is placed at the top of an inclined plane of length 1 Bm inclined at an angle of

measure 30 to the horizontal and is left to slide along the line of greatest slope. If its
kinetic energy at the bottom of the incline is 4.41kgm.wt.m, and the body continues
its motion on a horizontal plane under the same resistance of the inclined plane, and
comes to rest after covering 50cm on the horizontal plane. Given that the body loses
~
4
of its kinetic energy when it moves from the inclined plane to the horizontal plane,
find magnitude of the resistance and the mass of the body.
(52)
[2.205kgm.wt, 4.9kgm]
: A particle moves in the plane XOY. Its position vector r as a function of the time t
3 .9. 7) ~ 1 9 3) ~ he ~ ~
. -r= ( .
to rs int
. he d.zrec ti.on
sec. is
r + z+ 1i - - tJ,W rei,Jaretwoumtvec
-
of i5X, OY respectively, magnitude of rin meters and the kinetic energy of this body
after 2 seconds equals 55.5 joule find :
(i) The mass of this body.
(ii) Kinetic energy of this body after 5 seconds.
(iii) The work done by the resultant force acting on this body in the time interval from
t =2 sec to t= 5 se.c..
(iv) Magnitude of the force acting on this body, then find when the kinetic energy of this
body equals 135 joule.
[8kgm, 411 joule, 855.5 joule,
{iii N,
8 sec]
[ Potential Energy
243
DEFINITION OF POTENTIAL ENERGY:

(1)
: A fire man of mass 75 kgm descends vertically using a vertical ladder find the
potential energy lost when he descends from a height 12m above the ground surface
[8820 joule]
to the ground surface.

(2)
: A boy of mass 45kgm ascends from the third fioor to the tenth fioor in a building
using a lift, find the potential energy which he gained given that the height of each
fioor
(3)
=3m.
[9261 joule]
I : A body of mass 350gm fell from an aeroplane moving horizontally, find the height of
the plane at this instant given that the potential energy of the body at this moment is
13.72x103 joule.
(4)
[4 km]
I : To produce energy in a certain dam, the water falls from a height 19m to a height 4m
above the ground surface producing 17.64 x 10 7 kilowatt. hour per day. Find the rate
[5x107 kgm}
at which the water fallsptr- Su.tmtl.

(5)
I : AB is the line of greatest slope of an inclined plane, whose top is A, its bottom is B,
and inclined at an angle of sint.!:.....w the horizon. If AB
40
=120m, CEAB, AC= 48m,
body of mass 5kgm descends from A towards B, find:

(i) The potential energy lost when it descends from A to C.
(ii) The potential energy of the body at C.

(6)
I :A
[58.8, 8S.2joule]
man of mass 70kg ascends an inclined plane with uniform velocity of magnitude
0.9km I h along its line of greatest slope starting from the bottom of the plane to reach
its top after 2 minutes. If the potential energy of the man at the top of the plane
equals 1050kgm.wt.111.Pind the measure of the angle of inclination of the plane.
(7)
[30j
I : A particle moves from a point A (-5, 2) in a coordinate plane XOY to a point B (3, 1)
under the action of a foT'Ce F= kf + 6/, where i ,}are two unit vectors parallel to the
_..,. _..,.
~
axes OX, OY respectively, I Fii in dynes, magnitude of displacement in cm. If the
potential energy of this particle at A is 28erg, find the value of k, then calculate the
change of the potential energy of the particle when it moves from A to B. [8 , -58 er g}
(8)
: A particle starts motion in the plane XOY, from a point A under the action of a force
Poteptial Energy
_..
244
A /\
F = 9i-12j, where i ,j are two. unit vectors in the directions of OX, OY respectively. If
the position vector of this particle as a function of the time t in seconds is
-;:- (t2
+ 5)
i + (t2- 1) J, and the particle moved from A to another point B during .
3 seconds find :
(i) The potential energy of the particle at A.

(ii) The change in the potential energy during this interval.
.....
......
[-57, 27 joule]
Given magnitude of Fin Newton and magnitude of r in meters.
CONSERVATION OF SUM OF ENERGIES:

(9)
A body of mass 4kgm is left to fall vertically from a height 22.5m above the ground
surface, find each of the potential energy, and the kinetic energy of the body :
(First) At the falling instant.
(Second) When it reaches the ground surface.
(Third) When the magnitude of its velocity equals 14m/sec.
[(90, OJ , (O, 90) , (50, 40) kg.wt.m.]

(10)
: A body of mass 2.5kgm fell vertically from a point A above the ground surface to reach
a point B on the ground surface where its kinetic energy is 245 joule. Find the
potential energy of this body at A in kg.wt.m, then calculate its kinetic energy and
magnitude of its velocity when it is at a height 6.4m above the ground surface.
[25kg.wt.m, 88.2joule, 8.4m/sec]

(11)
: If the potential energy of a body at a height "h" meters above
~he
ground surface is
7.35 joule, and its mass is 300gm, find value of h and if the body fell vertically
downwards. Find its kinetic energy and magnitude of its velocity when it reaches the
ground surface, and the height of this body above the ground surface when the
magnitude of its velocity equals 2.8m I sec.
(12)
[2.5m, 7.35 joule, 'Im/sec, 2.lm]
: A body of mass 2kgm is projected vertically upwards with a certain velocity, and the
sum of its potential and kinetic energies during this motion equals 784joule find:
(i) The maximum value of its potential energy and its height then .
(ii) The maximum value of its kinetic energy and magnitude of its velocity then.
(iii) Its potential energy and its height when its kinetic energy is 294joule.
[784joule, 40m, 784, 28m/sec, 490joule, 25m]
Potential Energy
(13)
245
I : A body starts motion from the top of an inclined plane to its bottom along its line of
greatest slope, and starting from rest. If its potential energy at the top of the plane
equals 17.64 joule and magnitude of its velocity when it reaches the bottom of the
plane is 8.4m I sec. Find the mass of this body and the height of the plane.
[500gm, 3.6m]
(14)
: A body of mass 400gm is projected from the bottom of an inclined plane with velocity
of magnitude 14m I sec along the line of greatest slope upwards, find the potential
energy of the body and its height above the ground surface in each of the following
cases:
(i) When the bo_dy comes to rest.

(ii) When magnitude of the velocity of the body equals 7m I sec.
[39.2 joule, 1Om, 29.4, 7.5m]

(15)
: A body of mass 3kgm is projected from the top "A" of an inclined plane towards its
bottom "B" with velocity of magnitude 7m I sec along the line of greatest slope of the
plane. ,Ifthe height of this plane equals 7.5m, and "B" lies on the ground surface find:
(i) The sum of the kinetic energy and the potential energy of this body at "A".
(ii) The work done by the weight of the body.
(iii) The kinetic energy of the body at B and magnitude of its velocity then.
[294 jouk, 220.5,joule, 294 joule, 14m/sec]

(16)
: A body of mass 4 kgm is projected from the bottom "A" of an inclined plane towards
,,
another point B on the plane with velocity of magnitude 7m I sec along the line of
~
greatest slope AB. If the kinetic energy of this body at a point ."C" bisecting AB equals
80.36 joule, and A lies on the ground surface find ,.(First)
The potential energy of the body at C, and its height of the ground surface ate
(Secornl) Prove that the change in potential energy from "C" to "B" equals =-the
change of kinetic energy in the same distance
=-17.64 joule.
[17.64 joule, 45cm]
(17)
i : From a point A on the line of greatest slope of a smooth plane which is inclined at
angle of measure 30 to the horizontal, a body is projected upwards to reach another
Potential Energy
246
point on the same line after 2 seconds. If the kinetic energy at B

at A
= 1.225kgm.wt.m,
=the potential energy
and the work done by the weight of the body during the
motion from A to B equals-3.675kgm.wt.m. find:
(First)
The kinetic energy of the body at A.
(Second) The potential energy of the body at B.
(Third)
Magnitude of its velocity at each of A and B.

1
[4.9, 4.9kgm.wt.m, 19.6, 9.8m/sec, -kgm]
(Fourth) The mass of the body.
(18)
: A simple pendulum consists of a light string of length 1 BOcm, carrying at its end a
body of mass 400gm, and move through an angle of measure 120 find:
(i) The potential energy lost due to the motion of the body from the initial point of the
path of motion to the mid point of the path.
(ii) Magnitude of the velocity of the body at the mid point of the path.
[0.36 kgm.wt.m, 420cm/sec]

}.
(19). : If i , j are two perpendicular unit vectors, and a particle moved from the point A
"
I\
whose position vector is 3i-2j to the point B whose position vector is 7i + j under
~
the action of the force F
_..
5i -12j, where magnitude of F in Newton, and
magnitude of the displacement in meters. Calculate the change of each of the kinetic
l-16joule, 16joule]
and potential energy during this motion.
_..
(20)
: A particle moves in the cartisian plane XOY under the action of a force F = Bi -3),
A
-?-
where i , j are two unit vectors in the directions of OX, OY, respectively, and
.......
magnitude of F is measured in newton and magnitude of the displacement in meters.

Given that the change in kinetic energy of this particle when it moves from a point A
"
J\
to a point B whose position vector is 5i-4j
equals 34 joule calculate the potential
energy at A given that (O , 0) is the zero point of the potential energy.
l-18joule]
ENERGY LOST DUE TO THE RESISTANCE:

(21)
: A body of mass 24 kgm placed at the top "A" of a rough inclined plane of height 40cm
so the body moved down the plane along the line of greatest slope of the plane and
reached its base "B" with velocity of magnitude 2.1 m I sec. Find its potential energy at
A and its kinetic energy at B, then calculate the work done against resistance, and if
Potential Energy
247
sine the angle of inclination of the plane equals 2-, find magnitude of this resistance.
.
5
[9.6, 6.4, 4.2 kg.wt.m, 4.2kg.wt.]
(22)
I : A body of mass 5kgm is projected from the bottom of an inclined plane along the line
of greatest slope upwards with velocity of magnitude 5.6m I sec so it reached
maximum height lOOcm above the ground surface. Find the kinetic energy of the body
at the bottom and the potential energy at the top then calculate the work done against
the plane resistance, and find the kinetic energy of the body and magnitude of its
velocity when it returns once more to the bottom of the plane.
[3 , 2 kgm.wt.m, 2.8/sec]
(23)
I :A
body is projected up a rough inclined plane from its bottom along the line of
greatest slope, and it comes to instantaneous rest after it has acquired potential
energy of 441kg.wt.m, and when it returns to the bottom of the plane its kinetic
energy becomes 357kg.wt.m. Find its kinetic energy when it is projected, and if the
maximum height the body reaches above the horizontal plane passing through the
bottom of the plane is 21 Ocm. and the magnitude of the resistance force to its motion
is 12kg.wt. Find:
(First)
Sine the angle of inclination of the plane.
(Seco1Ul) Magnitude of velocity ofprojection of the body.

[625 kg.wt.m., ~' 700 cm/sec]
' 10
248
FULL SOLUTIONS OF MECHANICS

FIRST: STATICS
:. R + - N -
:. R = 45
from (2) :. R =
Solutions of Friction Problems
ill Assume that the value of the friction force is F, where the
body is in equilibrium.
:.F-P=O,
: . 7.5-P = 0
:. P = 7.5 n,
: R -13.5 = 0
AJ.R <1 --
. Pr
7.5 _ 5
-=--R
9
6
In fig (2), R' + F, x
Fx
J3 / 3 x 45
:. F=15 J3 R
F= R=
1
3
=F Cos
= 30/3 Kg.wt=
:. R
R'
1
4
5 = x 25
4
:. =
5
R
:. 18
= R, R =48
:. 18
x 48
12 x12=5,P= 12
JIT
=3
:.18 Cos a
R + 18Sin
V1+ttl
.UR <t----,
It
ria1
----t> -'
=3
(~!!'
Secon d : Th e fi gu re in ex, (3)

Where, R + P Sin 30 =60 .,, (1 )
: R' Cos 30 = R= Tan 30 x R
. J3 1
T= J3 N
3
5
=F
: . 18 x -
=F,
:, F = 10.8 R
R = 48 - 18 x -
___.ln the limiting friction force= R =
8 R = 36 + 72 Sin 30 = 36 + 72
:. Rx
:. R'
=79
x 72 : . =
36
Bx33.6 = 13,2
: . F < R :. the body is not abou t to m ove
72 Cos 30
=33.6
J3 N
=48
J17 Kg.wt
R. = R =(Tan 30) x 60 = 20
=2/3N ,,, (2 )
40
Second: Suppose t he Friction Force afte r ch ange it's dire ction

is F and th e angle is a
{!l First: Th e figure like ex, (3)
: . R'
,UR+--
:. R =25
= 40
18
,______1_
6______________
R = 60
= 20 x S = 16 kg, wt
:. = 48
:. R + Sx12 R =16 = 12 Kg .wt
=12
J2
ill First: W hen t he body is about to move, then the friction
16
From (1) and (2)
:. P
:. R' = 18, fro m (2) in F =6
a~
= R,
= 19 R .,.,,, (2)
:. R'=
force is limiting an d equa i R & the equilibrium equations
50
R .,, (2
=24 .,. (1)
a
3
5
:. R x - = - R
R'= 24
+ 25 x -
J3
ill R + R' Sin a = 16

4 '
R + SR = 16 .,, ,, (1)
3
5
x 24
Second:
,__.e_=_3_0_ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ ___, 2s x
24
{fil First: Friction Force
45
J(1+i)=90/J3
fi. = J
:. R'+ -
: R Cos
ft0\45
=1/3
:. = 8/24
ill R =45 ,, , (1)
I>
In figure (l), R = 24 , 8 = R
:. P < R :. the body is abo ut to move
=45
'
24
= 3 x 13.5 =9R
R'= RJ(1+v )
R'
,____,. F
9=
: . The final va lue of the friction force= R
:. Tan
=60
. -x45
2
= 30kg,wt
:. R =13.5 N
:. R'
1
2
Substi tute in (1)
1
= 72,
2
x-
TJ3
~1 +~4 = 722 J7 N =36 J7 N
72 cos 30
249
9 First Case :
R =30 Cos a
13 R
R =60 - 30 Sin a
:. 60 - 30 Sin a
P1 =
=5,
=Tan 45 '= 1
R ~ :. F = 5
R
JJ.R -- 30
30 Cos a. ... (1)

Second Case:
R'= 60 (1 +Sin a)
R' =60Cosa
COS "'<
: . 60 + 60 Sin = 60 Cos a ... (2)

: . Multiply 1 x 2 & Subtract:. 60 - 120 Sin a.
Sin a.
= -1 :.
=0
: . J100 + P 2 + 2 x 10xpcos150 = 5
a.= 30 from (1)
* By squaring
2
:. 60 -3o x 1 =3ox
2
l - - - - - - -llfil. 0 =60
TJ3 :. = 3J3
- --
:.
-
- --
--1 :. (P -
: . Cos 30 = Y,
R 26, resultant of the two
forces is equal to ~ R
J3 F =25then P2 5 J3 ) =0 :. P =5 J3
2
100 + P
10
10
J3
p + 75
=0
: . Tan 8 =
Psina
_
10+Fcosa
sJ3x 1
2
IJ
J3
10-5J3 x ""
2
:. e = 60
R = JPf
+P; +2P1P2 cose
: . 26 x
= J49 + 64 + 2 x 56 x ~
:. 26 = J159 = 13 ~ :. = 2
l - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -{!!l N =75 N
The resultant of the two forces Fi,
F2 is F and is equilibrium with R
:. F Total
1
:. / 3
x 75
~If we took R' (Resultant

Reaction) instead of R, R which
26
makes angle of friction A. with R

~The body is in equilibrium under
3 forces only
-----1BY applying Lam i's Rule
~O
A ..A
' $.." .S.
=2F 12. Cos -e2 =2 P Cos
120
where
2
;n5'.~~:2:._:;n(>+(90-0))
T
SinA.
75
e =120
WSinA.
Cos(0-A.)
. T=----
Cos(0-A.)
roblems of Bod E uilibrium on an inclined rou h Plane:

._._._2_5_=_2_P_C_o_s_6_0_~_._"_P_=_25_N_ _ _ __ _ _ __ --f~l=S : The force prevents the body from
12 R = 1 Kg.wt
R
liding
The direction of the force is upwards
=Tan 30=
:. The friction is upwards al so
:. R = 25 Cos 0 = 20
~ Friction Force= R
: . P + R 25 Sin 0
=
x1 =!
kg.wt
1
3
3
3
:. p +
x 20 =25 x
2Scose
And is equilibrium with the resultant of the two forces Yi, P
: . P = llN
= 4
16
.. 3
R
1 1
2
2
1
an 30'= =
____
.,.
JJ.R
:. 3=4+P ' :. P
3
J3
J
J3
:.
J3
60 sin o.:.
J3 N
And if (F) exceeded this value the body will move in the
direction of (F) where :
R =10 Cos 30
Tan0=..1x2J3=J3, : . 0 =60
=5 J3 ,
F = R + 10 Sin 30
10 cos 30
- J3 xsJ3+1ox!=10N
3
17 R = 26Cos 0
5
13
= 26 x -
~"~
J3
60
2.J3
R'
=12
_!
, /' '
!.j3 J!+P 2
: . p = _ 1_ =
g~
=10
iJ
'
28
12
/ .---:::"'
250
:. P
= N + 26 Sin
:. 28 = x 10 + 26 x
:.
X 10
:. T = 10 gm.wtFrom (1) :. R = -
12
13
:. 4 = 10
21 First: R = w Cos 0
=5
R=
w Sin 0 by dividing
.!.!fil The forces acting on the body in the direction of the line
:. =Tan 0 , :. Tan a =Tan
with greatest slope are (1) the component of the weight
0 is a
=0
Second:
5
= 25N (2) the given force P = R + w Sin 0
whose value is W Sin 0 = 65 x
13
R = w Cos 0 xTan 0 + w Sin 0

Sin 0
=wCos 0 x - - +wSin 0
Cos 0
of value 9N and (3) friction force of value (F)

:. W Sin 0 > F
:. F acting upward where 9+
p =25
R
:. F = 16N vertically upward .
: R = 65 Cos 0
:. R = 65 x
,~
= 2 w Sin 0
12
13 = 60N
:. =Tan 60=
:. Final Friction Force= R
J3
-+ When the value of the
0 :. Ft= 25 - 20 =SN
makes the body about to slide

again is when thefriction force
is limiting again acting
downwards
Where -+ R = 18 Cos 30 = 9
1!fil The force acting along the greatest slop are the
component of the weight= w Sin 30
=75 N,
112
~-'~
The force of 112N and

the Friction Force (F)
: 112 > 75, :.
Direction of F is
downwards, where
112 =P + 75 :. P =37 N,
: R = w Cos 30 = 150 x
The value of F =
J3
J3
= 75
J3
:. F is not limiting and the body will not move.

:. to move-+ F = R + w Sin 30
\'O 'i
is
J3
-+ P + -
as the
J3
x5
= 10 x - 2
= 45 + 75 = 120N
~---------------~ ... p = ~ r;;3

aru_ =Tan angle of inclination
"'.>
3
= -1 [as the body about to move]
Second: R = 10 Cos 60= 5
4
:. P"= 10 Sin 60+ R
:. R =
SF ... (1)
3
P= 38
5
R+ P x -
:. P'= 10 x
.r
J3
2
J3
x 5 = 20
3
5
13
R = 65 x - = 25
P + R 65 Sin 0
38
J3
24 First: When moving downwards :
Tcos e
12
13
:. P = 18 kg.wt
=Tan 30 = -
18 cos30
.UR
=18 Sin 30 + P
3
body is about to move
First: R =10 Cos 60= 5
r;;
18
:. J3 x 9J3 = p + 18 x !
23
J3
1
:. T Cos 0 = - N
4
4
1
:. T x - = - N
5
4
16
w ( 05 8
.~
J3
R
wcos30
- x 75v3 = 45
5
: The body is on a rough

horizontal plane.
.;~
angle is 30, the value of the

'""
= _! x 60 = 20N :. F = R : . Friction force is not limiting and friction force decreases to the
3
value F where F = 18 Sin 30= 9 kg.wt
the body is not about to move. But it must be F + R = W Sin And the least force (P) which
___ .
-:i~~
22 : The angle of inclination of the plane= 60 when the

body is about to slide
6Scos e
=150 x
= 32 gm.wt
2
x 25 = SON
5
:. P = 65x - - -
Second: When moving upwards:
kg.wt
18 cos30
251
.
R = 65 x -
:. 12512 - 150 Cos a - 150 Sin a
=25
13
12
2
+13
5
:. P' = 65 x -
a =
:. Sin
R+ T
=500 Sin
:. 3
{;;
(29i As in problem 27, 28
:. T'= 600 :. w
=600, wei
30) R = w Cos 45
x 300 + 500 x
= 8 ~ :. 8 = x 5
:. 150 12 + w Cos 45
S4
: . 300 + w - w
Ji
:. 5 Ji= 3
J3
:. T + R =10 Sin 30 ,
J3
x 5
J3
= 2Kg.wt
ineach case
First : R + 5 Sin a = 3
:. 5 Cos
+ 5 Sin
Second: R + 2 = 5 Sin
a - 5 Sin a
By Subtracting: :. 10 Sin
J3
= 5J3 = 15
128) First:
R = 150 Cos a. ,
T= 25 12 N
T + R = 150 Sin a. ,
: . 25 12 + 150 Cos
a - 150 Sin a = 0 ~ .. (1)

Second: R = 150 Cos a.,
= 125
Ji N
r = R + 150 Sin a.
=100 ~ = =4
:, ~,r-c'- ,:x.
5 COS C>(
.-<::::..~-----
= 5, :. Sin
Ji
= 3 ... (1)
= - 2... (2)
~2 = 3
A.I.A '
, 100
= J3
3
Second: The wire makesangle

60 with thehorizontal (angle
30 with the plane)
:. T .f3
:. a = 30, from (1) :. 5

1
:. w =100 .. . (2)
J3
T Co s 30 = R + 8
.lW N = 5 Cos a
Then 5 Cos
wcos45
If
{31) First : =Tan 30
5 COS D<
=0 ... (1)
R' = w, R. = 100
:. 400
:. =5
:. T = 5 -
-rlt;\f'~
From (1) 300 + 100- w = 0,

w =400 N
+ 10 Sin 30
"-
,,...
= w Sin45'
ht= 600-25= 575N
Ji
15012 + R = w Sin 45'
{lfil The figure as in ex. 25 where N = 10 Cos 30 = 5
:.
=0
' 2
R=S
2
.. -- 3
=2, = 3 .
:. R = 300, T =
150 =- 150
:. so -
Assume that the largest weighti s

with the pulley and the body is
about to slide upwards
:. 25 ""- + 150 x 12 - 150 12
=500 x
:. x 300 + 200
l2 ~ :. a. = 45
From (1)
=300
a =O
:. 150 12 - 300 Sin
25= 70gm.wt
.11.fil T = 175 + 25 = 200

:. R =500 x -
=0 .. (2)
By Adding:
.f3
3
Sin 30
R + S../3 x!
2
10cos30
(x
~)
J3
:. 3 T - 2R =24 ..... (1)

(In the perpendicular direction)
R + T Sin 30 = 8
:. R +
z
1
T=
J3
24
Cos 30
(x 2), :. 2R + T = 24 .. (2)
Adding (1), (2)

:. 4T = 48, T =12kg.wt
From (2) R = 6, R =
= 2 J3
{ill As in problem 31 But N upwards
U11 In the perpendicu lar direction on the pla ne

4
Ji
Sin 30+ R = 10 Cos 30
:. R = 10
Ji
2
4
J3
4J3 x
!2 = 3 J3 '
Cos 30= R + 10 Sin 30
SU CO'i30
252
J3
:. 4
x ~ = x3
2
J3
+ 20 x ~
37 By taking the Resultant

Reaction (R') instead of R,
J3 = ~ = _1_ = J3
:. 3
,___
R then the body is in
1
___________________
__, quilibriurn under the
3J3
9
0 -
34 P Cos
R - 190 Sin
a =o
action of three forces

~By Applying Larni's Rule:
P x 12 _ !R-19ox~= o
13
2
13
:. 24 P-13R-1900
=0 ... (1)
a =0
R - 190 Cos 0 - P Sin
:. R - 190 x
12
13 - P x 13 =0
=0 ... (2)
=0
:. 13 R - 5 P - 2280
Sin(180-0+a)
Sin(90-a)
Sin(0-a)
Cosa
:.P=wSin(0-a)Sec
By Adding :. 19P - 4180
1---_P_=_2_2_0_g_m_._w_t_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _-;;3~8"-' By Taking R' instead of R,
.J3
=Tan 30= -
35
R, the bodywill be in equilibrium
nder three forces~ By applying Lam i's Rule:
=-
R = 3 Cos 60= 3 x -
R =3 Sin 60
:. P +
J3 - .J3 x ~ = .J3
:. P =
kg.wt
If Pis in the Horizontal direction then ~ P Cos 60+
R' =3
Sin 60
J3 R'= 3J3
-
1
2
:. -
P+ -
.J3 R'= 9 J3 ..... (1)

R' = 3 Cos 60"+ p Sin 60"= ~ + J3
:. T = Sin(0+a) w
:. 3P + 2
w
Sin(90-y+a)
.
T
_
w
Sin(0+a) - Cos(y-a)'
Kg.wt
T
Sin(180-0-a)
Cos(y-a)
p
Substitute in (l)
hen (T) will be minimum when Cos (y-a) = 1
=0
:. y - a
:. y =a
.J3 (_3 + J33 P) = gJ3

2
hen T = 1000 Sin 35 = 574 kg.wt

3
39 :The body is about to move when the angle of inclination of
2 2
r;;
r;;
he plane = inclination angle of friction and the body will move when
1--:_._6P_=_6_...;_.>3_~_:_.P_=_v_.>3_k_g._w_t_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _-,.-lit exceeds this limit, then we must put the body with the lower
36 R = 8 Cos 45+ 4 Sin 45
'riction coefficient below the other as if the opposite happened, the
1
1
higher body will reach plane inclination angle with respect to friction
=8X
+4 X
ngle before the other then it will slide and collide with the lower
2
body,
:.
P+
-Ji.- =
-/2-
4.J2.+2J2=6.J2
~4 Cos45+ R = 8 Sin 45
:. 4
+ x6
J2
:. = J, and by assuming that the largest force is (P) where

the body is about to slide upwards
~
R' acts downwards
:. R' = 8 Cos 45+ P Sin 45 ... (1)

P Cos 45 =
'
:. R =
J23
J1
R' + 8 Sin 45
P-
24
J2
... (2)
From (1) & (2) :. 2 P = 32 P = 16 kg.wt.
R =3 Cos
:. 3 Sin
1
0 , 3 Sin 0 =T + J
J1
0 - T-
R'= 4 Cos
x 3 Cos 0 = 0 ... (1)
0 , 4 Sin 0
:.4Sin0 +T- -
+T =
21 R'
x4xCos0 =0 ... (2)
y Adding (1), (2) :. 7 Sin 0
- 3 Cos 0
= 0 :. Tan 0 =
73
253
r12\- 1S=31J c0?8 ..cne =--f .. B 1u;

V:.:J~-+
. .A
""
..a Xb =(3ox1s.s;..120) c =noff c
~rz E=(11.2x1:s.;...9) ~
..
s:-e= ~---8=q5
UJ = 11.2 cn45 s. 6112

(iiJ :11.2x1sc'45 = 84.fi
@a. ~ir.i_e =6'3 . . . aJ, fa. s.:..e = S""t . <zJ

'1)41.Jf~ CZJ-7: OJ ->U..B :. ~ :. e =36,,
;r,J.... A':!J. J'flt1/ = b c ~ 8 ='/ x.!j. ~ -J 13
@l>c=4eco1(t =2fl '-,

:DB = .Its;..JO.:: :z. c:....
~
_....~~~
<iJ ... ne 11.DC..ABX1X=D

ciiJ=<t'jxz.x1Ys.,;Jt .::tl~ ,..
(iiiJ= l-12JCl V'ix't S;..3')'92>c.:..:::::.-.......,.!-r=ir:-r.
'2.
=Jo
254
__. _.. . . .
RB:B-11 =<-S 3J ,AC=t:.-11 =
:.l18xRc..
=(25+6 )k = I<
...-1
__...._
..._.,,
.....
_..
_..
(-2, -5)
3/
.:2AflBC=3Je.wi"I.. .-. 5.11.(AABC.J=f e.m"L

......,&.
@3+'=' ""1:::tf3,.: ab.s.i..S=6

.-. '11+3 f3+i ,s.;,..f) = 6 .-:. 2fix2.s.&...e =ii
. Si..t!J = if3 ..:. '9 = 6t:/ olt 120 _..
2f .,,,, = a}Vee.lira C/1)11/>- =ti Q,) r: x
= C3z-!fH>(flz l)x<fl, I) ;'2.V'3013, I)
i:-
( 3+0
3 ..... "3-"
_..........
AD=:D-A = (-f,z.J
_..
............
A8=8-A
__. .......... =<'z-4),AC =C-11 -:(3,-6) 1
--a..
__..
.....
..l/8XllC: (-36+12)1< =-2.t,k .. /l(Af/8C):/2 .. U)

........
___.
_...
1 1/C XAD :(6-~.l/)K =-lftl< ..A(A.clfJ)):2J, lZJ
Fh,,., (JJ +<ZJ.-.A{rb k/~).:: 36 c.,.,-z..
~
J-i
=a-' +-;:-J
If m:_(f: Vttld.i -/'- = C3J3J :(-t'f, I)x<-Vf t)
=-tl'3
(-~>I) = .1. f _ v.i)
'-I
2.
2.
@L.H.S. =(11 itJx<4,-3)=<-3-1,)'it =-19K1
.R. 11.s. (I, 1t J x (3,-0-( / z-2.) x (I 7 Lt J
......
_.
......
=(-1-12)1< -
('t+2)k =-1'1 k
..... ....
...... _..
ci'J b ec =.......3.f-2.3 ='51 .....O..G>C = 1-8
=-1
.... .....
11.s.=:1::.x5ax-<-1Jh =-6(a.xlo)
5 .....
1 .......
=-6 (-1-IZ.)k .= 181< :I<. fl.S.
..
.... .... ....... =-7o;"'" =-13-t-J),

( ""' +
_.
_..
c11)('a@c)xh
..,..
-tr..
.....
('ifxt:J)G)C =<-J-12)#<QC =-13XO=O(f<J.C)
.-.c..ct.rJ-eJx h' -:p (itx'tJet

L-"'
@ ur
-"
C :(C,,t:.2
:. sc, +fc, = 31
.. -'1_ +1t.1
=13
_..
:.(5':t+f'j)l<:31 k
. (IJ>C3c.,-~Jl(
....
=13k
(ZJ.-3l.z+fC1 :::3f ..(.31

F~ (I) -(3) Cz. =-/ J F-t-(2} 3t:,;: 12
.. c, ="
c =t, "t -1
@L. H.S.: (8 JCS' c;,efl+\.8XSS.:..tl)'?.

:::: J'IJ() Ct'l'J24J
/61JD $:l.."l.(; :::l61Jo(C/JIJ"l.ll+SJ.,. 8)
:::./6(J(>X1 =1600 =~-1./-S.
255
~
.....
...ll.
' ~: F, !Iii .. ff Xii =O fb-2.4.=o:.a.=\bo

'.. F., e""f.% = 8 2.3 :. :-J'~+2
b = 23' :. !So+
be 11
""'
3
3
~-.e 20..+3b=J3 :!!f+3b=l3 4~4, fj2=13
... _..
b =_...3' FA-. (I J a. ::::- 2 . ~A~. c,,,..p.
=~
~.;...
i/J.t+f =~
._ff3
Ji
3
3v13
3
3L+3m=-'I
i.~. L+,,,=-3 . .. (I),
(2,3)X{L 1 3)+(/1 -3)x(3,m)
({,-JL)k +(?n+9)k :i
3L-m :IS ... .. Cz.J,
:.
:'t ,:e..
IS-3L+-m:o ~:~.
r_,,,., {1)+(2) :.4L:J2
..L=3
F.11_..(IJ:.m:-6
256
'I
11
11
3X3
+ tX3+'JX3
- s x3
= ' l<j ..,/: ' - '

1111= 2x6+sx' +zfi JC:H'i
.: 5-4 t<j.wf. e+of
@Bo= 6'&0..8::6xf;
=~
" 5
..(1 :::: 3~6+4X8:
50,
19
'i:...
t1a = -sxf-+1tx8+ &x6. #,

l'fc-= ,_ xf + t.x 6 = 5 2 ,
1i-
2.
8 ----c....~;:::;,.___,., c
111>:. S x
+2XS + 3X6::: 58,
f1N =2 X't+ 3X3 +i(X .I(+ 6X 3: 51 l<j . ..f. e-
3>
Ac~ ~.r+ 144 ~,,._ fk ~.

131>:12~19
:=12x?f
lfA
@~
=f:
12 ,._
= 5X5" =25", f11=l3X-n ='O ,J1:::.3X/2.=-36

'r.J.swci
<!.!))
~
s,
0:~'1 ie 1fic"'u
,,
t.o"""
11A =-IDXIO -1Mlto
, "-
'O.
+sx11.u, =-"HO N.e-,

H afl!.""/2X60 -?XS0+5XBO =-'Biol(... , .. t_,J&.
257
i t tA = 1X8.ri.. '': =1.8f3 ,
tt11 =-3 X8..S..:.'o =-12 t'i,
lfc =.+ x JI ~,,
fi '
: : ,,
'i> =4x.+ .s;.'"- 3 xlt466..
= ,fl
_,rf
=213t"'J.4"
@:~=12
.. FX8 +4X6 = 12
.: f: 6/I , 8 E:3 1!';;...f!i:

BG=
':;;..DI.: !/ ,
tl9 =0
-4'5xBli +s xB<J. - 1<xt+
~'
F x8 r:::o .. -4t'5x;:f +sx;"

- 6 >< + 6
o .. K =a 11
xa =
@,?G ..L ""414..u.

w1~
H Z>:: .l o'3w.. .
"
=as;_,;= u3-,
: l'?.l>
-~
11
K
A_..,.....
__
,
.. ~X.lfl'3+tX4 fl - IX .l(l'j'
: (5'+ 6+F'- 13)X2/'J' ..F=l2.N \.,,.
Rau/IW "( J.k
/tn<:.14 M~Ja.fA: ~'\
X = -t<n6o+t+Fcn~l _
=- 3+1. + t
f*
=1 '
'1 : - 6.sk.,0- /Z.S.....li =- 1ri

:. If : '/B1+a1x3 =YB/Xlt -=18~ ,
:. c<
=Go" ft 11.clJ J"'!J
/ID
~
i
f1..td. : 1(1=6
'f
- 'frl
'/) ~------, (
258
:.321t=fi-1Z -Fa=3'16N.,"tzxlS.J,:316 x
:.;ic.:2.a e.w.. :. AB= 1s. if -'l'8 IZ.6 '-
z
8
1$'()
:. 3.X
=300 +1.x
h.
..Jf+F,F, =
"l.80
~ 5Fz
'- F, ::S6K
=~Fi
=ZID
F, =4 ~'56
3<>D '-
.X :
i""'
"'
'19
... I
If X~=Jixl'
20 =Ii
.-.. fi=21' .-.
ril) Ji,/? 4U.of/'~fe.: cu.e.. ..tk-fcjwu i..NP i)

... Fi,"fi Ill\.\. ot~OJaili.' li>rf :. 7: Ti-" :. Fa= 111'...t.,
'
Fj=3X'21:J/,.....111f.
llB: 135 +/81) = 315" c-.
=//;c. .-. ;,c.l(fc.. ..11B=l35-lf'l='i1'e.,.,

Ii
=22"11
... /)=3F,. ... 3fz-~=~4'
4Xl3S"
... -4'i +Fa= 210
If- F,. = 5" ' Fj )(
@(iJ "11/f .t, ~A~ o/V,.c{n,: (U...../k.fj . .._11!9)

: lf'>"t .. F., 1=-i. NL'-.JJ.,..4,_,_ JM.t,{;,,.
:. T= 4+1\. F1. =3 ~.w>., -'Ix 135' 3.% .x= 131><-
c
Ill
Aft>
20
._.lf<l2B
... F,' Fz au of'l'..:./i.
~
'ti
t
121
"= 32
ci) If Ji.<128: .-.32=12tl-F.;

:. fi='l,'t"'..J., l:ZSXll ='6XBC . BC.=2.-.118=6
(ti)
II f, > /28: .-. 32 = Ji-128
.ck=31.
.-. /i =16tJ 1"'1. 1 128X18= 16 o BC

!:-""---~o-..........
Be =I.ft.it
cr - - - - i r -B- .. //.8: 18-14. 4 :3.6 -
:e
"""' 4.r.fiwru
/JI
;,,, ..ve
11 ,
~ A"<5'2.-.Fi,Fa11,..,,
II Fg <$20: 130 :,-20-F,. " Fz. 3fo N,

520)( IS() :39ox8c.-..8C:2.00 :.118 :200-ISD=StJ"-r
ciiJ.If Ji > 52.0: 130 =&_- 5'20 .-. /ii= '5oN,
(i)
5zox1so:6soxBC 8C:120 :. AB:ISD-120=30"""
(j)
li.-3' =2.f .. f"i='"f"'-'

3'.K50 6ox :. :x =3o AB= 5"1 -3o =2o c...
F,
,f: Ji-IS (IJ,

X25 =Ji X'O
,\ 2'.JfJ:ISX(,o
"F,=3'
F4""' CIJ :. N: 36-1~
=2 l'l-J.
,,
- I
.
't-;\-:l~t
8
'
_, ___.,.
8
'
..
259
~=MS
,.f'uJ_GJ,..f<I(&,
II
<l'
~=2+ t+ 4+3
Iii! (dlao J.f!JCJ 4CA I

::IS' Kj...t.
1)1.JJiL--.,.../S!.'.../!I.~-__.:~
;fi=1A8 ~3AB rb .II .M.t. f6'-et.o 4AA-a~ 4fC V., ~-~#. :
If 811 a..J acti Jc
1
.L AD: 11" :
3
.. R~11rtf o( ..e-h /iiJo c +&:
.-. 'X.ltfJ _,.4x,0+ 3Xl4o = 15XNA
8
:. 1${) :J!JH/1 N/1:54 4...
// "4J '/>l'(lf,,/ii...
F1 :'tAB ,
.wit.I RD:} lf11:
F"L = 1118 ~ '( ,,,,,03. 7118 - .lf.48 = 3198 a..J X> <ii> IF ~"e.J /111u ,.,,~
// 1J8 .. J .1../iJu.te-t,
a.I- :D .-MM.;
... 6x.1to.S.C...IJ+-'fJ</tJ~IJ +3X 110.s;,_ 9=15 XNIJ .s,;_ 8
.. NA = 52 "- JAa (Ju,,~ .s.i.. 0 .i-, ~.,,.,,q&.J)
1118 x81J =~118 xc1> k"rA. ~v:f8)
/t11eu ;
a.
cs
tz
..18D:4C'IJ :::4(cB+81J) .."3BI>:'tCB
.~ ~~~ /k"'J/, C Fi
1J
.. FX3t> - "t2Xlb+l2 XllJ=O
... F=I" Al, R =42 +/2.-I0-2.lf
= 20 /'(
io
12
.lo
1
-.1>
21f
Fj
.~-=--iI>-.,--....._--=B;:.._~---...JA
t
i 6 c 2 N It>
H 3
l.f
F;.
"I
118=12-., 38l: 12 .. BC:-'I<-, 2 cl>:/2.

J;:z>H :: 12 .. '];Jfl:::3;;::>.
.ffU.+fi"4
.. F,- ~
;r"
+ B'M
=2
. ..
..A
/\
tku. 2 II(oicu ,
fl)
.A
Rae.Ii
afN . ~ /'1N::o
i .X 15 : O
.. -6~ +12.fi = 66 .. - F, +2 F"i_ =II .. . ... <aJ

F'?- (I)+ (Z) .~ Fz. =13 N, F?,..., llJ :.F, =IS N
/0
f o-j
3
- 7- - f:..~ :':/.I.I. (f,-~)44:2
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --! . ~ XIO + 1 .XZ-F. X6 +fi.J< 11. R~/,4.f tr( ,.,,6U
..c.D=''-
~=IO<-, 2./3C:10 ..
2 :J)H =10
:t '1
1
'ta-Rt
2.
Bc:sc,..., !!=toe.-,
. ~=5 c-.
Lt./- F=Fa , ... ;ta.doa.fN-~1'1N=o

.. 6.x3+2X7+3Xl2-8X2't-FXZ1=o .. F=-4
....
"
.A)
.. F =--4' u copf'n4L ro u . .z,,, au c-.L;
_.
....
.A
f?:6AA-2U-31J.-+JU-ifl.( : 5tA .. /?=5 /II
1:
__,_
.....
I\
/\
. K:::.(6o+5o+30-8o-4o)l.( :2.o.(.( ..R=2ot1,
.5. - 60 Xll+I" X8 -SOXZ.+3o.X4

.. R f'"'"'-<1 cM<!!UJJ 'I>
tf])
=o
26J
AciJ -M: ~1 =o
V
3o
~o
zo
:;o
..wp3o =tSPx4o h1
" 0
wi
:. ~:::,()Ot""' ...Kt =660 +4SO:lo5o ,.,.,,.<41f. 1
cii)Wt: ~1=-0
.. lfz.= 1ao+ .1t.so =63o
@<iJ R+ T ::: BDO <f)Ji

11c::O ..TX f()O
1~
-4,...1>,--l+---6-D-~a
+,'""2,..,..0........
:. ~=/ 8tJ
.-. WiXS'D :::4SoX20
1"""''
~I "/..a,_ .ru11llu.. Wa..J ac~ af
@41-JiL
~CE =x. ... E'J): ao-x
- 91Jox.lfo :::o .'. /=32(), W

IOo
(iJ 12: ~.n.A.adii.rn af J)=o; 12X35 = W:x (I)
F/lf.11'111 ll J 1l = 8oo - 3:Zo = 48D tr""''ciiJ20; 7h- n.e.ac.'k 11.f C =o , zox.35 =W(8d-:Z) CV
(ii Jb/"4. 4),,U,411404okJ,
ZtHtl ='6oox'fo.JIJ=l6i 2J~ .. ~ ...2:._ .. 5.x =:Z.4-o-3.X ..x=3bc'
{,(;\
r=o ..
r,
~ciJ1/+7i=2o+5o+ao
4
:. 1/+ 7i IS() .... .(I),
:1.5
1l
c
"'
8 8 -:X
..!1=3o+35:6Sc-,F-?vm(J) :.W =141<j.wf.
'J)
:z.5 B @l.ef Mk nD(/ Ju. 1/8, E 41; --.i'd. pf. C1 ]) ML

50 BO
../itliuoM/'f07~)EC=:X:..'.eJ):ta-:x
-86 X1 5 =o :. 7i.. =96/11. ,F.12fhl'f W -~ T,= 6c II.
.../JC:::&o-z, BI> =:::r:.
(iiJ J.~t..tiA ~-,,,..;,,..,A.. ?C..tW ~J ~ T a...Ja.tf;, ciJ 16tJ/'"7Pm/J: !M-.n.t.adm a.t :iJ = o :. /{6(6~x)::w:r: .(JJ
J e .utllllL llE :::.X """" I T:: r,+1i. =IS() , ~ .... 0 ciiJ l.f!DP1111rt8: Tk..Jl.tJ:UJi,.,, JC:::o :. (lfQ;x =W(61J-;x)- {2)
:. fx:X. =2.oX25 +56X'SO +t/OX7S=11140 :.x:::fooo::61J ~~;u_ :. 64-:X = ~
:. ({t>-:x./: 4;x."Z1so
"IX
od-.X
. ~ 60 -x = zx .. .x::zo,f?ehrl W .-. w = 32..a 't"' ..,f.
(i) J..t Lb. ~f,,f ' (
T
.,,,_
.i "IV''--"
fE
- 7$ -x E lef .tJ.t. ~t t'f .zk J2od iv "ac6 a/ A'
~ .rao"
~ 4
C
B 35 A
:. ir xx =T( 1S-:Jt) :.x:Z5i.,...
~ NC::;;t . ND= 25-:x.
11,=o ..1i.XJ()0 - 2DXZS-56x5o
:.
wxzs.,,,,zon5
:. w = 2.j' 1<3.wf. ,
EA= 2.5 + 35 = {,() c......
25
zo
tT
ciiJ ~-=o
'fi:o
c 50
t'
J"
1j
Fq""'if~: -OU..~P>, al Z>=o ... Mlx=3bJ<l5'--flJ.

Pl,,.., '9 llMt/ B 4'1d%uJ. : 7J(L .)1..1..(J.d;,,, a.fC =o , l'fD = o
2Sb Jt.20-"1(25-:x) -1J6X41'=o .-.lt/(25-:x)::: lllD ( 21
'2)~~
:.
;_x=8ox
=;
/;?"""(/) . 11> w
...x
:::/0
" N/i::::ltJ+IS: z.5
IS '- W:::l.Zo
,f,
J"" w f .
tf1
t>
/O-f'X
5
5F..1t<Aif8; R, =o .. '11(36-~) :::5(16+iJ . . . tzJ
'J)~ ... _.c,_

3o-.X
= 310+.:x.
<1to -xJ ,i.e ::Jt.4- 11ox+ l8tJo=o
:.(:X-2.0)(.X-'/6)::0 :.,)C.=ZO
:.EC:Ul &w, ... E/J:/O'-
z. o W =15 XZ.O
:.W =IS
,J
"4r.:x= 91'JU~
F -Z- (/}
lcJ wf.
262
@ch tr.=o
.. w.x
12. 00
JI A
- Jtl)( :X. Ctn!}+ f2)(/4()(11J~ :=()

. . (/}
<iiJ ~=o
:. WX(l2o-::x)4:/Jd.
:.
-8'fXl21JCrn =C>
.. W(120--:x) =84.XIZO -l2J
J)~
2 - - ..
126-X - ':/
1.X = (()()-5.)(.
. ;x.:::5() w.,
@ciJ l'/JJ
F/Jt1111C1J :. 5oW =1ZtJo

.. W=14.lf/{
=o
:. ''IJX4-W(4-:x.)
=o
@'1i'+1i.: 14'1+Wz. + /6
t,, 7; all&. .... 4Z?'.
:. r; =72 = /{, :. / +16 = 0+%,+ 16:.w,+~d6-{I
.1 :
~=o :. l6x20-16x5o +t6x'10-Wzx120 =O
m.. ~ =81<3... f.
L4f JI' ac/4 o..f a.pm:.,,f E 1n4.A<rl ~
/IE =:x.c-., W:/{:.l<'J.Wf., lfA=O
... l6x20-t6x5o-16" +t6x90 =o :.;x.=60ewi
lz
7j:::l8
M~u~,,//j,..ffl,_______.,_ _ _E,__.____ _ __...8
:. Wi. =BKJ-wf. , F.11"""
'..;:::)
6(W,W=ZW
a,,} aclt, o.f E
fl!/
30
30
t.ti.w..
JO'[)
f2
50
r-+
Ji.-10 -12.
7,"+ f2 =
tf,..=o :. 12x2s+1tJx3o-lzx:x. =o
:::o
2Z
llJ,
:.lz_'X=(dt> .... (2)

r~ 1i 15 ~ x = 4 () c- '
llE=60 em ..CE =304- 1 EJ):IOC....
..t1alatoot :r. k ~
7z:xJo =7ix10,T,..i4?11<Vf- ..7;=18 .-.t;_=6N

18+6 =Z4 :.w= /2N
72.id
:. 2W=
-r.::z. ,;.,.,..,a-y.
-cf ~<IS .M.t,,. :x >40
"'14"t"lat!J
4tJe-,60e- ~
:15 ~ :x ,i,,,~. ="10'-,
~.
7;.=IO
-'4..x ii, ,.,.,411-.,i.e. 6tJ ~,;... .rk,CAM.-. /() < 7;_ <IS J F-'1-. (});
~ Tz =IS .24... T,= 1, 111k.Tz.=104 7/=

.~ t<T, < 12
(l)/1H :0
:. -3ooX30
-W:x.+46oX15"=o
:. wx:: S'tJoo . ll> w_
diJl1;, :::o
- 300 X l./o-W(.K.fllJ/ ,.,__.......,,__....._
_,_...,.....,.-
20
-A
+'llD X2.5=o
, . _ W(.:X.+lfl) :::/tJtJIMU BBO
1J.iuz(:k :. ..c_
::: .L2.
Xf-10
=~<J.+ic
=4oc-.
.. w =soo 'Jn'~
.El/ :EC+Cl1
F-?t.mt flJ :.wx10::::5"000
':X - /0 c,,..
/2.
263
nswers of E uilibrium Problems Not lncludin
riction
1 The Algebric sum
of moments about A
I"'
: 0
:. T x BD - 12 x 70 + 3
,_._~---~A
x 40 = 0
:. 48T = 960
:. T = 20 kg.wt
x = 0 :. Ni - TCos 0 = 0
:.X=0=20x
so
100
(1)
=0
:. T1 Sin 60 + T2 Sin 30-100 = 0

: . ./3T1 +T2=200 ... (2)
ubstitute in 1
:. 4T2 = 200, :. T2 = 50kg.wt
:. T1 =50 J3 N
:. The Algebric sum of moment about A= 0
' 3'
:. 60X + 40 x 4 - T2 Sin 30 x 8 = 0
.2
:. 60 X+ 160 - 200 = 0
40 2
:. X =
=- metre
60 3
=16kg.wt
1----- - - - - - -- - - - - - - - -115 : x =0
6x8
2 Am=--= 4.8m
10
The Algebric sum of
moments about A= 0
:. T x Am - 33 x 4 - 20 x
3=0
:. 4.8T = 192, T = 40
2 Cos
.. {l)
y =0
,33
2Q
~-------------0
8
10
=32
:. T1 = 450 ./3 gm.wt
: LMA =0
:. 600X + 300 x 80 -T2 Sin 30 x 160 = 0
:. 600X = 180 x 80 :. X = 20 cm
+ R2 - 53 = 0, :. R2 = 29
:.y=R= J(32) 2 +(29) 2 =J1865 kg.wt
6 The Alge bric sum of moments about c= 0
f11The algebric sum of moments about A= 0

:. T Sin 0 x 60
3 x 60 + 5 x 45
:. T = 45
: X =0
w.,
=w
R, ~
R,
x~= 9N
5
:Y
=0
:. R2 + T Sin = 3 + 5
:. R2
=
~3
= ~ N, :. R = J~R-~-+-R-~
Fl=~ J1321
4
:.X 0
:. Ti Cos 60 =
T2 Cos 30
:.T1=.f3T2
T,
T,
0.6
0.9
1.5
P=75
ex
1.2
1
i6
",
:. Ri = T Cos 0 =
45
:. T1 Sin 60+
2 Sin 30 =
600 + 300
: . ./3 T1 + T2 = 1800 ~ Substitute in .. (l)
:. 3T2 + T2 = 1800 :. T2 = 450 gm.wt
, Y = 0 , :. T Sin 0 + R2 - 33 - 20 = 0
6
:. T x 10 + R2 - 33 - 20 0
30
.__'R......----"'--"- B ~
A
:. R1 - T Cos 0 = 0 :. R1 = 40 x
:. 40 x
T sin30
Tsin30
:.T1= ./3T2
R. < y
Ix =O
T sir160
T,sin30
:-:J
""
4
.. Tan a. = -3 ..
sin
a.= -54
4
From (2):. T1 x - = 10 :. T1 =12.5kg.wt
5
Kg.wt
T,cos30 B
16 x 0.9 - T2 x 2.4 = 0 :. T2 = 6N
-+ X= 0 :. T1 Cos a. - 7 .5 = 0
:. T1 Cos a. = 7.5 .. (1)
~ Y = 0, :. Ti Sin a + T2 - 16 = 0
:. T1 Sina = 10 .. (2) Divide (2) by (1)
I
-'<)
! IT
LL
,
1----;;----- A
t-0
co~O
7 The Algebraic sum of moments about C = 0

:. - 3 x 20 Cos 30 +Rx 60 Sin 30
:. R =
J3
Kg.wt
=0,:. R-TSin0=0
:. T Sin 0 = J3
... {1)
..
265
40
=Rl x 4 J3 - w x 2 .J3 - Ri x 4 =0
:. Rix 2 J3 - w x J3 - 2R 2 =0 ... (2)
I M,
14 Tan a = - = PC 4
160
:. AC=
cm
Mu lti ply (1) by (2) and subtract
: X = 0
: .R2=
=0
: . R2 -T
:. Ri
=T ... (1)
Y= O
:. IMa =o
:. Rt x 240Sin e - 80 x 150Sine - T x
x 240 x ~ - 80 x 150 x ~
5
~
2
= =-402 =25
kg.wt.
: X =0
A --~ R ,
Y= O
: . TCos a = Ri
:. 54 T =R2 (2)
=20 + "53 T ... (3)
40
~ K,
= J1s 2 + 202 =25 kg.wt
ilfil We assu me
Substitute from (2), (3 ) in (1)

5
l
Y.
And its direction is determined from

20
Tan e =
= ~ with horizontal
15 3
R1 =20 + T Sin o.
150
: . X2 - X1 = 0
:. The value of the

R. reaction
at A =Reaction at B
:. 3R 1 -4R2 =30 ... (1)
4x
" ~ ----
:. X1 =X2, :IMA = 0
:. X1 x 200 - 40 x 75 = 0
: . X1 = l SN =X2
:. Ri x3 -20 x ~ - Ri x 4 =0
~ T) -
!.!fil_ :The weight of the door is distributed

equally on th e two joints
= 160
T
3
I M ,=0
: . 3 (20 +
=!w fi
:. Y1 Y2
:. CD = 2.4cm
~
5
Rcowo
that the length

of th e Rod is 2L
The algebric sum
of moments
about
T =30
kg.wt
From (2)
230
Ri= 7
=81 kg.wt
=5CD
{!fil :. 3 x 4
: .T =
~w
ilZl As in problem (16) find ~
: . T = 54 x
:. R1
Substit ute in (1), : . R1 =
isT = 3w J3 x 2J21
9x4
4~
=0
:. 80
X = 0 : . R2 = T Cos o.
: . R1 = 80 .. . (2)
160
3
~x w J3
A=O
' From (1)
: . R Cos 6ox
R = 120 kg.wt
2LCos 30+ R Sin60x 2LSin30 - 20 x 2LCos 30
r - -1-- - -- - - : : - - - - - - - - - - - 1 : . R = 1 0 kg.wt
{16) BE =2 Cos30 = J3
: X O : . T - R Sin 60= O
FE= 2 Sin30 = 1
A
R
J3
In triangle FEC
: . T =10 x
= 5 J3 N, T =0
1
Ta n ex.= 1r,;- , : . Tan o. =
3v 3
! J3
I M1 =Ri x
.. (1)
:. RCos60 + R'= 20
t~n\
i1Qi.
: Y= 0
:. Ri = 2w
J3
+wx
J3 - Ri x 3
=o Sin30+ w Sin
3
30=
2w
: . R'= 15 kg.wt
' - ~
~~~---..-----.-;;._vA
\
\c
\
\ ,,,..... ~"'"
.,. ..
)w
=o
266
:Y = 0
:. R1 = 3w Cos 30,:. Ri = 2w
TJ3
-+By taking moments about A before resolution

: 2w x (X) + wL - R2 x CB = 0
:.2wx+wL-
: Y = o , :. Y1 + w Sin 2 e
:. Y1 + 2w Sin e Cos e = w
1
2
:. Y1 + 2w x
x
=w
.J5 .J5
w
5
.. Y1= -
wl=O
:. 2X = ! L :. X = ! L= !
=W,
the length of Rod
2
2
2
(21){HL) = (150) + (300) = 112500
:. HL= 150.J5
. a.
150
:.Sin 2= 150.J5
*Cos
H~,-.-------.N
ill Assume the length

of the rod is 2 L
X=O
:. Rl R2 ... (1)
5!:.=~
2
1so.J5
COS<x
:Y = 0
:. R1 30N ... (2)
:. IMs = 0 , :. 30 x (
1
2
4
=2x-x-=.J5 JX 5
The total algebraic sum of moment
about L= 0
:. 5 x 1so Sin a. - T2 x 150 = 0
cos 30 - N2 x 2LSin30 = 0
:. 5 x
54
R.
:. Sin a. = 2Sin ~ Cos ~
150
olutions of E uilibrium includin Friction:
= T2 x 150 = 0, :. T2=2 kg.wt
J3 1
T=2" R2
:. R2 = 15 J3 -+ substitute in (1) from (2)
:. 15 x
:. X 30 : 15
J3 / :. :
ill Assume the weight

of the Rod= w
:.X =0
X = 0 :. F =T2 Cos a. = 2 x ! =l.2kg.wt
:. R2 = Ri (1)
1----~~-~-~-5_ _ _ _ _ _ ___.Y=O
(22) The end of the cable C and the joint A are in :. R1 =w ... (2)
the same
D
IMs=O
y,
Horizontal plane
:. R2 x 3Cos45 + w x 2 Sin 45 = 0
-+Assume that
:. R2 = ~, substitute in (1) from (2)
the angle of
inclination of the
2
2
..-w=w
3
..=3
Rod on horizontal
The Value of Total Reaction=
is e, by taking
B
w
moments about A
wcos2G
2
:. wxAD-wx
AE=O
R
ill Assume that the
A
:.AD= AE
2
length of the Rod =2L
.
Sine
1
:. 2L sine =LCos e , :. Cose =
w +(~wr
Y=O
:. R1 = 20 ... (1)
:X =0
:.Tane=!
2
X=0
:. X1 =w Cos 2 e
:. X1 =w (2 Cos e - 1) =w (2 x
2
=iwm
~ - 1)
5
:. P - Ri + R2 =0
:. 5 - 20 + R2 = 0 ... (2)
267
{fil Assume weight of the Rod= w
IM a= 0, :. 20LCos45- N2 x 2Sin45=0
:. R2 = 10N, substitute in (2)
:. 5 - 20 + 10 = O
: The rod is about to slide : . Friction Force at a is

limiting ( Ri)
R
15 3
: x =0
=
20 = 4
R
R
(1)
1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - : . 2 = 1 .
MJ. : X =0
A ~-R.
:Y =0 :. R1 =w ... (2),
:.
:. R2 = R1 ... (1)
IMA= 0
:. w x 2 Cose - R2 x 4 Sine = o
Y= O
:. R1 = 6 ... (2)
IMa=O
: . 6 x 10 Cos 60 - R2 x 200
Sin 60 = 0
:.
MR.
:. .J3 =
6, :. =
J3
-+
54 - N2 x 4 x 53 = 0
=0
: Y =0
:. R~
=R~
:. R1 -
W-
:. R1 = 5 w
:IMA= O
: X
R,
A
Second: R1 = 6... (1)
From (1), (2)

.
.
2
10
:. R 2 = R1 = - x 5 w = - w
3
3
: . R2=J3N,R1+R2=P
1{.;'
txi
x 6 + J3 = 2 J3 kg.wt
....
:. P =
1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _ _ . S u b s t i t u t e in (3)
5 y 0
10
: . Ri 30 + 60 = 90 ... (1)
R.
:. 2w + 4w x - 4 x 3 w
=
=
=
A ..--...
(2)
..
Assume the length of

the ladder = 4L,
IM 8 = 0
:. 2 L Cos 45 x 30 + 60 x
3LCos 45
-R 2 x 4LSin45 = O
=0
:. w x 2Cos45+ 4w x Cos 45 x (X)

- R~ x 4 Sin 45 = 0 .. (3)
I Ma = 0
l :. R2 x 200 Sin 60 +
6 x 100 Cos 60 = 0
: X =0
:. R2 R1
... (2)
4w
=0
4 X = 40 - 2 = 34
3
3
:. x =
1: = 2% cm
R (7)First:
When the man is at B

6Q.
"
A - - R,
B IMa = 0
:.
80x 4 Cos 45
4
4
:. R2 = 60 ... (3) Substitute in (1) & (2)

2
: . 60 x 90
.
..
3
- Rix 8 Sin 45 = 0
:. R2 = 40 kg.wt
X 0 , : . R2 - P 0
When the man reaches the top of ladder then R2 Ri + p = 3. x 90 + p

3
:. P = R2 - 60 (4), IM 6 = 0
:. 30 x 2LCos 45+ 60 x 4L Cos 45
- R2 x 4LSin45= 0
Then R2 = 75 ... From (4)
Second : When the man is at A

By assuming that the smallest weight is w at B,
then friction is maximum a
R,
pressure force acts on the
Rod at B which is (R)
I 4
@
R,
:X = 0
I
:. P = 75 - 60 = 15 Kg.wt
: . R~ - R - R~ = O ... (1)
=-
:. P= N2 = 40 kg.wt
Y=O
3~
= 32 w ... (3) from (1), (2)
2
=3
Assume that maximum distance that the man
ascends= x
From (1) Friction Force=
R1 = R2 = J3
From {1) & (2)
xwx
:. R2
.J3 kg.wt ... (3)
:. R2 =
MA .
I
' I
~'!!J
___
(iiO)
- 80
: R~
160
=240N
Ms = 0 :. 80 x 4 Cos
45+ 160 x 8 Cos 45

: R2. =200
Substitute
:. R =200
80 =
1
2
1
2
240
w . w=
45
269
:;: 22500 - 14400 = 8100
:.AC= 90cm
LMA= O
!2 R1 x 90
:. Rix 120 +
--> p ut w = 15 -1
- 95 x90 -50x60 =0
:. Ri = ?ON
Y=O
:. z1 Ri
x =0
91
+ Rz - 95 = 0,
in (1) , (2)
31 = 2.5 kg.wt
:. R2 = 5 x 2
31
>,m
:. 35 + Rz - 95 = 0
: . Ri =60, R = 50 + R
= -31
'"'
0'
''""
112R
50
:. Ri = -30 x -31 = 1Skg.wt

2
31
ri1"'115~)1\X~=~0---------------1
: . Rz Cos 60 - N 1 = O ... (1)
=50 + 60 : . = -3
Y=O
li(-.,13;;);- :A; -:s~su~m=-e~th-:-:e-;-le_n_g-:-:th-o--:f:---,.-,R-------1 :. Ri :. 70
the Rod is 2 { and weight (w)

w hoseangle of inclination is
(0)
X=O
:. Ri
=!
j
~--
Ri
2
: . R1 = 2R2 .. (1 )
I~
i--
l.R
~
A
.v
Y=O
Rl +
4 Ri = w
5 + Rz Sin 60 = 0 ... (2)

125 = AC Sin 30 :. AC = 250cm
LMA =25R2 + 5 x 150 Cos 30 = o
3fj
: . R2= -2-N
:.
From (2), :. R1 = 5 _
JJ3 1 11
-2- x 2 = 4
A.A R A
.5
.
- 3J3
. . -11
--> Sub in ... {1)
l!.fil : Si n a
.
1
9
. . 2R2 + 4 Ri = w :. w = 4 R2 .. . (2)
2.:MA = o, :. R2 x 2LSin
1
90
=~
150 5
Cos a. I
!5
R
MA= o
:. Rx 150 - 50 x 120 Cos
- 4 Rz x 2LCos
9 + wLCos e = O
1
:. - 2 R2 Sin 0 - 2 RzCos 0 + ~ R2 Cos 0 =O
a= O
150 R = 50 x 120 x
4/ 5R=32N
e=o
Y = 0 :. R Cos a + R' - 50
=O
:. 8Sin 0 =?Cos 0 :. Tan 0 = !_
4
lt:;~:;--~------.:_8_ _ _ _ _ _ __1 : . 32 x S + R' - 50 = O
(14} X = 0
,,;R
B
R
:. R' = 122 : X = 0
1 R
:. R2 = 6 1
5
:. - 8 Sin 0 - 2 Cos 0 + 9 Cos
:. R' - R sin a.= 0
:. R1 = 6R 2
: y ::: 0
:. Ri + - R2 = w
5
1
:. 6R 2 + - R2 = w
5
:. 30R2 + Rz
:. R1 =
c
w
=5w :. R2 = ~
31 w ... (1)
30
J1 w ... (2) : LMA = 0
w LCos 0 - R2 x 2LSi n 0
S1 R
x 2LCos 0 = O
Substi tu te R2 an d divide by (wL)
(17)LMA=O
:. w x 30 - R2 x 80 = 0
ll
3
:. Ri = - w
8
Y=O
: . R1 + Rz Cos 60= w
3
:.R1 + - w =w
16
13
:. R1 = 16 w
X=0
:. R2 Sin 60 = R1
270
:. S3 w x
J3
- - =
x 13 w
4
:. J R1 +40 = 0, :. R1 = 30 kg.wt
16
3J3
:. =
Substitute in (4)
13
1-------'------------------1 :. 3 x 30 + R = 15
2
(18} Sin a=
Cos a =
Notice that.the reaction of circular surface .Lon the

Rod then its line of action passes by the center of the
circle.
Assume the weight of the Rod::: w
LMA = 0, :. w x 50
Cos a - R2 x 80 = O
50 4
1
x -w = 80 5
2
:. Ri = -
:. - x -
w = R1,
3
1o
w ... (2)
15
R2 Cos=
uR
R.
_! R1
3
R2 ... (2)
R
:. x 10 w :::
5 w'
:. =
R = 15 ... (2)
Divide by wL, :. - Cos a -
~ Cos
2
a =0
a= 1 :. a= 45
= R1
R2 =w
2
:. Ri + R1 = w
:LMs= 0,
:. R1 x 2LCos 9
R1 x 2LSin e - wLCos e =
16 x 2R = 0
:. P::: 8N
2
1 2
. Sine 1-
.. - - = - - , :. Tan e = _:.!!:_
Second: When Friction Force is Maximum at A, B
x :::0,
Cose
:.R1=20Rz ... (3)
1R,
Y=O,
1
R1 + Ri = 15 ... (4)
3
LMA=O
R1 x r + 20 x 2r = C
2
:. 2R 1Cos e - 2 R1Sin e - R1 (1 + ) Cose = 0
2
:. Cose (2-1- ) = 2 Sin 9
, :. R = 24N, From (1)
Sin a+
:. Ri (1+2) = w
:. - Rx MA (r) - JR x MB (r) +
.. 21 sin a= 21 cos a,:. Tan

Ri +
LMA=O,
:. R1 x (r) -
3w
.
3w
x 2LSin a + x 2LCos
4
4
x-
(21) R2
R
R1 x 2LSin a+ R1 x2LCos a= 0
a=O
:.X = 0
:. R = F + 16 ... (1)
R' +
-i
1
wl Cos a - -
(19) First: When the friction force is limiting at B and

not maximum at A (F)
LFv = 0, :.
7
w, from (2)
20
:. wl Cos a
.. (3)
:.
:. Ri =
_!
4
IM0=0
2 w x 5- w = 0, :. R1 = S
75 Ri = w ... (1)
3
R1 = -w
Substitute in (2)
:. 32 =
:. R1 + R2 Cos 9 + ; R2Sin 9 = w
:. R2 =
Y = 0 , :. R1 + R2 Cos a - w = 0
x =0
Substitute in ... (1)
:. R1 =
:. R1 +
y =0,
:. R2Sin -
R1 =0
angle a
:. Ri +
w ... (1)
X = 0, :. R2 Sin a -
:. = 2
:. R2 =SN, from (3), :. 30 = 20 + 5 kg.wt
(20) Assume that the Rod inclines on the horizontal by
R,
(22) Equilibrium happens at case

A but in case (B) equilibrium will
not happen as there is no another
horizontal force to be in
equilibrium with wall reaction
Assume length of the rod = 2L
: X = 0, :. R1 = 2 R2 .. (1)
271
MR
Y=O
: . m ('1) = m ('2) (1) I: m

Alternative angle
:. m 3) = m (' 2)
4) + m 2) = 90
:. R2 + 1 R1 = w (x 2)
:. 2R2 + iR1 = 2W
: r
.. .from (1)
:. Ri (1+1 2) = Ri w ... (2)
: . m (' 4) + m
A
:. OF =
Sin 0 - 2R 1Cos - 2 1R1Sin 0 = 0
22
:. Tan=
=45,
1= 2
of /JS
:. E is the midpo int of AC
= 0.41
1~-----------------~
(23) L:Mm =0
:. Tan a
: . R1 x LSin 0 1
R2LCos 0 R1LCos 0 = 0
=2Cot (90 - a+ 0 )
= 2Cot (90 - ( 0-a))
:. 2R1Sin 0 - 2R 2Cos 0 =
R1Cos0 ... (1)
=Tan ( 0- a)
L:Mc = 0,
=w
Sin0
-Cos0
R'
=w Tan 0
y = 0,
:. R1 = w + T Cos 0
: . w Sin 0 = w Cos 0 + T
2
Cos 0
Substitute R1 in (1)
Sin0
:.R 2 Sin 0 - - w =
Cos0
Sin0
2R 2Cos 0 = w --Cos0
Cos0
2
E '-----'::+-----
-3
: . w (2Sin 0 - Sin 0 Cos 0) = 2R 2Cos 0

: . We get R2
(24) The rod is in equilibrium under the action of three
forces which are ~ (1) Weights (2) Reaction of ground
(3) Reaction if wall they must vanish at
1 point (as D)
: Angle of friction w ith ground = Angle of friction with
wall
IC, = _E_D_
2/JE
=-8-C
= 2Cot (EAD)
: . R1 x 2LSin 0 - wLSin 0 - R2
x2LCos0 = 0
: . 2R 1Sin 0 - 2R 2 Cos 0 = w Sin 0 .. (2)
From (1), (2)
:. R1Cos0 = w Sin 0
R.L
Line R'
AB = AF :. m (' 3) = m (' 5)
: ME II BC , M is midpoint
2
:. 1 =- - :. + 2 - 1 =0
1-2
:. R1
= 90 : Line
and the Resultant Reaction of the incl ined plane

then they must vanish at 1 point As (D)
By assuming that m ( L ABC)
R
=a
when 0
1-1 2
3)
(25) The Rod is in equilibrium under the action of three

forces which are ~The weight (w), Reaction of wall R2
Divide by (R 1Cos) and multiply ( 2 )

: .(l+ 1 2Tan) - 2 2 -2 1 2Tan=O
:. (1 - i 2)Tan = 2
And if m (' 1) = 301 them m (' 3) = m (' 5) = 30 : . m

(AFC)= m (' 3) + m (' 5) = 60
And divide by L
R1 (1+ 1 2)
: !!.. ADB right angled at D, F is mid of AB
IMA= 0, :. wLSin - R1 x
2LCos 0
+ 1R1 x 2LSin = 0 ~Sub (W) from (2)
:.
r 1) = m (' 3)
xl
ff1=-48
tLC(ll4.f''l,_
6
2.16
B:D
~
10 ~
=- '35X8' =-28D
+280'
F XIO
2.80
(i).f, =-~
(3,a.J =(-b,i,)
\:::.)
.....
.....
= .1.t , /1 =:z>c x F,
:. II H II =1 , L :::: 31_ =
~
3=-h:.b
.A
=(-1, I) x <3, 4) :::: -11<
= /.it
Yf+lt.
@ 11
16"3 ;cLY
1/1:
.x llC
M=
itlL .. f1,:=-'18L'
2
J,JI
:. M =-8.1..t
-'llN 11
=S-t
M~.
(!JC
IJC
IZO =FXIS
(fJ8)'t::: (8)?.+
lfJO
118 :/()
.4: 8X6=
/(j
:.H"All :l/-15)(1.hJI :::.ISXf.6

:::: liflt
01\M1ll
x
nxz.o ,
cF
UMs.11
. 2.0p1/3 = 2X/2.X'l.o
F -- ~
113
'"""'l~ll.C,.
.,, {)
"'(j
ef;/;
- ..
-o
?rll';'M&HI
-30 X? =-2/IJ
nu~/4~
ttnt/IL :4i. a.4 ~IUU&

+uo ,-.,..;. '-
F
B
x. co
1SO
= zso N
C. J)
O-::::
18 r:-> a..';
:ca= c:D~
'lo ../S::::c:vxt
Ci,,.,
~t*f..lh
/6u2. a.f II /tlkH
~Jrh
c/hl.pL ff,
~ f1 1 c
Bit x AD.s;;.. 3o"

= S'1X6oxi ""'2S20 ,_ /.CM.
tiko
.-. F , F {~ a r,,.p.f& 11'1. ~

= _:z,-2 o -: lfa. =-F 'X BC
:::: FXfO F= 2.8
1'
273
@ .:r,1,c. .nqJ i4
;,,., JlFa.
.. w~rt"f..#.L .,,uJ
a...J .4t.. A.tacfUt>, o-i
tk ,1,,#r?1~ a..
C#V.f'!!.-~ e~
wid .a.c. ~ Glu~ r11=8'4M'3 .. K~ w
-~~4 """/'~
11,_ =-Sltoff , .; l'1z.=- W
..
X NC i .-t.. - 1110 13 =-WX 3 5 .s..;,..6,o'

'Bltt> f3 :::: WX35x{,j " W=48 '-lf=48~""f.
B
274
! .
(11) llN=be011 =S._.
.. _ ti A
:JJ,,,,.p .C E N J_ YB a...A...L l>X
=1s-S =10 c-. ,. : r/u.. U.:..,
II"-----'- B
.id .i.. Cfu;IJ. : JI; ~/,f "-4}

ZiA.. A.Ucknr 'f-4- p.i... /"'- a.
t'(M;-A ,.d/J.,,,,.,. =-f() x 1111
=-fl Xlt>
(
=-foo .. /12.
'
" 1111 =.1'.

AD=
f '""
H
3
.
~= 1t> 3... ,.,f. ~~cJ4 ""/'..wfPlt'!A
([)sD=ltiwJO:SY3 ~])
. SN :1(1"3 c-
70
= -1o x NH
ifN ..L 1k ~
:: -10 x8S6-3o =-2 !~ ~ c:-10X8 =-'J''IJ
. . M3 =-M.i, =-z10 ,_..r.<... ... Ifs=-~ =5'fJt-"'' """
- - - - - - - - - - ' - - - - - - - ---!
~~I G.uo CtrU.p/to:
F
'12
Brr-...;,.:;,..;r:-r-,.,_-.=..:..:..;.:.;_-.t---...JA
ISw.
;11,:11.,_
.. J./ZX50 =FJ<DH ,._.1>H=20Z-I..

= F J</IJ lf3 .-. F 10fi ,,., . ..,t.
<Bl>l= UJ J -+ osi'= a.
1 f .. 81> = 11 c-.
: 111 =11z "- 6&Xl5"=/:Xl1 . F='IJ N
~ n-r/M4, "'f..-UL .liod/01a;, 411L ~~N, ldN
.:
ft, .... 111.
= # xfl: =3 f l
(!) 7b -o /mcu
a t:ox.~A_ ,..,C/J
C1 ::: 6 () ,X2 o
U1Jo, 100)
60,
K1. wf.
,0, , . , .
-mtl'M,
c."--_-f;;:~~
= /200 ,,..wl.r.-, l "-4. CJnAf.I....

~
60 "
ld'llwJ
~ .,,,,,,,. C2::::- looX2o=-iooo.'i\

/tn.n
(5off,5orc)
A t:IM.;'..
"""" ,,,""'. c 3 :;onxzoFi.
=2/JOO
@
"-
'-
s"--~--->h
~41. ~
"f""""' "/~ /zuJfi,.,1 4/K~
= c,+C2 + c3 =1200 - U>oo +Uoo
.. -5Yl"xlt~ -F XDH
,o
=F YAffiX!/.
FX2.oq
,., .
.t.
(j)rto,91J)/,,,_ a
c~
c--~---
.ill ,.,,.. C1='10 Jl.8=7lo,
( 70J1DJ;'tn-
a.ON;&- ""'"
~ . Ca. : -1t>X6=-l/ZIJ '
.... l"ttnrt. """"" Al4MI:
~#'1(;4
4 zo ::3oo ,.. .,,/. ew. ,

(81))'"::(.SJ"+Ui'"=llJO . 8:1J=IDe.... ?..U. _...,
""t B 7 ZJ /~ ~ -JllL ...,., ..;. 81J ,
.i.h ~. = 3 00 ,. . .,,.f. t>wt :. 300 =FXIO :.F=3ot-.J.
~ '1Zo -
l<Ra.o
ooff=F x 8:D s.o..
:. F = 10
"II
=/ZdO ,.. .,/. C-
"
Ii. :/
:ldr"j .-. '4'l.X 5o
.: 2
z.
..(Al() :{i) -:+(Jtt'j)

c w:;;.----~
=112 .-.. Atl=JtffeEs
. . AC -= 8 V'f c.- , . . Ci -= c..,_F .. F xS fl= 11! x S Y3
Mi,
42.
'L
"2.
CI)
13
A........,,,.....__ _...,.
1)
..EN= 'f ( c.w5._S:-1S)

::r 'iX f5,'1tJ1 =y\.
: C1.. = C1 : . -Fi EN =-=!X'I
A
Fx = 1 x 9 _,._ F -="1ri.. ti
='lt>o~. .,,t. "-
@<IJ IJJ): -J AC= It e...
C E =-ct ~IS , C N='f CD'PIS
0 .$. """ ~
-f-tJW. "4 ~"Hfl.J' c_,,J..
+
+ i,n
= t--' "-
=-3X5'
'TJ<.S
6a
X5''i.
... 11.c..f"'"* 6'.,.,-. rt -4.LJU.f-Uinul~=-"-'
-~ - ,o =-Fx5fl F=6fi-j;,
@1tc=5oc:..,Sh.1=.J
:. HN =to&k.8 124"
"""-;di ~~ '( 3 c,.;&.
<~,,oJ ~
cvi....
Aii ,
-,......,,......;,..+:;;,P..,..
275
( ~() >4o)
.-a
411....
Be , (5'0 1S1J) ~ ~ HN
.. 7.L- ~ ._.,~ tr(?rthd"f'-Fk~a...lclW~
= C1+C2.+ C3:::: 6oX3<> +4o x4 o - 5tJXIZ.= 2'fltJO
.. C= C1+Cz +C3
=4ox83 +5ox8'3- 6oxSV3
N. c... M. ..h cku.eh;,,,,, ABC

=-21/ofi C ,: 4. . .i- cBrJ .. . ~ck-) ~
= ::J.40 VJ
.. c
~M.~c
(iV
v,----~,,__--~~
cdM;
&
<-f-
~/i; "(/4
120 ~---- 73..,,..
fntL3q
,41../ cfM4i,q,fa er[
c~-11~----~-------B
3 L;croe
3ct!Ufk; (So,to) ~'!

~ BC, (~o,5o) ,4.1.)ttl
118 , (13t> , 13oJ -iP ~ X'l ... 7k a.

~J/4..1 c.mpJ.. = C1+C2 + c3
I 3t> X
80 X5 - 5 o ~ IZ ::- Z,IJO '?1 wf. r-.
atWt
~ ef4
15'
311 S;..B
q; -
BH =6.si..60
. = 3f.3c... 1
8 0 :::: 10.s;.. 6o.:::Sf'3 @
7/iL ,,41.f ~A
'
'-- . . _
"'(
.......
/t'J"""
/ii/o c(fJl.p.fu :
( 4o,4o)~ tV1- 80 ,(F,FJ~~Bf/
2+ ( '=
. l1+C2 =40.x st3 -Fx3f3:Scff F=5t>

F
'D
{.::;\
2
2
t
5
\..!_)(A8):(6)+(8) :::/IJO
:.IJ8 :::/O&wt=8C::::cD=.ZW ,
tfX
= ~ = ~8c-m =NY
@(/ICl= ( '/)
12) 22. S
:. AC.= IS c.,.,,.
~
ad -i.. 4
t
/flla,o
A1C-C..
.. ;x. Y = L N
f. 6 c....
. c
?;U.,,uf- ~14 ot 3((111.pA,,,.
. ~ ,,u,f ,t,, .ef. IO
a Ci?U~ ..zlt..
44
,B
?ttillU.4/W-
= - 3 x :Z4M4. ot .& ~,{

=- 3X2.X.-f XIZX 'I:::- 324 'f1"""'f. c-.
: C1
-324 =-Fx 1s. F=W=2J.6
"/'itiJ
( IS 1 I S) -e/A aim. X't ,

CS-, 5) ~ an- LN , (4 7 4)
..t.i'P an-
~ oidut.
a..."J ll
- .U.-&:: 3
'( - /2.. - IS'
"1'1fq"m .
='z ..
Ac :. C: C1+C2 +C3
@~/01.ceo 11cl ~ ~A.4-L

c:td.c VJdM a,,..,J
.. ( F, F) I""'- a. CV>tJ'& .Lb. a-4 ~ ot ~Ii
. ?nim? . =llt"'f,....J.4.. :. /44=FXl6 ..F=f,_, ...t.
= 2; = ~2. = 4
@
::: - 15 )'. ?. 6 -$ X 'f.6 + 4Xl2. =
- 1441-lf.. &m .
z:
(j)Jk,41.f c~'4
'1 ~
Clfl.(p/u; ( 13 1 11)
.. 7JUO ,.ul
l<rw.!'
~/,(
CD' ('fff, f fl") -i,U ~ 80, ('/,q),,M,!J an-fJE
an.,..
.&. ~
.4a 4!f.
,z
a.
a-1 ?H.L~
d'j -'Id nr~. = 4 X 2. il

::: ..1txzxc-[xax3 J = 'II. ,..,.,,.,,,,/. c- .
C'Z- :-C 1 .. - FX8:::-96 -- F= l 2,_. .,I.
. C::::C1+Ca+C.3
@/:'Jl~ 4
=IBX/O +'IYJXtotj -9X5

-:::: 1ao+210-4 ~= ."'fo5
CD ~ ,u.J- ,~~ 6C
N.e- .
Colt~ ; "'
3
(
4o)
~ AH,(5o,So) tiaNw> Bo>(6a,Jo)
~'"""' Ac ~ AH=BO =AC
= BY3-
('~ ~ :
(AC) =2.5'+ 64 -2XSK8<"'t;@

="f'I .-:. A c : 7e- .
~
ttc.f ,i;,. ..Ek. C
~ ~ tTZdu.
'1""'--..._.~----!.!:..!::~B
0":J 3'J - 56 - Ll'I -1
/uaU/4
T-7- 7 -
( '
... ,
~ Zl'4 ..u.-t of /t:Aeu i-o
__,.
~ +~
er 1;,
a. ~
=-1x a.a
=-1;rz.. (fx5X8 .k. to) = -140
@8H:::15-9=b'~ H/l'::.:.(7.5):_<6/
: 24>-25 ..Cl/ :4'3"' :DA=45'-
: ,,,,~ t>f 5 .____-r:---"llr--~-..J1111
Ji& CfJMJ>A.~=l,32.
:.
I( x tt:WA..
= It 32
Kx-zxf<-l+IS"J .x = 432.
:. 15'
El., :JZ
'14at
,..,.~.
f
I<
.ti..
::;; 12.
15"
f = ..!:%..
'1'5 ='"'
... F,::::: ,,-xi,,.,o
, Fi=1SX4:Jo, F,
~::J,.5X.l/ ::;/8 t-~/.
@FAfhtt Pf"-~""
/.JI = 5 """" '
Ho=ttJe-, Ao= 6r'Jtit..

~.,Z~/aCll4.A.tM
"{EM..
/Ai.thl3!.U L 11fl,
HCO, o:DA
= .f (3Xl.f +6X8
+12.k,)= , ,
. A.tU4"( A LH o
;::; A11ta. o( ~
A Q:.Uall<t.
: H "i tr( ~ ... .,....,..._

!f1/6 = I< x 2, }(
El
'
if
277
3
@ S =l"- ~ :(f-3 'r +3t+4)cA -.!ti: =<t-lf-+3-)c
JI>
(i2\ _.
~
_..
3 3"
I
\:!_) ,/(f)=Ylf) -T'(o) :::[(.3-zt)_ 3]c,~
6 .. 3(3--z t l(-2.};;;: _,
$ ='a.
:. ( 3 - :it) = 1 .. 3-zt = 1 ..Cd. oR /-::2.

... $(1.) ::: 1-21 :. .d4n141. = 2-6 41M.i.f '
S (2 ) ::: -/- z..1-::.:-28 .-. 4t,, --41 =2.S ~f
_..
_..
_,.
'Z
-i
"
'2
.A
.....
.A
:. V=(31:--Jz/'+3)c , a (6t-12;c
.. V(oJ = 3 ,
a (tJJ =-12 .-. H~;,,
.iAru.wlaJ- '=~
V(S"} =1 8 , a.(5J =18 .. l"f~;,,,;.,, tU.ct4uG~11N:S1

a:o .wk. 6/--12=0 ... f'= 2-Mc.
.. 5 (2) =8 - 21t+6=-10, Vf2.J:l2-24+3=
-'I
V.:::o ,.,k.., t:::::6,u.c, . . ~

~
c!Uu.cU.i>, ""fliA
.,_.,AM,. St/.) =58.8X6-{i. f X36'
:Flt.+ ~t,
.. 8C::: 11'4-1711.$ =.l.t'l~li

A
..J).U.U..u. c~ afliA ':f,AU..
= t:/-6.J.t +it 9=1-g1.3~/4, ~$,MC.:
@s=t-Jt
' V
=(16.at=o.1(Ut-J4f)
r=c: .uk..
c;;
~0.7..ss+
:.t:
ciiJ
,,,,,,'4,,,.
/{,. 8 )<.!{ - 4. 'Ix ~ff=
-:! -0 ,....,At,,.,. o.1t ( Z-1{ -
/::::o
V:::: /6.g,
d:::::-f.'
(i)li=
:. t,
S,+s,_
... Ii v.. ,,,,,,_, .;;.
279
lf/O=o+ tf
'l
.. f =30,uc.., S:-:f:. .x ~X(3o) =21004"-1111t
0a = 1sx&~oo=5..,,,I"'"\22S'() =o+i.xsr.,_
t=
.: t- 2
..
30,,..u:.., V=Sx3o=IStJc./IJA.c.
{;\ U:27x... - IS".,.,;...uc.

\!!.-)
18 - T
'
/-:. fx'o
..a
V-.t,5x~:::-Z5..,.J,,u.e.,
Tl "i:"'
~ .. ZS=ff+llOll.
JU. t:liN..c},., :d,
=llJO,,..U:.. : V=.U-+4
=t>.os-1~1:.:1. =5 c-/c.
'l;...,
S= lfx 100+1 xo.o5~/1Jol =
1000 -
'!t
v ~f;!/=rzJ<fM5X 1(500 .. V=2.2.51.M'=27.SX1

81 J::,../k
0120=/o-"'+ix6x110 .. ""-=42e-/AAG.,
'l.
"l
V="f2+6XllJ :::ltJ2c../.u.L. ,.,. V=4'+'2.cz.S
. (132./-=<4 Z/+ 2 X 6 S . $::: I 305' e.,,,
"' :7..1X 1~ =o. tS-~
:: 'l'S ""11/.M.C. ,
23'(J(J:::1SX2o+i_a.x"too :. a =5"-'/A.U 2 1
V=1S+5Xzo = 175c,,,.,J,M.c..
(f) 11t =tBr+-f xitl. ,..,di/. ~

..(r+l"V<t-61
(fo)'l::
U~2.X4X1oo
... U: SIJ ';"/AAC... ,
'lo =5o+ 'tt .. t://J,A,AC

S= 5oxz.o + J<. 'I x~oo /g'(J(J
a:::13 ,xi =5-/ALC..

11
f- .. t2.+al--fl4=o
.- .ll='l+Jxt=.l/S....;..
=o .. f=if.SCc. .
=
1
":2.XIO::ZO.S.c-
""= 11,,,,
v:1Z6x.S. :35"M/AU.
(i} (35)L=(5)~zaxJoo
18
.: a= Z-wt/.A.&c-a.
'iiJ35=S+z.r . .. t.:: 1$A.t.J:..

Ciii) S (a//M 15,Mc.) :5~15+tX?.XZZS ='300'1M1
S(ojliA llJ.A.): 5Xlo+ tXU'I06 =150.,,,..~'510-IS'1>.::15o
@4 =-12""/..t.cG... ) ~:: '42o "'-t/..U.C..

(IJ V:::4ZO-IZXl5'='L.4o <-./,Aa. ,
S=4Z4 XIS-{J<,,12.X'll~=~'ISIJ c.... =49.S-._

diJ ... v=-11.+a.t .-. o=ltZo-12t
..t=3SA...,
.s'=42oX35--f.xtzx(35) 2 = 1350"-= 73.5.,,,.
281
.s, :J..x15 ("60/=Z'/IJOO ~ =270 .,.,..
<ii)
3!1/--oliN: . V=.U+a. t- . O:flJ0--1/S'fi ..lj=~.,
.S3:fo0 Azo- -J:x-4sx.1.t10='1oooe-
= 9~ ._
2f!:d.,,,11u@: Sa.= 1fao-(210+'10) = 1621),,,,

: ~ = Vxf, 1'z.o f/z :. t'a. ::: f/~ M.c .
. f"t +4 + t; ='(} +160 +20 = 2.6() A.LC..
:. 1/9;:;2.l+f.St
...
t= 10,,uc.
..44=21+ 1/.8(11>-.J.J =1~4. 1,..,,,,

(})s-3.f ="+1B<l:-t) ..
~.J "f 4'.L ~O
: v=.u+st
t--i =st... f-=6s.u.
.._ S:::t1+.Jx 'l-8x3( = l?t-4 .._
(!) v':: IJ+Z. X'/-8X4tJ =184 V:28 -mh4u:,
~IJ a..,,;J
zJ ::;U>+ ~Bit _.., t, =2-86 S..U.:.
rf7'11'(4 JIU~ dil1"'"u.S J.:w.f~ lk.L
t.-1i'J<Z.B >i+24xo.J4 .o a.=-'2.flt>on1/,,e.u,.
.f"~ ~ U.. a !'..l'lean = f ,,41..c. ~ ' ( ~
ciii) o =2. B-Z'l61Jt.,_ :. tz:o.ol .\ !;+/;. =2-Bt+o.ol=ZI?
1fl"@ =t"+ao...w:.. F'n a..1~: S=361<l.,x<t+2~)- .. (J)
CNk A/iu/
4 ..
z.
..I
z.
~Z.""': S =o + -J:nt :t' CZJ 1F"111MW1f'l:J

(f)Y= o+fIJXS=lt'l._f,,4(. ,S,= fx f.1JXZ.5:JZZ.5'2n
/IJ{/"+zo) =ti... t":..1t1f-zoo=o.-.(f-zoJ<t+loJ::o
z...,,,,,,,M, unU. : o=~'+ia . O.=-'lfl""'tu.c"1;
<>=(i/ fJ "l:...z Xf8$z .-. S a= l2.2s.,,,,
... f' = 2.0.U.C.. , " '"""' fl) ~ ='3 0 ) 440 .~
= tns + 12.2s 13.1/. 15"?11
"=
@~ ~i/tnm vd<rU.lj 1 #,t.1.~=2s.2X7

::: ':/DO ' - puc. 1
QI.Ji,,.
t .uc.
JJ ~~ II{ ..&IA. 21!.,f
=v~~ -1-41. 11J.
.. .a+t1.f =too i.e. o+zst =100 ... c:28A&c..

.. S1 =100 X*l.B=l"ooc- 1 S,,= fx:Z5Xl28i';.111oc-
@I.ct 4
s8 =3oxt =3ot lZJ :~-~=so

... zst+ t"- 3ot"::::so " f t-'=- st- S'o
m,
:::: o4:-t>..
31-~.lf" t-1/oo= o .. (t-10) (3t+zo )=o .:. t:z.o
F'1.llm
('2.J ...
@In'4i.ok. talld: "="~ 2x~3;c.o.14

.
. .u::: -f.t -:w/.Af.&C.:::: V/4C419 df ~ho~
44 dAtAchu eflAd, .
~: =~2-, "4:o .. (4ZJ~z.xf.6S:.S:o.'/
*:
I.,.,~: V 2=z.x1101'6i..5
tiuo bolfu. --ul 4fliA f."..uc .
... S11 :::: fox~ t + -fx :ft~.. ~-=z5"t+f t'"
$a= 3oxio =' oon1f--. s
@Jn= 1D(.f+to), S8 =o+i.x8t'l.=4f:z,

: ~ + ~:::: 6.1/0o . .lff"'"+ tof + "/OlJ ='l(oo
.1tt" 1+~1>t- S1 oo =o ... (t"-30)("1/-+ l'k>J =o
.. f:. 30Stc. -S8= qX91Jo e.... = 36-mf'"""' B
:. V= 35"o er... /.Au

2 8 0 "'"-IA.u.. .
.. 0:(2.Bo/"+24 JCl1S . a.=- 2. '2.'to c-/A&c. 2 ,
. . v:::..u.+o J- ..o ='2.80-22.i{o f..t-=!JJJ. ::.!-.uc
2z.+o o
.r""4i"'- ~:
M ::::
350 }(
@w v= 10-1.a xs=2.1-m.u:..
cii) V= 10-9.8Xl6 =-2.B,,,.,u. ti~ 1

3 =Joxlo - f x 'f.IJx 10 0 = 210 'Wt
(/')
=-
dNl'Wlllllil,
:o
ciiJ V=1J. 5-?.axzo =-1z.z.s..,.,fA ~,
5: 1J-S' 11.20 -f K'lB X'1oo = -4 to.,.,,
V= 13S- 'f, '6 XIS
13.5 7'1'1/,41.c.
.S:73SXIS"-f_X'l8X'l.2S
(Dci) V= o+ f IXlfJ f/l"VY'ltur..

t1i"J .S=o+f.xf.JX/~o = "''"._
cliiJ V 1 o+2x.f.gx2~0 =4foo V=1o-m/.All.t:..
""f4'J'vuiU ,
S="IOX$-.L
x '11 XZ5 :'2"l1.S-m
~
O::::AI<~
o:::: 53,g_
.
"'
a
(:t 2flt J '7'1 B>
Q),lii..CM.: V,=+.sx~ = .f-/M.c:,,..
.. H, = .,.,,, ,,,
132.3::::5/.1r-t.x'l8ta d.iur.'4
t;=
.. t1:...11.t+z1 =o
=6
OOd
X-f = 1 'SOO le'/ -rW/,Au. .
::: IS X zsoo =31Sdol<3. -m/,#AC
17~ =~Vi,
:. !tL =~ =..L
31$'00
Hi,
='
(.;\NJ o( b.JAfo p~~;J= .J'o

\:::_):. m""'
' j .S:CC.:::: aX2.o
/
'"
:/2-o,..,.
H =~
1
<iii)
=2l/. 4 -
0'7h
:.
k's. -/Au..
:o./ZJ<l5: 1-8
Mtfl#)
hJ6./,
holy: mz.= 1o t"' '~=lt32xti" =/Jo//.
:q.fl XIU ::: Blfoo ,.,... -./.Mc..'
V, =16. B -.tuc.
'18 .s ... s: J.f.,,..
= !FIJI V1
(:- :: %.IC 3 =
"m/.c..
= .lt5.,.,,.,/,-.C..
3;. 5
Ka 7f!J/,M.c..
-/ti. 'S ::: '2. I 1<3.-m/,.u.c..
i.
7.
:::o+.f.xc.o' t ... t = 'f oo

0:=/.8#J111>/,,Mc..
71'1
.foo -~ f =lo
~ 1fftU ""'zoxo.oolt
fB t
;,...(..IU,lft.U.. ;,,,,.
@)'1~
(i )0
-:m::::(J./2+
V;::: 'Jt'
:.
= 3 k3.
02.'t"'"
'
='18x20:::.116 ....,/A.CL.'- H:0,2Xlf6
i ,,.,., . -m/P.c..
'r". c-./,,u.c .
<ii) -Ii=
_..
,j (of lltlUl!J~
~I
u
'Wf/4'lJ:. A
~f
=1 It"'
_.._
=11.z
/I
i: 1 :::~X l:J =.J1

H,
="" (V,.-AV,)
:3oo(2.7.4<-{-IJS.u)]=3oo U'2.
I(
..HrH, =1/.2. Kt -1"'4
1 ~::::
=A 2. ?~ .. /\~ -
=-135'M
" I , >...,..--.....
, ,.
f(1.if.U-(-1$"""'J]
-wt(Vw.-
,.,.,. -.-. ,,.-~--
ll
o... /,u.c:
A
:if161Jo.t.t
283
@ t.1,_J,, .,. 4.t.lnJIJUA.c.ko f1"'*-J:

v =o+ '2..Xf. g x10 :. V: IJ(.,.,/..c..
@ V= .u.+3t : (18ox 1-i) - 'f.8t = 5o-<f.8t .
H =.,.,, v::: (2. !S- o. oo It )(50- '18 t>

.. "i1 =- llfdo ~
v, = 12 51J - 2.lf :J. oS t ..+ o. 00'18 f- i.
..-A,.,...4,c, b.J/JU.bfllM1"4
f'tm.<J~
... 4lf::: O-Zl/5.05"+0 . o 1'16 r, ~ /-: IS,,uc. .
. V'= "l.+ H S .. o -",,_-'l.)('f,f ,11.0.<f ... u =4.2 "'/,uc
d~._ st/!
4
....
_..
....i.
_,.
_,,
"'r = - 2 ~5 .05 +o.o /'161< IS
= 'tZo v... /,u..c.. :. v,.::: .lfio.a ..rt,.--~ = .,,.,(11t- V,)
2 ~.ft. 1st KJ. -m/~1...
....
....
/\
,/'>.
$0 ( .ltlo +lltoo.u.) =80 XIS2ou. = lit 56M.u.
H 2 - H1 = /JIS6oo 'r' "*buc.
::: l.f oo c-/""" .
...>
_...
r-
=-
@ v~ + 01 f .1,
-
...Jo.
: Hi. -H,
:. '1600 ;t
=t,. ... C.f
'...Jo.
=<1.1l..
v ....
......
~
= ,..,(V>1-V, ) , V,=-flo..u
= '"' (v: +'fiDA)
"
_.
2.
v,
. t 5J,o,t_
Yfot. .-. V'Z..:560"-'
rt4 . ki,.1. : ._. v ~
ztS' ... o =<:J66)7:.zx'fBoS
.. $:: //,() (Nlf
/.6 ..,.,,,
=Va+
@1=- -r:o :. 112.-~= o

"f//in,
""'+
:::
1
//
@~- 'I"::: o ;.
..
Y-: 112.
= /4 K; wl'.
<{oo -'f'= o .-:. Y'=
.". maM "f-IJ..
k3 . ..,; .
.Jiui+. ::::.
'loo ><3.
wt.
'/()O-=:- (Y//Qn) = 900-715
= 66 k :. '7rla4'0 o( ~1~ = 60-6 ::: 5 ~ ftrn

.. N~kA. ef..w41~ =s 4 -:- 3=1 '0 Al'ilJ<M<I
F - ws.;..36-1' = o
:. =i
~
w+ 1' =fdoo+ 6x2,... F = 3000+1so =3 150 1<9.J.
F- w,.s;,...s -~ = o
..14o-Si.5xj - Y = o
... "f'= B~ KJ.
. R
J .,
= 82...5 x f'
R-
WC(l)(J .:: 0
=.It 'IS KJ ..,/-.
285
IJ c is. a
~f ~c/;A ~
.rk clAAu~ -f
.. .a =-}x 'f,g
tc;,, .-. _ J:...,,,.,3 =mill

=- ).'f2 ..,.,/,4-u....1 :5 VI. = .c,.C.'l.~ tAS
.,.,0
. D: (S.IJ ?._
z..X J. '#Z ..J'
S.:::: 4
>n
Gro.c.t:f::O::
J,.,,.. c...;/ veclitt i.. lk~lv,,~.._IJ!Jc b.L a."""" Vu. i.-.~~&n.g-u'IM
:V=u+a.t .-. oox-J=to+t.a. ..fo=-lfo
F-'t'"=-ma. ..F-=ooox'l.8+.tt,ox2.-v
:. a.=-2.+oo ._;, .... ,-r=""" :::o.02+s1-2.Y10) .. F='f.8XrZoN ='1Z.o 1<3.wt
@l.ef
(f)i.4.t
.-. )"'::- 58 .g N ::- 516...;.. q. f
=6
l<j
wt.
@w-t tx,-.,u,.,Uf-ve</in.A..l/i,A. ~ ot,,,..a6'tm .
1.11.t c be..
"""Vu . .i,.. /J.... ~~ "'/-m,/i;,,,
11>.8 =:a.x120 :. a.=.o.of
._/,,u.c.\F-1"=,,.,a
~ t~TM,_J: . V~M~'lll!.S .: (J:(Jt>o}~?.o.4'.14} ... f=5ox'l-B+J'lloxtJ.o9 =18X&BN='a1<a. ..,t.

: . 4. ::-3fZ,-O '1"'t/A&C'.. - 'l"":::?1r4::0.032(-31ZSO)
Ju. 4 <1.m. V..4..LkctVucl'ua ot--oUinu
... 'Y= /f>OO N
-.S:uf-+l_a.ti.:.
B8Z=fax(6o)t.
1,(g. 2.!!i f""-.P!: 11! (160)1:..i.x 31-z.s,. ~.o '1=5't1s
.-. a.= o. '1'1--/,,u.c.', F-Y' =-a. .. F =1ox'l.1x1s
:. V::: rS-m/c..
+'fStUJ o,xo. 41/ .: '15 A"ff(2.+18) N
.= f~ Jf.i/f.{IZ. = S1oO ltj.uf.
@!18ttOA.a.~vu.,i,..~ ~'" of.,..f!J'J~,
f.8
r=- 6oox..J; :/So Kl'J. .::: tSo)('f.8 N,m:l1ak3.
"WIO. ... z.50 x'f8-l62s = s~a.
.:.. -IS1Jx'f.8=&ooa : . a::.'"'I.ALL,_
:. /fl.$.:: S5"4 ':. a:.
15 ..,.,,/M..c.,_
: ..U:86~X~ ~ 2.lfO ?lt/,,,U.C. , /-=:.iff>AUJ l':M+ca.f-
@4rt
<3),:--7' =
i:
:. V::: 2..1/0 -
'.j/JC Ito =11/2.
?n /ML
@I.ct~ Ju. 0. "'" ""' .,;. ..Nu. diu.ef/lbl '(--olin.
Z '6 5- 1S J!,.'f . '$: IS<Jo et. : . <1: t. 3">'1'1/Mc;1-,
V:::. o+ /. 3 x 3o
=3f ,,n/,,uc.
7/A.J~wJ/:
: -Y--7#4 -'ff:::O.Of-8 41
.-. v';(10)~2 Y.01 .,, x11.ll:1tf1t1-Ht, :5=.,t+J:a.t1..-. 7.35":::fO..XIPtJ
:. a. 1:: - 1i
o.oi. -a
7h.2'!..I wJl: -i 'Yi
o. """
:-a.028 a,. ..
t:tt=-W r, ,
V~-"'=+-.ia .s' ..o=("tft10-/1/ J- '!~"1/X4'.of
.:i/'11Jo-f{1',-:~11 .::::o .'. lf,::Afao

.. 11 ::: ~a.o II
:F:::
. -m a
.. f2.::: ~ Jit.lefl.4
= :z.go N
ttJ, F= 1nt.hAJ , ~:::"'3 ( 3<L)

:::2.mi.4 =3 -m a. o/i.ulJ.t. ~
3
'W1 1 0.
1
'Cl.
.. T ='!!:j- ='"'l ="' .~ -m,:,'WI' 71\.:;3m,

"'"3 =2. -m, F"2QmW F = 6'hla. ... <v., ~
..4::;{)./.lt1-,
p_.,-:::; ma f":::::F --ma. ::::2J,1Joxf.1J-J,<>oofJ(o.117)
=IU 4-oN .+ ? . B::: J8ao K9. wt. ' r/;f;,.. =I~= ~l<J- ,,,f.
(j)F-Y'= mA 32.$' X'lB-2S.l< 5ox?.J:::25t>o4.
..a=
-m/4u:."L, v::::o+!J.x25":::lf.6-,.,1.Af.<"'.tU4 TA4.~.io~:
~s=a-c:
-Y':::ma . -2SX5oX'l8=Z!JIJ00..
Q.4'/-m/,,11.&il..,.. v::::::a+4t..o:::l'/.'--oMf
... 0::::::.-
:J'f. 6.::. o.ifV t
... t =~
=.Yo ML .
0/1'1
.1.&f t
~ a.,. Vu. ;,,,.4A. c/.i.tu;li11>1tt(-m11&,.,

..tA.. 3 hodiu ~ a.1ti.ck; IC~:
::. F==(vrr,+-ma+ 7"13) 0. :. F=(6m+3m+'Z'WJ)i..
F-Y s:-mo. .-. 'tlJ,IJJt.f.f-tl,X/5"Xf.8=81/ooo a.
:. 4:::::o.4'Z .,._,/....uc\ V=o+O.'tZ.XS"ll=2.l -m/M..c
F = 117'11 ~ ('3), t_(l'Wf <2), <3)
ttJ~ 4
MIA.&lf'-1: , ,,
.~ 6-ma. = 11-mO. ...
-(::1'1'1/R. :.-14Xl5Af. 8 =:8;,1>000...-.A:::-O./lt~
.. v":..u"+a.a$' .. o ='21Ji.::.U1J.JJilS-.S:1Soo..,,,
~ l.Y ho4: V-:::: 2.ox~ = ~,,.bk
0-1- '\-X 8 . a.1 : ~...., /.4'U..ca.
4. 4Mf. II. M...tk.dWu.rtm 'ft?#Jin.
""4p
a:=#
@)
.-. fi/- =
([)1..J t. ""-
f:.-f:::-wra.
.. 11.="'"r?PJJl.AL-i., v=a+1tt .~
=o.o
~Ji...~ ;,, ..J'"H'I: - ,. =#IA.
""'
- 5oox lfB J< 21ts :::zJts()()o 11.
. Y'L=""'L+z4S . o= (63X.!
:.
a.,,..
@ciJF-'t":o .:F=Y=
'- F=
ciiJt:-1'=a 2
. : a.= /. ,, ?llf/,/U.C.'&
12000..
@14:tt "'8.a.,. Vu. i.tt~
ciJ 7tt.M1JMtiJA.IAfl'f:
12::::-o.q
fX04'fA3
-' O:::l,1f,/+'1Jtf0
J<O.if/f
l
F
'f
:::::
3oooN=3odot'tJ.
- t;:::: '111'14 ::: 51Joo(-t:"tf).'.'fid/lSOll-:- 9, B:2$o/(l.,..J; ~
.. r/lb = 'I.ill =s-o 1<1.1111f.

~ktt! L. a.
. ~ .Jk. t/W.c.(~crf
tl/J7M.~.., .. ~""'4.: J:-'t'z =o
m3-'T'-F=-tno.. "':.,,..
I
mJ
F
f
... F::: '15X5D = 3150 kJ.wf

Jooo)(f.fJ .l/tJOXJX'l8-l1Z.:SX98=3oco4. i\
,,,,
ciii1 TM.~~eu.t: F- t 3
~
-tztJO=31un1 o..
,
c
~
37-50 X,f.fJ- 7' XS"tJXfB 'lt11Joo 4 ..a.::eJ.'1]$~ q,3
4.:::::0.1.'tSbw- :J.f/..5w-/,uc.'
=.,,,, ,,
:::: 21(}
(ZJ
=fl/5-nt
44'ef./~. ~
t:lilu.cSr,, '!'-~
@1.a.tt. JS :i afL
.~ 4
.'. /8::::f41& flJO
=is?lfll/,u.c.,., 7""111
.. i T:f ?fl'ljf-'WUJ
.. T= aoN, If+
..I<= 5XfB-Zox !l
@wto..o.
;..
.-. F&A'...81--J
dll'UL!ILIJIJ<
-1"= ?ll'ltl.
_.,.e"
""'S
i/fKfl-11.fl.8 "
287
@AO~ 11
B 3.4U.
~'!~ ~~/Jv v~
-
a..J v~J4/io ,.-~

~~.;.,. V ~(.J
4.M.C.
0 3.AU-
H 2.iu. l>
.;,, ~IAl la, ii8 , OilJUf'JUtU-t. .1'h 2 ~

.;,..~
.-AieJ AU.
~~
~rm..~ v; 11./)-:u/~ ~ 3ef
?nl'WA
JJAr11J't
;...~ .-.1.tM.. ;;A ~"J ~ .u '"v ~i:J

.;,. !Uf.Jl..Ul,..ki
''!! HC
: 70fJ di4f.,.~ :,'41111./au. Q/IA.A.~ ~-ABC'])

:.f.,:=J.(3+('t+3+2>JxV .. V:/.,.,,,,/,u.c..
~
a.
1.
 V:.c.t+ Cl 1 ../.l.=o+ Ji0.1 .-. 41=t>.l(.,,,/,u.c.
" If, =~(,+<11) ='13.5C'f-8+0.ltJ =13..SXltJ.Z N
=t13SX/0.2)+ 'f.8 =1{.S k3 ....t.

Cii) Ni:: ?ll'ls = '13.S 1<3 UI~.
ciin ... v =-"+a.t . o = '' +24-z. .-.,=-o.s.,,,,
f5'.,,,,s.,;..e = sxf.sxJ. -= a1.2 11 .. F>""~'

\::V :. uf t lu 4 .(MJ. v2. _,,-&~"'*'4
5"f. 2. - 3f. 2 = 8 a. : a. ::: 2.. s ,.,/.4.G.1.
:. V :::r.1.t+o.f-: 2 'SX/~ :: 3'J' ..,,.,/..U.c.
"1h... F kc.....u o ~.U::::3S.,.,/"""-.4...

,,
,.
,..
t. 'l.
-'3f,a.. =B c:t :. a. ::-4'1.,.,,/.MCr:V'11+zlt.f
:. O :(35/r.-'2.l."t1 $ :. ,j :/z.-5..,,,
A
~
J.r.f c la.e. a. """" vicios.
~9
-"/J Lb. p/a..&.
.,..,~ 0
F .s:.:. 3o
:. Ft"'30--1s.a..30 =-a.
.,. cmB
.. F q. :::12.Xf.8X1: + 12. x2. 9s :::f.B(, +3JN
- - - - - - - - - - -----1 .-. Fq = 'IK3."'I: -' F=vx-J;-xff =lfllf/ 111f.,
,(> - 1='4.-6- ?Mj<fR8 :o .. Jf ='l.fA1 +tzx!j
.A' :::: 3 Vi+' VJ :::: 'I (J"t J .
!I
.. 1?:.13S('f.8-0.g):::13SX'fll
3 ::(13S X'I) + f B = 61.5 l<J ...,,.,
J'.
: =~34N, JJ1i ' . . F
(j) rc0'9: B.f)(

-.,..J,s,;.. 6:1Xf.JXf=1.l.flf'
-~ 1r1J~6 >-Fc1n1J ..N.F;,.
.~ 31 ~ ~
c.
~\
..,, aa. ant c1,,.,,, .IN.pl....

,,.\
. ""J i..tl- fctJOl!J = - .. :f.f.Y- 5.J4= 1.K<t
:. o.. = 2.5"-m/.MCt., ~=F~tl+""'3 &n 6
.
-. ,('aB.f;cf + IJC'l,3.K-j 1.lt.+ $.If::: /j N
@ ci1 :$ :4tt+fa. ti. .. 3'1..a: ft1. X/6
. a..-=.Jt.f.,,,,/..u.ci., ._. a =3...,:.,. ti

:. "1 ~ 1 :f.g.r.;..e ... &;.e:f
.-. 8=3o
290
Ul ~ Jfoush z.,,,cllnt:,d p/4 "'e.:

~ -'f'-'>ft.J:L..~ = nta.
.
Q)-o.3' )(f.8- 24xf.JX.~ =2-*a. :.t.:::-o.3f2.,,,,/,,J .
_. Y~ .u1+zaJ' .. o :(J.4'J 'i_ z.;<o..3f2.J' ... .J' =2so -m
-:D.t.ytl: ~~4 -'f =-mt :.2.t,xf.tx.J;,-4.3,X f.8
:.1.1/A :. ~ 1>.018 .,,,/,,,u. c..1. :. Y~ ZJ<IMJflr Jt:t.Stl
:.'lz.: l(f :. V: 7._/,,u.c.
f-r-_.,.,is;,.8=n11...F=.r+ .,,,/s.;..8
.~ F= 12xsJC'1.8+ n.ooox'l.Bxi;,,+IUOOA
@ ""! en +l- F ea>3o =.""'"
':. F~0>31J=_,,,,! crnltS--m4
:1a11.t1.ax!3.-12xz.lf5fi
... 4=-o.o'l.,..,,1.Acc:"", ... v=.u+ a.f
r-"~'
""
~~(
F!f :::u'i' .. F::.3iti'J<ftxcg):.-z.t7~.w~.
=trrrc,-.3,11::.3t'i',...1-.
33,,_..,,,9&,,;..~ ::60.
""'9 s..;. 8 -
.. 12., =/&"-
.-.
..
co,
21:::. '(Vl.J 12A <2J a.JI

4
0,1?ftl/AU."-, F4tn" (I)
" 33.6- 6 xo, '1=6Xf.8t..IJ .-.21..t=lxf.8.S.:..6

:. s;_ ".:.:; i ... () =3o
~_...a.
...a.
...lo
~F =F, +F,. + ~ =3..i:-J

4'1 .nMl~J F ...,le~
~
,.
J
3K9.1J.1. ,_ IXf.I J 1 a..r
,,,,.~ ,,,, J,,,, .- "'1t.
~.'-:'Ti
.~
,.) . ,.,.#
'Ii
').
CIJl.,tJ ""'""'
k-.
'!>..,...
5 4
rif'l&
"'
.a.c.. ""'A.cJI-
... .,,,,JL.i...8-31Cf,g:::: ,,,,11; " '3.2)11$-'3.X'f.I =44

..a.:(). 4f -m/,41.C.-..., ~= 1Xf',8+-Xf.8X
II
.:. /l = i +2 If
=3 .Y t-<3 w/-.
"... 135"
S=.u.t+ ia.t
=i4)(
/00
"l.
........ -" .....
'. It : /..I( 1.,.,/,u.c ,, F:: F,+~+lj

::::. (K+'BJt +<&.+I)
... <1+4<)'1., _ 6 ,('f.8;<.j. -:::-50.
.~ O: 11(.1-IMJ'/8/-
f':rl.$'4.ACC .
<!i)F+.,,,/s;...8-Y=?ll4
.-.,oxf.8+z.ooox'l8X.,Jo
aoooxo.11/1
.-. 'f '/.'1(6D+2o-3D)N " 'f"= 56f7f..,y/G.=~=Z5
-i=
-1'=
~ r=-m1SA..a .. uJ
-'1"--rwF /):::..,..,.a., Fil-,,,

... -2.""WI/~ 8 =.,,,,a. .:. a.:-23.$..1...8=-ZX'l..Bxio
z.
~p:
.-.a. =-o..1'16 ,... v".=.u.'l+z.S .. o=<l"tJ:::zro.ff'S

.'.$:57YI
"""/s.f.,.8 =.lfk1.8xj :::3.1.Xf.BN...t"'J&.:..8> 3Xf..8
.. l'f,..l(j,,., ""'"d a.cc
".:JI
.:f :f.8(,o+6fJ+Z.oo) N:: 32.olt'/wf , '

"""4 F= 0 " -IUS)(f.8-/.ld1t1rll~ko=JZ0004 .
L,f ,.,,,441 o-/4 M61M
=% ~ : F--t:..""'3s,;,..8
:_,,.,a. :. 'Oot>t>XfB-XX30X'l3-'JCXldooXf."1<-Jo
=xx1oooxo.l'lt dioiM.~ 'IB
... 1,oo,-Jx-i;c :vc .. ;c 'ooltM 'ftllU# o(
...,,,,., = 600-11'0=1tso-.N!'fiJdJ"*r::!,fas
(-j) o.,.IJJ...;,,J,,;,.,,Je!AMJL.: ""/'1..IJ-1'"= -wt,,
:. ,,fxf.lx~-i;o?6x'/..s =-1", .-.a,=o.01tf'ffll/ll

v"=ft>.ti/J 2 + z..x
x3 =o..313' ... ~'s'
""''
o.,,.dA.. A.iJ : - f'=.,,,,. 11..
.,_
.:. -i, .,,,,JC'I 8 ="""-1 . 4 \. =- O, O'lf'WI/,,AU
.: vz. ...c.l'-+2-S " o =fo.50!.2xo.o'IS
.. s =3. Z.-m
291
Applications on Newton's Law
(7) 560 =
ill 420 x 980 - T = 420 a ... (1)

T - 280 x 980 = 280 a ... (2)
By adding, :. a = 196cm/Sec2
:. 318 x 980 - T =318 x 280 ... (1)

T (35 + M) x 500 = (35 + M) x 280
By adding, : . 1260 = 9M
:. M = 140gm, from (1), T = 225 gm.wt
. T = 280 x 1176
..
980
{fil 500 x 980 - T = 500 a ... ( 1)

T-300x980=300a ... (2)
336
t
gm.w
:. v = a t = 196 x 3 = 588cm/sec
.!1125 x 103 x 980 - T = 25 x 103a ... (1)
T - 24 x 103 x 980 = 24 x 103a ... (2)
By adding, : . a = 20cm/sec 2
1-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~--i
:. t = 24 x 10 x 1000 Dyne + 10 = 240N

:. P =2T = 480N, after 1 Sec.
1
( )2
1
2
X = - a t = - x 20 x 1 =10cm
2
2
:. Vertical Distance = 2 x = 20cm
1-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~--i
ill 210 x 980 -
T = 210 a ... (1)

T -140 x 980 = 140 a ... (2)
2
By adding, :. a = 196cm/sec
From ( )
2
{fil P = 2T = 240 gm.wt, :. T = 120 gm.wt

:. 140 x 980 - 120 x 980 = 140 a
:. a= 14ocm/sec2
:. 120 x 980 - M x 980 = M x 140
:.840 =SM,:. M = 105 gm

1
at :
x 140 x 4 = 280cm
Vertical Distance= 2S = 560 cm

{fil 1260 = 2S , :. s =630 cm
:.630=iax9 .. a=140cm/sec
By adding, :. a = 28.5 cm/sec

From (2)
: T = 300 (980+245) = 375 gm.wt
980
After 2 seconds: V = 245 x 2 = 490cm/sec
S= i
x 245 x 4 =490cm
After cutting the body will move 300

With acc. = 980
2
:. V =
+ 2 a S,
2
:. O = {490) - 2 x 980 S'
Vt
i-=~~-=-~~~'--~~~~~~~~--1
a x 4, :. a = 280 cm/sec
:. S'= 12205cm, Max Height= 612.Scm

1
:. zero= 490 - 980T, :. T =
sec
. T = 140 (980 + 196) = 168 gm wt

..
980
.
Pressure on the roller= 2T = 336 gm.wt
Equation of mass 110 only is
R -110 x 980 = 110 a,:. R = 132 gm.wt
Ml As in problem (3)
5:
.!.2
.(fil 45 x 980 - T = 45 a ... (1)

T - 25 x 980=25 a .. . (2)
By adding
:. a = 280 cm/sec 2
1
After 2 sec
1
1
V = 280 x - x 280 x - = 35cm
4
2
Then the height of the body (25) is
65 - 3 5 = 30
And it's velocity:
v2 = (140)2 + 2 x 980 x 30
V2 = {140) 2 {1 + 3) I,', v = 280cm/sec
And the height of the body (45)

is 65 + 35 = 100cm and it's velocity
2
2
v =140 + 2 x 980 x 100
V2=(l 40)2+(l+10)
J11
:. M x 980 - T = M x 140 ... (1)
:. V = 140
T - 42 x 980 = 42 x 140 ... {2)

Ay adding
:. M (980 -140) = 42 (140 + 980)
(lO) a= 280 - 210 x 980 = 140 cm/sec2

280 + 210
After 3 sec: V = 140 x 3 = 420cm/sec
cm/sec
:. 6M = 8 x 42 .:. M =56 gm
After cutting, V = 140 x 3 = 420cm/sec
After cutting: 0 = (420) 2 - 2 x 9805'
:. S'= 90cm
Maximum Height= 630 + 90 = 720cm
s = .!.
x 140 x 9 = 630cm
2
After 1 sec: S1 =420x 1+
1
2
2 x 980 = 910cm
52= 420 x 1 - - x 980 x 1 = - 70cm
292
he distance between the 2 bodies is ~
x630+910-70==2100cm
11 Assume the mass of the hung body from the
:. a== 490cm/sec , sub in (2)

. T= 80
--'--9-8-0--'-- =l20gm.wt
balance is M 1
~The body will be in equilibrium at holding
wire
:. Reading= T =Mg= 200 x 980 Dyne
M 1 = 200gm, and by assuming the mass of the
fter 1 Sec, V == 490 x 1 = 490cm/sec

he
rest group are:
60 x 980 - r =6 a a' ... (3),
- 80 x 980 =80 a ... (4), by adding
2
.. a'= - 140 cm/sec , V =Vo+ at
other body= Mi
:. 300 x 980 - 200 x 980 = 200 a
2
:. a= 490cm/sec
g. Of body Mz is
M 2 x 980 - 300 x 980 = M 2 x 490
:. Zero
17
=490 -
140t , :. t
a = 450 - 250 x 980

450 + 250
=7
sec.
280 cm/sec
280
1
:. M2 = 600gm
51
x 280 x
1260cm
1--------------------1
2
210 140 980
2
-- 196cm/sec
f ter f aII ing of mass (350 ) t he acce Ierat1on
w111
12 a =- < - + } x
210 140
h
. t
'
100 - 250 980
g. of the body (210) is:
ange m o ~ a
+
x
100 250
lOx 980-T = 210 x 196
980 196
) 168 D
o
the time to return to
T 210 ( 980
yne
tarting from instant
we apply
But the reading of the balance is equal to the
1
2
=Vat+
at
ension in the wire holding the body 105 whose
2
equation
:. - 1260 840 t + ~ 420 t2
- 105 x 980 = 105 x 196
=-
:. t2 - 4 t 13 V = V0 +a T, T =
~ = 2sec
2
:.Zero= 40 +ax 2, :. a= - 20 cm/sec 2
:. M x 980 - T = M X - 20 ... (1)
- 500 x 980 = 500 x - 20 ... (2)
By adding, :. 980 M + 20 M =500 x 960
:. M = 480 gm, from (2)
. t = 500 x 960
..
510
6 =0
he other result is refused as it is (-ve)

ime
=(3 + 2) + .J1o =(5+ .J1o) Sec.
4 . SN
14 The equation of the body (70) is:

-T=70a
:. x 980 - 40 x 980 =70 a
2
:. a= 420cm/sec , the eq. of body (m) is
40 x 980 - M x 980 =M x 420
:. 280 lOM, M =28gm
the body of mass
put
we get the acceleration that
293
_ 120+M2 -M1
3a 120+M1+M2
:. Pressure on the ro ller= T J2 = 120/2 Dyne the

equation of the body on the side of the balance is:
Mg - R =ma
:. R = 50 (980 -196) = 50 x 784 dyne
= 50 x 784 + 980 = 40gm.wt
x g .. . (2)
Divide (1) by (2)

1 120+M1-M2
- =
. . 3 120 +M2-M1
: . 360 + 3M 1 - 3M 2 = 120 + M2 - M1
: . M 2 - M i= 60 .. . (3)
120 -so
x 980
(1) 84 =
F
rom
'
12o+M1 +M2
:. Mi+ M 2 =580 ... (4)
Ad d (3) + (4), :. M 2 = 320gm, :. M i= 260gm
(20) Vertical Distance = 2s = 20
:. S = 10 cm
:. 10 =
ax (1)
2
, :.
a= 20cm/sec
(23) S=
Assume both masses = Mgm
2
a t , :. 200 =
a x 4, :. T = 100
50 x 980 - T = 50 x 100
:. t = 50 x 880 + 980 = 44.9
T = Ma, :. 50 x 880 = M x 100
:. M = 440 gm
@
140 =
.!.2
a (1)
:.
a = 280 cm/sec
M 2 x 980 - T = M 2 x 280 ... (1),

T = M 1 x 280 .. . (2) Add (1) + 2)
:. 980 M i = 280 M2 + 280 M 1
:. 9 x 980 = 20, :. M = 216gm

2M + 9
:. 700M2 = 280M1, :. MM21 = _25
:. T - 216 x 980 = 216 x 20

3
: .T=216x10 Dyne ... (1)
The dista nce between the rising roller and mass a1
separating mass (g) =30 - 10 = 20cm and moves
by uniform velocity where
2
V = 2 x 20 x 10 , :. V = 20 cm/sec
1lli500 x 980- T1 = 500 a ... (1),

T1 -T 2 =300a ... (2) T2=200a ... (3)
By adding :. 500 x 980 = 1000 a
:. a = 490cm/sec 2,
:. T1 = 500 (980 - 490) + 980 = 250gm.wt
T2 = 200 x 490 + 980 = 100 gm .wt
. t = 20 = lsec.
The motion of a system of two masses, one of

them moving on a smooth horizontal pl ane, the
(26} 200 x 980- T1 = 200a ... (1),

300 x 980 + T1 - T2 = 300 a ... (2),
: . T2 = 500 a .. . (3) Add (1) + (2) + (3)
:. a = 490cm/sec 2 from (3)
:. T2 = 250 gm.wt from (1)
:. Ti= 200 x 980- 200 x 490 = lOOgm.wt
other's moving vertically.

(21) 140 x 980-T = 140 a ... (1)
T = 350 a ... (2) add (1), (2)
:. 140 x 980 = 490 a,:. a = 280 cm/ sec
(27) 350 x 980 - T1 = 350 a .. . (1)

T1 - T2 = 100 a ... (2)
T2 - 250 x 980 = 250 a .. . (3)
By adding
From (2)
:. t =350 x 280 +980 = 100 gm .wt
After 1 Sec: V = 280 x 1 =280cm/sec
After cutt ing the body {350) will move with
uniform velocity.
1
_
Aft_e_r 2 _se_c: V = 280 x 1/ 2 =140cm/sec
:. 100 x 980 = 700 a, :. a= 140 cm/sec 2

5 = ! x 14 0 x ! = 17.5cm
..
20
T' = 216 x 980 Dyne

:. t - T' = 4320 Dyne
But the body (140) move by acceleration (g) .

S =280
x .!. x 980 ( .!. )2 =262 .5cm
Vertical Distance 2s = 35cm

From (1) T1 =350 (980 - 140)
:. T1 350 x 840 + 980 300gm.wt
From ( ) , :. r =
(
+ 0)
3
2 250 980 14
T _ 1120 x 250 _
~
t
2
980
- 285 7 gm.w
x 980 - T =48a ... (1)

T =344a, by adding, :. a = 120cm/sec 2
To find time to reach ground
1
1
:. S
a t2, :. 60 = - x 120 x T2
2 _ _-:---:--- - - - - - - i (28) 48
1_ _ __ 2 _ _ _
(22) 150 x 980 - T = 150 a .. . (1)

T = 600 a ... (2) add (1) + (2)
2
:. 150 x 980 = 750 a, :. a = 196cm/sec
From (2), :. T =600 x196 + 980 =120 d yne
=-2
294
:. T = 1 sec, Velocity of System
V = 120 x 1=120cm/sec
~Then the body will move the remaining
distance= 180- 60 = 120
With uniform velocity
S
V
120
120
T= - = - = lsec.
:. T2 = 1300 x 49 = 65 gm.wt
A.fter 2 Sec
2
:. V = 49 x 2 = 98 cm/sec
After cutting wire the mass 1300 will move with
uniform velocity after another 1Sec, :. S1= 98 xl=
98 cm then T2 = 0 add (1) + (2)
:. 100 x 980 = 70 a
1------=--------,,-------t
3
3
(29) 50 x 10 x 980- T = 50 x l0 a (1)
IT - ..!. x 90 x 103 x 980 = 90 x 10 3a ... (2)

5
3
3
By adding: :. 32 x 10 x 980 = 140 x 10 a
:. a = 224cm/sec2, at cutting
1
IV= 224 x - = 112 cm/sec
2
1
S = - x 224 x - = 28cm
2
4
!The equation after cutting the wire is
- ..!. x 90 x 103 x 980 = 90 x 103 a'
:. a'= 140cm/sec2,
:.
S2 =VT+
aT 2
1
2
:. S2 = 98 x 1 + - x 140 x 1 =168cm
2
lthe distance between the two bodies
= 168 + 50 - 98 = 120cm
@11 a=
90 x 980
= 90 cm/sec
90 + 890
After 2 Sec: V = 90 x 2 = 180 cm/sec
1
2
S = - x 90 x 2 = 180cm
2
After cutting the body 890 moves with uniform
rvelocity in the remaining distance which is 270 180 = 90
5
+ 2as
:. a, = _ 196cm/sec2 , v2 =
2
:. zero= (112) - 2 x 196s' , :. S' = 32cm
. .
90
1s
1-if_,o_ta_l_d_ist_a_n_ce_=_2_8_+_3_2_=_6_0_c_m_ _ _ _ _ _-11n time= 180 = 2 ec
~ M x 980 - T1 = Ma (1)
rrhe other body will move the remaining distance
M x 980-Ti =Ma .. (2)
Mthich is 292.5 - 180 = 212.5 with gravitational
~ T1-T2=175 a .. (2)
acceleration
~ T2 =125a .. (3) , T2 = 50 gm.wt
:. 212.5 = 180T + 490T 2
2
:. 50 x 980 = 125a :. a= 392 cm/sec
:. (2T - 1) (98T + 85) = o
From (2) T1 = 50 x 980 + 175 x 392
1
. T = (14+10)196 x2 =
t
:. T = 2 Sec
120gm.w
.. i
980
{141250 x 980-T 1 = 250 a ... (1)
From (1) I:. M x 980-120 x 980 = 392M
rrl -T2 = 300 a ... (2)
vJ
:. SM - 600 = 2M
rr 2 - 150 x 980 = 150 a ... (3), by adding
1-:_.M_=_2_00__._gm
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _---t:. a = 140 cm/sec 2 , after 3 sec
[lll 300 J2 =Tl J2 , :. Tl= 300 gm.wt

Tl= 700 a , :. 300 x 980 =700 a
2
:. a = 420cm/sec
Tl= 700 a ... (1),
280 x 980 + T2 - T1 =280 a ... (2),
M=980-T2=Ma ... (3)
By adding (1) + (2) + (3) and substitute (a)
:. 280x 980+ M x 980 = (700 + 280 +M) x 42
:. M 245gm, substitute in (3)
V = 140 x 3 = 420 cm/sec, after cut the wire T1 = 0,

add (2) + (3)
:. - 150 x 980 = 450 a', :. a'=
v2= vJ + 2 a s
2
:. Zero= 420 - 2 x
980
cm/sec
980
S, :. S = 270 cm
@fil 400 x 980-Ti = 400 a ... (1)

111-T2= 800 a ... (2)
t-r
1-:_.T_2_=_2_4_5_(9_8_0_-_4_2_0_)_+_9_8_0_=_1_4_0_g_m_.w_t_ ___,tr 2 - 200 x 980 = 200 a ... (3) by adding
{gllOO x 980 =100 a ... (1)

!f1 - T2 600 a ... (2)
if2 = 1300 a, by adding
2
:. a= 49 cm/sec , From (1)
:. T1 =94 x 980 =95 gm.wt, From (3)
:. a = 140cm/sec2 , after lSec

1
:. V = O + 140 x 1 = 140 cm/sec, S = - a T

2
295
: . S = i x 140 x 1 = 70cm, after cutting the wire T1 R = 2T Cos (
=Zero, add (2) + (3)
:. - 200 x 980 = 1000 a',
2
:. a' = - 196 cm/sec
Where the body 800 is at a distance
80 + 70 =lSOcm from the roller
1
2
: S = VO T + "2 aT
:.- lSO
=140T - i
x 196 T
lei.:>
) = 3.42 J3 N
6
3
1
2
= - x 80 x 2 =160 cm
2
Vertical Distance= 160 (1 + .! } = 240cm

2
1
2
T - 70 x 980 = 70 a ... (2), by adding
2
:. a = 280 cm/sec From 2
~420
x 980 x - -T = 420 a ... (1)
. T = 70(980+280) =90 gm .wt

..
980
15
:.(7T-1S)(7T+S)=O,:. T= 7
J3
r;:
:. Pressure on the roller= 2 x 90 x T = 90v3
15
1
Total Time= - + 1=3 - Sec
~-_ _ _ _ _
7_ _ _ _7_ _ _ _ _ _ _--16im.wt
{1fil Mix 980 - 270 x 890 =Mia ... (1)
:. Equation ~ R =
270 x 980 - 220 x 980 = SOO a ... (2)
50(980+280) 450
M (9 +a)=
gm.wt
:. 220 x 980 - M 2 x 980 = M 2a ... (3)
980
7
2
From (2) :. a= 98cm/sec , sub in (1)
~210 x 980 -T = 210 a ... (1)
~:_.M~i_=~3_0_0.:::g_m~,_
su_b_i_n_.:_(3-..:)~,_:._M
--=-2_=_2_00---'g=-m-----1n- _ SO x
x
980
3
flll 120 x 980 -T1 = 120 a ... (1)
.! = 3s0 a ... (2)
T2 - SO x 980 = 210 a ... (3), by adding

280
2
:. a=
cm/sec , sub in (1)
3
:. T1 = 19 x S600 dyne, after 3 sec
280
V = O + 3 x3=280 cm/sec
5
By adding :. a = 24S cm/sec 2
IV= 24S x 6 = 1470 cm/sec, after cutting
a'= - gSine = -980 x .! = -196cm/sec 2
5
V = V0 + aT, :. Zero= 1470 -196T
30
.. T = 4 = 7 !2 Sec
After cutting the wire:
{!!l 3SO x 980 - T =3SO a .. (1)
Ti= zero from (3)
T - 630 x 980 x
IT1 - 30 x 980 - T2 = 90 a ... (2)
-700
:. - SO x 980 210 a,:. a1 = - 3=the acceleration of the body (210)
2
700
S,
:. Zero = (280) - 2 x 3
:. S = 168cm by adding (1) + (2),

AndT 2 =0
:. 90 x 980 =210 a2
:. a2 =420 cm/sec2, sub in (1)
:. T~ = 120x S60dyne
R1
T1 J2
.!
= 630 a .. (2)
2
:. a= 3S cm/sec 2, V 2 x 3S cm/sec
tr= 630 ( 490+35) = 337 .! gm.wt.

980
2
After Cutting:
= - 490cm/sec 2
2
After another lSec
IV' = 70 - 490 = - 420cm/sec
2
2
IV =
+ 2 a S, :. Zero= (70) - 2 x 490s
a' = - 980 x
vg
:. S = Scm
Ml}Sine = 140 =~'equations of motion

'--- - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - 1
210
3
~ 380 x 980 - T =380 a ... (1)
x 10 3 x 980 x 2/3 = 3 x 103 a .. (1)
:. R 2 =
r~ J2
19x5600 19
= 120x560 12
= 600 a ... (2)

2
By adding, : . a= 80cm/sec from (2)
600 49 8
( 5o+ 0) = 3.42 N
... T =
T - 600 x 980 x
I- 3 x 103 x 980 x
are~ 4
= 3 x 103a .. (2)
:. a= 280cm/sec 2, and the velocity after moving a

distance 140cm is
1V 2 =2 x 280 x 140
:.V =
with acceleration
V2 = v02 + 2as,
:. Zero=
:.S =
280x280x3
2x1960
0
. 2
30
:.
e =60
: The measure of angle 90 - 60= 30

of body (1M) is
1
M x 980 x 2 - 150 x 980 =M x 70
1960
3
=GOcm
:. 6M
=2100
:. M
=350 gm
3sec
560
3
x 3 = 560cm/sec
remove the body 330, the equation of

motion is 110 x 980
110 a .. (3)
400 x 930 x
fter
sec, V:::: 168
140 x
And the other 2 bodies will move with

+ (2)
55 x 980
az:::: -1-75- =
. v : : 168 + 21
x 308
..
(44) S = ~ a T
2
:.
140 = ~ ax (2)
47 Equations
Motion are
160 x 980-T 1 160 a ... (1)
980
+ 240 x
240 a ... (2)
3
=160 x 980 = 160 a ... (3)
2
By adding :. a =140 cm/s
fter 2 sec
1
x 140 x = 280 cm
=322
:. a= 70
2-::::
400 r .. (4}
10
14 x
:.Sine
10
V =a T =140 x 2 =240cm/s
fter
the lower wire
1 =zero, adding (2), (3)
x 980 =400 a
2
280 + 200= 480 cm
297
:. R = 150 N
P Cos 30- R
= mx a
:. 3 1 = 1470
J3 - -J3
..
:. 1960 - 2 1 = 490 + 1
:. 1 = 490gm
420 x 980 x -
V =at : . V= 3920
"a
'
= 3920
126x5=630 cm/sec (the velocity at cutting the

string)
After cutting the string, the mass (140) continues
to ascend until it comes to rest with acceleration
2
a =-60x980/140=-420 cm/sec in time (t) : .
Zero=630-420t :. t =l.Ssec
While the mass 210 continues to descend w ith
2
acceleration a' ' =105x980/210=490cm/sec
he Velocity after l .Ssec,
V=630+490xl.5=630+ 735=1365cm/sec
1 V=V 0 +at
:. O = 560 + a x 2
J3 -
980
3
v3 cm s
J3
: . t = 12sec.s
: . SIn
= -1.2
2
: . Cos 0 =
3
5
= -
1.2
5
:. R = mg Cos 0
:. R = 5 x 10 3 x 980 x
1
:. S
= 2 a (1~ )
g Sin
lane
r.:;
980
:. a = - 3
'--.....:'<>:!'I()
__JL:::...
e-
:.
~ = 4 x 103 x 980
5
a = 196
R= m
a :: R = 5 x 103 (980 x ~ -
196)= 10 x 10 x 196= 2N
.
N 10x10 3 x196 1
.. = N = 4x103 x980 2
AJ. R -
Where R = Mg:. -x
AJ. g
:. R
=m g Cos e
:. m g Sin 0 -
M x 980 = x - 280
2
=ma
... = -7
.
1-2
- N
_ =_M_g_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.....j . . a = 980
:. Equation of Motion is
p - R = Ma
: . 3.15 x 10 3 x 980
7
3
- - x - x 10 x 980 =
10
2
m/s
ill\ _
__..P
m g Cos
5
(13
-
2js
12
1 12
1960
4 x 13 )= _1_3_
:. v2 =0 + 2 x
1960 x 260
13
: . V = 280cm/s, Eq. of asce nding
JJ.g
- m g sin 0 - N
x 103 a
:.
0 = V2 - 2 x
7840
=m a .. a ' = 13 cm / s
784
: . a 588cm/S
: . V = O +at = 588 x 5 = 2940 cm/sec
P sin.30
=360
JJ.R~
.orp
-=-r"L~'""
.U g_
x 260 :. v = 560cm
=
13
6 First: When the plane is rough
1---- - - - -- - - - - - - - - -.. . J : . a = g Sin 0 - g Cos e
3 R + P Sin 30 = mg
2
..!.2
V=
~
, "~-. # >t:r;,,,_
R + 420 x
J3
Ji- xmx 980 =mxa '

. -
-~~T
x 150 x 980 = 360 a
9 = 3920 Ji emfs, When P = 0 :. - R' = m x

a , R' =mg
49 Equations of Motion are

210x980xl/2-T=210a
T-140x980x3/7=140a
:.
a=126 cm/sec 2
:. a = - 280 cm/s
:. - R= M x a
Ji cm/s2
: . a= 3920
otion on a rou h
298
-..J2
-..J3
= 980 ( ~ - - x
2
.'. s = .! x ~ t~
2
r::; )
245
~ cmf s
-..J2
.. (1)
,.;2
When the lane is smooth:
e = 980 x ~ cmfs 2
a= g Sin
:. s = -X
2
:. 200 x 980 - T 200 a .. (1)

3
- 1o
x 500 x 980 = 500 a .. (2)
980 )
~ t:; .. (2)
-..J2 -
By adding
:. 50 x 980 = 700 a,
2
a= 70 cmfs
.'.V=0+5x70
= 350cmfs
by dividing (1) by (2)
r2
r2
4T2
T2
. 1 = - 12 is2
.
1
..
10 ." R m g Cos
:. -1:-.'.T1=2T2
3
1---T_2__
1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _~_ __.,=150x980x
T
270
=9o x 980 ... (1)
=980 a,:. a= 28a cmfs2
By adding,:. 980 (270-120 - 30) = 420 a

2
a= 280cmfs :. V = 280 x 7 = 1960 emfs
:. T = 480 (980 - 280}

:. T 480 x 700 = 336000 Dyne
fter cutting, -
x 90 x 980-150 x 980 x
: ._
R =_
T _
J2 _
= 33600
J2 _
Dyne
,__
___
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _,- 150 a .. a , = 980 cm f s2 ,
8 R = 126 x 980, eq. of Motion

70 x 980 - T = 70 a ... (1)
:. O = 1960 - 980 t ,
11 .'. T = 150 ... ( 1 )
:. =250 x~
5
= 150 ... (2)
.'. T + R = 250 Sin
3 x126x980=126a .. (2)
By adding
.'. 28 x 980 = 196 a,.'. a= 140
2
.'. V = 0 + 2 x 140 x 70
:. V = 140 cm/s
After that the body move with a
.
1
. . ,
980
I 2
.. - - x m x 980 = m a .. a = - cm s
3
3
2
.'. V = Vt + 2 a S
.'. 0 = (140)
2x
~0
,', 150 +
= 150 x 980 .. (2)

T=R
.'. 150 x 980
...
x 500 x 980
.
= 1o, aft er .increasing
v =Vo =a t
.'. t = 2s
150: 250 X
i ,', 3
5
: 4- 3
.
1
.. = 3
fter changing the weight from150 to 350 like in

ex. (lO)The eq. of motion is
350 x 980-T 350 a .. (1)
1
4
x 150 x 980 R 250 x 980 x
3
5
= 250 a .. (2)
By adding:. 980 (350 - 50 - 200) 600 a
:. S = 30 cm
. '. Total Distance = 70 + 30 = 100 cm
9 Equation of Equilibrium
R 500 x 980 .. (1)
270g
:.270x980-T=270
mgcose
a ... (2) :. T-150 x
4 1
80 x
x 90 x 980= 150 a .. (3)
x 500 x 980 = 500 a .. (2)
By adding
:. 280 x 980
From (l)
7 R = 500 x 980, eq. of motion

480 x 980 -T = 480 a .. (1)
T-
I
T
980 x 100 = 600 a. . a =
490
cm s
299
(12)0n the inclined plane
:. R =mg Cos o :. mg Sino - mg Cos o =ma:.
a = 980 ( ~ - ! x ~) = 588cm/s
5 3 4
... V2 = 0 + 2 x 588 x 150
:. V = 420cm/s =the velocity at the beginning of
horizontal plane.
On horizontal plane:
1
:. R' =mg
T. _.-14L .. ~- . ____ . _;~,.:.-R'=
T :/<::. ,
-- 41
..
- .
ma
2
_,If
.......
:.-R'=ma
.. - !
3
=ma
... a ,
/!~~):;;--
4x9..S
;; e>> . 30"'\ 6'9.is:/'r

<1o"' . .
m x 980
=3980 cmI s2 .. . v2 = v20 + 2 a 5

2
.. {140) = {420)
980
5
3
...
s = 240
(13)equations of motion
'13
'13
6 x6x9.8xz-=6a ..... (1)
3x9.8-T
1
T x4x9.8=49 .... (2)
By adding:
2
a=0.49m/sec =49 cm/sec2
3
{14) 42 x 10 x 980 3
T 42 x 10 a .. (1)
3
:. T - 9 I 6 x 10 x
3
980 - 28 x 10 x 980 1.'0 .-,~
4
x5
3
28 x 10 a .. (2)
2
by adding :. a= 140cm/s
:. V 0 + 2 x 140 280cm/s
by cutting the wire
T 0 in (2)
2
:. a' = - 1120cm/s
2
:. Zero = {280) - 2 x 1120 S
:. S 35 cm
R-~
."~r:
28
cose
28
:. S' =
ix
140 x 4 = 280cm
:. Total Distance= 280 + 35 = 315cm.
<i) l=Fxt =llDX'lB

1$,.f
: J::::?n("'-Jt;)
-' VZ;:: 313.(, n/,11u:.
@:.1 =FXf
.-. 11.,.t;:FX
.. F= 11'64X 2S N =
:o.'1(~
: T:::?'l'J(l/i-&f)
'1=2.f'J<
i: !/
1*1/AC
.~I::::
::::0.2.S( 18-
=F X ~ .'..
V;.=t,sx.,f =
. 2.
6z5
..3.8=Fx:f9
. I.,,,(V1- llfJ 3.8..::::
@:t::::-m
._.:z::::
f7\ .,,, Mr pnt.. .,AM.~ :::: i l l
~:.?'YJ;;::t>,l't '1 ks :
'"
:. FXl=O.. 11(1(2.fJO-O)
(-f) .,.,,au f44' ~ ~ : : :

V= 110.1/ x~ =
:Fxt::..,,,,lV"&-V,) :.
F .::: StJX'f..tD -:::: 251JO
'18
@r=.,.,,<Vz-'1J =21000
= '" '1-tJ 00 H.....u.c .
:I=FAI- .~
'l'I
.,....""f.U.
i
. Fxr
:?!Ill
F:::o.JtfK
1:-
() := .u.1:.. 1,Xf. I
JUJ, 'J
:::: "' 2 -w?/411.i..
=o.til[it.Z-(-;t)]
301
,
.. 1.1sc~-(-.l{.a.)J :::z5;t.'/.8xro
..~+~2= 1
.1-. vi.= ..u 2 -1-zas
.. ~=a.a .,.,;,,uc. .
(2. 8) 2-2.X f.fiJ
.. () =
H!:
'WI(
!.
.s'= O.l(?n ::;; ,Yo"-
V~- "f J =<F -'fJ 1< t
.. 1180( V- o> =(Joo -:x.>x.,8 JC s
2 '!!: .,.,tV,.-Y,) = -'1' xt

... 1680( 0 - V) = -x x'18XUJ
:z>-W;.t&.. - f= 3-~)(.
00-"'
. .. . (I)
' iu/...,. ~t1Gf, I:ISD(.fftJ+60):/S"OOO "f-.,.,

= 8(V-fl.5) +12 V
.-. '12:+ 180=20V-1-12 V= 12. .,,,/.A
.. Y~o(Jk t J!= 12+1.:r: 13.5 'Wl/~c, . '
:1: 12(/2-/S)=- 36 :.1tA-mltj.::.36N..A.t.C.
. . . (2)
'tl
@w a.. IJJ/~ock ~~/kn~ F=x-5

..c_A.U . ~ j,JI: Si=-f+ia.tl
=3ot-1- -tx '181>t i. : 3ot + 4'10 t
~ ..S-2 =Vx t
.. 3ot+.lf'/of'l._3ot
51 -~ :::: 'f o
:. f= .1... Sc.c.
=34>f .
=fo
Vek"'4-ef~ /JJI ~~ C~:
V= .u+at- =3o+faoxt = lt:ib ~/,AA/!#

v~u~ of~ ;;J/":l/iA ~ptfU'/.:- vd"~
"(.P.i. f;jt =3<> """/,4.tL .
... I ::"1"(Vz.- v,)
,
~
..'/OX 2.lto.(
~
. v:IDi/<L
. . 51
...l
..Jo
v, =2.fd ,(
:.x=6c k.a.tMt.,
f:' U>n c2J .. V= 1 "WI/ ..u.c.
+ ~
_.:f -1. I~ v:t;5

- @ @ ~ '
@) 8Xf+ 12x1s
l'1 = -160 i
- 60Xl1>0..< =('lo+ 60) v

_Jo
-'.llVH =lo~o,,,,/c.,
!="= ~1200
-='O(ltJl1+/IUJ) :.
ciJ .r...,,,.cf'(/I, 8 :
1$tJX !Ito+ ():(1Jo,+J5o)V
.. V = 7o ""'/.M.c.
tiiJ J...pacl' !( A1 8 iorlhA .MU C: ,,..
3 00 xf 0 + 0 = - 300 x /If 0 + 450 v
.. V::: 51 '-/"""- , I= ?"'1(Vz- ~)
="tSO( 56-o)
=2. '52.oo ~
;tUc.
5o(3o-4$D)=-2.llJOl1~
'
(i) 10 XZ8-35X /If

=?ov +'J S' JU. 1
.. V: 10 .5 '-/A.C ,
: F ~ t = m-i.c V-a.-V, J :. F
35(2.1+ l it )
:. F = 12.1. SdD "f-~ '11'0=12. 5 'f"t' wf.A
__::!;;;,.,C.
x..Ju =
<!i) .1tx15" + 12X5=(1t+l2.)V1
.. \1=1S e-/;144 >

16;<1.s-Bx 6 =<16+8 >v,
:. v'L :
3 c,,,.,/,ALC.
4 _,fl _.,..v
@ @
@.F:.,.,tt .. 3o= '(}.. .. a..-:.5._~i.

:. '1 =M. +a r=o +:s xto ::: :YO -./,,u.c. '
'f J<.ZS :(6+"'} Vz. :. Vi. :20-m~,

F JI. t : ,.,,,(V-.u) .-. F'Kfj
'4(20+25')
6X50-
..F a /#$ J</8b =2':/tJDN
@ 2.1 xza+ o:(2./+7")Xl.lt .~ 42=2/;:+lbr

" 'Wt =O. '11<3. , : V~ir
fA.'l-f- 2.G$
4=-V
. o (l~J":rza. x.1/1/.. 1 :.
c.../.A&'"';
LJ ~ he o. """ llec. J,.,. ~ JtM.c.&,. r(
302
.,,,,. o./Wz c~
-~= (2.1+
.. -r'=?rta
().f )(-'l!l) ..: .,.. !.! ,.y
=3
'I
i.....
@ Jesii "f AA. bJ/ rto t-J f:/i4b/'e4

LJ t
.;.A ~/i,n
Ju_
Cl "'""'
..
vu:. 4... -4.. ~ of
a/lb. ~,J
-f'=mA.
.. - 5/tt>O : '/DfJ Q. : - ~() e-f,,u.c.."-,
. Vl.=a'L+ZAG .:. o::: "li._2.X6o J( 120:.JJ:/Zo,
'JO~l,D-'/OJ(.60
+~
!!4 ~ y- -!0
@ @ @
=-5tJY+'loXIZo
V= 161( c-/,M.c. ,
1 = f o( IZO + '")
=16200 ~-'"
l..f "'4'f"'/M.dlA of .a.a,,. ~ "fliA.
M;\\ :I= m 1 ( Y2.- ~ J :.

~
,;
,;
11soo =2,-olf-<-~o)J
... V+4tr= 10 . V=3o C:.../MC.. ='~,,,.

vd,U.~trt~A.uo~ fhA,,;...paGf,
cat/uim, be, z. I< ' 31<

o.z.5 x , . 0.3}(:Z K + o.15X3k
" 3X IS'+
. 6.?-S :/.'3S/<. :.le:~" V,=ZXS :::IO?tt/c, :. "'1.X80 -z5ox.f.to (""'._+ZSO)J<3o '"'1.=35'0,_

Vi:: 3)(5 15 """/.MC
1'1~ <J(.li4 co4iM.Q,, ~ .s,=V,Xf:/OX5=5l>'WI,
7.(.._ C~"' fh.
Aj1"-.fA1i/J b~
-r= .,.,,2 a. ..
xo.2s 1< f.'8 :::o.'2.,-a.
: I= .,.,,(V,- If J :. 6.1.18 o.u, [Vi,-(-IS)]
. . 4 =- jJ, -wt/,M.e-1.. _<: 15'.XS- .L. x !!.!. x l..'S
' V~+ IS': 21 . Vz..::: /2.'hl/.41.C
?5
-i..
z ~$
?kc~"(~ IMloAf~:
i~.5.,.,., .. S::: 5a.s -.sF os.,,., = 5'" c-i...
-f
@;ix ISO -4X35'0
=-1X/2.6-t-4Y
V = 133 Cwt /.UC
f1>tf
/\
.~c
{#..
~ ~l
Y;.
0 0 0
Af" <~~: (i) 1~Af'LM.: -fo.x1x'/.B=1a,
Q.. -4~~~'."'-=t"'-i~"''fdl,l--ef""
"/5:
Z-toX/2-'l.J,oxlS:
-2.l{oXB+zi/oV
' 'II-:. 5 -m/,M.C.
~f ~
--;;p;;:-'
~t
h1t,k
8 e/l1IL
@r"'"o/"t' -'~ ~JaaL
" 4, =-o.'16 ,.,.,,/AA.c."L. =-'II1.r.w./.c......

.i..J>11Gf:
1
:Vi: :M.'+-z.A.$ 0=(/2,)-z.X98~:..s;:::81 c....

~ = 0 + zx 'I.ax 1.6 :. 'I= 5. '..,.,/,41.1;,.
oi) z?'.' ~e""'- = 4i= - q8 ,,_,/,Au..,_ oJ.o
Co~: 2./oox~-6 +35bxo=C21oo+35'o)V
" 0:(133)1:..1 XfSSi :. S.,.='fo.25c:. v: ~. 8 -m/,11.t.. a...J ~ 14.~ 4o a. .u...
5: 81+ 'ftJ.2S = 1'11-25 cV.c. l(c,./.iC"'4- c/~d,.
11.1..rz.a.S
"-~
1.
o =<~V +za. xo.12
V"=
.-. a.:: - "'..,/AU. . . ,
@. F-f' =,,,,a. ;. 14 x 'l8-f x2Bx'l.8=284 .,. -mi- Y' =_,a. " 'f'=--(9-a.J=2ifSo('/.8+ 9')
:. 4 :::- 3.5 ,.,,/.A........ V,= o +3SX2o :::70,,;,uc. =21/SOXll~.g ,+' : '18: 2.'i/50 K/""f .
: 28)(1tJ +o =(2.8+12. )Y .. V:::J(fm/,u.L
/'f~P, "f" ~;,,,: m=:l.8+1Z:~okj.,
@:S:. "-t+ iat '-ISO =,.t'+-Jxzf"
A.L=4'/,....,,,/,tu.. . -fx+ox,.a =..fo4
.. t'"+st-1so=o .-.(f-10)(/:"+IS") =o
.. 'fJ.. =-/. .t, -m/,4U.'\. V="'+4 t.-. o= 4f-/.4 t
.~ t= lo~ . .-. Vz.= 5+Z.KllJ =ZSC-/AUL'
:. t = 1.!- = 3 5,.c...
\'/ =! ='Ji!= IS e-/,uc..
1
"""JC ZS+.,,,, XIS= -m Y + -m)3o " V=/D""'1/.1Jtl....
@ut..tk~
4Ju,,,
"'1&...2~~
.u.n.d~J = t ,,4... ... li:-c.r(-a... t+4

:S,=~ .. 21.t(t+'rJ = 8t-+-f x4l "':,..
f'L8t-~8 :;o ..(.f-12J(f'+it)=o .. f':IZ
.. m_ liAJo Af>~ ~~
ofliA 12.AA.c-do
303
f4'. _J-.,_/"(~AXD'111, ~=f/+~,f/2=56

. 2.$" XL.It+ /5'.X 5"6 =(Z$+/5'JY V=36 C...,/Mt'.
@~I &A.~
,t.'4,.. ~~act_.,~~
~tcl Ju.. ../".MC. ~e/""'-"'-ftxc.I: ~ 1#$~: ..S-"t+ia.t-7.
.... s, =-Jx1()r-:s1-: ~z .. 'Afk.: -l =vxt=3.1t

...
'Z.
'l t
: s,-~=
1so ... sf-35f:l5o ..-1"-'1 -3o=o
. f"=ltJ,,4.U. '- ~=M+4} =IOKIO :/IJo C-/,,4ec..
.. 3tJXlt10+2ox 35'=(30+2o) Y .-. V:-f~ e...t-c.
I~d:-65"Xll/t>+?SX,6D=(t5"-+?S) V
V= 235 '-/,,ac. cltnmt .a... p4...c.. ,
~"""""<u,:::;. S1=11>ox/-2+sx!# =.it8tJ"""

llf/#. {,Weul~ S=lf8o, a. =.l/l/IJ,.U=?.35'
. 480 = 'l.3S t + 4_x'fftJ t.._ ~ ~ S
:. 4'1f~Jt1f-'lt=o (49t+ft)(t-l}=o .-..t::t
Q) ra.> Al=IFll xii Sii =3,.7 x5"o j,J,
-+ 'lr= 200 1<1.J: ..,.,..

@i.1 de.~ Li.'4,.,, ~ ~,,,ucnJIJa-4 (/,) W=llFll1<1/SIJ c.<r.1'9 = '3f.2xso cnl::,BtJj-'
=Ifill
.Ii cafd : - ~Ju f ~. So..U... ~

= '!'Jo ~ f.S = /()() kj' 41,,,., ~&J .. 1-+t .M.c.
'dJ lv'=-FS =-200 l<J"'" 71"
.. Sr.="ff--/:xf.8t'::lt.ft-.1f.9f'"".. .. <1J,
S1 = //.f(t+IJ-lf.'/(t+l)'l.
.. (2)
.: ~= Sz. ._ 1~1t-+.,f....=11.1t+11. f-~.ff~f.'l/:l(.f
..... 14/-= '1 ... f = f .A..,, t"+J=J-/.Mc..

Brpu ~: \1 =I/. f- 9.BX': =-Z. g J..t.
lij=:z..s "'"/,,u.c. "~, Vi.=l'-1- t.ax.f
.-. Vi..: II. t. m/,ML ""(JM/q fh
z-ead: -1 xz..3+ts~11.1.::(1+1.5) v
... V= 5. ''7'11/ALC.
l'f1111-. AUJ'I
~ad: o :(5".,J1:..2Xf.8
,., S:l.6.,.,.,
at&
@ ~f ~ ./No Af~ c~ai41Lt tA--
" s1 :()+fx'/.lf~S..='t9f-ixf.8ti.
: ~+S1 =1~1 ., Jt'lt =I.It 71 .:. t = 3,,A.t.C.. ,
S 1 :t,,,Xf =l/.lf.f.,,,,, $,_::147-#.1.=102.f,,,,,,
.,
- ;,,_
~AftC..
ya"'""., """46j,
c(l&.
~';&._a = 14X 3S= 4f N. . W=41J< 12 J,.Jc
'o
= .lffXIZ..+ f.6 = 1<3.wl. .,., .
@F=-.,.,= 5'~4.2.=2/JI. : W=f'x5

:.18DoJ<.'/.8 =21.s' .. S ::84o.,....
F=':ltl'
.-. 78-4 =Ba. :. a= 'I.fl ._.;.,,....c.'1
... s ="+f;c'/.8)(/IJ(l=~f(J?n ... W-=18-lfXltftJ
J""4
~ f . j ' : 3f2.0 Kj. tt1/- ._
f_ t:o .-. .,-:F::
/l('f'N 1.f:Vt~fXf)Y(1
.. S: 150-m. :. W= -"I' S:-/J17XISt1/ifJ_

-::-f.8'
z. ?..50 l<J ,.,/: -
=@1.cf t .._ a""'" 11.ec. ;,.../M.. rlUuc&, "(

t:.
t
'Z.
,,,,,.,.,,.
Bt.1-.,;...pad: V,=o+t.8X3 =2.'/.4'>11/.Au.'
CCJ W= o
-1'"=-ma. Cl) 1 : V:M +24.,
..o::(,3xf,J1+-Z4X /ZS ... a=- ~-/;U.C"'j
4f
Vi.=* 'f-f.IX3=1f.{,.,,,,,/.,u.c.
F-t""" fl) . r' = lfl>DJ( N-:- 'f.8: 18751</-wf
r""1"4".:-o.~x2f.it+o.J,;<. /'/.( =o.4V-o.~)(lf.6 .... W:-Y- $' =-1615'';< 12.) ::::-'L 3437.5/tj-.I:
.-. V=l..f.1.,,,,/;UC
7.k1~J... 4fki-pocf:
S=-ltJ2.f ,
""'- =11t.1 , 4. =- f B .,. S =":'/+ i a. t t.
""'I
" -lol.t/=llf.1t-.lf,fl .,_Jtui"~

:. t!3t-2J=o :. /": 3+ ~ = '32..u.c .
MO\
~ a, =- J~ tJ :-4,o r-/.AU~ 4J.= lffac-/Ml,
~ .zM /Mio lut~co&~ ajk t A.Cc..
..s, =,1oot-~~itl/d t'!'. ..dJ, ~=-o+ -f:x't'ltJtt.
: S,+52 =Boo .. ]oot.:: 6110 " t= ~ ~.8c(<nt..~a.cl~ V,= ?oo-496X..!. tl/d c.../M.c.,
Vi.=
Jtf6if =5lo c-/,,uc
(j)W t_ I.a. 4 _... V. ;,.,.~ cl.iM~.-t-1";,.

:._re ,,,,a ... co,._. V-=4'+t1.f. :o= 5t11+/s
.-.4=-l'l,oo t...w/.,uc.... Y-=2~.Kl'lttJo::4fX1Jdf.S= 564.(f,-i Xl'fl~oxtfu

3~
..W=-'fS=-'t'l.Xl/J Xi =-3'12.JCIO .tlllf
~iJ W=- -3.s -=-15 ~1-8 li z.4 -=-11PIDJ-I.

viJ W= -JS= 11l"to J~
<J) F : -1 -.. W= ""'Is " 1'4" == '5,tf.8 s'

.. S::: 12 ..,.,,
304
~"-7~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-r-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
@ : V~..&A.~
20..S .
=C7oJ~-l.X'f.'l.f S=1So
<1)
~::-Y x5:-l.5J<f.~X'joJiJ.-:;.f.f::-lo56"J-l111.i'
.. 41 =-'1#1.J' =-o.1txf.8JCZSOJ4'tt =-1001<,_J. <ii>~=F r5 ::S3'1X10JoJA. 7f.J=385'9~"'J. ....., _ !

<ilj .t = 7oxzo-.1.;r. f.sx~oo =- s'o .. S: 5' o- <iii)W=l.F -OXS:(S"1f-!SX'lJ)x1ojttd.-:; 'f, 8
t.1~"4 :~'W=o.t,Jt. 'f.txs,oj...L::z?/flljt.,,. = asoo ~-""""" cfr) N'=o
1
@1t1:UTl/xl/Sll c1ns ~: 28tX'l8=TX?.'1~ !j.

.. r'lf: t11.X'l.8X5= lit~/(
W= Fx s
:. l/Z.56=1=xl68 .. F t1 ,.,. ..!. , F--r='"'a.
T =rF-"'WKL
=-2 ,- /tj wf.
.. W:::- rS= - 2S X/68 =-42Do.f</ . ...,f.-wr.
@5=o+ixo.11tx'100=1,1_, J
=
=,.,_ ltto:.;'"
u, J<.lt
@ Iv'= o.o:J /{. m =/t>o xo. 05' = .5 N. c:-.
:W=F6JS ... S=-3t<+l/(l<+/) ..k=1
rfi\~
~.....
-~.f=AB =B-11 ::(-3 7 -12)
.A
@::
..!= .1.1f+tali. '-tS::::J.11x2S:. ~=o:z...,,t,..l.c..,_

~.//.A.. t.11... ...J J.,o '""J-.,, =-ma..-. r.::->1(,-o.J
.JI
=-'Jl-1'1.j ,
.....
.....
4
~
!'.'.\
F=""'a =2('lSc.-t.SJ)=5-< -13J
.':, W= fss =-Jx~.r-12(-13) :14-111. r.;.,.,
= I~/ -i-IOo :::: /.~/ N..,,,, = /. J(/ juJ.c.
.-. r=-o.3('/.'iJ-o.i.) :2. 88 N

... W =- 'I"$::: -a..BB )( 2.5" .::- 7. 2
jawL
.\K ~'l<+'f::::o -''-<l<+3):::o ..... l<e-3

rO~
~)
= _3.._ +-r~.I,?) Q """ -11/
I./
:. w
.(\
,>
=-Z?-lt8=-1S~
@F:: ,,,,,~ lJ +,,,a. =1151J(fB1f+z. BJ H..;. f.8
:.F= 13?51<3. wf. : ~= F :S .."33Jl5'=1J7JS

.. S.:: 3/S?lf'J 'W,,.:::-?Mj&,,;,...9xS=-PIS~xJX3($
=-215625 I</ ..,f.,,..,.
@1'19Si..li-"f=-,n(J. .. '( ='"'Js;.. 9- ,.,,a,
.~ r'= 35'('i.6X;. -/.It)= 35X4 1/ll--i: 'f.8
l1Kju/.1 S:O.+-f11.l./ZXld1J
:::S,._
.. W,::-wtjs;...tJ XS= 3SXf.8,(f .Jt.S6 jlwl. 4 f.8

-11xs6 ::r-fS-t.l<J..f.,.,
= 1rr6 KJJ;.,.,,)
""=
305
@. W: ?Tfj.$_.;,.. 8
.. 2-#dfJO i( f.'8 =8600)C'f~
.. s .... f) =3 .. " = 3
= ...,..,, s,;_ 8
..7'=80DOX'i.B xfo N-ff.8:::!6ok3. wt .
7M , ,,.
... r I tin = 1to = z.o 1t1""""f.

'8
"s11
=itt>x/5 =ltJoe-. = ' ?'If ,
ft Flt ::
=
T~ 1 X1=1/J<IODX1
Ci);. - .,.,g:::.o :.T==mJ =1Zlr) wt.

~t
. ~ Pn>tA..: Fx v =12xo.2s = 18/ll..,r.~
::: 18 +15
=o.2.if
/,~
""'i
Z'ZOO /(, .... ,
.. w:::: F s =22 DO x 6 =132/JO l<J ,,..,.. .,.,.,.
[;?\ f = r
16 oo .X ~. 2 ~
1 oo K9. ul.
~
IOO
:f'll1U'l/l-=FXV 30X15 =IOOXV
' V= il.,.,/.Af.C.
=!11)(
~
:i
Tl'l = 81 tc-/J,,,.
: F.::2.fl)o
p~
ISOOX':TS= Fx 1sx fi
l<J..I.. , F = l<I. J.
=fXV .:
Y:
ff
l
2184
306
!!:: = /3. 5 Ka--f
pa r,,. =
P+-j.S:.:..P - t"=o . F= y_.,.,f.fi..8:'l/l)0-12.5'0
= 85b KJ-wt. -: ff/WfA. =FXV'- 85X'15::-S5t> V

5
~ .-. V= !{.,.,/"'-c. = i x '/ = Z"f ~Iii
Ff i
I...:_): f"""4 =.F x V .. 5 oa J<?S= F~ 5/tXf

R'\
... F 2 51JI> Kj...,f:
z 01)1} 1<1. -wr. J
I,,.,,:::
=o .. "f'::::'lSOO - Zooo =500/(J "'J:

= ~:.o : . 2. 50 ~8 wt.
rtlJ
F-"f-.,.,j
.. '( /r,.
'411/=
@ o-n.i:k. '~"" rJ: .:f 41A1tt = f .x v

'too x15 =l=x (3ox t) .-. F = 3,oo l<l'J.,
/:-7=.o .-. f"= 3'00 .-. "f'/fd,, =3..j,00 =15/q.wf.
onUu.kdi-J: -Y= 3too K,... ~., !.1 SA... It
151>0 K9.wt. "".f..,.,. V1:: IBD.XJi ::5Dm/~

=2'toooov'/.Bx-IKa.,.,f.,
>'a. u-k,.. ~(M.,c.YU) :21o>C;1 =15-/MC
~
;40 N::::Z4'1Jo
~
I
.!L. - ~ .
.. Ya. - v'l. ..
1
J _ ~.rv1
?5X15 :. a.- 33 rJ"oWI.
t.:lP - ,-ex5Q.
Ya.
'
"F-1'1 :::o :.f= ~= 331S~-111t.
.. Pnl'fA
=F X Va =33'15XJ'.t
=3375 A~
15
F= 2'100+3,0o ='(JOO t<j-wf., ... ft1aJ6t:=F XV

~'1oX1S=:(oooV .:.V=S-./..MC =lfk-/Jt
(f)F'-Y" =-ma. .-. F =/'I' JCIOJC'f.8+11'oooxo.o7 @o.,,4'. It~

:.f=32.'l2.BN+f-8
= 3360 I<~.~,
= .!.. --1~ ..pl/'lllf(A=: FXV

~
~
A
336ox.!f l<J""t.,,,/,u.c . ..:;-1s = 33' ll'24U
V:: 27x.2
=
@ Y= 3o ><i =1:j- ._,f.,4.t.c,.
: f 4Wt'A. F;c Y
'!:;f -'
f"= 200 J<5 =llJ(JO kAJ.

, V=
..,-
3'
o~
-=
3 ooo x10
7!!
12DX"1S'=FX/lf1txf;
.... F=ZZSK/"'1-. , F'-t'=o .-. Y=F=zz,-Kj...t:.

.At.;,,,,,~ f '2.2.5"x =250 k/ 111t.,
T = 5""0/(1""",
.,,,4&;..1J:S1Jooox'1.3x..Lit"
(.. ,,.
ldO
f=
"1'- .,,,,,J4;... e =o .-.

2 5o + ,-oo =1.Sol<t"I".
./'(/fA/fA = FXV 120 X1S=7SO V
.. V= 12 ..,,.,/,.M.e. = IZX
4 3.2. tr:-11.
11- .::
@m ./iL h~ra/:
F"=Y'= 2XStJ :/IJO"';.,.f.,

28X 15 =/doV .-. V:2/,,,,/~
..
x.i..:::
18 kJ,,.,/,uc, .-. V:21x lj=1S.6 lt!-/IL
.,,,,... t;:::aoooooxf.fJC 1~ N=J.oooKJ--f.'

F - t'- .,.,,.r;.. t!J o .-. F = 11eo+2000 =300akj.111t
..
F-
800"1-15 =FX
F= 1Zoo 1<3.J.,
F'-Y:ma. .-. 7Zoo X 78-1500 X'l!J =35,0004.
... o.:o.151' .,../''\. = /5'.'16 """'"'"".....
f--wigr.:.. 9-r-.:o F=""I"!-'' +Y- ""!
= 440 A9UC4
"" ~ .i.-.d,;,..,.J: ntJs;.. P: Z600J( f.axl; II

:. F= "f'+-nt/3,,i..tJ
d
,,. ::111>+200
,
=200 Ko .wt.f
300
I</
44)
'.2.8x1S:3oO
v :. V= 1--/,4&.C
:./60 t<g ...,t., V=21JC~ =~"''" (/)I~ ~1:&;,,,.eJ: V.::22.sx.,j =~2.S7fl/,U..C.

-1~ "='"oo;cf.8)(-l, N =$()O Kj.-Wt.'
... F't7WtA. = F xv :.1)( 15=Fxt'.25..fb1zK1-t
F-r'-7P'fj.S.....8 =o :F:/1>0+500 =t'{)() l<j ...,/-.
..,..,,,~ fJ =2ooxf.1 xi;;, N 2 /<j wt. ,
..p'"1k:::
= 60 hn.u,.,
F- """ISi... 8-r =o .. Y= 12-2 ::::to 1<1.wt.
@'f"::o.t Xl"OO
"";:1.s
f"= 3Jf.2.Z.5= '.,~ l<, ....t.
'"'~ lt~tw!ol: F=Y =Ill 1<1.1111-. 1

1 X15 10 V .. V !,!
.., tuc :ff
x M =2.7t:../le
~
2.
S"
.,.,,,s... ()
J<s-uf. ,
=3ooox'l.8X~N =3oo
F--r--J.s.i..I!> =o .-.F=67s+3oo='l75frJ "'/:

"P~ = Fxv .-. o/x?s=175 v
.. v=1:,f ,,,,/,,Mc.= x !f 3o tt-/J..
@ V=1 z.~ i
= z o -mI .AU
:. '60 Xf.5 =FXZO :. F
"""/.r..;.,. 8 = f OOIJOX'I 8)( ft, H
._. p
O'JCJ"(:l1::::
Fx v
=
=
@111r.l"k ltoij""tJ: ~=4Sx,j =~'-I.MC,
F. =f' =1'15 X ltJ =IfSI) Ks- .,,f.
.. p~: lf50X2.5:: 325 J,,uu
tP' ..tA.t..
,;,..Jf.13: .: p(/'tA/(4 =F..
v, ... '325'
=~ ;c 21 x-r; .. F~ =32.S"o 1<5. wt.
J( 15
= 3,0oKj.wf. ,
_ .,,... _ .,,.,,,~ 8.:o . .,.,, ~e::: F2 -r ~.~
::: Z2$t) kJ wf. >
;2.50 JC fS- lf5"4Xf B

1360 =1'15ooos;....e
=l'l54ooxf. '8 SA.. 8
.-.S.O...e:.11::::
r,.
1~~
F- >'-'*J.r.i...'9 = o Y:: F- '"'J..M..'1=3Uo-"D.5o
lf5D -''- Y'= 135'(} KJ..r ... "f'/t;,. = 0 =/S"17 .wf.
@onACL /,~rJ: 31.5X15_=!".K b1SX~
..F::: 150 ka wl-. :. r, F = l!foK9 J-.
@7'= 300 X1.;.2(0ol<,.wf., """'f!l4.S
(ftt ..u.... iM ~J: ,., 1s.;...8 - y'z. =,.,.,a.
=3ooooox'l.'1.X-h;0 N =IZ5"t> Kj.wf.,
!3jo
307
i .: Yi.= 3000 x f.B xfo - 3000xo . u,~=13 5 IV

. Y'2..: 135 +f. 8' 1S l<J uf. Y/ 2. >'2.
K3.wt., 3~X15 =fix ~xi).~ F2.:3'oir,.t
..fa.: 4'5
Fi.+
,.,,,s;,.. 8 - Yz. =
?710.
X'lB +5000 X'l.8xJ!;:;-45X'l.8 5oot> tJ.

2
... 0. = o. ~ 'f 1-8 .,,,;,u.c,"fff-18 e-/.M.c.
: . 300
@.i>.u'6ttt, '1110/iz df1(4M1f MJtn.lt:

~= J.f,.;...f1' := l(IOO)(.'/. ! x",l =/{)() ~ ..,f.
@ o~t'h. Jci'1>ffd,/
A,,..a.f, .,,,11/;n ...,oJ,, :

/(JO - 36X'3'
Ji
- !ftfJ5J, . ""l f.:.22 5
V,= 101xf,_ .:3o.,.,t-
... 30X 15 :: Fj X 3o .-. F; : 15 "l<lt.ul:
r=f =15"'.<'f'"'." ... t"ffm, = ='251<J"',..
&,.ft
JI..
Y's.= ifr
..
l'jW I
F-r2.-4.S....e :o ..F=2.2.5+11D=32S"twf.,
=54 I = IS.,.,, /MC.: p,,.,,,.: ~:6S h111241U
V2.
'15
tk ,;,,,~J :?Wj&i-!J.::3000CO!.'l.BX :.,,._0 N

tin ,,a,. .vn~d: Fz -7'1-z.~ Alo." - y'1. 0'
"""'js.A....8> :61Joox'f.8xl;;o N = 2JIJ lc).J.
.:: 12-5"0 K! ,.,/. 1 l1t = ,.-4' .X
15.,.,,/..u&.
.~ F-i.= ..,,,,.,,,,.;,..9+Y-,_=1!1J+8x12.s-= 1ao1<,... t. .. .ltSIJ X 1S ::: fi 1/S F;:::: 22 5 0 l<J wf. ,
._.f'(JWtll. = ~X V-i :. 30X1S'= 18'o V1
F, - ?#J 6.... 9 - ~ = tJ : Yf -: 2. 1SD-12SfJ =ID1Jt>f<$.I.
:. Vi.= 1z.5.,.,/..,uc = 12.s
= 45"1<- /J..
" Y,l/;t. =
LP-k9. wt.
x-1
@on
ti =
':'o =
@j)U(btf, .,,,0 fty1. J"'4m1 tJtfl,Jt :
,,,1...,. s ='~ooo x1.ax/J;;, Al= "t50K3.1Wf. ,

... r'= '1 5"0 KJ fA/f.
ll~a.f, 'Pfllo/i>.,,wtn/to :
.,.,.,~ 8- "/' =0
F= 'f"+'Wl!.4..I} ="t5"0+~So =fook/ ..,f .,

V:::: 3 6X 5:_ 10 ?11/,41.C . f(J'Wfll ='Um:::: 11.IJit~
71
75
@ti> Y =.,.,!.L:... ~ =3 ooo Xt/. 8 X ~ ,- :::8411 N
""'...IN. J~,...3tJ : v.t= t3x~ :H .,.,tu.,,

: ..!. = ~1 .. /~OD = 15 )(IS ..J: ='!oox35"!U'
11.
":z..
ll"xll
~ '3oX3o
"- -a.
... i-z.= 12;so 1<9.wf. .. fi: lZ~SO K/""t.
..r'o""'* -_ 1215'0
X35;:::: 317. Sf AD'UA4
'X'l.XtS
@1.et .,.,,.,. of .nu;,,t4tlelA- pa fan =x kj- ,,,;,
fi) ""1I :::: ( d +'lit 0 300 t;,.,. 1 F,::: J'/ 300J' .. (.1)1
'1 = 1$. 2. ....,/A.U.
(ii J .,,,1. = 60 + Mo 20 o Im. ''TJs.;..(J =2tJoODOd..BJ<
. F"" t.h! It "'WJ""' t al = 8"1 o N '

f;l'
V= '3 "---2 :: 35 "'"'/,u.c ..f""""1. =B'tllX 3 S = 2o ht.,
2 ooo I<#' ..,t. , Y'2 2.oo.x 1 -:Fr Yz-"'i.f S.:.. 9=0
..
78
z. " .'l.J<f,g X7S
F.
c II!.. pqwt,i =F xv;.' 2DX15"= ~ .x 36 x~
:. ?..= 2.0o:JC.+2000 (2) ' ,F'loi., (I)' (2)
.-. F = IS"O l<J"'f. , F-Y'= .,.,,a, ..150//.8"
: f1 = Fz. 300.x. 206.x +2000 .x.:::20/(8.wt.
' - '10 = '3 oo o 4. :. o.. :::.0.2.I ,.,/,u.c.,_ =?.I ~/,ALl FJttwoo aJ .. F, = F = 3ooxZo ='ooo l<J .,r.
.-. f'tnA. :
@ r"'- ".. . ,_ .u. LuadtJtlMt1 cU..u... "1 :
oOOO ;c
75
IS".2. ::: /2/,
_,,,s;&,...":111ooox9.8x !
hO'UIU
N=100 KJ.,.,f. , Ci> Up-th.p//111\A.: mg~8=20041JO.Xf.8~#;N

=41110~.4J'. ' F,--m!S;..(J_ y =: 0
1/= 1.0 x 3o = 300 Ka ..,;., V, = 21x~ = '!.,,,/,A.< ,
..F,=
.l(ooo+Y 1 V,=14.fX-5 =3-m/..u.c .
~ +,,,,,,~-'fj =o .. F, = 300- t10=21J0Ks.J.
... p~ = 2oox /S' = atJ /,~
... Pt11UfA.. = Fi = 3 (-4000 + y). . . . . . . . (I)
~X15
ti/> ]) '1UR'I A 'p/AMJL : F,, + .,,,,, s.;...11 - Y= o
2U. CM .Jo .c-p-4 4MJ IUGlhttU :
... F2. Y'- "'tlJOO' Vi.= 32." x..,) = 'l-/,M...
..,,,~1.s;..s = 3ooox'f.Jx;f0 =3o1<3. ...,r. ,
1
-r2 3X3o ='lo Ka,"'/-. , i;_1~6' -Yi o
..powt.t.: Fz Vi.= 'f(Y'"-'tooo) .3'' , <2J
FAIP'>I <IJ, (ZJ .6<.'tooo+r) =-.f'(Y-4()00)
Fz. = 3o + fO = 12.o 1<1. wf., .- f(f1A>l,t Jixv~
.-. 2oX7-S =120 Yi:. Vi.=Y""1,.,=xlJ.='614..lft. 31'-1' l21J1Jo+lt1Joo .-. Y'=Booo1<1.wt.
:. 'I/ /ih =~
.fft> /(o . wf. , F"'""" l/J
2.00
II
@tm.J/,.,,/t~rJ: #tX7S'=F,X '3X/i
f w>fll. a (1.tooo+ Zooo) = 36000 1<1..,/"_ ..,,,f,A,
1 0
v,
.. F, : 181 l<f wf.
.,.,2.
='Y'1
..
UJ
tm.t..U.&J: : 1"1
n.. :K..llP=
Ox'J
v..,-a. T'J. 31.S K31.5
=-
36000
"15
=4 BIJ~
308
.....
..l.
2.
1.
'(V W= F GS :41<(f .+3t+z)- '3 bt

: W:: 1(180 va.j.-~ f' =- 3 ;. BO l< - 21b
;. 7,. K ( 't+ '/+2) - 2 1 h ::.1(1-80 :.JIJl<-27h=4110-(t)
f'11'W.UZ :f}f =4k(2.t+1J-lht, W:/5"2.o~J.
...,.f.t..,, /- = 2 .-. 1. 8 I< -12. b =I 5"Z o c/.,iuiiu ~~
... 1k- 3 h 380 .. -(2)-..uJ!I."" '
=
=
@A.AUMf: .,..,,, ,,o;,.,.a =mJ(/IJIJ1JX'!8X1:, H

6 3f(-11 b 3 4 20 ... (3J, F"-f!WI OJ -(3)
= 1Jtn 1<9. J. 1 Yj =_,,,, X ' ' =16?n K/ . .wf.,
" 111< = 1360 .. I<:: 80 , F"W>ot C'2.>
11:: 36X1i: /{) -m/.MC ._.Ff -r,-.,,,,1JS......1J o
" Ff -;: 1j "'f" ,,,., 1&.... fJ 16..,., + S,., = 2 Jr-wi K3 cJ: ... 560 -3~0 = 3b :. b:: ~o
; '/'(ltfl'U = .24.,,.,.X ltJ :2..1/() 7'1 /<'4.cof.'Wl/.M.. ..(1) .~ t =Bo"'+ 'of .-.11'F11 =f<fo>-,._+l::::1oo r;-.
::Dl!Ae..f: ..,,,~ 7E.:....1 =<--is)~l)()(J J<'f.Zxfzs. N
= 8('#11..., /$) 1<9. c.of. J Ya: (m-IS))f.)6 ="(m-15),
11, 12tJX~ .!.jt""'/AA.L. : G:+mc,.ti...8--t;.:::o
.-. Ji: Tz.- ""e.1~ 8 = l0("'1f-tS)-B{'l"l-1$')=Bf'111-f.
~ f'QJll'l/t
=1("'1-IS')X.ty K,_.,f. ..,.,j,,4u.
}:'"lqrn {I) 1 ('l) :. 21/0
-.m
=s:"('W1- IS)
: C'Z}
.. 1zo m ='ioo m-12000 .. 1Zt>oo=8o... ?111::: 1so lit>I , F-"fnl'I tlJ : p(ff1161. ::: 2.lf t>Jl.1541<, ....r...,.,1,
=(2.'1oXl5"0) + 1S =480 JO"l.4tAJ
309
. T = { -mv" ... 51 Xf-8::: -fx Bo v'"

... Vt.= 12.zs
.. v =-3.S .,.,,/Al..
M?C'1of""
11"4 /.,Me. =-w = 5 ...
>1d =
24 =
1<3 "
tn pa.
5 )((). O
,,AL
V= 1a.60
=73Sc
O.
.....
/'2.
xi= 350~/,.u. .~ T:-J;uJ.Jz.X(35oi
j :::J,. +'/vi: 1S' K/ .J.-m
@11.,.: (!51>J +lUJo).,_::::l1Soo ... T= ~ - v -z.

15x16~= -t.,,,,x62soo .. 7":.t,IOO,...
1
: c.J..p. ;.,,. .,,.,,,.,.. =..,., [\Ii - V, ]
'1'10 0
:75( Y2.-l-+oJJ :. V-a+4'1 = , 4
... V..= Zif -I.ML, 1!=.f;.x15X(i/oi'-='"DHlll;f '

'!;. i,K 1:it.2+l= 21loo t1n.3.. 7;-T,=- 33//00Vlj
=
(j) v, ...::::.t3oJ -rlloJ..,_= t3oo . 7l:::ixo.J1J.'1J10,
"1_Cfi'-+ l l1Ji.=3'1t> 'Ji.=-:/.xmx 310 @c;, ~z= a.xf.8 x 'B'.I :158.:"~.7/=t,,,,,'1,,
.. 'l!; 7l ... (). 31J<13DO =370?r1 ..WI: 7.3K,.
= -t )(0.3txl58.1tjcJ,,+ '18=2-'"'12k'/ '"'1Pf
cii) ..
ll1+ 245 .... "= IJ,."L- 2.K'l.6 X 3. 6
'""'v=112 .. f""V ?.=6")( f.1J . (2J ..{i-;14.Sl . ~-=iX6.3tX1D .S6 JMl + f.g
::at.15'2 Kt. 1-.
7:,.- 'll =-1 4+ k"3.wt._
J)~Jt. { V= 7 .. V= l"t-m/,,A.l.C. '
1
yi.="
U),
F-'ltttM
(J) ~ /J,
"7M ::
11 2. .,,,..
(f) 1'., 1"4?' ~

.:::2. ~xis= 'c
... a4x 1s ='ov . . .
= tr K.J.
V..c """1' .,..J.f.M,.,F='f'
x3..,f. 1 ._. fnJtll. = F'xV
V-=3o"">o?/M.c . .
7=-f"'v,,_
=-t.x2-t10A(3ol j"""'- = 108 x11/'imJ.. ~36.XllJ

3 k.:ttrWAll. ll'WA-
=().
40
-w1 :.
IO
ofK.E.: Z.~ =FXS'
2 ..
1:= 1'3=1-'2..
.-.
12-T =
..
T:3.'f2.j"4Ja
0
.J.
0
'1.
'Z.
--i-m1'.... :=J.f2.
. 2. )f. , , , ~
3-12 "=-0.04
<lft-~}(~-"f) :.500fJO {2.h

.~ ~-1' :/IJO .
.. :z.v, =t.oo
~ ~ II)
'
.. ~ =300 c-/.AU Iii= 200 c-e/AA.&..
3'"1/.MG ,
:::..
2. "M /,4U'..
@0.02 ~ 60. 3 + o :(0.02.+Jd V :. i/:::::tJ.Jm/.Aec
.. 7;:::: f xo.01x(60.3/+ o =36.

Tz.=fx4-o2 x(o.3)-i =o~t8of./
.. l#'OI- k.&.
:.'J?-T,.
.. '& =0. 'Z- ?If ~c
=2o o- /,44..c.
=36. 36o'f-0.18fif=36./8jmd..
@T-7; =:f:.x1Soo[p-O'ti1J =-141tJtJOj~

-i;-f.g =-1$000 K$""1""'
:T-7;; :-r'XS
.-. /.tr.J,f K.1.f.,,,/SllJOAf.f.._
..-/$()()() =-3ooS
... s':50-m
""=(3x-fr= -ml,,tw.. 1 Y=31.5X-fi=if'-wr~
:i.,.. ( vL.> =-txs'.-.ixuoooo[(\f)-Z...(~]
@LJ 1'1L.~ ~ ~J,N.~J lu
'Zh.
~ ../.M. f:w-1 b.e. t- ,tlJ, .... ~ r~
=r+2,A.Lc.
~a~/ S:::: J Xf-f-1.

l I)
-....."' .....X.
l/U.{!f: .S:: llXf:::: IO{r+Z)
... (2)
-;;;;;;,oJ ,r2; .. t+if?..=/tJl+u .. t'!:..11t-4'0=0
..(t'-2o)(t"+'Z..)=o ..
. zG...z!!d.nA~
~ ~ a.jfiA.
ZO,AM...
-f ..
,.,.
=U '-/..AAL : t'r)1'1tt~y. . =c7"1+?1>1~JV

.. ( Xlo+5)(21 =II V :. V=
... t; =ix 6x(10J?.+ ix 5'x.c21i1 =
4_ X llX(ls/'-:::: 1'2.31.5 ~
.-. ~- 7;::: ll/02.S-1231'. ::: 165 ~
'11.=
::::- Y X
!/ )(/IJOO
131.:J.5+ V~
~~ (V- i/)(V+ V) =II
.. 'J?- IJl:::. /SD.,

:11J.:;s
v-v=
.-. z.V:::IO
(ti/ v
'ixl.J.5 A3136-o=1'1.6
ISllOJtj.111/.
5
... -.l.t;t.lo =-'l"X'i/00
:. Y= ~oo
: 1;_-T,= - 4 XltJS
5
.-. 16XllJ 1;:::-4Xlt:fi' .-. T,'::: 20J<ID
..,f.wt.
:-r'XS
.. f-m J{Z.::::: 2.() )( /(15tt'/.8 J~

5
KJ.
i...c.
-i_X'/81100 '{z..= 2 X'IB XllJ ~ I{~ .f.oo:.

:. 0 _..1.'fYI v,'I.. = -.500){'/.8f
'Z.
'1=2o.Y.-
"
,,..
..LxfSot:n:>X/;(J(J
::-.:JtJoX'l8 S " S
'&-
='tooo,,,,,
= wJ ~ '3,j .n.W,,~u..
t?-4''l. = - rzz.s :. ""' = kt
UJ 0?11F/.AU. ,
@6x11J-z. V =6xt5' +2 V .. V+V=1S

T, ~f x6l1Df'+ {xi. v" = 3oo+Vi ,,,:' 2
~=fxtC15l+-txa v.,_ =
+ v
'("=./.If 1tJON .f-"f.f:
'f'//in :: ..!:iJ!!
-::: 1 5 Kfl.
wf.
2CO
I
v = f xz oo =-to .,,.,, /~
.: -txo.ol.5 (16oo-4tJf>ooJ =-YKo.32.

:.b.32Y=ZBB
'f::::'ffJON
' @-t <v~.a'J
3 1J
&-{>(.>;+ 1C .$,.J
" ' f :{r, V= , S,=>, S,.
~~
J
4
~!' \ 1~ w4, T- x =<"'f-rJ s

.
'C ..o-4 l?IS =l2SJC f.1-fo x. S -11'/S~B~.s.1
0
',.._. 4ew. -1-2.C-
:.f.,,1 (o-a.'lJ=-("tXZ+fiXZ) (I)
'
:. S
= 11 . 2
">n
;itc.2~~ V::o ,51::1, S,_= if

"""' (0 - 1.) =-(ftX1.t+71XI) ~2)
f:"Fd"t (/J' (2.) ... 2 "i + 2 7''l =" ~ +l'j ... 1'i :: z ~
=2.0 c,..,
10
@aJ v =o+zxf-BXO.f .. V= +.z -w1/,,u.c.

1
@: -f -mtv'-.1.1.2) =-rxs ~._ tJ.~ZS[t;'4)!.(Jj4)'l.]
t
I
~: 2/IJ Xit2 +o =(210+//10) Y

.. V=2sz.,.,,/,At.C.. ... 7;=i_x3~ox(2.srJ\:1111.32jid.
<iiJ4o/K.. = -:i.X2/1J.)(i/.2i'-tx~S0!(2S1.i'=- "r,xo. II( . \ 11=62..) N:.Y'z.='Z.SJ</=SoN, =1852.2-1111-32= 740.$8~

o.o:~ [ao/~OoJ1'] =-5'/J S .. S:tJ.lt.s,.,, ::/2S1 (iii) I~ un.:tl.: T- T, ::{'11/-r'),S
:. o- 111132 :(35oX'l.3-1')X (), 18. 0 -'18 ~ .J-.
..
=
V=81xf; =. !Jf _,u.c> -t/14 3430-f :. Y='l6ot,N-nB- 'b J
.1/$ ~IO=,,, KJ ,J.'
~ . "'=21x;j !.f....~,
I
-=.a.
,4-.e.J K.E.
::: T-To = i_.._tv2-a";=-i~UtStJ[(fl{Jz-(JiJ'l]
=551 z $()J~-:- '1.8= 5(, 2501<3.J

'
-m. ,
.. T-'1; =CJ=-?')S ..... 56ZSo =<F-lf6Jx'f

.. F-lf6 = 6250 :. F =(44( kg.wl-.
@: T-7;, =CF- r) S' ../l11xf.B- o:(F- 'f) 3Zo

J),W,ilt "1320 :. F-r=SX'l-8K .F-f=S (I~
: T-7; =-~.s' .-..(1/StJ-l,~O);<f.t::-'f' JI. ISO
.. t
= 3 X'l8 II:.3 Kf J , f JllhH OJ.. F=8 K3 .- f
@IYn' ~ '1 ~tllAJL.=-3ooo x:i.i,s

=-13500 '1-f,,,,,.,, : 1~J
f .
=Wtnl< #'nu.. ~ nual/;..,f=41111.I """'~UL /IML
-AAJJ "'""- ~..j'fA...t...CA..
.... 11315=14/tl&A., F- "/-35'40
... "4/"'' h.y -;t : 1a 11s+1!soo = 'lla1s,_.1: .
I(.
:. 'Ill 7S =F ~2'fSJ<a?iO
.. F'= 7SdlJ
f<J.,,,,f.
:'>"'(Vz-V,) :(F-'f) X {- : . 35(5.,-0):{/2-t>ri.Jt
. .. t-- .,J .s.cc.
313
III
DIFFERENTIAL
AND
INTEGRAL
CALCULUS
315
316
EXCERCISE (1)
Evaluate each of the following limits

(1)
...
(3)
(5)
...
(7)
...
(9)
...
(11)
...
(2x 3 -5x 2 + 7x + 4)[14]
lim
x -
lim
x--7
~9-x 2
{5
lim
x--?>o
(Tan x + sec x)
2x-8
-16
lim
x --74
lim
8x
X--i>'312
X--79
lim
(15) ...
x--71
(17) .
x--i>'-J
(19) ...
x--75
Lim
[l]
(6)
. . . X--71!
27
+ 3x-9
-
-2
x+1
lim
x 3 -x 2 +5x-5
lim
(8)
(10)
(12)
x-9
(14)
[3]
(16)
[-.!..]
(18)
[12]
: x--71114
.:
...
...
...
(3)
(5)
...
-625
x-5
Lim
... ...
lim
Lim
X~3
32
+ 2187
+ 27
(2)
20}
---'?-!
(20) ... x -lim

-73
each of the following limits

lim (xn- an!x-a) = na n-1 or its corollary
x--7
~-J
... x
x--?>a
(1)
lim
--1
23
x+
(4)
1!!..1
-19x-14
...
[2]
2x 2 - 9x-35
lim
X--i>'7
(13) ...
Evaluate
(2)
(4)
(6)
...
...
...
using
the
theorem
317
(7)
(9)
..
..
xs-:rs
lim
[45]
X--3
x-9- g-9
5
1
4x - 8
3
3x--
Lim
X - - 112
12-1
12
(8)
..
(10) ...
lim
X--1
lim
X--1
1912 112
-x
912
x -x 112
x 3-
Txx
l~l
4
[8]
xYx-x
(11) .
..
(12) .
..
(13) .
..
(14) .
..
(15) .
..
(x17 + 1) (x 9 +
lim
x---1
lim
1)
[153]
+ 2x + 1
(f;-1) (8{; -1)
[_!_]
x-2...(;+1
JO
X--1
Lim
(2x-3) 5 -243
x-3
[810]
lim
5../4-x -1
x-3
I:::!_ 1
3../ 3x + 8 -2
x
t.!... 1
X--3
X--3
lim
X-- 0
(2 + 3h/ - 256
Lim
(16) . h___,.
o
4h
[768]
h--o
lim
Vo-2h>7 -1
7h
r21 1
Lim
(2-x) 5 + 2x-3
x-1
[-3]
(17) .
..
(18) .
..
(19) .
..
(20) .
..
X--1
Lim
X--1
Lim
X-- 3
Tx-4
33{; +
x-1
[~]
x 3 (x - 2) 5 - 27
x-3
[162]
E valuate each of the
followin~
lim (sin x Ix) = 1 as x

(1)
----?
limits
the theorem :
0 and its corollary.
sin Bx as x--70
_. l im -
4x
usin~
[2]
318
[2]
(2)
:lim
(3)
... lim
(4)
:lim Sin
(5)
... lim
(6)
:lim
(7)
:lim
(8)
.:lim
cot x
1C12-x
as
(9)
:lim
1C/2-x
cos x
as
(10)
: lim
x (cot 2x + cosec 3x) as
(11)
... l'zm
xsin -3
x
(12)
.:lim
x sin 3x
as
sin 5x tan 2x
(13)
:lim
4x +sin 9x-Tan 7x
sin 2x
asx~O
[3]
(14)
:lim
5x +Tan 2x
sin 3x-Tan x
asx~O
(!.. ]
(15)
.:lim
1-cos 2x
x2
x~O
as
Tan (x/2)
15 . x
sin- as
5
x
2 (x-5)
x-5
Sin 5x as
Tan3x
'
Sin (x-3)
x-3
[3]
x~O
as
x~5
11-1
x~O
as
x~3
15 x 2 cosec 3x cot 5x as
x~O
[1]
[I]
x~1C/2
x~O
11.1
6
[3]
x~oo
as
[OJ
[I]
x~1C/2
as
[2]
x~O
l.l_J
JO
2
x~O
[2]
I EXERCISE (2) I
319
Discussion ef the Limit Existence At a point
Discuss the limit extistence of each of the followingfun,ctions at the given points:
Vx
(1)
: F(x)= x +
(2)
: F (x)
ys-::;
(3)
: F (x)
-v4-x2-
(4)
: F (x) =
at
(5)
and at x
=1
at x = 1 , at x = 5 , at x
at X =-2, X
=0
[O I 2]
=9
[2 , 0 , does not exist]
X= 2
[O I 2 I OJ
V5 + 4x-x2 at x =-1 , x = 2 , x = 5
3
: F (x)
=0
=
{
2~- ~
when
x<1
when
X>1
[O I 3 I OJ
atx = 1
I
[Does not exist]
(6)
(7)
I
I
' Fix!
= {
3
- x + 2 , when
2
x<2
, when
x>2
3-2x
when
x<l
when
x>1
4
-3 x - 5 , when
x<3
(9)
<10>
<11>
I
I
[5]
' F (x) = {
atx = 1
4x-3
(8)
at x = 2
' F (x) = {
={
atx = 3
7--x
3
3
4- -2 x
' Fix!
5
-X
2
when
x>3
when
x<l
when
x~l
3-2x
, when
x<O
3
2x+ 1
when
x>O
[Does not exist]
' F (x) = {
x 2 -2
, when
' F (x) = {
7- 4x
{1]
when
X<
atx
=1
[~]
atx
=0
[3]
atx
-23
3
X> -
3
2
[Does not exist]
(12). : F (x) =
3x + 7
:::;
s-l(13). : F
(14). : F
(15). : F
(16). : F
when
2x , when
=L
x >-2
[OJ
{_
, when
-4
, when
{
{
0
()
---~
x
1
(17)
: F
, when
={
ii/
when
-4
(18) . F
'
when
-]
(20).
[1
Existence of the Limit
Fi
I ' F (x)
(21)
-2
I : F(x)
< 5
x-5
= {
when
x >5
~,when
x < 1
4- - x
4
,(22)
when
x2 - !..
when x >
7
: F(x) .= 3 Ix I - x + 5 at x = 0
3
: F (x) = l2x- 3 I + 5 - 2x
at x =
2
: F (x) = Sx - f3 - x I at x = 3
'.: F (x) = 3x + 4 - Ix - 5 I at x = 5
I
(24) I
I
(26) I
(25)
l,
I
(27)
I : F (x) =
x2
(28)
I: F(x)=
(29)
(30)
at x
=0
12x- 31
+ 5
atx
= -2
I :F (x) = ...U.:..1
x
2-
at x
=0
I : F (x)
2x- 3
1x I
x 1x I+
atx
=1
{-]
[5]
[2]
[15]
[19]
[8]
, when
x < 0
x > 0
at x =
!.:.!
+ 3
1x31
4x +
: F (x) =
when
at x
[4]
[4]
=0
[4]
when
<
: F (x) =
atx = 2
{
3 .
7
3 - x Ix - 2 I
(32)
r2-1
4
(31)
=5
(23)
atx
2x2 - 7x + 6 ,
when
>
[Does not exist]
lx-21
(33)
F (x)
Ix + 3 I
Ix- 5
at x =-3, 0, S
(X:+1) 2 + 3, when x < 0

(34).. : F (x) = sin 4 x
h
- - - , wen x > 0
x
(35).. : F (x)
Tan 5 x
- - - , when x < 0
x
5
- - , when x > 0
x +I
Sin
(36) . . : F(x)=
at x = 0
[4]
atx
=0
[ 5]
atx
=0
[9]
, when x < 0
7 + 2 cos x, when x > 0
[-8, -2, BJ
Sin (x -1) 2
(37)1.: F (x)
x - 1
3-2 x
, when x < 1 t
ax= 1
, when x > 1
Tan 7 x
.
, when x < 0
(38) . . : F (x) = sin 4 "
(3 + 4 cos x) I 4 , when x > 0
.
[does not exist]
atx=O
[OJ
x;t:3atx=3
(40) . . : F (x)
(41) . . : F (x)
[7/4]
Tan x-5 x
3 x + sin x ' when x < O at x
3 cos x - 4 , when x > 0
=0
3 - 2 sin x , when x < n I 2

cos x
- - - - , when x > n I 2
atx=n/2
[-11
[1]
n I 2 -x
5 - 2 x, when-1 < x < 2
(42) . . : F (x)
8
when 2 < x < 5
3x+2'
[7,1,-J
at x =-1, 2, 5
17
= 1 4 tan
x
x , when - !!_ < x < O

4
3 + cos 4 x , when 0 < x < n /4
at x =-nl 4, x 0, x =n/ 4
: F (x)
(44) . . : F (x)
[ 16/n, 4, 2]
sin 3 (x- n)
_ _ _ __;_ , when n/2 < x < n
x -n
2 - cos x , when n < x < 2 n
atx=1Tl2,n,2n
l-2 In; 3, 1 J
~I
EXERCISE (3)
Continuity of Real Functions
Continuity of a Function at a Point.

Discuss the continuity of each of the following functions at the given points:
(1)
F (x)
=x3-
3x 2 + Bx + 5
1: F(x) = sin2x+ cos5x
(2)
(3)
Ii
: F (x)
= Yx-:1
at x =-1
(4)
: F (x)
= Fx
at x
: F (x)
: F (x)
(5)
(6)
=1
at x
=2
[Cont.]
[Cont.]
atx= 0
and
at x
=3
[Cont, Cont.]
and
at x
=5
[Cont, Cont.]
V4-x at x = 5
v9-x2
[Cont.]
at x =-3, at x
=0,
=3,
at x
at x
=4
[Cont, cont, cont, discont]
(7)
I ' F (x) = {
2x
x- 3
4
(8)
'F(x)
={
, when
, when
I
2x2 + Sx-7
I
(9)
' F (x)
={
3x- 3
3
(10)
I ' F (x) = {
'
x3-
8
2x2- x- 6
=3
at x
at x
=1
atx
=2
[Dis Cont.)
atx
=2
[Cont.]
2
3
= -2
when
;ot
[discont.]
when
[Cont.]
=1
[Cont.]
x2
when
=2
, when
;ot
at x
3
;ot
when
, when
;ot
when x :: 3
4x2- 9
2x- 3
x5- 32
(11)
' F (x) = {
x 7 - 128
5
28
when
=2
a
~2x + 1 -3
(12)
x-4
I: F(x) =
whenx 4
1
3
~3x-5
-r;-:;l
x -9
5
12
(14) . . . F(x)=
12
2
3
(18)
I : F (x) =
(19) : F (x) =
[Cont.]
atx=1t
[Dis Cont.]
atx= !!...
[Cont.]
whenx = n
when x Tr/2
when x = Tr/2
3x .
atx= 0
whenx ;1:n
Cos ;
[Dis Cont.]
when x = 0
Cotx
atx= 0
when x 0
'
5
3
[Cont.]
when x = 0
Tan (xi 3J
Sin (xi 5)
= 15mx
n-x
atx=O
whenx;t:O
when x 0
(17) . . . F(x)
[Dis Cont.]
when x = 0
3x
Tan2x
(16) . : F(x) =
atx=3
whenx3
whenx = 3
- sin x
x
7
. 14
(15) 1:F(x)=
[Cont.]
whenx = 4
(13) . . . F(x)=
atx=4
Sin
x T:n x
when x 0
atx=O
[Dis Cont.]
atx=O
[Cont.]
when x = 0
12 (1- ~ou)
(20) . : F(x)=
x
1
'
when x 0
whenx
=0
(325)
Continuity
2
(21)
I : F (x)
I : F (x)
(22)
"
"
, when
when
x > 1
5-2x
when
x <-1
3x + 7
when
when
x < 2
=1
at x =-1
4
x+
, when
when
when
[Dis Cont.]
[Cont.]
at x
x >
=2
= {
7-2x
[Cont.]
~-1
at x
(6-:l-)
I : F (x)
.!_
(24)
at x
I : F (x) = {
(23)
(7- 4x)
[Cont.]
(25)
I : F (x)
3x
" {
(26)
I : F (x) ~
.!__
x <-2
when
~-2
, when
~-1
at x =-2
2
7-Sx
x3
when
at x =-1
when
[Disont.J
[Cont.]
x >-1
x + 3
(27)
.:.. (3:x2- + 4)
F (x) = {
, when
2x
x-1
2x
(2S)
I : F (x)
1-x2
" {
(3x2-- 8)
when
x > 1
when
x !:,-2
when
x >-2
at x
=1
at x
=-2
[Dis Cont.]
[Cont.]
5-2 sin x
(29)
: F(x) =
'
3 cos x
4-3 sin x
(30)
: F(x) =
1(1C 12-x)/cos x
x <0
x~O
atx= 0
[Discont]
x > 1Cl2
at x =1tt2
[Cont]
[3
Continuity
(2x-V 2 + 3
(31)
, when
-2
I : F (x) =
2
-3
-2
x +
atx = 1
'
(7-2x)
: F (x)
'
x-2
atx =2
I '
F (x)
x~3
I
(36> I
(37) I
(38) I
(39) I
(40) I
F (x)
when
2< x < 3
F (x) =
F (x)
F(x) =
I '
x +2
at
3 I + 7 - 2x
Ix -
9 + 4x -
x2 - 2
F (x)
Ix
I3-
21
xI
+ 4
lx-11
at x = 1
I ' F Ix) = {
=0
+ 5
(Cont.
at x =-1
{Cont.
at x
=2
{Cont.
at x
=3
[Cont
at x =-2
[Cont.
when
, when
X #
x
x
when
atx
=2
atx
=1
=2
"#
{Dis
Conl
x-1
5
{Cont.
{Cont.
, when
3
(Cont.j
+ 2I + 5
= { Ix- 21
=2
x~1
when
at x =
3x + 8 - 2 Ix + 1 I
(42)
atx
x< 1
F (x)
F Ix)
x < 2
, when
- -x2-1
- - , w e hn
x -2
(41)
{Discont., Cont.]
~-2
I 2x -
x ~ 2
= {
= I 2x I -
.s
when
2
3x -21xl+ 7 ,
(35)
[Discont., Cont.]
, F<x>
when
5
+ - , when
x-- -lxl
<34> I
1< x < 3
and at x= 3
3
x - 8
3x2-sx-2
={
when
x~3
x2-x+3
(33)
and at x=3
<32>
.s
=1
{Cont
[32fJ
<43> I
<">I
Continuity
F (x)
F (x)
Ix I +
, when
.s
=0
[Cont.]
at x = 0
[Discont.]
at x
lxl
, when
x > 0
, when
;II!
when
=0
when
;II!
x2+3lxl
2x
5
2
(45> 1
(46> 1
<4n I
<48> I
(49)
F (x) =
F (x) =
F (x)
: F (x)
I : F (x)
x2-3x-4
lx-41
at x
, when
lx-31
Ix I- 9
xlx-21-x
+2
when
[Cont]
x ?. 3
x
, when
;II!
2
atx
,
x
when
x = 2
when
x < 1
when
x ?. 1
1- x2
s- 4
[Cont., Cont.]
X=S
at x = 3
3
x7-
at x = 1 [Discont.Cont]
x < 3
21
Ix-
= 4,
x = 4
at x =-3 , at
Ix-SI
x2- 9
when
Ix + 3 I
13-x
at x
=2
[Discont]
=1
[Cont]
Redefine the following functions such that each becomes continuous at the
indicated point:
(50)
I : F (x) =
2x2- x- 3
I : F (x) =
x3-
3
5
[F(-) = - ]
2
12
x=
at
x=1
[F(1)
at
x =-2
[F (-2)
=-14]
at
x = 1
[F(1)
= -1
2
at
=3
[F(3)
4x2- 9
(51)
-32
at
= -1
7
2x2 + 3x- 5
(52)
(53)
(54)
I : F (x) =
I : F (x) =
x7
+ 128
x4 -
16
+!-2
fX -
- F+i
I : F (x) = f2X+3 x-3
-1
6
: F (x)
=I.
(56)
: F (x)
=(; - x) Cosec (n - 2x)
(57)
: F (x)
= Tan (x - 2)
(58)
: F (x)
(59)
:F(x)
(60)
.:F(x)=
(61)
.:F(x)=
[F(O)
atx=O
Sin!..
2
(55)
=!E.2
atx
= Tan 5x
Sin Bx
= 1 - Cos x
xTanx
{;+7 .J
{;"".;2 - 2
~ -l
1-x
[F( !.)
2
(63)
: If F(x)
[F(2) =OJ
atx=O
[F(O) = ~]
atx=O
[F(o)
=.!_]
2
atx=2
[F(2)
=!..]
atx= 1
[F(l)
=.!..j
[./2]
Sin 4x Cot 9x , x ~ 0
=.!_]
atx=2
7
7
(62) :IJF(x)= x 3 -a3 whenx~a,F(a)= 28 ,findthevalueofa.
-
x-2
= l.j
whenx
=0
=0 , find the value of m
is continuous at x
1
Tan 3x
(64)
: If
F(x)
=0
= 0 , find the value of a
Cos x
F(x)
x~O
when x
is continuous at x
(65) ... If
when
x Si: 2x
n - 2x
[!!.. ]
2
when x ~ !.
when x
= !.
2
is continuous at x
(66)
... If
I
x
F(x) =
=1tl'.2 , find the value of a
+bx+ 3
ax + b
is continuous at x
when x < 1
when x
= 1 , F( 1) =7 find values of a , b
{4' 3]
[229)
Continuity
Continuity of a Function on an Interval
Investigate the continuity of each of the following functions on its domain
(1)
(2)
(3)
;
(4)
: F (x)
= x3-
5x
[Cont. in R.]
+ 7x- 9
: F (x) =
[Cont in R- {
: F (x)
2x + 5
: F (x)
}]
(2x-3>2
[Cont in R- {..J, 5}]
x - 2x -15
x3 + 2
4
x - 5x2 + 4
[Cont in R- {-1, 1 , 2, -2}]
(5)
: F (x)
= Sx+~
(6)
: F (x)
V4 -x2
[Cont in [-2, 2)]
(7)
: F (x)
V6-x+x2
[Cont in l-3, 211
: F (x)
V(x-1)2
: F (x)
y2+1
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
[Cont in]-
oo ,
311
[Cont in Rl
+ 8
[Cont in R- (
~
2
2x - 3
=2 sin x +cos x
: F(x) =i sin 3x
: F(x) =Tanx
: F(x)
in R
[Cont.]
in R
[Cont.]
in R
[Discon!. at 1t12 + n1tj
x +cos x
(13) .:F(x)=
in R
[Cont. in
(14)
: F(x) =
in R
[Cont. in R-2n1t]
(15)
: F(x) =
sm x
sin 2x
I-cos x
I!..5
(8-Jx)
in R.
[Cont.]
in R .
[Cont.]
in R .
[Cont.]
when x 2 1
(16)
when x::; 2
'
: F(x) = 9-2x
2x 2 ~3 , when x > 2
(17)
: F(x) =
13-Jx-x 2
nrtj
when x 
: F Ix!
7
2
, when
-- x
={
.$
<19>
: F Ix!
<20>
={
x >
when
x < 1
3x 2 + 2
when
x 2:. 1
when
9- 2x
when
: F (x)
when
(22)
I ; F (x) =
3 -
(23)
I : F (x) =
4x + 9 -
(24)
I : F (x) =
:I-
I : F (x) =
(26) I : F (x) =
when - 1 < x < 2
when
I : F (x) =
2
x -
[Cont.]
on R
[Cont.}
on R
[Cont.]
on R
[Cont.]
on R
[Cont.]
on R
[Cont.]
+ 2
I : F (x)
I)
Ix - 2 I
j 2x - 3j
+8
when
(30)
+ 2
J:j +
={
lxl
5 -
4 +
!.:_I
x
[Discont at x = 2]
on R
Ix - 3 I
(28)
I3 - x I
[Cont.]
(x + 3 Ix
5- -
7 - 3x
= F (x)
On R
on R
Ix
+ 5
I : F (x) =
s. -1
J 2x -
(27)
<29>
(Cont.]
x +3
3x2- 4x
(25)
{Cont.}
2sxs3
1 ~ x < 2
when
= -1
x < 1
On (0, 3]
: F (x) =
OnR.
1- 3x 2
{Discont at x
x-3
x3 +
<21>
OnR.
when
2x-1
x + 3
when
on R.
[Cont.]
on R.
[Cont.]
=0
, when
I
x "'0
s.
when x > 0
(3 l) . . : F (x) = 13 x - 2 sin x , when x < n

3 n + cos x , when x c n
in R
[cont. in R-{ n}]
(32) . . : F (x)
(33) . . : F (x)
I
t
1 + cos 2 x, - n I 8 s x
tan 2 x
<
- - - , 0 <x_n 18
x
5 x- sin 3 x
x
2
in
Tr
,- 1
8
[cont.]
[cont.]
ln[-n/3,n/3]
(34). . : F (x)
Tr
--
3 sx <0
sx s n I3
when -
4 - 3 cos 2 x , when 0
when 0 s x < 1
when I s x < 2
when 2 sx s 3
3 x2 + 2
5
9-2 x
in[0,3]
[cont.]
2
(35). . : F (x)
when-I sx
3 x + n I2
sin n x
when 0 < x < 1
2x
cos ( n x I 3)
when 1
in[-1,3]
[cont. in [-1, 3 ]-{ 1}]
(36) . . : F (x)
(37). . : F (x)
+x-6
=2xI 2 xI
3
(38). . : F (x)
= Ix+ 3 j -
(39). . : F (x)
Ix2-x-12 I
on R
[cont.]
on R.
[ Discont at !_ ]
2
(40) . . : F (x)
x lx-2
ax + 7
jx-2
I+
I on R
(x-2) Ix I on R
[cont.]
[cont.]
when x <-1
x + m , when-1 s x < 2
3 x + a , when x ::? 2
,
is continuous in R, find the values of a , m.
[2,4]
EXCERCISE (4)
DIFFERENTIABILITY
Discuss differentiability o[ each

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
F (x)
= ~
F (x)
3x +
F (x)
F (x)
: F (x)
=3
[Not differentiable]
{2'x
at x
=0
30
at x
=1
(x + 2)3
at x :::::-2
when
={
when
x2- 3
: F (x)
x2
={
(9)
: F (x)
when
.s.
, when
(10). : F (x)
={
5-
x2
(12) : F (x)
={
x2 -
!xi
at x
=0
at x
=1
[F' (1) = 5]
.$.
at x
=1
at x
=1
[F' (1) =-2]
when x > 1
x2
when
x < 2
at x
4x + 11 /
+ 3
(13).
F (x) =
Vx 2 -
(14).
F (x) =
v'25 - 20x + 4x2
(15).
F (x) =
(16).
F (x)
:::::
(17).
F (x)
:::::
<x~
(18).
F (x)
;;::;
6x + 9
I xi - s
Ix- sl
- 4
when x
at x
=0
at x = 3
at x
Ix - s 1
=2
[F' (2)
= OJ
~ 2
= -5
2
at x = 0
s> Ix- sl
Ix - s 12
= 4]
x < 1
, when
I
3 + 4x-
(11). : f(x)
when x
4x + 7
[F' (2)
={
x2-
=2
x < 1
when x
2x + 3
at x
when x > 0
+ 3x + 4
x2- 2x + 5
=1
when x > 2
5x + 3
at x
:F(x)={
2x + 1
(8)
.s.
, when
3x2 + 1
(7)
when x > 1
4x- 7
: F (x)
.s.
={
5
(6)
of the [ollowins.functions at the indicated 1!.oint:
at x
3x + 2
(5)
[F' (0)
= OJ
at x
=5
at x
=5
[F' (5) = OJ
at x = 5
[iii)
119>
Differentiability
<20> 1
<21> I
={
' F (x)
={
' F (x)
' F(x)
=1
at x
<23> I
, when x
=0
*2
, when
3x lxl + 8
, when
+ 5
4- x2
, when
x > 0
, when
x < 1
x (x-
and
, when
1)
=0
= OJ
[F' (-0)
at x = 2
[F'(2) = OJ
at x = 0
[F' (0)
= OJ
when 1s;xs;_3
5x- 9
x > 3
=3
[Not differentiable, F' (3) = SJ
x2-- x + 3 , when
' Fix)
at x
+ 7 , when
3x
*0
1x-2r
x-2
Txr
<22>
, when
I , F<x> = {
x < 1
={
[F' (2) = OJ
5-13-xl, when x .;a 1
at x = 1
<24> I
<2s> I
F (x)
'Fix)=
and
lx2-+x-61
' F Ix) =
at x
{F' (1)
=2,
at x
= -3
=1 ,
Not diff.J
[Not diff., Not diff.J
, when x < 0
when x
=0
, when x > 0
and the function g (x)
<26> I
x = 3
1
0
and the function G (x)
=x
F (x) discuss differentiability of g (x) at x =0
[Notdiff.J
, when x <-1
when - 1 s;. x
, when x > 0
=x
F (x) discuss differentiability of G (x) at x =-1 and at x
=0
[Not diff., G' (o) =OJ
Differentiability
(27)
i ' F (x) = {
x2
+ ax + 9
, when
x < 2
7 - 2x
, when x
is continuous at x = 2 , find the value of a, then discuss differentiability of F (x) at x
=2
[a =-5 , Not diff.J
(28)
i ' F (x)
3 -
= {
, when
-X
when x > 1
2x
is continuous at x
= 1 , find the value of a, then discuss differentiability of
F (x) at x
=1
[F' (1) = _..:_ ]

2
(29)
i ' F (x)
x2
+ a
, when
x < 1
= {
F(1) =-1
m - ax
, when x > 1
is continuous at x = 1 , find the value of a, m then discuss differentiability of F (x)
at x
=1
[a = -2, m =-3, F' (1) = 2J
ax (30)
x2
when
s.
' F (x) , {
x2
is continuous at x
+ bx + 2
when x > 1
= 1 , and the average rate of change of F (x) equals
when x changes
from x = 0 to x = 3 , find the values of a , b , then discuss differentiability of F at x
=1
[a = 3, b =-1, F' (1)
=1]
13351
Revision of the Fundamental
Rules of Differentiation
EXCERCISE (5)
(i) The derivative of the aliebraic sum of finite number of functions

Find the first derivative of each of the following functions :
-(-1)--.-.. F(x) =15-9x + 3x 2 -2x 3
(2)
I. F (x) = J1 x 3 - '21 x 2 + x -5
(3)
.
. F (x)
(4)
2x 5
x7 5
.
4x
. F(x)=---+--.
3
5
7
9
(S)
7 2x-1 - -3 x-2 +-x

5 -3
1: F (x ) =-2
4
3
(6)
. . . F(x)=
, x :rtO
(7)
, x :rtO
(8)
I : F (x) = 4x 2 -
(9)
. . . F(x) = 2 V-44.f7 + 8
-----.
6
= -3x8- 2
- x
4
35
5
+ - x - 39
x -7x 3 +3x -5x+1

x4
4
8
2
3
5
3
: F (x) = 3x - 5x + 6x
-3
(10)
, x :rtO
: F (x)
.
(11) . F (x)
6x
= 4 v;
x= 3x ..[;
x -
+~
,x> 0
,x> 0
-2- + 12
x{;
,x> 0
5x
4 ..[;
+..[;
x
,x> 0
Find the derived function F' for each of the following functions
and determine its domain:
. (12) 1:F(x)=
13
7
2x '+ 2
3x + 2
(13)
(14)
(15)
: F(x) =
I,,_
4, + 5
4x-x 2 - 3
: F (x) = x Ix I+ 2
I: F (x) =x
-3 I x I + 8
(16) .:F(x)=xlx-51+2
. whenx <1
onR
. when x 1
. whenx S2 onR
[R]
e!
[R]
, when x > 2
onR
[R]
onR
[R -{OJ]
onR
[R- {5}]
(17) : If the function F(x) =

---
lx +a
bx-3
when x
~1
, whenx> 1
=I . Find the values of a , b
is differentiable at x
(18) : If the function F (x)

--,.;;;;;;;;,,
l
I
mx
2
-
ax+ 15
a + 9x - x 2
[-2' 2]
when x < 2
, when x
=2 . Find the values of m , a
is differentiable at x
(19) : If the function F(x) =

---
ax 2 +bx+ c
7x-c
,
,
[2, 3]
whenx ~2
when x > 2
is differentiable at x 2 , and the average rate of change of this fanction, when

[ 1 , 3 , 2]
x changes from x 1 to x 3 is 6.5 find the values of a , b, c.
(ii) Derivative of the product of two function :

3
(1)
.:F(x)=(2x+3)(1-2x+x
(2)
: F(x)
(3)0~1,
(4)
(5)
=(3x2 -1) (:x2 -5x + 2)

2
2
: F(x) =(2x + 3x + 1) (x - 2x + 3)
: F(x) =x2 (i + 1) (x3 ~ 4)
2
2
: F(x) =(x + 3) (2x + 5) (3x2 + 7)
(iii) Derivative of the guotient of two functions
Find the derivative of the following fanctions, and determine values of x at

which the fanction is not differentiable.
(1)
. . . F(x)= _ 7 _
2x-3
fx =
LJ
(2)
.:F(x)=
(3)
= 2x- 5
[x=
i]
(4)
.:F(x)=
(5).
(6)
: F (x)
3x-4
: F(x)
: F (x)
[x=2]
2 1-x
x +x +1
[None]
2-x
x -9
(x -3) (2x + 1)
[-.!..,
x (x + 1)
(x-1) (2x-3)
3
[-,
1J
3]
[ Revision on the Chain Rule J
EXCERCISE (6)
Find
(1)
~ ~ for each of the following :
---
---.
2x
:y
= _E_
---
(5)
___
__ ..
x-1
18
(5-2x/
Z 2 - 5Z + 7 ' Z = 2
l x 4- 2 ' fi'nd dx
dy
/r;:
j y =
, then prove that

.
--(6)
[l]
~3
Z = x + 2 , x ::;t: 1 prove that:
Z- 3
dy
. dx
[2 (4x + 7)]
I
_C_J_)-- y - 3Z + 2 ' Z = I -3x ' x
(4)
3
2
[15x(x-2) (x-3x
+7)]
whereZ=x -Jx +7
: y = Z + 5Z-9 , Z =2x + 1
----(2)
,....5
. :y=L
dy + 9 !!!:...-2x
dx
dt
=o
2
.. /fy =Z +l , Z=2u-l , u=x-x+l
=4 (2x- l) (2x2-2x + 1)
prove that : dy
dx
------
: F(x)
(8)
3
4
: F(x) = (x + 4x + 9)
(9)
.. F(x)
--(10)
. (11)
[4(3x2 +4) (x +4x+9/ J
=(1+2xf;/
: F (x) =
: F(x)
[6(2x.-3) (x~3x+2/ J
=(x2-3x + 2;6
(7)
[21...{; (1+2x ...{;; 'x > o]
(2x-3/
I
(3-5x-2x 2 ) 5
[5 (5 + 4x) (3-5x-2x
r'x
2 6
I
2
::;f: -
::;f:
-3]
-1
[x(x 2 +9) Tin R]
-1
(13) : F (x)
= ~x 2
+ 2x -3
[(x
+ 1) (x 2 + 2x-3) T in R-f-3, 1f]
[l..(2x+l)(x 2 +x+l) 2 inR]
2
3
(14) .:F(x)=~(x +x+l)
2
3
(15) .:F(x)= 4./(5+4x-x
(!_
(2-x) (5 + 4x-x ) 4 in [-1, 5]}

2
-4
[-1- (1+4x) (3-x-2x
(16) : F(x) =
2
94(3-x-2x ) 5
9 in R-.(1, - 3 }J
2
-3
(17) . . . F(x)=
f-3x (x + 1) T in R]
fx 2 +1
-5
(18) . . . F(x)=
3,/(3 +
[12(x- l) (3 + 2x-x
2x-x 2 ) 2
3 in R- (-1, 3} J

3
(19) : F(x) =x (2-3xJ4
[3x2 (2-3x/ (2-7x)]
(20) : F(x)
=(x-3) 2 (4-3x) 3
[5 (x-3) (7-3x) (4-3x) 2 ]
(21) : F(x)
=(2x-l) 4 (x + 1)5
[3(6x + 1)(2x-l/ (x+l/]
(22) : F(x)
=(6x + 1/ (x- 7F5
, x:F7
(23)
=( 2x + 3 J8
'X:F-
5
2
[128 (2x+3/ (5-2x[
, x:FO
[-3x-4 (9+x2 )(9-x2 )2 ]
: F (x)
5-2x
(24) :F(xJ=<~r
[-(173+6x)(6x+l/ (x-7[ 6]
9
9-x
(25)
: F.(x)
= (1-x)
2
,X:F-
2-3x
(26) .:F(x)=
(27)
: F (x)
5x
(5x-4) 3
4
(1- 2x)
(2x + 3)3
4
,X:F5
3
, x:F--
[3(2x- l) (J-x)2 (2-3xF 1

f-5x (5x+8)(54) 4 ]
[-2(2x+ 15)(1-2x/ (2x+ 3T
Find the first derivative of each of the following functions at the

indicated ]Joint :
(28)
I: F (x) =x ~x
+5
atx=2
[1313]
(29)
: F (x)
= ~2x + 3
: F(x) =
(30)
x-1
2
+1
vx
[-~]
atx = 3
atx=O
[l]
atx= 1
1l-1
at x =0
[l]
(31) : F (x) =-==x==___

V3x +6
2
+x +\
1-x + x
(32)
: F (x) =
(33)
: lfy = (5-2Z/ , Z = x + 2x + 7, find
(34)
: lfy
(35)
If y = h
(36)
If. Y = (
_ _.;;;;;m.
---
=(Z2 + l/, Z =x{;, find

+Z
2Z- 1 )
2
+l
z
2
Z= .!....x
3
,
dy
dx
dy
dx
when x
, find dx
dy when x
2t- 1
[36]
=fi
dx
- 1 , Prove that!!!:._
(37) : lfy =x + 1 , z =
--dz
.
If
2t-3
t
+
1
fi"
d
h
if
(38) . x - - - , y = - - , m eac o
--~
=1
[-116]
d when x =0
=r;-;J , find .Z
Vx
[3116]
=2Z
2t- 1
-m , -m when t = 1 , then prove that for any value oft :;t: -1

dx
dy
dy =- !...
dx
4
[-270]
when x =-1
_EXERCl~E (7)
(i) Implicit functions:
If y = f (x) , find
(1) . x2 + y2
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
9
[
y3
.:
.:
+ 6
=
3
-11
(7)
x2 - 3xy - 2y2
=9
x3 - 6xy - 3y 3
=5
(9)
+ 3x2 y + 3x y2 + y3
(10). :
(11)
{Y =
: (a) xn + yn
(14)
(15). :
(16). :
If
+ 3x
6 ,
+
(12). : If
If
n is
(13)
(6)
(8)
for each
dx
EJ
(17)
Imp. and Higher Derivatives

3
If (y + 1)
(x-
2;2
dy
;2
9 (y + 1) (
dx
(18)
(19) .
If (4x- yy4
(ii)
(1)
: If
prove tha t:
(x + y) = 1
dy - 4
dx
x
y
+
x
y
If
prove that:
y
a2
dy
dx
prove that:
'
- -
y
x
(a
is constant)
The higher derivatives:

F (x) =
4""
2
3
-X
?.
x- + 7x -12 ,
find the sixth derivative of F (x)

(2)
If y = (3x- 2) 5
(3)
If y =
_!._
[OJ
a4
find _Y_ when x = 1

,
dx 4
+ ~ x4
:<5
+ 2 x3 + 7x -15
d4y
-- = 0
dx 4
when
[9720]
f'
Jzn
2
d y
--
dx2
45
[-- 1
8
Find the second deriva tive for each of the following functions
(4)
(5)
F (x)
x 2 - 2x + 3
x2
<rx-rx
1
F (x)
;I!
0
-5
x > 0
[- -
-2
(x + 3)]
- 4
F (x)
(7)
F (x)
= x2
(8)
F (x)
=x
(6)
V(x
+ 2)
4 +
x2)
-3
(x 2 + 2)
[ 2 - 24x2 + 30x4 ]
x2)2
(1 -
4
- (6 +
x2
[ (2x3 + 12x) (4 +
x2J2
Find the third derivative for each of the following functions:
(9)
(10) .
(11 ) .
2x + 1
x2
F (x)
F (x)
F (x)
f-l2x- 5 (x + 2)}
;I!
;e -1
x + 1
I/ 2x-
6 (x +
1r41
-5
x >
[3 (2x - 3)

(12). :
6x
If
F (x) = - - - , find values of x at which

x2 + 3
F' (x)
(13)
and at which
y = (3x- 2) (2x + 5)
If
d2
d2z
dx2
dx2
I : If
the function:
: F (x)
= { ax-.;
,2
bx
lxl
If
x2
I
(17> I
<16>
=1
xy
12x + 9
when x :S 2
.r lxl
+ C
3
,
=2
when
, find the values of a, b, c.
If x2 y2 = 1
+ y
:J - )
2
prove that :
d y
prove that : d 7
..r
If x y = 1
m , n are constants . in Q+
(18)
If 3y2 = 2x3 - 3x2 + 6x

d2y
dy
y dx2 +(dx)
(19)
(20)
I :
y2
2
d y
dx2
+1=2x.
prove that:
y
If x + 2xy + y = 5
(1 + 2x)
<21>
:J
.!J!__ >2
dx
prove that:
= 4 (1 + 2y)
2x + 1
Ify=--x- 2
prove that:
d1 y _
2
-;;;;.-- - 2-x
<22> 1
prove that:
If 3x4 = 4y3 - 5
3x2
x>2
, prove that:
i3J...
+ 3x ..E._J_
dx2
dx
m
[{i,- {3, -3, 0, 3
= 10
is differentiable twice at x
<1s>
= x2-
Prove that: ..!!:.JL _ - (14)
F" (x)
If y ~ 1 + x2
2 d2
(1 + x )
d..r
_!!Jf_
dx
prove that:
dy
+ 3x - - +
dx
=0
=0
m (m + n)
n2 x2
[4, -
3
2
8
,_
f3QJ
<23> I
If
=~
F (x)
, prove that :
x2 + 1
=0
<x2 + 1) F" (x) + 3x F' (x)
<24> I
If
Y2 - xy = 1
prove that:
2
d y (2y - x) + 2 ( dy
dx2
dx
<2s> I
If 2-+..!L=
<26> I
If
(x-
If y
(1 +
<2s> I
x2J
V1 + x2 )5
2
:;
+ x -
dy
dx
If y = F (Z)
dy
dx
0
d2y
dx2
=0
, prove that :
:# 1
dy + 2y
dx
=o
, prove that :
-25y
, Z = g (x) prove that :
d2y dx2 -
<29> I
1l
1
d ; + 4 (xdx-
= (x
, where k is constant prove that
3x + 1
y =
<x- 1Y.
<27> I
k2
f-
lfx=t2-1
d2y
dz2
, y
( dz
dx
= t
)2
d2-r,, x
dx2
dy
dz
d2
, find the value of d}
- 4
when t
=2
{~ J
8
<3o> I : If
= (x 2
Prove that
+ 3)
(x -
d2y dz 2 -
1)
= (2x
+ 1) (x + 4)
12x2 + 54x - 30
(4x + 9) 3
at the
:
13451
(16) : F(x)
=x Sin 2x-Cos 2x at x = !!..4
(17) : F(x)
=x 2 Cos!!.. x-2 Sin !!.. x at x =2
[n;..4]
(18) : F(x)
=x Tan !!!...
+ 2 Cos ~ at x =3
3
3
[1C]
(19) : F(x) =Sin!!.. x Cos!!.. x at x = 1

4
4
: F(x)
= -Sin3 2x-
(21) : F(x)
=Cosx 2x
(22) : F(x)
=2x!Tan ~at
x = !!..
2
2
(20)
at x
= !!..
[3]
[OJ
[-4.J
at x = 1C
[21r]
(23) : F(x) = Sin x at x = 0
[2-lf]
[1]
x +1
(24) : F(x) = Cos 2x at x

Sin 3x
(25) .
.. F(x) =
(26) .
.. F(x)
(27) : F(x)
= !!..
6
Sin 2x atx=
1- Cos x
Cos 3x at x = !!..
1 +Sin x
2
= 1 + Cos 2x
1-Sin 2x
atx= 0
(28) : F(x) = 3-Tan 2x at x = 1C

3 +Tan 2x
r-51
[1]
tl.. J
2
[4]
r-43 J
Find the derived function of each of the following :

4
... (a)
F(x) = Cos3 x
(2)
1: {a)
F(x) = (3Sin x-Cos x/
(b) F(x) = (3 Tan x + 5 Sin x/
(3)
... (a)
F(x) = h-cos x
(b) F(x) = ,/(5 + 2 Tan x) 3
d
. 2
(Sin x)
dx
(4)
: -
(b) F(x) = Sin x
(c) F(x) = ,/Tan 3 x
(1)
I .
2x
= ism
'
. .d (S. 2 x C 2 x)
In - - OS dx
2
2
(5)
. -
(6)
: .!!.. (Cos 4 x + Sin 4 x)
(7)
dx
= sln X
= - Sin 4x
If y = Sin x- .!_ Sin 3 x , then

3
dy
dx
=Cos3 x
<s>
: If y = Sin 2 x Col x, then
<9>
: If y =Sin x (Sin x +Cos x), then
<10>
: If y =Tan x + .!_ Tan 3 x , then
<~1>
:_ If y = z! + 3Z ~ 7, Z = Sin 3x , Find
<!2>
: If y = (2Z-1) 5
<13> I
(14)
dy = .!_ Sin 4x
dx
2
I : If Y = ../7-3Z
dy = Sec x
dx
dy when x = 1r:/3
dx
Z = Tan !. Find dy when x = 1V2

2
: If Y = ../2 (l-Z)
dy =Sin 2x +Cos 2x
dx
dx
[{2]
Z= Tan !. , Find dy , whenx = 1V2
l-1
dx
<ll : If Y = Sin x, Z = Cos3x, prove that !!l...

=-Tan x
dz
3
(16)
. .:
[JO]
= 1r:/4
Z =Cos 2x, Find dy , when x

dx
[-9]
If y = Sin 2x + Cos 2x prove that: d2 Y2 + 4y = O

dx
"
I : If Y =a C.os (rox + b) a b ro are constant numbers prove: tiy

t1x
(18) I : If y = Cos2 x, prove tha.t:
<17)
+ ro 2 y- o
t..i.. + 4y-2 = 0
dx2
(19)
I : If y =
Sin x , prove tha.t:

x
x tiy +2 dy +xy=O
QX2
(20)
dx
If y = x Cos x
prove tha.t :
(21) . . : lfsin3ny +3cosnx=O. Find:~
dy
(22) . . : If cosy= sin 2 x,find d x when x
(23) . . :Jfsiny-cos2x+Tan4x=O,find
=n/ 3, y E
ddy
x
0, n/ 2 [.
[ 2]
whenx= n/4
[-6]
(24) . . : Ifsin2y+cos4x=O. Provethat:
-2
dy
dx
)2
sin 2 y -8 cos 4 x
=O
Geometric Application
: Find the points on each of the following curves at which the tangents are parallel to the y-axis:
(i) x =
(ii)
y3 - 3y2
:l--xy + y2
[ (5 / 0) 1 (1, 2))
=3
[(2, l) ;'f-2, - 1))
: Find the points on the curve : y = x2- 2x-3 , at which the tangent to this curve is parallel to the
st. line : 2x-y + 2 = 0
[(2, -3))
: Find the coordinates of the two points on the curve y =
2..3 x3 - 2.2 :l- - 3x
at each of which
the tangent to the curve is perpendicular to the straight line x + 9y-2 =0 [(4 , 4/3), (-3, ~ )]
2
( 12) : Find the points on t he curve y
= 1+ Zx
at which the
tangent to this curve is parallel to the st. line: x - y + 2
=0
[ (0 , 0) , (-1 , 1) J
(13) : Find the points on the curve y

. .
= (x +1-)-i.
x+3
at which the
normals a re para llel to the straight line: x + 3y - 5
=0
[ (-1' 1/2)' (-5,-9/2)1

(14)
I :Find the points laying on the circle : ;;i,
+ Jl- 4x -2y =0 at which the tangents to the circle are
perpendicular to the straight line: 2x + y + 5 = O

(15)
i :Find the points on the curve y =x3
{(1, 3)' (3 ,-1)]
+ 6,?- - 8 at which the slope of this curve equals the slope of
the curve y = 3,!- + 9x + 2

[(1,-1) I (...J / 19)]
1l6)
: If the st. line: x + 4y + c =0 touches the curve y =
(17)
: If the curve y = ax3 + bx2 touches the st. line:
2x
x-2
, fin d the value of c
[-2 or- 18]
3x + y- 1 = 0 at the point (1 ,-2) , find values of a, b.

[1 ,-3)
(18)
: Prove that : the st. line : x + 2y

intersection.
=3 is
normal to the curve y = x2
, at one of their points of
[350)
(19)
j : Find the coordinate equation of the tangent to the curve:

y =x 3 + x2 - x + 1 at the point (1 , 2)
(20)
[4x-y-2 =OJ
I :Find the coordinate equation of the normal to the curve:

y =x 3 + 2x2- x -1 at the point (-2 , 1)
(21)
[3y +x-1 =OJ
I :Find the coordinate equation of each of the tangent and the normal to the curve
y
=(x + 3) (x-2)at the point (1,-4).

[y- 3x + 7
(22) :
Find the equation of each of the tangent and the
normal to the curv: y
3
= 2x-1
at x
[ 2x +
(23)
I
-
=0, 3y + x + 11 =OJ
=2.
3_]! - 7
=0 ,
3x - 2y - 4
=0]
:Find the coordinate equation of each of the tangent and the normal to the curve y =2x + 1 at y =S
3-x
ly-7x + 9 =0, x + 7y-37 =OJ

normal to the curve: xy = 4x + 3y at the point (1 ,-2).
(24) :
[ 3x + y - 1
(25)
=0
, x - 3y - 7 = 0]
I :Find the coordinate equation of each of the tangent and the nromal to the curve: x2-3xy-y2- = 3
at the point (1
,-1) .
[5x-y- 6
(26)
=0, x + Sy+ 4 =OJ
: Find the coordinate equations of the tangents to the curve:
y =x I x I + 2x at x =-2 and at x =3
[6x- y + 4 =0, Bx- y- 9 =OJ
(27) :
normal to the curve: y
= 2x
VX
1 at x
= 3.
[ 7x - y - 9 = 0 , x + 7y - 87 = 0]
(28)
:-i
9
at tlte point (2 ,-6), then
1.
find the other point at which the tangent to the curve is parallel to tlie tangent at tlie given point.
I : Find the coordinate equation of the tangent to the curve y =
(y- 5X + 16 =0 I (-2 / 6)J
(29)
I :Find the equation of the normal to the curve F (x) =
x
TXT
at x =- 2 , then find the equation of
the tangent at the other point at which the tangent to the curve is parallel to the tangent at the
[x + 4y + 18 =0, 4x- y- 4 =OJ
given paint.
(30) : If the equation of the tangent to the curve :

y = x I x I - 3x at the point ( -1 , 2) is x + y - 1 = 0 , find the
equation of the other tangent to this curve which is parallel

to the given tangent.
[ x + y + 1 =0 J
(31)
x
, y = (x-2>8 (1-2x) 3
2-3x
,-1 ), then find its coordinate equation.
: Prove that the two curves: y =
the point (1
have a common tangent at

llx- Y-:- 3 =OJ
( 32) : Prove that the two curves: y = x - 1 , y = Bx - x
-9
touch each other, and find the equation of their common
tangent.
[ 4x - Y - 5 = 0 J
(33)
: Prove that the curves y =x , y =1
-+ x2
intersect orthogonally, and find the equation of the
tangent to each of the two curves at only one point of their intersection.
[4 {ix-4y-3 =0, 4x + 4 {iy-5
(34)
: Find
{3 =OJ
the equations of the tangents to the curve y =x2- 2x-3 at the points of its intf}'Section with
the x-axis.
[4x-y-12 = 0
(35)
4x + y + 4 =OJ
I :Find the equations of the tangents to the curve:

x2
Y2- 4x + 4y = 12
at the points of its intersection with the y-axis.

[x + 2y + 12
(36)
=0 , x- 2y + 4 = OJ
I :If the circle : x2 + l- 4x- 6y = 0, intersects the .x-axis at A , and the y-axis at B, otherwise the
origin. Prove that the tangent to the circle at A is parallel to the tangent at B and find the
equation of each.
{2x-3y-8
2
=0, 2x-3y + 18 =OJ
If the circle: x + y - 4x - 2y = 0 at the point (1 , 3)

intersects the circle once more at the points C. Find the
equation of the tangent to the circle at C.
[ x - 2y- 5=01
(37) :
Application
two
to the
4x at
intersection
=3.
with the line
If the normal to the curve y = 4find
equation of the
at the
, 3)
once more at the point A,
to the curve at A
12x
=25]
curve:
Find the equation of
(40)
+ 9 = OJ
+ 1 = -0, 4x-
+5
curve: x
: Find
+
constants a , b,
that
y=
b,
common
tiie
'2' 1]
the
(1 '
of the
normal at the
f
. Prove that the equation

+
x+
=0,x-y
=0]
to the curve:
1 at the
OJ
the
1
OJ
(48)
I : Find the two equations of the two tangents to the curve y = x +
[353)
which are parallel to the
straight line : 3x + y-5 = O.

[3x + y- 4
=0 , 3x + y + 4 :J'OJ
(49) : Find the equation of the tangent to the curve:

y = x ~ 3x + 5 which is perpendicular to the st. line:
=0
3y - x + 2
[ 3x + Y
= 5)
(SO)
Find the two equatio!'-5 of the two tangents to t he
curve:
x + 3 at the points at which the tangents are
5- x
parallel to the straight line: 2x -y- 8 = 0.

[ 2x - y - 3 = 0 , 2x - y - 19
(51)
I : Find the equation of the tangent to the curve: y =x2curve y =
x-2
x+3
= 0)
x which is parallel to the tangent to the
at the point f-2 ,-4)

[y=5x-9]
(52)
I : Find the two equations of the two tangentstfo the curve xy =x + y which are perpendicular to the
st. line 4x-y-6 =O.
(53)
[X
I : If the equation of one of two parallel tangents to the curve y =

-
1 +2x
+ 4y : 11
is x- y + 2 = 0 . Find the
equation of the second tangent.

(54)
+ 4y =9 I
[x-y =OJ
I : If the tangent to the curve: y 2 + 2y- 4x + 4 = 0 at the point A (1 ,-2) intersects the x-axis at B ,
and the normal to this curve at A intersects the x-axis at C, find:
(i) The length of BC
(55)
(ii)
Surface area of L1 ABC.
(5, 51
I : If the tangent drawn from the point (1 , - 4) to touch the curve y = x 2(L, M) find the equation of the tangent at A.
3x + 2 at the point A
[5x+y-1=0,3x-y-7""" OJ
(S6[C :Find the surface area of the triangle bounded by the x-axis and the two tangents to the drcle
r2 + y2- 2x + 4y-24 =0 at its points of intersection with the x-axis .

[62.5 units]
13541
Find the slope of the tangent to the curve of each of the following
functions at the indicated points :
(1)
(2)
: F(x) = x2 sin ~ x at the point (2, CJ)
[-TC]
: F(x) =sin TC x-cos TC x at the point (1, 1)
(3) . : F(x)
3
1 +cos x
[-2TC]
at the point ( !!.. , 3)
[3]
(4)
: F(x) =Tan (TC-2x)
atx= 0
[-21
(5)
: F(x) = 2x Tan ~
atx = 1Cl2
[2+TC]
Find measure of the angle which the tangent to the curve of each
of the following functions makes with the positive direction of the
x-axis at the indicated points :
(6)
: F(x) =sin (2x +!!..)at x =TC
------
(7)_........
: F(x)
_
(8)
: F(x)
= x sin ~
2 at x = 3TC
[135]
=4 Tan~ + 2 Cos~. at x =TC
---
(9)
[45]
[45]
: Find the equation of the tangent to the curve of the function F(x)= sin x+cos x
at the. point (0 , 1) on this curve .
[y-x-1 =OJ
(10) : Find the equation of the tangent, and the equation of the normal to the curve
of the function F(x) = 2x + tan x at the point (0 , 0) on this curve.

[y-3x
(11)
: Find the equations of the tangent and the normal to the curve of the function
F(x)
(12)
=0, 3y + x =OJ
=2x Cos (TCx)/2 at x =2
[2x+y= 0, x-2y-l.0 =OJ
: Find the equation of the normal to the curve of the function
F(x)
cos 2x
I-Sin x
atx=O
[x+y-1=0]
[===R=e=la=t=e=d=T=im=e=R=a=t=e=s=~] )
EXERCISE (10)
(1)
I :If y = x3
+ x , find
when x
=2
cm., and
dx
= 4 cm./sec.
dt
[52 cm./sec.J
(2)
: If Z
= :x?-
dy = 2
dt
(3)
y2 ,
find
dz
dt
when x
= 1 cm, y = 2
cm., and
cm/sec.
dx
dt
=-
1 cm./sec., and
[6 cm./sec.]
A particle moves along the curve of the circle:
:x?-
y2 -
6x - 16
= 0.
If the magnitude of its velocity in the direction of the x-axis is
3cm/sec. Find the magnitude of its velocity in the direction of the y-axis at the point (6,4).
9
l-- cm/sec]
4
(4)
+V
: A point (x, y) moves along the curve Y =
given by the relation x =
x3- 3x + 5. If its x - coordinate at any instant (t) is
+ 3 where t ~ 0 , find the rate of change of its y - coordinate
with respect to the time when t =4.

(5)
: A particle moves along the curve: :x?-- xy +
[45/8 unit/sec.]
Y2
1 . Find the position of the point at the instant,
where the rate of change of x with respect to the time equals twice the rate of change of y with
respect to the time.
(6)
[(O I 1) I (0 ,-1)]
A plate in the shape of a square is shrinking by cooling such that it preserves its shape, and its
surface area decreases at the rate 0.3cm 2!min. Calculate the rate of decrease in the length of its
side, when its length equals 15cm .
[0.01 cm/min]
(7)
: A light spot in the shape of a circle is enlarging such that it preserves its shape, and its surface
area increases at the rate 4cm 2/sec. Find the rate at which the length of its radius increases when
its surface area
(8)
=4 1Tcm2
[1/ TT cm/sec]
: A plate in the shape of a rectangle, and its length is twice its breadth. It is shrinking by cooling,
preserving its shape if its length decreases at a rate 0.01 cm/sec when its breadth equals Scm .
Find the rate of decrease of the plate surface area at this instant.
[0.1 cm 2/sec.]
8-_Related Rates
(9)
I :A plate is in the shape of an equilateral triangle. The length of its side decreases by cooling at the
rate of 0.025 cmJsec. Find the rate at which its surface area decreases when the length of its side
[ 2.. {i" cm2 Jsec.J
equals 16cm.
(10)
5.
I : A metallic plate in the shape of a triangle, whose height =half of its base, expands by heating.
Find the length of its base when the rate of increase of its surface area equals 0.05cm2./sec., m
the rate of increase of the length of its base equals 0.01cm./sec.
(11)
[10cm}
I :MA and MB are two perpendicular straight roads meet at M. C is a house on the road MA at a
distance 3kmfrom M.A man is walking on the other road MB tuwards M with velocity 4 2..
2
km/h. Find the rate of change of the distance between the man and the house when the man is
4km distant from M.
(12)
I : A ladder of length 4 meters rests with one
[3.6kmlhl
of its ends against a vertical wall and with the "!her
end on a horizontal ground. If the lower end is sliding with velocity {3m/sec, when it is making
an angle of measure 60 with the wall. Find the velocity of sliding of its upper end on the wall at
this instant.
(13)
[-3mlsecJ
I : A ladder AB of length 150cm, rests with its upper end A against a vertical wall, and with its
lower end B on a horizontal ground. If its lower end B slides away from the wall at the rate
20cmlsec. Find the velocity of sliding of its upper end on the wall, when its lower end B is 90cm
distant from the wall, then find the distance of A from the ground when the speed of A equals
twice the speed of B.

(14)
l-15 cm/sec, 30 {5 cm}
I :A man walks at the rate of 5 km/h. towards the base of a tower of height 60m. At what rate does
the man approach the top of the tower when he is at a distance of 80m. from the base of the tower?
l-4kmJh]
Related Rates
(15)
I : A boy is flying a kite by means of a string. The kite is moving directly away from him on a
horizontal line at a constant height 112m with uniform velocity 6m/sec. How fast must the boy
1"lY out the string when the kite is at a distance of 130m from him.
(16)
{3.05mlsec}
I :A balloon is rising vertically at a rate 30m/min. When it is 120m above a horizontal road, a car is
mooing with velocity 200m/min in a straight path directly beneath it. Find the rate of change of
the distance between the car and the balloon one minute after the car passes under the balloon.
{178mlmin}
(17)
.I : A man 180cm tall is walking with velocity 150cm/sec on a horizontal road tow~rds the street
lamp which is fixed at a height of 480 cm from the ground surface find each of
(i) The rate of change of the length of the man's shadow.
(ii) The rate of change of the distance between the lamp and the man's head, when the man is at a
distance 400cm. from the foot of the lamp.
(18)
I :A ship sailed from a port
{-90,-120 cm/sec}
at 6 A.m, moving due west with velocity 20 km/h . At 8 A. m another
ship sailed from the same port moving due south with velocity 25km/h. Find the rate of change of
the distance between the two ships at 11.a.m.
(19)
I : A , Bare two points on the sea surface such that AB =
{31 km/h}
48km, B is due south of (A). A boat left
(A) heading towards Bat 8 o'clock A.m with velocity Bkm/h. Another boat left (B) towards
~t
at 9 o'clock A.m. with velocity 24km/h. Find the rate of change of the distance between the two
boats at 10.A.m, and show whether the two boats approach each other or get further frdm each
other at this instant.
{Bkm/h}
[358]
(20)
Related Rates
I : AC and BC are two perpendicular paths, AC =90m, BC =70m, A man walks along the path AC
towards C with velocity 6m/sec, while another man walks along BC towards C with velocity
Bm/sec. Prove that the shortest distance between the two men after a time "t" from the instanfof
starting is given by the relation s2 = 100 <t2 - 22t + 130). Hence deduce the rate of change of S
with respect to t , when t
= 8 seconds. Also find the rate of change of the surface area of the
triangle DCH with respect to the time "t" at t = 8 sec. where D, Hare the positions of the two
men after the time t.
(21)
[-5 {2m/sec,-186 m2!sec]
I : ABC is an equilateral triangle, the length of whose side is 8cm. A point (N) moves from B to C
with a velocity 3 cm./sec. If the length AN =y, BN =x. Find y in terms of x, then find the rate of
change of y with resect to the time when x = 3 cm.
(22)
[--cm/sec]
7
I : Two rail ways intersect at an angle of measure 120. A train A moves on one of them with a
velocity 78km./h. towards the point of intersection (M). Find the rate at which it approaches a
station lying on the other rail way and at a distance 4km. from M. when the train is at a distance
of 3.5 km. from M.
(23)
[66 km./h.J
I :A ship started its motion from a port "A" with uniform velocity 18 km/h towards north, and after
2 hours, it
moved in a direction 30 north of east. Find the rate of change of the distance between
the position of the ship and the port "A" after 4 hours from the inistant of starting the motion.
- ---
...I
.~
(24)
l9{ikmlh]
: AB , AC are two intersecting roads enclosing an angle of measure 60. A bicycle moved on the
road AB starting from A with uniform velocity 16km/h.. 15 minutes later another bicycle moved
on the road AC, starting from A with with uniform velocity 20km/h. Find the rate of change of
the distance between the two bicycles 15 minutes after the starting of the second bicycle.
[~km/h]
7
(25)
I :The relation
between the volume of a quantity ofa gas Vin cm3 and its pressure P in gm.wt/arl-
is given by V x P = 800. If the pressure increases at a rate 18 gm. wt/min. Find the rate of change
of the volume when the pressure equals 30 gm.wt/cm2.
E-16 ~ /min]
Related Rates
(26)
I : If the volume of a cube increases at a rate of 3 cm3.!sec. Find:(First) The rate of increase of the length of its side.
(Second) The rate of increase of the surface area of any of its faces when the length of its side
1
becomes 6cm.
(27)
[-cm/sec, 36
cm2/sec]
I : The total surface area of a cube increases at the rate of 24cm 2./sec. Find the rate of increase of the
volume of the cube at the instant when the length of its side equals 12 cm.
(28)
[72 cm.; Jsec.]
: If the volume of a sphere is V and its radius is rand its surface area is S. Prove that
dv
ds
dt
(29)
= -
r-
, and hence find the rate of increase of tts volume when the surface area increases
at a rate of 12cm2.Jsec. and r =3cm.
[1Scm 3!sec.J
-
dt
I : An iron sphere of diameter 10cm. is covered with a uniform
layer of ice.
If the ice is melting at a
rate of 16cm3Jmin ., find the velocity with which the ice thickness is decreasing when its
thickness= 3cm., and find the rate of decrease of the area of the outer surface of the ice layer at
this instant.
(30)
[-1116
;r1
I : The volume of a spherical rubber balloon is 56 TT cm 3, filled with gas, and as
-4 cm2.lmin.]
a result of thP.
leakage of the gas, the volume of the balloon decreases at a rate of 4 TT cm 3/min, keeping its
spherical shape. Find:(First) The rate of change of the length of the radius of the balloon, when the length of the radius
equals 2cm.
(Second) The rate of change of the length of the radius of the balloon 5 minutes after the gas
[- ..!... cm/min, - ..!... cm/min]
begins to leilk.
(31)
The 11eight of a right cirrular cylinder equals
6 of the length of its base radius. If the rate of
change of the length of the radius at a certain instant is 2cm/sec, and the rate of change of its
volume at this instant is 421Tcm2/sec. find the length of the radius at this instant.
(32)
[ 4{icm]
I : A metallic cuboid of square base, and its 11eight equals three times the length of its base side. If the
cuboid expands such that it preserves its shape, find the rate of increase of the volume of the
cuboid when the length of its base side increases at a rate 2cm/sec, and its tength is 2cm.
[72cm 3Jsec]
f 360
(33)
I Pelated Rates
I :: A hollow sphere expands preserving its spherical shape, and the volume of the materialfomdira
remains constant. Given that its internal radius is increasing at a rate 1.5cm/sec find:
(i) The rate of change of its outer radius, when the length of the inner radius equals Ban, and i
thickness equals 4cm.
(ii) The rate of change of its thickness at the same instant.
(iii) Prove that the rate of change of its outer surface area at the same instant equals
.
.!.3 oft
rate of change of its inner surface area.
2
5
cm/sec,-.- cmlse
3
6
C-
___ 1
re
(34) . :
lengths of the two sides of the right angle in a right - angled triangle are 8 6 cm, If the len~
I
of the first side decreases at the rate of 1/l. cm./min., and the second side increases at the rate
1 cm./min.
Find the rate of increase of the surface area of the triangle after two minutes., and the time aft.
which1he increase vanishes.
(35)
A right drcular cylinder of height 24cm, and the length of its base radius is 12cm. Jf the length
:
I
the radius increases at a rate
2..3 cm/sec, and the height decreases at a rate 2..2
cm/sec. Find tJ
rate of increase of the volume of the cylinder.

(36)
{12071
= 4cm, y = 3a
I
Z =12cm. If x at this instant increases at a rate 1cm/sec, and y increases at a rate T cm/sec~
The dimensions of a rectangular parallelepiped at a certain instant are x
decreases at a rate 1cm/sec. Show whether the diagonal of this solid decreases or increases at th
instant and calculate this rate.
(3 7)
{Decreases at a rate T cm/sec
: A right prism having a square base whose side of length 4cm, and increases at the rate of 2cm/se
The height of the prism is Ban and decreases at the rate of 4cm/sec. At what rate the volume 4
the prism is increasing, and after how many seconds its volume stops increasing.
{64etn 3.Jsec., 2/3se(
Related Rates
. .- .
(38)
-..
A metallic thin lamina in the form of an isosceles triangle whose base of length 12 {3cm expands
by heatinz such that the length of the base remains constant, while each of its legs increases at a
rate 0.15cm/h. Find the rate of increase of tr.e surface area of the lamina, the instant at which the
length of each of the legs of the triangle equals the length of its base.
(39)
: ABC is an isoseles triangle, the length of its base
[1.Scm2!h]
Bc is 6cm, and its height equals Bcm, zM is
parallel to BC and intersects AB at L, AC at M. If the height of the trapezium LBCM decreases at
2-2 cm/sec, find the rate of decreasing of the surface area of the trapezium LBCM when tM
bisects AB.
[1.Scm 2/sec]
a rate
(40)
A ladder AB of length 6.5 meters rests by its end A on a horizontal ground and by one of its
points C on the rim of a vertica! wall of height 2.5 meters. If the end A slides away of the wall at a
rate 2.6m/min find the rate at which the end B descends vertically, when it reaches the rim of the
wall.
(41)
[-
.!.:
13
m/min]
: A boat is moving towards a light house of height 50 meters with uniform velocity. Given that the
light intensity at a point varies inversely as the square of the distance between the point and the
light. Prove that the rate of increase of the light intensity at the boat when it is 50 meters distant
from the light house equals ~ times of its rate when the boat is 100m distant from the light
8
house.
(42)
: A string passes over a smooth pulley fixed at a height 20m above the surface of a horizontal road.
A weight "w" is suspended vertically from one of the ends of the string, a man holds the other
end of the string, and walks on the road away of the pulley with uniform velocity 6m/sec. If the
length of the string equals 45 meters, and the man started motion when he was at a distance 15
m~ters
from the locus of the pulley on the road. Find the rate of ascending of the weight "w" at
this moment.
[3.6m/sec]
G62J Related Rates

(43)
: i4 lighted lamp is fixed at the top of a tower 16 meters high. From a point 15 meter away from the
light and at the same height a ball is dropped. How fast is the shadow of the ball moves tawards
[33.6m/sec}
the tower, when the ball is at a height 6m, from the ground.
(44)
: An airplane flies horizontally at a height 2000m. due south with a velocity 150m./sec. It passed
over a car moving with velocity 75 m./sec. due east. Find the rate at which the airplane moves
away from the car after 40 sec.
[160
m./sec.J
To attain superiority
Acquire
B. U .R. Books
Brief Unl.,ersal Re.,lslen Beeks
In
Maths Si Statistics
f"r
Sec"ndar, & Preparat"rg
Stages
[ BERAVIOUR OF FUNCTIONS ))
Increasing and
Decreasing Functions
EXERCISE ( 11)
Prove thRt eRch of the following/unctions is increuing in its domain:
(1)
(3)
(5)
I : F(x) =2x- 5
I : F (x) = (x + U3
I : F (x) = x3 - 9x2 + 27x + 4.
(2)
(4)
I : F(x) =0
I : F (x) = x3 + 2x + 5
Profle thRt eRch of the following/unctions is decreuing in its domain:
~'!'"!!6>-1.-: F(x) = 2-3x

(8)
I : F (x)
= 9 - x3 -
x5
(7)
I:
(9)
I : F (x)
F(x) =~
= x
Find the interoRls where eRCh of the followingfunctions is increRsing Rnd the interoRls
where it is decreuing:
(1~0!'!"'"~..... : F (x) =
,,i _
4x + 5
[Dec in 1- - , 21 , Inc in [2 ,- ( 1
(11)
I : F (x)
= 3 + 2x - x2
[Inc in 1- -
(12)
I : F (x)
I : F (x)
[1
= 2x3 - 3,_l + 4
[Inc in 1- -
(13)
, 11, Dec in (1 ,oo
, OJ, [1 , -
[,
Dec in (0, 1 }}
= 36x-3x2- 2x3
(Dec in 1- - , -31 , [2 , - [ , Inc in f-3, 21 1
<14> I
F (x) = 3 + 3x +
,_2 - -
x3
[Dec in 1- - ,-1], [3, -
(15)
I :
[,Inc in
l-1, 3 JJ
F (x) = x (3 - xi1
[Inc in 1- - , 1}, [3, - [, Dec in [1, 311
(16)
I : F (x)
= (x- 2) (x + 1)1
[Inc in 1-oo ,-1}, (1, oo [,Dec in
(17)
F (x)
= 2x3-
l-1, 1}}
3x4
[Inc in 1-oo ,
.l. ], [Dec
2
in [ .l.
2
, - (}
Increasing & Decreasing

(18)
I :
4
2
F (x) = x - Bx + 16
(Inc in [-2 , OJ, [ 2 , oo [, Dec in
(19)
I : F (x) = 3V<x -
I : F (x) = 5 -
2], [O , 2J)
2
[Dec in J- oo , lJ , Inc in [1 , oo []
(20)
J- oo , -
fine in J- oo , OJ, Dec in
(21)
I : F(x) =V9 - 4x2
[Inc in [ - (22)
I : F(x) =
4
x+ -
0 , oo []
, 0], Dec in [O , -
JJ
x
fine in J- oo , -2], [ 2, oo [,Dec in [-2, 2J-( 0}]
(23)
(24)
(25)
3x + 1
I : F (x) =
x +2
(lncinJ-oo,-2[
J-2, oo[)
2x
I : F (x) =
x2
I : F (x) = {
+ 1
T1
( Dec in J- oo , -1], [ 1, oo [,Inc in -1, 11>
(x + 3) ,
x2
3-
when
x<1
when
x~l
[Inc in J- oo , 1], Dec in [1,oo [ J
(26)
I : F (x) ~
x2-
4x , when
x .s. 2
2x- 8
when
>2
[Dec in J-oo, 2J, Inc in [2 ,oo [ J
(27)
I : F (x) = Ix
+ 2I + 5
[Dec in J-oo, -2J, Inc in (-2 ,oo { J
(28)
I : F (x) =
4-
Ix - 1 I
fine in J- oo , lJ, Dec in [1 ,oo [ J
(29)
I : F (x) = I2x- 3 I-
x + 2
[Dec in J- oo ,
(30)
I : F (x) = x2
Ix
~ J, Inc
2
in [
,oo l 1
[Dec in }-oo, OJ, Inc in [O ,oo [ J
Increasing & Decreasing
<31> I
: F (x)
3 + 2x-x2
2x-1
when
x < 2
when
x~2
(Inc in 1- oo , 1 J, [2 , oo { Dec in {1 , 2 ])
F (x)
(32)
x (x - 3
(Inc in J- oo , 3/2], {3, oo [ , Decin [
~ , 3])
2
(33)
: F(x) =Sin 2x in [O, re]
(34)
: F(x)
(35)
: F(x) =Sin x (I +Cos x) in [O, rc/2]
(Incin[O, 1i/4], [31i/4, re], Decin['Jt/4 ,3Jrf4J)
= Tan re x in ]-112, 112[
(Inc.)
(inc. in [O, 1i/3], Dec. in [1i/3, rc/2])
Show whether each of the following fu.nctions is increasing or monotonic increasing or

decreasing or monotonic decreasing:
(36>
: F (x)
x2 + 2
, when
In 1- oo ' 0 1 , 1-
00
when
0 s x < 3
when
'
2x- 4
'
31
x < 0
[0 ,
{,[3,oo [
00
{Dec , mon. Dec, mon. Inc, Incl

x3 + 4
(37)
I : F (x) =
In 1- oo
0J
, when
4
4x-x2
J-
00
21
xsO
when
0<xs2
when
x > 2
[0 ,
00
2,
00
[Inc , mon. Inc, mon. Dec, Dec]
;(38)
I : F (x) =
In]- oo
1]
I-
2 +2x-x2
, when
x s 1
, when
1 < x s 2
2
x 00
6x+ 12,
,
31
when
, [ 3,
00
x > 3
[ , in R
{Inc , mon. Inc, Inc, mon. Inc,]
Local Maximum and

Minimum Values
EXERCISE ( 12)
-Find local maximum or local minimum value for each of the fallowing functions
if an~
exists:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
I
I
I
I
I
: F (x) = (x - 3) 2 + 1
: F (x) =5 + 4x - x 2
: F (x) = (x - 3)3 + 2
: F (x) = (x- 2)4 + 3
: F (x) = V9 - 4x2
[F (3)
[F (2) = 9 max]
[Does not exist]

[F (2) = 3 min]
[F (O) = 3 max, F (-
I : F (x) =.
m I: F(x) =
<6>
<s>
<9>
I : F(x) =
I : F(x) =
~x
..!_) = 0 =
+ 2
F (
..!_ )
min]
2
[Does not exist]
Vx + 2>2
3-
= 1 min]
[F (2) = 0 min]
[F (-4) = 3 max]
V<4 + x>2
2.x3- 3x2 + 2
[F (O) = 2 max, F (1) = 1 min]
(10)
I : F (x)
= 2x3 + 6x2- 18x + 6

[F (-3) = 60 max, F (1) =- 4 min]
(11)
I : F (x)
= x 3 - 9x2 + 15x + 10
[F (1)
(12)
I : F (x) =
x (x - 3>2
= 17
+ 2
[F (1)
(lJ)
(14)
I : F (x) =
I : F (x) =
max, F (5) =-15 min]
(x - 1) (x- 2)
=6
max, F (3) = 2 min]
[F (2) = 0 min, F ( - ) = - max]

3
27
x 4- 4x3 + 4x2 - 15
[F(O) =-15 min,F(1) =-14 max,F(2)=-15min]
(15)
I : F (x) =
x4 + 2x3 - 3x2 - 4x
1
17
)= max]
2
16 .
[F (-2) = - 4 min, F (1) =- 4 min, F (- .~-.-- F (x) -- x2 + 432

(16).
:
[F (6)
= 108
min]
13681
Local Maxima and Minima
<1n I
F(x)
<18> I
F(x)
<19> I
F(x)
<20> I
: F (x)
a1> I
<22> I
<23> I
<24> 1
: F (x)
: F (x)
: F (x)
: F (x)
<2s> I
: F (x)
<26> I
: F (x)
=
=
=
=
4x
[F(2)
x1- + 4
3x1- + Sx + 25
1- x +
{
{
{
{
{
5-2x
, when
x < 0
3x+5
when
x~O
7 + 3x
~-1
8-Sx
, when
.s.
, when x > 1
, when
1- 2x
-(3-x)
5
x + 4
x1-- 2x
=5 min}
[F (-1.)
=4 max}
[F (1)
=3 min}
[F (0) = 5 max]-
.s.
2
[F (2) =-3 min}
x.s.-2
, when x >-2
, when
min, F (1) == 3 nuu}
.s. 0
, when x > 2
, when
[F (0)
when x > 0
, when
2..
==
min, F (-5) -25 nui:r:J
x <-1
, when x
x 2-4x+1
, when
3-x
5-x 3
= 11
[F (-1)
X2
= { :-2x-x2
=
[F (1)
x + 2
1+x+x1-
= 1 max,F(-2)=-1minJ
[F (-2)
=2 ma}
x <-1
, when x
~-1
CF (-1) =3 max, F (1) =-1 min}
an I
: F (x)
= { 3-4r-x2
2x- 4
, when
.s.
, when x > 1
[F (-2)
(28) I
: F (x) = I2x- 3f- 5
=7 max, F (1) ==-2 min}

3
[F(-) =-5 min}
2
Local Maxima and Minima

: F (x)
: F (x)
: F (x)
: "'F (x)
8- 12x- 51
l
l
[F ( 2
3x- 2
, when
x < 2
, when
when
19- 3x ,
s.
x < 5
x ~ 5
[F (2) = 4, F (5)
x2 + 3
, when
'
2x- 1
=4
max, each x
when
0 < x < 2
when
+ 2
Ix I
F (x)
= x2
Ix - 51
I 0 , 2 [ is max or min]
= 2 min]
= 0 min, F (2.5) =6.25 max]
[F (2)
F (x)
J2, 5 [ is max or min]
~o
{F (0) :::: 3, F (2) = 3 min , each x
= .!_ x2
) = 8 max}
[F (5)
Ix - 31
[F (O) = 0 min, F (2) = 4 max, F (3) = 0 min]
(36)
F (x)
F (x)
=
=
F (x)
'Vx
3
{;
V8 -
4x
(x - 7)
x2
(38)
: F(x) =Sin x + Cos x
(39)
: F(x)
(40)
: F(x) =Sin x Cos x
>=
4x-Tan x
=- 3 {i min]
[F (7) = 0 min , F (1) =36 max}
= 0, F (2) = 4 max. and F (2{2) =0 , F (-~) =- 4 min.}
[F (2)
[F (-2{2>
in J-TC/2 , 1C/2[
[F(TC/4) =
in [ 0 , TC/2]
[F(TC/3)
f2
Max]
Max]
in [0, TC]
[F( Jr/4) =.!_Max, F(3TC/4) =- .!_Min]

2
2
(370, .. Local Maxima and Minima

(41)
(42)
Find the values of a , b , given that the function:
2
F (x) = x + ax + b has a critical point at x = 2 , and F (2)
= 1 , hence determine the type of the
point (2,1) , whether it is local maximum or local minimum.
[a=-4, b=5,min]
: Find the values of a, b, given that the function:
F (x) =ax + .!:.._ , has a critical point at x = 3 , and F (3) = 2 , then determine the type of the
point (3, 2), w~ther it is point of local maximum or local minimum.
(43)
[a =!:...
3
, b =3, min]
: Find the values of a, b, c, d given that the curve of the function y =ax3 + b; + ex+ d passes
through the origin and it has a critical point at x = 2 , and a local minimum value = F (4) , and
the equation of the tangent to this curve at x = 1 is 9x-y + 7 =0
[a
=1 , b =- 9 , c = 24 , d = OJ
Absolute Maxima and Minina
EXERCISE (13)
Find the absolute maximum and the absolute minimum values for each of the following
!E_nctions in the indicated interval:
(1 )
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
:
:
(6)
F (x)
= x2
+ 6x in [-5 ,-1]
F (x)
= x2
+ 4x + 3 in [1 , 3]
F (x)
=3-
F (x)
= x3 -
F (x)
= 2x3 -
Sx -
x2
[Min =-9, Max =-5]

[Min =- 1 ,Max =
in [-4 3]
37
, Max =- 21]
4
[Max=
12x in [-3, 3]
OJ
[Min = -16, Max= 16]
9x2 + 12x in [1.5, 4)

[Min= 4, Max= 32]
F (x)
= x3-
3x - 24x + 50 in [-3 , SJ
[Min =-30, Max= 78]
( 7)
4
: F (x) = x -
Bx
zzx2- 24x
12 in E-4,
[Min
(8)
(9)
(10)
: F
(x) = V<x- 2>2
1
: F (x) = x + : F (x)
(11 ) : F(x) =
F (x)
x-f
?
x~
xZ+l
(x + 2)2
= 2x
2
: F (x)
, 3]
in [-3 , 6)
in [-1 ,3]
V,...9---X2-- in
(13) : F(x) =
(14)
+8
[Min=0,Max=4]
in [-6, 1]
.
1
m [ -
= 3, Max= 1228]
[Min
10
=2, Max= J
.!_ , Max = .!_ J
[Min =-
[Min
(x - 4y2
[0, 3]
[Min = 0, Max = 9]
in [0, 9]
. =- 1, Max= -1 1
[M m
in
H, 8]
[Min
(15)
: F (x)
(16)
: F (x-) =
j x - 2 -1
= .!_ , Max =2]
x + 1
=x 3
in [O, 5]
3- 2x + 1 j in [-3, 2)
=0, Max= 64]
[Min =-1, M ax = 2]
[Min =-2, Max= 3]
137 2 I
Absolute Maximum or Minimum

- 4x + 3 , when
(17)
I : F (x)
15 - 3x
8 + 4x
(18)
, when
I : F (xi = {
6x + 8
3- 2x
(19)
W : F (x) =
{
(20)
I : F (x)
{
- 7x + 10 ,
(21)
F (x)
2x
(22)
F (x)
Ix
Ix I
> 4
Applications of Maxima
and Minima
EXERCISE (14)
: The sum of two posiHve integers is 12. Find the two numbers if their product is large as possible.
(6, 6}
: Prove that the sum of any positive real number and its reciprocal is at least 2.
: The product of two positive numbers is 16. Find the two numbers if the sum of one of them and
the square of the other is minimum.
(2, Bl
: x and y are two quantities related by the equation x + y =10. Find the maximum value of x3y2(3456}
: A wire of length 15cm. is to be divided into two portions, such that the sum of the square of the
first and four times the cube of the other is a minimum value. Find the length of each portion.
(1.5, 13.5}
: Find a point on the curve y2- =2x + 1 if the distance between it and the point (3,0) has a minimum
value.
: Two columns of heights 30 and 40 feet, and 80 feet apart are situated on a horizontal plane. Find
the point on the line joining their bases such that the sum of the squares of the distances from it
to each of the tops of the columns is minimum.
[The
mid point}
: From a point (A) a body started motion from rest with uniform accelera.Hon one cm/sec?. At the
I
same instant another body started motion with uniform velocity 4cm/sec from a point B which is
60cm distant from A to join
~he
first body. When will the distance between the two bodies be
minimum and what is the value of this distance.
(4 sec, 52 cm}
'13751
Applications of Max & Min.

(15)
I : A wire 200cm long is bent to form the
four sides of a rectangle. Find the dimensions of the
rectangle when its surface area is as large as possible.

(16)
[50, 50 cm]
I : Find the maximum surface area of a rectangular garden with one side adjacent to a wall and the
other three sides are fenced by a wire of length 60m .
(17)
: The point M
= (x, y) moves on the straight line whose equaHon is y =3 (8-x) in the coordinates
plane where x > 0 , y > 0 . If the point A is the orthogonal projection of M on the x-axis and the
point Bis the orthogonal projection of Mon the y-axis and Sis the surface area of the rectangle
OAMB (0 is the origin point). Find S in terms of x , then find value of x when the value of S is
maximum.
(18)
[x=4]
I :A thin wire of length 200cm, is bent to form a rectangle ABCD, such that the wire passes twice
over each side except the side AB, the wire passes along it once., Find
m~imum
rectangle.
(19)
area of this
[2500/3cm
I :The perimeter of a drcular sector equals 48cm. Find the length of its radius, when its area as large
as possible.
(20)
[12cm]
: A piece of wire of length 60cm is divided into two portions, each one being bent to form a
rectangle, its length is twice its breadth. If the length of one of the two portions is x, find the sum
of the two surface areas of the two. rectangles in terms of x , hence find the dimensions of these
rectangles when the sum of the two areas is minimum.
(21)
[5f10]
I :A wire of length 64cm, is cut into two portions, the first is bent to form a square, and the second
to form a drcle find the length of each portion,
the circle is minimum.
if the sum of the surface areas of the square and

[256/
1r +4
64
1r
1r
+4]

: A thin iron rod of length 7.2m is used as a frame
of a window in the fo rm of two adjacent
congruent rectangles, the breadth of each equals
x m , and surmounted by a semicircle of
2..x
:===;::~"'===='
x
:x.
'J
diameter 2xm as shown in the fig. Find the

dimensions of the window such that its surface
area is minimum.
[1.2, ~ (6- Tr
20
: A lamina in the shape of a rectangle ending by two semi-circles, the diameter of each equals the
breadth of the rectangle. If the perimeter of the lamina must be equal 100 7T cm. Find the
maximum surface area of the lamina.
[2500 7T cm2J
: A poster is to be made of a rectangular plate of perimeter 800cm such that a margin of width 30cm
is left adjacent to the lower side of the plate and 3 margins each of width 20cm is left adjacent to
each of the other 3 sides of the plate. Find the dimensions of the plate which maximize the surface
area of the poster.
[205, 195cm]
: A rectangular garden whose surface area is 10 sq. meters is to be boardened by a flagstone walk on
each of two apposite sides of the rectangle is one meter width, while the width of the walk on each
of the two other sides of the rectangle is 160cm. Find the dimensions of the garden which
minimize the surface area of the needed land.
[4,2.5m]
: ABC is a right angled triangle in which measure of the angle C is 90, BC
= 10cm, and
- at D, and AC at H. DO is drawn
AC= 30cm, DH is drawn paralleled to BC, and meeting AB
perpendicular to BC, meeting it at 0 . Prove that the maximum surface area of the rectangle.
DOCH equals 75cm 2.
: ABC is an equilateral triangle, the length of whose side equals 24cm. A rectangle is drawn in side
this triangle such that its vertices lie on the sides of the triangle. Find the lengths of the
rectangle's sides when its surface area is maximum.
(12,6
{i cm]
area
can
drawn inside an
vertices
on
, 0 is the
curve
be
6)}
on the curve
inside the
is
area
AB,
this
15m

: A box in the form of a cuboid, of height 15cm and the dimensions of its base are (1 1-x), (3 + x).
Prove that the volume of this box does not exceed 735cm3.
(42)
: A box is to be made of a rectangular plate of card of length 21cm, and breadth 16m, lJy cutting
equal squares of each corner of the plate, and turning up its sides. Find the volume of the largest
box, that can be made lJy this way.
: A rectangular parallelepiped box has a square base. The sum of the height of the box and the
perimeter of its base equals 90cm. Find the dimensions of this box if its volume is to be maximum.
[15 , 15 I 30 ems.]
: A rectangular parallelepiped box without a lid is to be made of a metallic lamina of surface area
54 sq. inches, such that the length of its base is twice its breadth. Find the dimensions of this box
[3 , 6 , 2 inches]
when its volume is maximum.
: A rectangular parallelepiped box has a square base, the length of whose side is x/
t.
It is
required to strengthen the edges of its faces lJy fixing a metallic ribbon around its twelve edges.
If
the total length of the ribbons needed is 30 ft. Find the dimensions of the box when its volume is
maximum.
[2,5 / 2.5 I 2.5 ft.]
: A cylindncal vessel without a lid is to be made of a metallic lamina of surface area 462cm2. Find
the length of its base radius when its capacity is maximum ( 1T =
22
7
[7cm]
: A right circular cylinder, closed at both ends is to be made of a thin metallic lamina of surface area
36 n inches. Find the length of its height, and the length of its radius when its volume is
maximum.
[{6, 2{6 inches]

(A) at any distance equals eight times the density of the smoke caused by city (8) at the same
distance. Find the point on the road at which the smoke density is to be minimum, given that the
smoke density at any point is equal to the sum of its densities from both of the two cities.
[40km ftomA]
: A producer sells a kind of his products at 20 piasters per unit. When he wanted to raise the price
of the unit by x piasters. he found that, the number of units to be sold will drop to (30 - 2x). If the
cost price of the unit from this product is 11 piasters, show that his profit in this case is
P = (270 + 12x - 2x'2) piasters then find value of x which will make his profit maximum and the
sold number of units.
[3P.T, 24 units]
: If a book shop sells 100 copies of a certain book its profit will be 120 piasteres per each, and if the
copies sold exceed 100 books, the profit per each decreases by
2..
piastrefor every extra copy sold.
2
Find how many books achieve maximum profit.

[170 books]
---...-..-
: A man in a boat, 14 metres from the nearest point A on the straight shore, wishes to go to a point
B.
60 metres down the shore from A. He can land any where on the shore between A, B, and
walks the rest of the way. He can row with velocity 30 meters/minute and walks with velocity 40
meters/minute. Where should he land in order to reach B in the least lime.
(58)
: The cost of the fuel consumption of a locomotive is proportional to the square of its speed. The cost
of the fuel consumption is 25 pounds per hour when the speed is 25km/h. There is also an
additional cost 100 pounds per hour regardless of the locomotive speed. Find the speed of the
locomotive which minimizes the total cost of one kilometer.
[50kmlh]
in]-
[1,
Convexity
(15)
<16> I
: F (x)
F (x)
= x2
=
3I
Ix -
[Downwards in] 2
x + 1
x2 + 3
[Upwards in] -
oo ,
1] , ] 3 ,
oo
l , Upwards in [1 , 3] , (1, 2) , (3, O) Inf.]

1
oo ,
-1] , [1 ,
oo [,
Downwards in [-1 , 1] , (-1 , -
), (1 , -
Inf.]
Find the points of local minima and maxima and the points of inflection for each of the
following functions:
(17)
I : F (x) = 2x3 -
9x2 + 12x -10

3
11
[(1 ,-5) Max, (2 ,- 6) Min, ( - , - -Inf.]
(18)
F (x)
=x
- ux2 + 84
[(-2{3, 60) , (2
(19)
F (x)
= (x2 -
9)
{3,- 60) Min, (0, 84) Max, (-2, 4), (2, 4) Inf.]
[(- 3 , 0) , (3, 0) Min, (0 , 81) max, (-{3, 36),

(20)
F (x)
5
x -
27
, - - ) Min, (1,-1), (2, 0) Inf.]
16
Sx - 1
[(1,- 5) M in,
(22).
F (x)
u-{3,.{3> Min <{3, 13> Max,
(-3 ,-1.5) ' (O , 0) I (3 I 1.5) Inf.]
Find the equation of the inflectional tangent to the curve:
y
(24)
f-1, 3) M ax, (0 ,-1) Inf.]
6x
x2 + 3
(23)
Inf.]
F (x) = x (x - 2) 3
[( _
(21 )
f{J, 36)
= x3-
6x2 + x -2
[11x + y-6 =OJ
: If the curve : y = x 3 + ax2 + bx has an inflection point at (1 ,-3), find the values of a , b.
[-3 ,-11
: Determine the curve y = ax3 + bx2 + ex + d w11ich passes through the point (0 , 4) , and has
an inflection point at (-1 , 2) , and a horizontal tangent at this point.
{y :::: '.?_~,3
+ 6x1- + 6x + 4]
Convexity
(31)
I : If
F' (a)= 1,
F" (a-)> 0,
F" (a+)< O, F" (a)= 0
Determine which of the following curves satisfies these four conditions at x =a giving reason .
Sketch the graph of each of the following functions:

(32).
F (x)
<33> I :
F (x)
= 3x-x3
= x3 - 3x2
<34> I :
<3s> I :
(36> I :
F (x)
F (x)
<37> I
F (x)
(38).
F (x)
=
= 2- x (x - 3)2
= (2- x) (x + V 2
= ax3 + bx2 + ex
F (x)
+ 4
- x3-x2
3
3
x - 6x2 + 9x + 2
+ d given that F (-2)
= 15 is a local maximum value, and
F (1) =-12 is a local minimum value indicating, the intervals in which the curve is convex
upwards or downwards and the point of inflection.
[upwards in 1-
00
.!_ ], Downwards in [ - .!_, oo

2
[, (-
~, 1.!_) inflection]
((
INTEGRATION
))
EXERCISE (16)
[Some Simpe Rules of Integration
Find the following Integrals:

(1)
J 5x4
(3)
(5)
J zx-3
(7)
dx
!__
7
dx
dx
(2)
: J 2Bx13
(4)
:f
-dx12
(6)
:J
14x-8
(11).:
(13).:
dx
1
2 dt
-t3-
(8)
:J
(10).
:J
(12).
:f
(14).
:f
-3
(9)
dx
3 dx
J {X
dx
J rx
x2
(15). :
(4x3- 3x2 + 2x -1) dx
(16). :
x2 (5x2 - Bx + 3) dx
(17). :
x1
(18). :
(4x
(19). :
3
x T (3
(20). :
(21). :
(22>
<3
(23)
(5
(7x7 - 4x4 + sx2) dx
+ 23 - x 2 + 1) dx
Yx +
SxT) dx
<L + _3_ -....!LJ

x3
x4
x6
5
2
-(x
+
-2
xT) dx
+ x
{X
dx
2
+ - )dx
{X
/x )
dx
~x
5
!.._3
3
7x2
Yx2
dx
dx
3 dx
dx
{X
Integration
(24)
I : J (3x- 5)
(25)
I : f <sx2 + 3)2
(26)
I: J x
(27)
I :/
(3x - V
(28)
I: /
(x-2) (x + 1) (3x- 2) dx
(29)
I :/
(3x + 1) (x - 1)2 dx
(30)
I: I
<31>
I :I
<32>
I :/
(33>
I :/
<34>
(36)
: /
dx
<x2
+ x - 3) dx
(2x2 + 3>2- 9
x
sx3 +
dx
21
dx
2x + 3
x5 -
3x3 + 2x2 - 9
dx
x2
(2x + 1) (3 - 2x)
dx
x4
~
i2
x
(x -
3x (x +
(1
fx
I :/ ~
(37>
dx
(3-2x>2
I : I sx2
(35)
(x + 1) dx
>2
dx
dx
-1
(x T + x T
>2
dx
1
+ -1 ) (1 + x - -
x2-
<38>
I :/
(2x + 1) (x - 3)
<39>
I :/
<x2- 3>2
<4o>
I :/
{X
x
(1
dx
dx
{i
+ x) (1
dx
+{XY-
2 {X
dx
(388)
Integration
(2Xl- x - 3) (2x + 3)
-------dx
(x + 1)
(41>
<42> I
:I
(43)
J (3x + 2f
dx
(45>
12
(47> :
(49)
IX<x-v
:.;=;
dx
+1
13 <9 - sx>
ttx
dx
J (1- 2xfJ
(46)
(48)
(2x- 3)3
8
>
3 <7 -
(44)
(5o>
dx
(51>
1 :I
<3 - 2x>5
1 :I
ttx
(52)
I :J
+ 4xr3 dx
(7
24dx
(5 + 4x>7
vsx- 4
(53)
I :I
(55>
(5 -
x)
-3
dx
<54->-1-
dx
(56)
dx
15 V<4- 3x)3 dx
-5
dx
:I
:I
x5
v<3~
<7 +
st
5
2->
x
ttx
5
(57)
I :J
-
<-s"""""9>_i,..:
~6--1)-.!!!!!!'-
x 10 ( J_ _ ]_ >5
dx
x2
V(3x +
(3x + 1)
1)
dx
(58)
I :J
<60>
1 :I
(4x2- 4x +
11
'V<2x- 3)5
4x2-
dx
dx
12x + 9
5 (2x- 3) dx
4x-
3v
V7- ~
(63)
I :I
(65)
I :J
(67)
(69)
(2x- 1) (x-1) 7
dx
dx
dx
Fl+ F
(x +
1)
<66>
1 :I
<68> I
dx
dx
:I
<64>
<10>
:I
1 :f
V<x2 -
~
>2
x
+ 4 dx
(x + 5) dx
(x + 2>3
(x- 1)
dx
F3
(2x + s>FJ
dx
.13891
InteKral of simgle trioKonometric functions :
Find the following integrals:
(1)
: J(3 Cos x + 8 Sin x) dx
(2)
(3)
: f 2 Cos 2x dx
(4)
: J Sin ( !!.. - !.. ) dx
(5)
: J Sec (2n- 5x) dx
(6)
: JSin (3x + 2) dx
(7)
: J4 (Cos 4x-sin 2x) dx
(8)
:f
(9)
... J (Sin !..-sec 2 !..)dx
(10)
: J4 (x + Cos 2x) dx
(11)
: Jsec x(Cos x + 3sec x) dx
3
(12) : J Cos 3x (3 sec 3x- sec 3x) dx
(13)
: J(3x + secx) (3x-secx) dx
(14)
: JSin x cos x dx
(16)
... f
sm x dx
1 +cos x
(18)
...J(J-2sin 2 x)dx
(20)
. f ../J + cos x
(15) : J (sinx + cosx/ dx

2
(17) : J Tan. x dx
2
(19) : J 2 cos x dx
: J (2 Sin x-5sec x) dx
2
2 (Cos
x + sin
. 2
dx
~ ) dx
Integration
I : Given
( 1)
=3x2-
10x - 7 ,
and
=- 24
when x
ly
= x3 -
[y
= 2x3- 2x2
Find y in terms of x.
( 2)
I :If y = J
(x3 + x2-
= 10 when x = 1.
x2- 2x
6x)
Find y interms of x
=2
dx , and y
-5~
( 4)
:IJF'(x)= x
(x
C5)l:Iff'(x)=
I :If J
-1>2 ,
= 0,
F(l)
[ !_}
Find F (2{ij
=J
dx
1)
[6}
FindF(3)-F(-1)
x2
(3y + 2)3 dy , Find the relation

y =0,
between x, y gi.ven that:
when x =2
= 6x2-
[(3y + 2)4
(. 7)
I :If ~~
Z
( 8)
= 4 - 3x
= x4 -
x2 + 3x- 6]
x+
2
3
<x3
= .!...
[y
4/3
+ 3x + 7}
=2
when x
Find y interms of x
( 6)
sx2 - 7x + 21
I : If the rate of change of y with respect to x is

R =6x2-4x + 3 and y
( 3)
= 2.
:;
= 5-
4y , and y
=0
, Z
= 12
when x
=1
12x-1 - 2
prove that
8x2 + 17x + 2.
i- :If ~
=
~
V2x + 3
~ = 64y2
~
, and Z
25
3
8
when x =-1 prove that: 8Z = 9 (2x + 3)4 + 16.

( 9)
I- :If 4
dr
6x2- 5
Find the value of y , when x

(10)
.: If F" (x)
~
=-3 , y = 2 ,
dx
=8
gi.ven that F1 (2)
= 1.
= 2.
[21
-~
y'3x2 - 6
= 445
when x
Find y
F (2)
= F (x)
26
3
[F (x) =
(11)
dy
: If
5-6x
2y
:::;:;;;-, y = 2
when
=1 .
+- V
(3x -
2f - 3x2 + 10]
Find the relation between x, y.
[y2- = 2 +
(12)
:
_
_........
If dx
Sx -
Jx2.
=3 -2sin 2x, find y in terms of x, given that y = 5 when x = O

[y = 3x +cos 2x + 4J
(13)
..
zr
<fr
= 2x + .!...
2
x , find
2
y in terms of x given that y =
rC14 + 9 , when Ix = rc/2

2
{y = x
x
2
..,.tan - +
8
J
EXERCISE ( 17)
(1)
Some Applications of
Integration
I :Find the equation of the curve which passes through the origin point, and the slope of the tangent
to it at any point (x, y) is m = 3x2- 4x + 1 .
(2)
x3- 2x2 + xJ
: Find the equation of the curve which passes through the point (-2, 8) and the slope of the tangent
to it at any point (x, y) on it is m = (3x-2)

(3)
[y =
(x + 2)
[y =
: The slope of the normal to a curve at any point (x, y)j on it is
2x--3x2
x3 + 2x2- 4xJ
. Find the equation
of this curve given that it passes through the point (2 , 7).

(4)
: If the slope of the tangent to a curve at any point (x, y) on it is
3x-2
x3
. , find the equation of
this curve given that it passes through the point (1 ,-2), and find the equation of the tangent at
this point.
(5)
x2y
dy
: If the slope of the tangent to a curve at any point (x, y) on it is dx
=1- 3x, x-y-3 =OJ
=5-12 (2-3x) 3. Find the
equation of this curve given that it passes through the point (1 ,-2) , then find the equation of the
normal to this curve at this point.
[y
=(2-3x) 4 + Sx- 8, x + 17y + 33 =OJ
(-6-)- ......... : The slope of the normal to a curve at any point (x, y) on it is - { ; , and this curve passes
3x + 1
through the point (1 , 4) prove that the equation of this curve is: y2 = 4x (1 + x) 2
(7)
: Find the equation of the curve which passes through the point ( 1 , -2) and the
slope of the tangent to this curve at any point (x , y) is
m = 37C cos 7Cx-27Csin nx .
ly=~
sin nx + 2cos 7Cx]
(392)
(8)
Applications of Integration
I : Find the equation of the curve which passes through the point A (1 , 5) , and the slope of the
4
, x :F _!_, then find
tangent to the curve at any point (x, y) is dy =
dx
1-4x+4x2
2
the other point at which the tangent is parallel to the tangent at A and find its equation.
[y =2 (1- 2xF1 + 7 (O 9) 4x-y + 9 =OJ
I
(9)
: If the equation of a curve is given lJy:
J (y + 4) dy = J
(3 -x) dx
. Find this equation gievn that it passes through the origin point,
then find the equation of the tangent to this curve at the point (3 ,
1) on
cx2 +
(10)
it.
Y2- 6x +By= 0
y-1 = OJ
I :If the slqje of the normal to a curve at any point (x, y) on it equals V2x + 5. Find the equation of
ihis curve given that it passes through the point (2 , 3) , then find the equation of the tangent at
this point.
(11)
ly = 6-
V2x + 5 , x + 3y-11 =OJ
: Find the equation of the curve which passes through the point (1 , 2), and the slope of the tangent
at any point (x, y) on it is x +
, then find the vector equation of the tangent at this point.
3-y
cx2 +
Y2 + 4x- 6x + 3 = 0
Ip=
(1 I 2) + f (1 I 3)J
(12). : Find the equation of the curve which passes through the point (1 , 1) , and the slope of the tangent
at any point (x, y) on it is dy

dx
and detennine its type.
4
3 3 ".f2x- 1
, then find the critical point of this curve

[y
3,y (2x-1>2, (!._ , 0)
Min]
2
9
:The slope of the tangent to a curve at any point (x, y) on it equals
> , and the straight line
x+3
2x-y + 1 =0 touches it. Find the equation of this curve.
[2y =x 2-6x + 27J
<x!'-
(13)
(14)
I : The slope of the tangent to a curve at any point (x, y) on it is <x2- 2x-3), and this curve
intersects a portion of length 3 units of they - axis. Find the equationof this curve. Then graph it
indicating the points of local maxima, and minima, and the points of inflection. if any exists.
[y= -
1
3
x3-x2-3x+3J
dm
(15). : The slope of the tangent to a curve at any point (x, y) on it is m, and - = 6x + 12, where m =
0 , when x
=-
dx
1 . Find the equation of this curve given that it passes through the point (1 , 1),
then discuss its convexity, and find the point of inflection if it exists.
[y =x 3 + 6:x:2 + 9x-15, f-2, -17) inflection]
(16)
dz
: At any point (x, y) of the curve y = F (x) . It is found that _]/_ = 2 (3x + 5) find the equation of
.....-...---.
dx2
this curve, given that the slope of the tangent to the curve at the point of its intersection with the
y-axis equals (-2), and it passes through the point (-1 , 4).
[y
(17)
=x3 + 5x2-2x-2J
2
: If the rate of change of the slope of the tangent to a curve at any point (x, y) is d y = 2 (3x-5)
dx2
given that this curve passes through the points (1 , 5) , (2 ,-3) , Find the equation of the curve .
Cy =x3- 5x2 + 91
2
d y =12x (x-2) . Find the equation of this curve given

dx2
that the point (3 ,-27) is a point of local minimum.
[y =x~ 4x3]
(18)
: The equation of a curve is y = F (x),
(19)
: If y is a function of x, dy
=(x- 3) (7-x) . Find the maximum value of y, if its minimum value

47
[-I
dx
equals 5.
3
(20)
: The slope of the tangent to the curve y = F (x) at any point (x , y) on it is
dy = 6x2- 30x + 36 .
dx
Find the equation of this curve if y =28 is a local maximum value of y, then find local minimum
fy
value of y.
(21)
=2x3-1sx2 + 36, 271
: The slope of the tangent to a curve at any point (x, y) on it is proportional to the square of the
abscissa (x - coordinate) of this point. Find the equation of this curve given that the straight line
2x-y + 1 =0 is a tangent to the curve at the point with x =1.
(22)
: The slope of the tangent to a curve at any point (x , y) on it is dy
[y =
.!._ (2x3 + 7)]

3
=3x2-
dx
the point (1 , 2) is an inflection point to the curve. Find its equation.
ax , a is constant and
[y = x3 - J:x:2 + 4]
[394)
(23)
I :Find the equation of the curve y =F (x), if this curve has a local minimum at the point (2 ,-151,
and d2y
dx1-
=4 (3x2- 6x + 2), then find the other points of local maxima or minima
[y
(24)
I :Find the equation of the curve y =F (x) if

(0,
(25)
=x4- 4x3 + 4%2-15, (0 ,-15) min, (1,-14) max;
:J
= ax + b if this curve has an inflection point al
2), and a local maximum at the point (-1 , 4)
[y
=x3-3x + 2;
I :Find the equation of the curve which passes through the origin point given that:
(a) The slope of the tangent to it at any point (x,
y)
on the curve is 3ax2 + 2bx + 9, where a, l
are constant numbers.

(b) The tangent to this curve at the point whose abscissa =-3 is parallel to the x.:axis.
(c)
There exists an inflection point at the point whose abscissa equals-2.

[y = x3 + W + 9.\:
(26)
: If the rate of change of the surface area (s) of a metal plate in
ds
minutes due to heating is given by the relation dt
m!- with respect to the time t ii
= -(3t2 + 2t). Find the surface area c

180
the plate immediately before heating given that S = 152cm2 when t = 15 minutes,.
(27)
[132m 2J
I :A swimming pool is to be emptied of water. The rate of change of the volume of water "v" in i
with respect to the time Nt" is given by dv =6 (3t-50) m3Jminute, and given that the volume j
dt
water is 400 cubic meters after 10 minutes from the instant of starting emptying. Find th
volume of water at the instant of starting emptying, and the total time taken to complete th
emptying.
[2500 m 3,
16 minute~
THE FULL
SOLUTIONS
OF
D.&I. CALCULUS
13961
DIFFERENTIAL AND
INTEGRAL CALCULUS
I
I
frirtt ::4w.
-------=-=======:::!..-- - - - - - 1 V X~3
EXERCISE ( 1)
Q) ::2xS-5X1t-1-1x2+4 = 14
t +9 =
,r,;-'\ = -2. -
1 +3
\.!!.)
fi\.::: ~ WoJ
\_V .x_,. D_?Cx-+ Z)
;;:: o + 1/c.no
=_!5!_
:::: 5'
+
:::::
f ::: 1
'Z.
<:>
r:i\_J..;.,,. (~J{x+i.J = J;+z. =~ ::::-2

\.,:v- .x..,,,4 (~ (.X+'t J 7FP1
11
'I
(~(~+5)
{;\=Li..
\!!.,)
.::::
~)(;x-?}
X-'>-,3
-3+5" :::
-.:::r:::r
.!:.. __ 1
-lb -
(;;\:. /,,,:.., (~(Z.X r5) :: l'f+5 ::: _!j

\__]) x._.,7 (~J(3x+z)
2-1-+2
zs
(};;\ L.,..:..[C~l[.(x+3)+2x] =-if --'-t

V X-73
.x(~)
3 (;7\ Lt;.,., (2~3)(4:~-7--+ 6:x+'l):::::' 'f+2+1
\!..!.) x_,,,3/2. (Z~) {.X-+3)
"1 .)
=6
~ [Pc~J]Cfx+z/--(X-t'l)+tJ;:::_.L
X~-3
(13\
(~)(:X-3)
l;,.(i/X-3)({i+4J
(VX-3) (6+3)
'..::,)
r;7',
\:::!)
=L,;_.
:x~o
=rf-t-4
::::
?if-f3
.1.
G
r:?-1 )(3x+ ") :::: l+'i :::: 0 = 3

(3X-f )(
T -t I)
I +I
(,?.. ::/.,;,.. x..,_(x-o+5f;x-J) ::::('JC-l}(.x~5'J ::.6._

C:x-1) ( :x-+ I} "l..-3
\!.:!) x_,,, 1
(:x-/) (x +1)
a,
:])ck "1> /, 1~
X--2:. &-Fol.) ::: &- z.xi.+x :t<. ::::: 8' +2-t 2 :lZ,,, f
:::t:-7'12:~'2 x1:.+'l...:X-t1..
~-+4-tl Id 5
@ -
- .X-?-
1lll
:X
ft+X-tX,_- '-f
+I
CX-+IJ[~,_+"2.]
@ :::L
2-}-
~ + 2.
yZ-fx-p(L -'2- X
I
V4-;:x-tx"'- +2.
x{~}
:;;::
@ : : /;..,
-f
r 7f
Vzx:i.S-~ x ~+6+4
v2;Jc+) + vx+4
(X-'J)(X-3)
..,_s f2.)c-t -ll":x-t4

:::
s:;Hf>CrJ;+;t.-rx-z+<-
ah;..,, (/.x.-t~ I.{)

"~' c~Qiii:ts+ r:ir.-+1i
X
:::.
V:X+ /
x (X-IJ-t ~
(:r-f}
+ Vx-t I
=~ :x<x-3fx-1J+w1I~(x-3J[{..t-1)+fX-HJ
~-'>3 (X-{) -{X+f) ';_.,3
A:':(x-3)
~3 C<r-t>+v:x+1 J ::: 2+2=4
_9.. ::::0
@ = lr-':i ={I; =2
G):::: ~-r CV)~ ;::~X ~:: i
= la.-.o +Sac o
XCl-3J <;t:-1) -
_ I
J 11'+vr -z.vr
VZH -t ~
t"u- 1 --+ t:x+4
- ?..(3-fl)
.:: 12
EXERCISE ( 2 )
10
~
2,:.\'.~o JA..2..X
::! L.:...
3 /.;_
a!; ~
~3)t
+ J.. I
_J.. __,_J.
- z
-r
-.i
3 -6
.:::: 3
1.!
=.
12
=....!. k- 5~ x3 ~~3" xJ.1.i- ~
A,, (3/X)
3/x...,o 3/x.
S .:X-tO /!i.:..5x
.::;
X?O
3 Xi
3x
2.. .:.t:_.,o t.t..VC
=.gxlx3x1xfxt =
13 =Li-~ + L..:.... .S.... hi.Ji.Ja-1:x.
x ,o Q..6..1..X
:it-_, o .S:.:,.'2..'X .?'--'>o S.:.. 2.::><=2. ~ E-- -t 't .I,,;... 0..:... '1x.x..l L,;_ 2.X
4...faJ =.2
(j) f0J=4-f= S-,f(f-1-i=S .. :X.-">/
2
Qf(o/=3-1>=3,f(d-t-J= .2:3 :.4:.. lc.xJ: 3

v::..J
1
.x~o
@Hf)=/-2=~ ,ff.f)=7-6=/.-.ltl,/f~
;x...,.o .so..iJC
:r~o <'f;;t..
fr. .[J =-6+7==jJr-2.+J=5-4==1:.U:..Fw = 1

~-~
2. X-i'O~
!i,... .%. .=2.+!J. _ J. = 3

x .... o ':IXl. "...,0 54...vr'2
2
14 2>~~ -",b Jl(/tJllhJ
b:, ::x: :. l.i... Fcx;
,,
- 11.i,.., /a.-.]X
l<J.
x~o
(f..:- 5
+ 2 ~o
J;_ ~) ~ (3 i.:... S.:..}A'.. -le- fo..."><)
z~
:><.; o 3X .xr>O x
=(5+2)~('3-1)=1~2. =t
x7 o
rie\flo)=(l;
~
=t, f(1Jj = o+2=2 .: ~A.Jo =2

.2:...,,.0
@ft[):::6-1:5 ,f(z+.J dK4n,f ~f
@ft[)
=1, frz+; = .3:.. =1 .:X"""'Z

Ii- fcxJ = j
'2
Wf(-/J=
- 3 =3, f(-IJ ::3-o=3.:.li...fcxJ=
~v
-1
"""%'
r;Q\.ft<rl:: 1, Fro+J= 4 = 4.:li...fo.J d"*f,n'I ~r

\!:_!J I
.:it-':>o
I
f(Z l=.!t.. 1 f [i+J
!f. .: li-l<:r; = !!...
3
3
:><-!>2
3
M~ri-J=4-3=i ,f(2~=1.t:... 0c.-1Hx--zJ

.x~-i.+ .x-2
:. J.i-f<.x.J = i
'e/ .
-=2-1::::1
X-'!>'l..
fiJ> f t-1"/ = 1:-. ~ - 2 x y;:c:::;- -f 2

V
~~ ;- x-5
V;ic-1 +-i.
= 4.:. .:x.-t-4
.z~s (:x-5"JcY.x..:'i+2)
F<~~=4- ':
f(0:::/i,,:.,
X"?/
iD.,..J
-=
;x.,, 5-
: _,- ::- _,_ -..L

Y'i( +2
z.+z, - 4 '
=-t .:.i.L-f<x.J = L
t
;;:c. -U)
(I)
:X-'>5'
.J.
1
xi_ f
f,;;\fl~>={-3x-x+5
.1.
J..
= J...x.1(,/-;
7
I - ~ ::::: ..l. .. /~/!<xJ :.

T
=!;...
'?-
:X-?f
= '-4.x.
J.X-.X +) :2X+S-
f(o-):::$-(J:S 1 Ffo+)=o+.>=5
.J.,
7
.1.
1
,x.~o
1X>0
.-.k-hx.J
X-'70
=5
@Fc"J=S-(2:Jc-3J-l-5-2.JC =-8-.fx ,.:x ~-t
- - l 1JC - 3 + ?'-2.X
::: 2
J .::x: > 1
+
2
f <.f..J = 8-1.txlz =z,P<./J =2 .:..x-;~
k-Pc~J =2
fi?:\ {11.)={1>+.lf+(:k--5) =/.t:X-/
vf
=2x+'1
X.::$'.5
>S
. F <51 = Zo-1 =1'1, f.Cfb -=lo +'1=11 .. U-fc~J = l'f
3X+J( -(.:X.-S)
J ::ic
:x....,.s
EXERCIS E ( 3)
4.t x:::. -
7T/.f :
~ (-Tl~ -t; ~ 4 L
4t-x
"-~-Tilt :x
='o<.-1 :
-'Ttt
u,
7t
Afx=o:
f(o-) .: 4 Ii..,.~
~'ti
?t
= "' "
FrtJ.,.) =~ '3 ~ ~Cl)4;c.): 1+1 ='1

.. . tc_
p. 'X.-'>o
(X)
=~
]'C....,. 0
Af-.X;
= '7T/4: F'(1T/"tJ =-3+(cn .,,.:::.3-l:'Z.
@f(
i) =4xi :..; =;.,, F<f:) =4, F<~-t->= +

t:Jntf. "'f x =%
..... I .U
@ f(4J :-13
4...Pc.xJ =t,;... <./iiiJT-3>(~+3)
.%-i>~
""-+It (X-4)(V2Jttl+3)
'l'--.lfl
-t:...
-.t.:... (2x+IJ-'I
- ""~i, Ci-4)({t.4/+3) -x-+.+ (:J1,.-4)(V2J<.+I +3)
t7-+3 =- : =f """' en.t.

=12
="
a.f x
~ fO) 2. 1 /i-f,~; = 4:.. <@-Vx+iX/fi=i'.,.6+0
v:v
=:.Ji-
.&-+3
~){Jt+J)(fiX-;+r;+i)
.:a:...,.3
('3X-5)-(:x+tJ
2
_ I
.:t.~3 r;t.-)J(::t.+3)(6i=S'+G+i):: 6(Y7f+r7i'J -1z
-~
114
?ft>f CVHf.
4f .X.:: 3
~ 7:x./(1~) =14 XI
X_,.O
;;;:: Fto):. F..i:icPltf. a} :x.::: O
tfi:\ ./.,;.. FCX) :::. 2.X-1 !.:,..

~-?O
:: lq
rHi\ lN...Fc.x.1 ::.3.x.l. 4.:.... ~ ::.~,,1-.1.:{: t(O)
'\::!.,)
<'4+.2~
:JC_,.0
2-X->O
.":. f':V., -nof
c-f. af .x ::::.0
(;/\ 1iw. FcxJ = _L ~ ~

~
3 ::it-7o :x13
;r....,.o
::. .J..
..:...)..
3 . 5
X->:.Tf
:X-'>1T
.:.. .1. 4;... Ji.<..:x/S"

5 X?6 :x;s
:2
::::f(t>)-.Fi c-f. a.l.x::: 7l

~
\t:::J
x ..., 0
= 3 Li-. .s..:.. 3 ~1
Li- Ii.;.. 'lex Ii... 2-
,,...,0
=it x{.lli,,..~)'1..""'
.t,;r...i.xJ = 1 = F(oJ
'2..:t'i>O X/7,
,Y
. F -VJ <rmf. a..t :x = o
.-. l.i-l<xJ =2 =f(/)

:JC...,./
@ f<-2-J=f J Ff-2+)= t =1<-zJ..f.idtf.t,,

@ -'-F(o-~
=5'-2.XD =5af') F(o+)
=3XI ==3 1 F{o) =
F -not
:>L = O
((!Hf-
~ J.i,... f'C;,.}
:X->ir-
l.:::.:J
:::
it-3::: i
,J.i...f:(}.)
.::t...,.1.-t
:::fi...!(Z-:X
-.(1r/t-.
::: 1 , F (,f).:: .tr-J.= I .-. F -VJ ca.if. a.f :x..= {'
H ,-)=(2-01:,..3 =4; f(l+';=4-f :.fiH'lt>f<t11

f<fl=.l.ff , F<:l'J =2+.f =l,f =f-fJJ .-:. f .c:.
Ct1t1f. af )(.=::3
f,?\ f
<2 +J _,.. oo
.. :Jt._,.'2.
t.:... I w dDt11 .,,of_.. t.-. rr ;,,,,..
P<3-J=f-;et )/(3-f") =9-J+3='1 =F<n

- F 4A <""t- o.fx=3
f(l):::~(;.t-;):2.
"""'"''f~t.J;.,,J
:::.1 x1 :::: 1
\!2) .:x. ..,.o

.:i:~o 3.X :x.._,o .3.x ;ii:.,.,A.,x
3X IX3X IX I=? ;/: Ffo) f:-i4r11J w..f. oJ X= o
~ fiw.FcJtJ
J;... 2(/- 0-:z'i.i:.!;; >J.x"L
~I
L.. Foo
ta,.. {'1/'Jk:?!) x I.I-. 71'/l - ,._

71'/Z -:x :><-7"1(1~ :ii...l'K?z-x J
f,;\ ii.,.. f oo
1,,;..,,/c)(}
.:>c"Tr/'J.
=~
;><-'>7f'h
~
F< 1+.J~.00
~
,Fen
/
FU"i:d.
,i,,;cll'iff. at)(.: f
fU7"' b:.. {x-l)(x+JUVi3 +z)
:::Li)(...,.,
Hrt-J
"~ 1 ( Y.x+3 -2)((.icH +2)

cx-OC:Jt+IJCfi+; +z} = ,_ ( V7f+z/ = g
:X-+] - 4
=3-1.+-,. =fl = FflJ -~f-h<u.f a.f .x=,
M f-cJJ:{-z:i<-:>t-_,.2 =2-3:X.
'.:::.::J
2. .x -x + 2. ': ::x -+ 2.
F-<t:O=
2,
Fo'1')= z.
.,'J<~
:x >0
FloJ:::7. :.f;,, c(Jttt. 111.f:x
'
~ f
'!!,) (XJ-
3J(.X+3J = lf ( x- ( :K-J)
X < 3
O c+3)
J
.d'
:x-1
..1:X:>,;3
p (JJ ::::Ff:rJ =f(3J= - 6 .. /.'"" c,,..f 4 f x : 3
;x:2_3;x.
CJ:..
'(!.JI F< x> ::
_:x(:x-31_ x-3
-ix
--:z:- ,:x<6
=-f , x :
2
{ ~-.x(x-tJ)_..z-4-3
ZJ< - _ _ :;;...i...;:
-3
+
ffo ) ::: -z 7 Ffo
:x>o
?..X
2.
)=-z3 , f foJ:::.f..f
4411,,fr,,,f. a.fx=a
{-<x+3)+ (x-s) = -8 ,
c.A
~
f<x.J
'=
(:X-t3)
.:x~-3
+ (~-5) =ZX-2 7-J<X~5'
(?c.-t 3) - ( X.-S)
='i
X> :>
:. f (-f) =-B, f(-J-f')=-6-Z=-8 1 ft-1)= - 8

.. f ~ ( tl>t/. .t.x =-"3 1 f(1-J=- Prs+J= f/5) =3
..f 4' 4Tftf. al- x =5
'( ~ .,P ""'10 . ,h 4 p ol,p.
--
- { 3, }
(ji),c~:rx,.,_+it
-1Jt:JJ?:.. ~)=(x-1)(:r+l)(x-1x.x+-z)
: o ~ :X =i oil
o~ 2 o~ - 2) tad~
mvm. / k,,. ~ at4 .... f.'~w..t..;..,R-f-1,r,2r2}
@) 2J 11Wttti..
]-<><>) 3 J
~ tlE ]-"' 1 3J
Ya.E]
0 {,
1 :
- X -XJ- ::::::0
+ D-4
() -1."-e. .
:.J)(l'>Hai- -<4 [-3,2] >
Va. r-1,2J
CtMt . .;.,,,,
1).,,..c.U;.,
7?} F tttJ
44
f
.wk..
Va. f:R ..
(j)
5' 4.
( 3+Jt)(1..-X)
fta.J= f6-a.-a1.
~ ~
(a)=
~J-ao 1 3J
:.fh
.wk...~=-3 oR
Li-fr:x1:::SIL+~::.::f{a.)
2.:>t
-3=
L'
"17
S3 l
v a."'" 1'<-tz:r
'->'
c{Mt. ._ R
li..,fuo
f(a.)
;JL
.-Jt,,UJ>tt.;,..
.R-fl~
X_,,a
~ F~ ~ AEft! 1 ::1:...;.fl
4-;,.. fco =2.li4../i+Ccn/1
\!2
::: F(A)
:. F ~
Cfh<f.
.;,...,,
1(
~ A : R , /.i,,,.. Foo :::: i"..s:.:... 3/1

X""""A
= FrAJ FM <emf. ,i,,,. '1?
(if\ F tYt
/.U, ..X ,i,.o
L#IC!:lf:::/
f
(a
4
~lj
71f;Z 1 So
a X ::: 7T/z_ +711T 1
R-l1Tlt+?11Tj
!i.,,,;::cx> == la....19 =- f (AJ '-Fi,., ccn-.f .;,,,.

X- 1J
f TT/'2 + 'n lT, -n ::z. f
1.i- FC.:x>
x:..... 7'/z_
=f'(1t:)
z,
:. 4,.,,,
)
.t4.. (1f/2-x>.::::
:x~Trh 2-(1f/1.-:X)
a..
- .J. l..;..,. ~ (7!/z -?L =a , -:. a.- .L

2. J1<_.,,T(1- 1J72 --:x
'2.
:F-'4r,..f.1J.f.:>t.=1 .-.{.(,-) =fCIJ
:. 1+b+3 =l .. b..,.3. IJ&o f(/.,.) ..,;(I)

.: -+b =1 ... 4..+3 =7 .-. a..: 1t
C'rmf. qyi an .in!iii.V"a..(

f 44 ea p+,.,..;,./ .. HiJ
Q)
0(.h:-3)"l..=o
.;, , a.,.+. .. f'
(3)
X -i- Z X - I ) :
:x=
.s:;,... .:x: .:::: 0 ~ie..,, :x

~Ae
4-, FC;x.J
(A
~-"J>A
p.t,, c~.
Ctnx =1
(t:fl.~AE
: ( fiM,. 211) /
<t.~ ccr:i
Ci:;rnf:
c""'f. ~ "R
~, e.a.c./,4f-.J4.4
i<> , ....t . ....
~ - ~.f \
o - ' - ;x : - 3 alt :x. =:S , e1.cJ.
@ :r-n e<Ld. ~
/:i4
:t (fMl:{f)
_,
cit x:::I
f(l)=3 ..
F12,-,
{I}) (2);
a.p+.
(S~3):::3,
(4
(M
(aJ
@
I-n
-:X(X-3}+2 :::-X~3.X.+ '2

fe,x)-::. { X(X-3 ) +2 =. X"l.- J ;c.+ z.
.L<Jci "'(
1X~ 3
, .x >3
J--d[ ,JJ,>(, f4,, 11.p4.cnrf.
at .x.::::3: FCF) =f(3+) = frJJ .::2

.. f "'1 ,,,...;
(1>f
:.
f h c""t. qt.:><-=3
R
2
.r.,. ]-tx> , I [ , F.ha. /za.c!i",,,a/f-c, C;., c,,.. f.,

.
.;, J 1, > [ ,f u 4
(U>tr. J a.t -!:=_I :
iF(o = l-J =-a> F<1+)-.:::-2, f. ( n= 1+3 =-2
.
1-3
.
.-.. /! (I)= l.i:-fo.J :. f .ioc,,.,t o.J-.x-=1.. f u 1,,..t ..., t<
?C."'> /
P4
@rn~oC: [0 1 1[
, ]
l,z. [
J2, 3) f.;,, c...
p4. cuwl:, 11f-.x= 1 : F(O:f(l +):d(I} :.f0

cJ. 4f..x =I
((//ff.
7 a.f- ~: f(t-)::::
ttl;J<.: 2.
-~
(2-+)
=f (z) . F '4
f i.. (fl'4. f. ()'}') [0,31
@Jn J-oo , -/[ ;
h a P+ emf. ,
J - I 1 z [, F;,, a.. pacf/,,,J f u..di;.. u,.. t .J

Z:n]Z,ao [, f. V., a p c/Jp. . t:( .. f . , 4/:x. :-1 ; H-fJ :. f
::::f(-J~) :::-f(I) .-.f.W Ct;.if. a.t.)t.:-/ ,11t::x.=.-z:
F () =I J /:( z1"; :::: 4 '- f Mi ?tof t:q,, f. afx=2 ~
I11
fCX):{~.:x+9-(3-x.) = Sx+6 J X~3

"t:x +'I+ "J _ :Jt. == 3.:x. -+12 ) x > 3
:1,,,, u.d. "(]... Do ,3 ( ' J 3' DC> [, f M> (I.
af ::x. = 3: f.(fl :::f(J+) = F(3} .-. f~ <a.,f.4fx= 3
.-. F i4 e"" f. tnr R
P+
( (!>ff.
f.,,
-:/ -t 3,X(X-2) =3~-6:X-t--11X ~2
f(X )= {-:j
-JX(.A:-2) =-Jx"'+6:J: + 11.X>2.

tad r( ]-ao,z[ 'J< 1 ...,. ( , f:i-, .a.f4.rtmf.
,~f';x.=i.:
f <D
.. f .;:,
(t!><f. "" (-?
=f(2 +; =f rn
=1 ... F
G1>1f. at.JL= 2
14051
=() ,
-(.x+3)+ (:x-2)
fc:tJ:
(:x.+3)+ (.X-2)
{
(:x+3) -(.X.-Z)
=-s
='l:X.+I
:::
5"
, :x~- 3
1
-3 <.x< '2.
X:~ 2.
f-i\f<OJ=/.,:__ - 3h1.+l-{:L)= U:.{3h)

~
~o
A
h~o
f'to+J:/.,.;.. zlr+J -liJ=i ... {(o)U{}'(An1f~
lt?o+
Jf
(;;\ fo?dJ.t+AJ7+3t/f-Ji J+4 -
V!_)
'"o
,I,
<8) =Ji:-
lt~G
ltff+M= 5
h
f( 1+) ::::~"+ 1JCl+h~+"3-(/5} 5 .~{ff. afJC:i .-. f{I) tfo6'.,,oftJy..ut
.. f h Cl?lf. 11.f .X : 2.. .~ f u c-f. " .R
I'1'1 ~u.J
'1
J- - , -3 [ J ]-J,
@ ~F(-iJ=N-o
:.
-tt
2. ( '
+7:::: 1+1>1 ..... a.+?>k::(.-1()
:f(i}=f(2+) .. 4 t-m::::6+4 .-. a-""'= -Z..(l)

F'7"".., Cl J +CZ J . -za. 4 ..a =2;, f,t_.o 1...
't
...,,=
'
"' {
2 lt)L
fUJ:::.
+b
J ::X. ~ 1.
J:X?Z , .
"' +
f /(z-) :f(Z
)
:. Lta+b =1 --- - cu,-.-Fi.orllfl -.f.,:Jc .. t .

. F< z-J == k2+-J Lta. + 2 b + c. = 14 - c.
.. ~a +z b +u := /4 . - -tzJ, H 31-f (I) = 13
3-1
2.
.-. (2/-C}-(a. + b +c) = 13 - a. +h+i. C =8 - . --CJ)
.. 30.+ b
/:"-t<'M (1..)-{j}
-~
o. = 3 , Fz., W
=lt
- - .. <4J
> f=-2,,....(IJ-{.!t)
:. b:: -5" J Fn--nJ -~ c
=5
-VW.!-. -~'!-~_4-L P/lokf~- - -- ------- -
G)
'
F<xJ :1(1-Zx-+x )+(-"2.-+3-" )(zx+3)

J
oX
+ 'f.J<. -fl.X-4
,,.
F<:xJ
= 6x (.x."Z:..5"x+z.)+ (Z.X-S)(3XL.-1)
=12:x~4S.x7:+1ox +s
f w =zo:x - t,J - 3(zx-5 J _

l
3x-/{) 1
ix -: .
r:;::;..
d: :
ol
2..X
-.L
i(.:i-1)
l ,X2...X.
. d;z.. -- :x
.. dx . v':x"?.-(
'
(.i?. f X 1-(x -l} x....32!:FtxJ = :%-,..
t ~
:x'-.+I
..Fil) 1-o 1
' ~
=-t- =
:. dz
t:l.ci -- "''J
. :. dz_
di . 7fi
=2X )( V,.:1!:1=.L
:x..
=2v.x:i._,
~
=2z
d J<._ (2t-0(2J-(zt-3)(z J
4
=(Z/"-lfl.
7F (2f-l)'I.
r/9 _ (2 1"-l )(IJ- ( /:+ 1) (2)
i1F ''~
'*
J..-j
=-3
:: -(2t- I }l. . .. (2.)
(2t-1)'1
WiU<l1 I -
d-x_ -- 1'"1
CfF
.. . (1)
df- :::. 1/r/)I

dx
iJF -_ tI
---if= - j '
~ 2../--/.::f.o A..e. t =
11=1! -
1iF
=-37- 4 =-
!----- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
EXERCISE ( 7)
=-n-, CD
f3 j :z.
cl. CJ _ I/ff = J.l.il_ _ JJfl.
' (5 - Yl+f
Y~/3 - 2.J'IJ
, ""'k.,.
ch
:X=
dz.
= "({;.. Xa;:
0
0
2Jl -+ 2 !I
3)t."L_3y' g
\ '
::.3 ...
~ =-
4l : : - 'V
!ldJ. +./x zx.-=:o , ~A'

JX~ ::2'J=O 1" :- ~
:x 'J-;.
2
=3,2 ~.. p:':t'J ~
,. 5J:I :3X =:'1'1
3
6Y
'lfi 0~
<tt =,25.- x~ =25:.- = 3 ~' = l l
~
~
'J)C.
2 'J
Z-K.
2r+
" dJ (Y-
't)
2.X+Z.!J
:X.
7.
Z.'J~ -6-B~
= 3-x
:.x+y~ -3-lt iJ="

.. 511 ... 3~,'=~
=o
1! :2.x~ +'/J<.2.
) JW,Q.I,. iJ,.;-z.
-~ ~( Y-x) ='I-"' .-. d.fc = 1
2.X-l:X~
:. 2X-3'J
;;c7:..j~:/ .~,1"-t:'J'1/..
?.
@)
x2x3
.:
~ =0
-YX3
-4Y~
= <'
=~ (3:x.+l.tY J .:. #I=;:-:;:~
3.%1:.. 6:icf!-!JX6
:Ody
~ 2
... ?i(x.'- i'JJ =3~ ci.x +37 --ax= ~; ;2
-'f!ld!.2
+'
f(X);:;:;/SX4(3X-7:)X3,
<it}
F(:X) :=1620)(2 ( 3JC~-Z)X'3
1413
@L.1-/.J. :4<n~(-;_x)+4~ 1 x c.,.,,c.

'f Ctn:X .4_;x. ( - Cvit.."- + .S:...:.... i :x:)
=2. ...:..... ?X(-
COJV<)
= - 2.4...~ ~ :it.=.-.S:..:..-1.tx.:-Rf.IS.
,.
~t <=-if~ "l..X
z:-
SA.~?..x. +
=~"):.(/+
=S..U...-i;x..
Pz =
,..:::: .f';
14...'l..:>cJ .
(~ct.x.) r:::.iel+:.c
~;
:z::.S.:.....17:::.o
c:
,~
3 ~ 3.X. ,
c.vk....
=3<fl?7r=--3)
d!. c~xiJ:=3X(-3)=-'!
di.= io(zz::.._o~, ~I::: I ~z-:- ,
-=/t>(Z.-1)
:::.f<.H,S.
'Z.,:.. .S.#ll:x_
~.x =~;z=~=/ ,it-.:.{xz.=1
/.l
CU"> t.X
t A' 3 to._
22:-t- 3 )
= <>r3 =3
'f
. . .-. l. H.S. :: -44..:.,, '1..X- 4 (C-) VCf-~4..1..:X +4fa>'ZX

:::: o
fl
.x.,_
"-=1tJ.J1_-=-IJ_x$: ::/IJ xt=./()
@ ~ == llz'Xt(l-2J!--1J =- ~(1--z_)t,'
@ 'he= -x .s.;..')C.
+((fl)(
-(:X.l<nX..+ ~)-..x..
(6.i.
.
J c -~ CO'>)C..-2.~X
~k~ = -(-x5..i...x. +c.tnx)-2G:nx..
= X.S...:x - 3ccnx
.: J'I-:::
"
: . . L,H. S. ::x ~~-3cv.>x.-x~:i+Ccnx

+ l. CCfl:X .::: 0 :a le~ H. s.
414
@-
" 3'J( 'J-Z) :.::o .. 'j=o a R !I= 2. , F-?1tn A!k..~

:. x= 5 128 x. :::. 1 .. A = ( 5 1 oJ 7 B ={ f " z J
EXE R CISE ( 9 !
------.-.!============::_______) q.
~
,,
Fex' = 6:x - to : >c. (hJ ... 'X ::o :. x < 3
\:_,; (o.J
,,
"""=FrzJ
<ii) 2-.X-(JC.4!_+'/)-f'Z'f1l=o ..tf.t-::. :t- z..x.,

cv. o~
dj Z J - .X
. 7.iC_ lii-,f // j'-41" "-' .. 1.'f-X
O~. . :X.= 2-J
=2
:.
:.
Jx- 31:::-(.X-3 ) s ..Jef. ~Mb. -e9 . ~ ..!k

/
:. FrxJ::2.X+5 +..x - 3 ::3x+i.'111=f<o)=3
,
f
.J.
-3
{;Ji,) :::: .3.. (:X- 4 ) ... -m :::f( '5) = 1.

3
.
3
,.
-t
,..
[b] FOJ=~(l+&-1- 1) x zx
:. ,,.,=f<l3}
(0.)
::: ..2 { l+2):ix v'3 =

?.
ca.J
,.
Fr.xJ =
:i.
2
3X -
2~
3 113 x V3
.1.1..x - S ..
'2.
:. f{ XJ :::-:X (X- 2 )
= Z:X-:X:
... .,.,,=fu;=1 .-. tn-&-::.t
,,
( C)
"'
F(X)
=-=..!_2
(2)(.- /)
.....
. f( I): i;.X-3X
.. & = o/5.
.. '>11 =F<lf= - I .. ,f)
.:x.=2
=13 5
.. '1=4-4-3=-3
'l.
='I :.:x -
- 12
.-. (.X. -.f.r}(:X.+3)::::0 : . JC:::q ~
-3
=o
"!f::/:{4)
~ 'f:::::ff-.JJ=-t .-. ,q=~, i ) , fi= (- 3;-t)
~:,)
'2.
.X=.:".<.
=2X-2. ) SlojU- "f4u 4f. ~ = 2.

'L
(;;;\F~.xJ =
-(X-Z)
e~ .: .1ty?._ z.i2+'I; 3
::ic
::; j
.: /iz,y,!I
(b) ..
..
Ft.xJ:: '! : . .x-:x-3
c2J =-I
= -1
.. t9 = 1 3 5
:>e=i .-. ;r<Z .-. J.x-2)::
"'lWUK
. ~ ZX-Z-:::. 2.
=.1.
/
"'=.f
.-. yi. =t'/=1
11
/
( l+-2:.t:l( i J - (;l<; )X 2.
(l+Z;x)'l..
-:::s4;u-tf-1.k .J.b:.u ... - 1- u+vt.P
.. 1+2x =1 .. .x= o S!.ti.

'f -:::: F{- 1)=1
=Tf ... (!+2.xl:
- t , 'f=::Ff<')
.-. ,4::::{o1 oh B
,frxJ
U+2Jc)'l.
=o oR
=(-1, f)
( d)
3x (j) Foo:::
2
~
.:;x.
'Z.
'l
'1 1 : m =/'"""' 135' =-I -' 3X-'t=-I

:1 .. :x:1, !f :::/:OJ =l- 4+1=-o ~
'j:::/:(- 1} = - I+ 4 + 3= t .-. /I : (l,o ) , 8:(-1,{)
:. 6 +ll +c= o ... c -=-13
@.-
-2+1.t+c=o .. c=-2
: . -3 ~ x ::J, ~ :34.x.l.+ z.b.x.
. ~ _ 3::;30..+2-b ..
-(I) J :0;-2)
lit,,
C'Yl 'lk..
a. +b .. -CO ... - 'r= '2A +z la . .. (3)

r-1um (IJ- ( JJ ..a.::: 1 ~ F<i,.,., (z,J b =-3
c.t.UW<.. ... -Z -:;:
'J=o .. (.:X-3}(x+I) =o:.;x-:::3 ~-1 ':I= :y !8- ~ 1 ~ 'f::J ..;x. (.x-3) =o ..JC:::o o..8 3
P'4 "{i../ie,, . 4'\t. II =<3,oJ,8=(-1,oJ, :.fJ~/;ef.;..luu.. . """- (0,-:,-1,(3,sJlwl 'l = -6
e/~f,WC. ~~"tX
2..x:-2 . 4t1J: -n1= <JJ
Lf'f
@ Puf
:.
f c)t.) =
'i =4,
4:1.1
,;,, :J -o::: 4 (x-3J ": ". ~>-!! -12. ::::o,

4t8 : "*' =Fr-1J=-~--i =-4, bf of J~IU,
'f-o -=- l.t(x+IJ ..f. .e.. ~x +J +"t =o
p.,.f
;I:. =
:.
!11+4 !l- 12:::0 ;.(.(:/-2)(1+6)=0
Af(o1 :i- J:
-3 .-.Ef'i.,.,- ')-5 =~(?C-o)
11.!.lJ.U}: l l "'3 .. iif. ..-f 11,,,._. ~-5 ::d (X-3 )
if.=
ii~
@ u,oJ A~ oci "{.../..(.. &'utJ ~

:. o=t-1a.+b ... co, o=c-1 ..c=J ,
'1J <f 14 1= fl '1'..J4c, z~d ."'4 :r =t
.-. P4. '1 :- ~, . l%l'j( /l:::(o, lJ, 8:::(01 -6),

2:x +i:ti!.. -4 + 4dJ:. :::() :. l/fll: 11fJ.-4+-v=o :. 2x+a.=C-Z.)C. .-. 2 +a=1-:z .-. a =-3,,
.. ~ = -f :. Ef. 1 ~3~f Y-t={(:r-o):~-i!J+'f::o PtnH w .-. o =1-.J.+b .. b =::2
11re: -izi!..-4.+~f!= o
$. -; : ---4:
.. Ef. 4f la...jWfMl 'J+6 =--/:(x-0J.-x_+2y+l2=o
@IL X-i:v+i.g: -p.J !/= o
:.;x=o e!" -'1'~-~~liA4. au. o(o, o),llC"t,o)

f'"''.x o : . ':/-=<> d!f 6 .. p.G.
o(o,o) , 13(076),, z.x+iJ.iJ.-4-61J = o
~ y_ ~ :
aA.t.
:. JC!- -lr.)L=o ..;x.(X-qJ::::o
"";,..rvw.
/:If' 11: 8-4-6m1 =c:i .. m1= ~ ,

.tJ...t!}i /2?rtz-4-''"'i.:::o ... ,.,:z. =
:.-m1=1ffi.1
Ef trf 1,,,,..l J/1'4 'J-o =.j-tx-'O ~-~ 2..)c-3Y-3 =o,
F:'f. If ta.-1.JB-ki J-6
(.:x-oJ~.~ v=-3'i +18 :::o
1-
z(.,. i ~: zx =a d! .. 5&=- ~ =f.__J.-=.?: ... w

vr;;;... /,k
nl dy
#.
i5. a.
a.
a.
~: lfi.. =b-2:x. :::;; b -vd "" b -i .. . f.ZJ
:. ! .: : b-2. - - (3) .(!JO)~ ~2!!Yf~
:. o:::: b-J .-. b = J, F~ l3J :. ! =:-/ .'.d=-z.,
Cl'lt
F'1'*1(1);-m:::. _; : - I "- E?- of I~J!:=:I '4;

Y-() = _, ( X-/) ,: ~ ..x. + 'j-1:: 0 7 ti7. "".!..""~. . i,,
!l-o=:.1(.x-o ~< :x-'J-l=o
=t
FOJ:::-2.)1.
:. nt
=-2X l ::.-1.
Et--1""~
@11:::: -4+l:X
~1. =o ~[.,_
x == z.
/ F,,.,..,
,,& c..ww<- (., . ... 'j::::-/ . ,l/.:::(Z)-1)
~ Y-3 ={ex-I) i .e. x='-'1-S .. . .. . (/J :. E.f.~14..:;. ,i<J 'J+/-:::o(:x l) ~<.. 'J+l-=o,,
:. '1=4-(zY-YJ2.i.e..(4Y-7JCY-JJ::o:.y::f.,JC3, er- "'f1rtth>1.;,., "J+l = frx.-2; .~. :c-z= ~
f.!Z""' u; :. .x = f.! t ..A;;;;
1''!!.fi:
711
<--f , t)
::::-2.X(-{J=- 3.1-f 1/a.,,p-f.;.,,,
'J-f= 3(X+t)
S~d ...tA.c. /W6 i!-1:; ..J o -
'i- Y'-=o
~el/ .. x=-3 ..Ef. af,/i,.Je..f i.o 1-1=Jc:r.+JJ ~+1. =-U.x-1} twf 'l=o .-. '1=o :. B=.lo 1 o) >
'-x+ 3=o 1 Ef-"(._,,,_, J4 '1-l=o 0:+3) :. 'J-l=o ~ t( 77n- =i .-. I/4 ~f. .;... !J+ 2 =-!: (.x-1)
P"f '/=o ... x =5 :. c = ( s, o J ..Be= s .-;Ii,
A (AABC.J =-txs-x '2. =S .St-4'4"-L ~t;
@s1?L"'(L44-f. ~ =-/=-3,
"
.. 1-...L
-1.. =Jj:yc.1=_..l
oelJ. = t-.1.
X'1.
"-i. =-3 :. xt.
11
:<L,M)E..lk c.W'WC- ff:L 2-3L+z .... ({),
:.x =:t f. , F-"- ~ u.6WG lf. :. 'I= i:: [
~-~J .(r~/:,
ct.u.
!J-'i =-3Cx--J:):.JX+'f-V=o
4.!!I Y+ .f=-3("+i> -'~ 3..:r+~+ It =o
:. -4'-M -=(2L-3)(1-L) :. r1= :z.L1 -sL-1 ... {?J
stz'. "'~ .J. ~ =-f .. .skp.r.of.i/JJ.-::.-3

-.!J =-Z.X.-3
... ZX-3=-3 ..x=o :.'f=S
.-. Ef. "('./""'J~f _;,,,;
Y- S ::: - 3 ( :C - 0)
!11 = (5"-JC.)(/J- (X+3)(..:.I)= ...!._ _ 2.

c.5"-xft.
CS"-.xJi. - . T
(iii;\
v fl.
ff= '2.X-3 ..slop m:: 2.L-3 .. E'f "f~t
44 ';/-H=(2..l-3)(X-'-), 0,-4)..4-."/;;,fiu' ~f
CIJ 1 l1.J :. L2-3L+'2-=2L1:..'SL-I -''-
L'-2.L-3 o :. (l-3)(L+I) ::.o L J !B-.1,
t:J'l #'r>'1 UJ .. tf = 2. ~ 6 ..pt.. tj lii..~':!I .r.u..
A ( 3,1.) 1 8(-11 6) .. EfS. <'( /A..14/i 4'1.1..;
~-.2.::::('2-d-3)(:iC-3) =3.t-- 'f "~ 3:X-Jl-'1 =o,
!J-l=(2X-1-3 )(::r.+I) :-SX-$4.'<. S':X+!J-lO
p1"""
:ie::r;
.If :. 5-% ::: :J:: 2. .-. "::3 ~

F""'"' ,,a,. ~ ~ 1 :. 'I::: 3 ~ 'I = -5
:. tfS r(
GA&. 'f-3=Z (X-J)it.. zx-Y-J=o,
. ~+5 :::2(.:x-1;-c:e i.:x.-Y-l'l=o
:.($"-;r)Z::
Iii-,....,
@t ;;az!":
riv= c.x+3JCl)-(;r.--zJc.IJ= J _
d.i
+I)t
(:X.
(X+3)1 1
=I.
~~ =-l :. ~ = S
-(..th 1st::: zx-1
:.1.)(.
.x,,,;: 3 ' f-"k-rH ,a._ iii :. 'I = ~
Ef. ~~- .U 'l-6 = 5 (:x-3) -i..e '/-= 5":1'- <f
=' ..
@s.1"!"-1.t.(,._.f. ~ =4~4(;.~.1.:-fll~
x1J. +~
..f!cx-IJ=/-!I
It_- -x:;
1-1 . .. <.z.J , F'tfhH(IJ )<zJ :. x=r
1-Y - -;;
-I
.. iii.
: . .1/-lf y
.AU,
-=!+.
:. :x =4 f-3 8J s..J,,J: ;,,._

-ef .-. ~.i1=-8Y+3=o :.(lY-J)(Zf-l)=o
=-:x.+ I
CUJUI(.
.-. !J =~
l=tn,UJ .-.:x =3
.... II' = ( 3,
Er.
'J-
oil
f'ln<3> : .x.-1
B <- I, >
Er 1r-1- o.t B =
'J-{ =
(x+I)
.. =
i)
of .rlkff. ar/J:
":-e. .:x.+4!1-1 =o
~
f;f)t.)-
-k
-f
.J ==--f;()(.-3)
!l=f
.i.~. X+Jf!f-f
_J__
- (l+z.x)'1.
''WI::: 1 :. _!__
(J+ZJC)2
=o
= l.
:. 1+1.x ::t:.1 ..::>C.aO f.if.:X'A-/1 !/=t>~i

... A= ( o 1 o) , 8= (-11 I) :. Ef. '/ l"-p.tt 11/!J ..U
'/-o
:H.%-o)
(D
C-rr J + ~ :r::<-Crr J
;;: 7f' CU) 7T;it:. + .,,-s..:.,.. 1T.:>C.
ft:x.J:::
c(f;)
TT;;:.
,,,
:.m
=F (tJ =?Tern 7T r 7f"S-i.t 7T

:::.'if"X(-f}+ n,10 -:
Fa>=:?.an;(:x.(J.{)+~:[:x.
-7T
{t:X)
:::: :Jl:x.?..
( /Y.) :JI
:x.. + 2.X s.;.... :E
jl_
z...
z,.
'Z.
....
..,,., =Fez)= l.7f'
CPJ
-rr+ 4 s+.. rr
:=z1f(-0+ o =--2.7T
FCX)= (l+CCl);it.}1(0 -3(-~:>t)
(/+ CO?:X.) ,_
-~
?11
=F-CfJ = "+
'3
tl+o
:.
)l.
f(X} ::: .::i.t,c,"L(7T-2:>t)(-2
.i..4- :x.-!f::::.o
-7.. S...c.'L (7T-7...X)

....
"2..
m-:::.FfoJ :::::: -'l..~c. 7T
:::-z
X(-1)7... .::::--2.
-a
F(.Z}
...
= 2.:JC-~'--?..-t Ci) +!R...

.,
...,,..
(2.)
-~ Ef.of f~:U ;
'l-
':J+it
m-=F()::t~c.-f+ z lii...~
.:: :[rnl+z.x 1 =7T+2.
F(.:<f
at:Q)
r~+
Bf.~ Al~al
:r)
F<X) =x ccn i (-l_ ) +S::..-;_ x J

.... m = f (37!7 = Ert:.t:n .nr:. + ~ u
'Z.
-a..
'l.
= o -1 =-I
.:. tJ
fa.,9 ::::-/
0
Ci)
Ftx.J:
=2.-1 =i
t -<~ . e =
==x-z. <.-t....:x-2.'j-IO
U-~~)..,_
... 'WI c:
(i )
'Fro) = (1-o)-Z...tL::t:.J.
(';;:\"
~ F<xJ
~.e.
.;. Eq. tr(~,;_,, ; '1-i
'j-:><--1::::
~ '1 A/cwrr,J =- -
..(,Q
3'i =-x .<.e.

~+3'}
= 3
'!
~ 3 (:X-())
=i
tj --3 JC ;::;:: 0
J- o = - ;
'
(:x - o)
(:.!l)+crn~(
z 2.J.
~
-':. m ::: F(i.).:: - .+ .s..:.... 7T x +

= -2. '!Tl. 0 +(-/)X'l
= -
~ :x.:::.z. ;
== lf ,((-/)
=- 4
.-.J>~rfr,,_~'-':I ~ (t-)-'t J
Ct:.ll 7TX2.
2. '
=3XI( X lt +.If::: 5'2.e-.../,41.C.
(j) ax!/#- +2.!J.r/J - 6sj; =o " U6X3+zx'ld/

-6x3::o ... 8~ =-18 . . dt ;_~ c,..,fA,u-..
t 3 cl.. ~'/- -- ..L"'f /"-1._- "fTr

..fw, - - -:.L
dY
- 4 t']i B '
(IF -.::(3.:X - 3) -jf: . .. (I) , _.,Ai., f':: '-J ..:x:.J;tl;+
r;:\ :x. =ff
'l.
.i.~. :x=- 1+3 =4 ,FJ1"""
F<xJ =-u. s..;,.,.:In!

'Z.
+~
0~:::: 2X '{jf. +2.'iif :::ZXU-1+2X2X2 ::6~(/w..
\2.)
=o
'f ::::. "f Cm 7T
1-o
= -1 (x-o)
EXERCI SE ( 10)
011 = J.x.?..~
'f-tJ
-'( , e_
'l..
-~ +1'1 =3'
'f /v'_~~ ~
_f_
= 1-c =t
,,,, =froJ::::2 +fuzoc2--r t
Cf.
,-, ?~fo{/i.,,~~ .iA (o,i)
2..+ Se.c ;x._
.:.. E<f. at ~f~;
$!t29_
/-f;...,D
-<-l x.+ 'j - i =o
-.S:...o
= 1.(:;i:.-o)
,,. 1 ,
~ ;><. =0 .UC.. y =
. E?- a( /a.r f ,i.., 1

'1-1
=o
-z..~(1-~:x.) CO">'Z.X-CcrJX..
fs
~X ~X
.-..m:F(tJ):::Cm(J
-- z.tj+'6
--Jf. ~ 'L
)
@ F<x;== (!~~) (-a~-z.xJ-Ccn'ZX(-cmx
(/- s.;....-x.)'=
=F<TJ = .s.t.l~ - S..:... :{ =
.-. ra-tJ ::::.
>
.iA .,
=-i (:x- 2.)
'1+ 4
=135
FOlJ ='r.5..t.c?.if-<.J;J-2.~~
:. m
J+-z..:x..:::: 0
A.~
(2.)
- ~ = F ( 7/') =Cr.l)(z.11-r.!f)('Z.- )= v:nf'

=- 2..X f = 1. :. Pi,.,, ~ =1 -' f) = .ltso
(j)
.(.~.
=-2..(:x-2-)
'1+4 =---'U+tr
llJ ..
g = (1./8-3).X.-j= 1,r
1JF) +2.J 1/ =o '~..

'fl!. =2. ~ ~ 4 ;c 'fl.
-'2.!I fJ; +:lY f,{. ~o
. 3:X1f = o '. 'IJf. :Fo -. :x ::o F.JJum 1'.k. c.wwt.
et ii..= 1 ..y:l ..J'lp/4. 4AL. (o,1), (0,-1.)
2-~~ -
(xt/J+ y
-x"
uf "~ An..tultA
1:u. ::x~a
2
..fl:z:x .-.!Jf:::-4>rf/;. :JtXSX-fJ.()o5
:: -od ,,,.,.;z./MC. t-~-/111.14 cUou44U Jo.tr-;,,,.,
'J'L=::1c''"+t:t
..
llJ
.. Z'J(/.. :,Z.x ~ -- .
UI/., :><.=.If :.
F4,,..,.. fZ.J.-. 5
(Z)
'-/-=ZS.. =:J
'JI:::: l;X
=16 ...
1IF + zy1f
@lC't.+,Yz.
.-. Z"x
tJ~ x:::: 4.t...;.
6l .,,. 2
12+ 'it :/6 :. 9 2 , F""""
:. Z
lJ/:: -6 :. 1/. =-3
m/,U.C
@" +':1'1..""' i:zs oo ... w

1
..IJ""'1 :x:
FJt..- (I)
c;;!.'f(I
Ftvt"'f <11 :. 90 xz.o -r- 120

~ t d1'-
F _....
Jy
"iflF '"-""(ff
. ;x.. :::::;
1'j
'
~'\ ,1::,
@!lz
?LY{!
~..
36oo
--
-,::>t~
-M,.. JC =60 ,,,,,,,_ (/)
. ':11.= lbt:Ulf}
F'-~(V
':/
/DO
df
. (")
.
"""
._ ..
...V
11
f: ""-
/~\
V : X1 .. df
dY -- 3.X2.J.x
.
, d
(If 3-3X311 ~
\__,/ ... C{f
dx --- 36
.L .....
r.-J'..--..
.. ,. . ' 'j -- -,..,..'-... df
ef.'I. :.: .,... ..l<. (ff
d.x.
. 2o)
J'i = 2.X 0/ x -1..

. dF
3t --
TI
'l../,
G.,..; :ML .
@ FcxJ = 2.(x-2.)
<.iJ ~ ]-00 1H: FOJ < o
:. F ..iot/u . .i..J-m,z[ CiiJI'11 ]2,.:cL~ , F'OJ>o

:. F.i-:1 ~. ~ [."?..,oo[ .
,,
2-2~ :=2(/-x) <_'.JI'17 ]-oo, l[~Fl;t;l>o
:. Fi4 ~c..""" ]-oo , 1) Ctl).I?1 J l,oo[ : Fc.x)<o
. F M tU.c . ..;,,.. ( \, oo [
@frxJ=-t.x-f =-~)(~ ""'ke,i -"'"'"~
a..t-x= 0
FCXJ =6:x.7-6~ 6.x (x-1), Fj.x):::o J.,_.
.X = o 21! x
1 (i J I.,, ]-1101 o[ : FOt.J >o .. F= ~ cf)l?i J--,ol ~ fC)lJ>o :. F~ eke . ~.. ]-<X>,o]
~c. ~ J-o] (it):r,,., Jo, 1 ( : FcxJ <o :. F ~ cii)1-r1 ]o,oo[: fcr><o-.F.UM.c ..i.. [o,oo[
~. ~ (o,I]
ciiiJI?J] 11 00[ :'f(.x>>o:.Fi4
@ FW=
@f.c xJ =1- ;._ , Fo.J .i4 .llAI~/ At x =o ,
.u ,J;" a..dLrJ aJ-x = o, FcJt.1 =o

=-2. 9fi x = 2
( i; Z"1'1 J-.co 1-2..[: f cxJ ~o " F i4 ~' ~ J-oo,-Z]
Fcx1
- - ' - ;x.
ciiJ z-n J-z.,2[ : fUJ<o , FcxJ a...J Fcx1 a.u..-
.u..dL.f~ut aJ; =o :. Ft~~: l....~[-2J2)-loJ
CiiiJIn]1.,~ [ : fO.J>o :.
-4 -"...::..Mt ['2.1 4'1:1[
(.;:;\RxJ :::(JJC.2.+4)(4)- Lf~(vcJ_
l.!:!...J
f{X)
f((2-::ic)(z+:x),
c:r."l.+ "J-a.
(..Xi.+ 4; "l.
::o af ;JC= 2 of? X =-2, . f(:2-) >o, (z+) <.o
,;,,, a.L-ft/Y. . 11e:J.iu.., F(-2-)<o '

F(-Z +J >o -' Ft-z) =-I~ a.L. -.;,... v k
. F(Z)::::: 1
rt;\fcx;= 3(~+5 )(:x-/) :::0 ~::=-sol( :x=J

~
u+v~
'
,,,. ....)
.
FC-5 )>o, FC-5 <o .. F<-5) =-25""'" a.L. ......4t'J.. v.
/
F(l-)<o ,F:u+J>o ..f(1J=11.M1il. . .....,;.,.vk
F<XJ:::
2 O+"-)(/-:JC.) =o af;x-: -I off :x=1

(/ - ;11.-tx-Z.)'l
'
f< -rJ<o, f<-1-+J 70 .-.f=r-o = -f ka l.-mi... v.

F( ,-; >o' Fu+J<:o .. F(I) =3.iAttL.7"/J/f- valw.
~"'
s-"Z- ,:x<o
V
fcxJ =l 3 , :x >o 'At ::t::::.o:
J,i... f(o+hJ-f{cJ= J,.;...
h-"<>h
/t~0-
;,.;,,.
}1~0-+
f{o+hJ-f(o)
ii
'
=t:..
34+5'-5 =3 .-.Ro>.i.d
h...,c+
h
,,,
.-
a.ttfr.~J : . (o,,-;.;,, a.
: . f(o) 5 ,,VJ a L nth.
5'-2.h-5" ::-2
C.p. ,._.f(trJ<o,flo~>o
vk
(075}iA4
.. (0,5).;;,, 4 L. ?YI~.
,x<S
'x>:r
),;, ,a,,.dc~tl
:.Jfi,,
L.,.,;.,. /d:
<~.c-3.JC(Z-X):::::o
o,
-.f<o~:::
>o, Fcz+J< o:.f(-zJ= 4
;X.
f I
F < =o .t.:. a. l. .,,u.... vtt.fu.,
F<IJ
ua.L.--u:..vk
o,
~ L "'111' ~
.4.Q"l'LC' .....
>o,F (o+J>o
L. ~.
I 427 '~~~~~~~~~~~~~~..--~~~~~~~~--~~~~~~
Rx>-UJJVri~J -k... ci~."' =-z fi.

MJk.. x::::- 2 ~ :x.==4 1 F(-2)= 18, Ft~}= - 30 ,
.. H-z. fiJ =<> u a.L ~V.. o o x.=2. Vi, .-F<'Zfi ) <o ~t-3J = 68, f (SJ= - 2o .. Pf-Z J= '18 ,i,,,4t rz./n,,..l.ti.
.-.F( '2->'iJ=o,,i,,,,aL. mhi.v~
~ v. ,F(4} :::-J o .id 1k akoR..tL~. V~
,:{<-u:J.<o
@ fa1 :ctl):r.-~~ :: oM.>1...- ~:x=CV>:JI. <".tf-.vc=1
-~ x= '7!"/.11 "~ 5111.lt "J-~,_;f"r, Ffx>= -S..:..x--{o? .x.
F'?1T14 J< o .. F(rrl.t,):::t(l -r-~=fi .uL.mtz+-1/o..f.u.A_
fi'. fcxJ =4.x3- 24.x~ 44.x-24 =4(x."!..6:i:~11:x,...t)

V ... F{/):::.0('1-f~t'at!Um) .. :z:;.UhtA la.Jtt-1)
~F<~J =4-5.-~ =o ~s.t.c."-:::.4 :. SLc.x = 2. !}..B. .. fcx; =Oc-IJX4(.::x?._s:x.+6J =4(.x-1)(~-2J{X-J)=o

~
I
..;
_,,.
+
-2..~u .-. x:::::?T~S 1 Ff7f"/f )> f(JF(!r/3 )-<a a.l-;a::::. i , .x..:::z ,x= 3, /:'(/):::: 3,F{2.J~ 4,F{3}~
..C(7"/J' ):::. j. -~M_..a. L. .,..,41"-. llal.A.L
f(4) ::::/Z.' f(-4) =1'22 8 :. Ft- "f) =1228 .>4
'\:!.!::) F'(:XJ = -f s..;..., 2.~ - F<:x) =cu.i 2 -" 'Co'J 2-.X. = o
abuf.u t.c. ....,4.?t-. \/- 7 F{IJ= F(3} = 3 ..M ~tt.b.,Lt-mi..
,wk,_. 2.X = -rr/2.
-<. . ~ X- = 7T/4 o~ 2.X= 37T/i
.
?
..<...e. .x.=37T/4, F(xJ= - z.s.;,..z.x-.F(*}<o
(';;\,,,
_J.
3
:. F..;;(37T'/4} =2 :. F(:[l) =i_ ..i.i a. L.--wt!J.. v~, ~Fa>= :!:.<x-zJ
=
"'41/,.J u"""'defaJ
3
F(37T/4) =- f ..i-a a. L ~ va..fu.t.
ttf :x-::::2 , Fci.) =o ,;(_:;;-;- 4 1 FOJ=1
F(~)= ::X.1+. ;ic.+ b . .. (J), FCX) =:2)(.+Q.. (Z), -'F(-()= 4.i.dZU ~~li. -OIJl- Vaiu.t.. ,
:r
W::t=
: ffZJ=t l='9+2a.+b
\2.tt+h=-3- .. (3),
f(Z):::o
--<A ..
,,
-'-"'
At:x. =z ~_;,,, a.C.pf.,f"""fZ) o= .l(+tt .-. 4=-'f !

f"'l(N11 (3) :. b =S, fix; =2 .-. FtzJ> o :. (:z.,l)L..,..j,.' (J)f<~> = t-fa, =o ~ 2
@.- F(3J= :z. .-.3 a.+ : =z ... w,fw=a.-.!.,

F<:xJ=oa.f:x=3 ..a-1?.:o .-. h='14. 1:>,
f-?.,,,.,</J :.-3a. + 3a.=2 .-.
b::fx-t =3 ,
fr:t.l= 2 ; f(3J>o :.(3,t.)~a.L-U..pl.
a. ="; :.
'Z.
,,.
fi:l\ .. Ffo):::o - d::::.o , FOt.J:::3a.x+zhx + C ,~2

~.k- a.. C. pf. .-. o :::12.a.+4b+C .. W, Ff.V)i,,
L~fl,..{.u,_ ..F{itJ=o o=4Sa.+8b+c ... -<.zJ,
J"p.e 1 14...~I :::'f t1.t :x =:.1
:.
fw =1~34+zb+'"'"~
b =-'Ill .. <1.fJ , Fi_,{IJ-(3J

.'. </f). +zh=-'I :. '/tl.-18'11.::: - 'l a.:.I .-.b ::.-'f,
f1"""' (
2) -(I) .-.
F.n""' ll 1 :.
o = 12--36 +c .-. C= :v1
"
: -1 cR
x:. 11 ml;1[-{,-3]
/:(1):::2,t=f-4_}::: 2.t_ ,f(3J:::31 ... F(3J=3f~
Zh-~olu!i...""fMf- .V.,FOJ =2 .i<JLh..~ft..,,,.,u,.,,. v.
f10\
Fm= -Gx+2J<x-4J
=a _._4. ;,c-; - 2
~
(~Z+8)'Z.
/:(-2) :::- .L , Ff-VJ =..L
.l.t
8
ef!x =4,
, F(-3)=- !L 1 F(6)=2-
.-. Ff-2 ) iA,lb..Lh_ ?>U... v., Ff4}"4:tlu.
1':1
4.k '71'1fr/- v."'"'
C429J
~~~~----~~-------~-....---------~-~-~-~
/()_ 4:x.
== " ... :r =is._
..11:1s x 3o = 4sa -mz.

B ,_ _ _ _H~{J(> '})
@)s=x~ :;;; x x3(8-:x)

~
$
.: S =2 4 x -3:x"L
-"'-----'-->
...,.
.
o
X.
A
... S<:x.J:z.,q - t.:x. , s
.,.,.a..,.:..
9
4':) .
...,1.,,.,, 2 4 - 6:x = o
9-
. S(4 ) -< 0
@ '"fh.. pn"fil"'(
tm.1..
-UAJi.f:::
~-
50
f1{x-/()o) + ~~~o J
:::J/(:x l.1so :. + 'Sdo~'-r 300~- 'lx~l35'o "--4'r 1.;11
.. p = (:r-so)
p,u;,,, ?71/.Vj(- ~1/=o.'.-ltx +1150

..,,. - 78
I J5o -- 1S L r:
... ,,,_,_
=o
.~.
@P=/l.it. X xz + /doy x I
.a 'Zoo:x+101x
32.-8)'
.. foo :::zoo+ /OOX (S-:xJ(~ 8)-(Jt-'!;~{~I)

.,
(5-xJ-Z. / /
" PtxJ=zoo-<S~i>-Jcfl- , P;;,, ,,,.,~. -"""PaJ:::o
00
.~ 2.oo= '" 0
..(5"-x)-z.:::.4 :.5-:x=.z
(5 -xj'Z.
-:12-24
oR :x= 71/:uj-u:ulJ :. 'J= ~ 2..
=4
:. /oox = 300 > /4D'I ~oo
:. "=3
@ f: ~;,.,.,.efvi 1~1-'-
:/QO)!.
)J4tJ. x
'- 4i i:vuadllr :::::/oo-x. :.A=x(loo- :Jr.):::lo11x-.x.2
'- ~ =
/Po - 2..JC. 1 A .'4 ,,.,.:&
2.X+y ;:::; 60
'j::::.:60-~
7#/~;//#fiJ:ff
I
..
.-.11_ ~ 6 o -4.x, di.4 .,!~ ~
../1=%'J=X{66-2X)
.f1:.::6trx. - z.xl-
,,,.;it., /tJ1.i-U:::4.y:r:Jo
:. x = 4, ;5(X) ::::: -6
."..${4).i,.,"Wla,;,1..
.. lioo-2x1-::::o ..:x.=2.0fl ,F-12- oJ;
. 11 (20ir-i}:;;:
xzo
::::.i((J()
em 1
2-'}
+ 7TY=: /otJJr
'J :::(5'0-t )Jr
+ 2."t''J +-f 7rr'1.

A(T}
/
:. /l{f") -.::: /flo ff- 2 Tr
:. >"= ::ro
-S(AALo) -S
-S( ALBN)-S(A N:Dt>)
.... s::::: 120;<.8()

-i-_XZJC.X.X-j:(l21J-ZX)(IO-x) C.
- J. (/20-Z.:X.)(80-:X) . ,.$':::: 22J(J;:J(.'2. /

,_
<xJ = 2. So - 8 x ,
?V>4'Jt .,,iu..
.. s
2.80::::
~'.;IC :::::35 ' -
f/1tm"
,11=
.Y =,_,,/ .... C/1 , s

=:X('/%?. )
l
.
S{X)
...
:X.'j
= 'l:x.-x. 3
J
..Sex)= 'I-~ , S -44 '"'4?' .wM..

'f- 3.x2= () : . .x = f3
F,,(hl'J w .. !J ='l- 3=6 .. IJ=(l/3,6)
a"4 ,
':"/6-~
@ V - (/6-2.x) (
V( =336*'=1"" :x + 4 3
Vt.xJ =3 3 6 -1.1/ B :x. +12.x , Vu ..,,,~. -i-- __ -~ ;;;
..AIU:it.,=zx(t8-:Jt.z_
= C'l, - 'iz. )
.x7:..1t)
...
X2.:'
;.
.%=fl'
'1.
:>.
{J)
'Z,
,,,.
1-4..
1.
:it -
1'+- - - -~~
~I
I
~I
'
I h
I
\"'
'
~l
~ l/<xJ:::o
::x.+
=o
" (X - 3)( 3X-2 l) =o ".X= 3 '/o,...f x-::U114L-.}
2.
= 51{.:X.-3.:X ..ACXJ:54 - 'fx ,

A ;,, """"!- ..,Ii.,,,,... 5"4 -'I :x1.= o
:. f/(ff}:5i/ ff-3X6ff
I.
:X)
2.7-
'3
21-Z:X.)..
;JC
F'l'l_,
=3&fl
CIJ :. V(JJ
= 3(1'-
6 )(21-t)
=l./StJ
'3
'i"'
ewi
kt J.,,.,,3..ti u( h!UI--~ i:>t.';::, IW.Jll b.t. "1t,"

.. A +it.J&:::ft> .-.. A.='lt>-.1/.Jt., V::-.,..; 2 h.
:. V(..::t) ::x. 2 ('fo- .Ip:)::: 'fo :x.,_-41..x. 3.-. WXJ::: llo:x-121"
2
V,i.q-mtJIV-. ""',(,,.,.,. 16tV.-IZX ::::o . -,::;c: l:;f.~h:.3o
fi:;;\..J_ ::: ~ .-.y:::.
30 - 2X
/0
.S=.x~=:JC(3{J-2:X. }
~20
l/J
S<x)= 3o~ - 2:x.-z. :. Sc.xJ=3o-4'X ,

<'
4
.Q """ ......Cl/IL . ~
30- ~X
0 A
. x=L.S:'""'
.S-:::
'F,,_
CI J
2. 2. 5'
'2!.j_Jf.
IS'=
O~i=-~
2.0
':!
?,;
15'-?<.H
i-- l o-4
'2..
~ =JI 2..S ~
e.
EXERCISE ( 15 )
@F(xJ= x/.+1~1
Ff.X.J
FfxJ 1
tx-f
.#ttf
... Ft.rJ:: .ix -f+. ~x- 1 ,

-.li-"- f :11.;;f(x- .lt)
'?
,t,;_.J
'4r-" .:JC=o, F<XJ::o o.l".x.='t
ciJJ.,.J- 10C: F;_J>o:.-X.. UillCI& .iA ,otW. ti-. .:..,1-10]

<Ji)l.,. Jo,.f [: F~Jr:J<o .~,. " " '' "/""-*' to,+J,
FloJ ::o " '"1,.0J 4- 4... .ir.{ JOf.
CliiJI"' J 4,-r: FtxJ> o .-.iL ~ ~ (QH.o'.....,. ;...c~,-c
FCJt) = 1a -Jr.r .~ <~, 1;.t;;J ..U
4.>tr
.#../ pf.
'
tfi:\ "
~
3
41<'
3
't
~fj,"J= 5":1C-21J.x , Ffx):z.o:;r. -6oJt=2oJC..,_(x- 3)
FfxJ
= o at x
=o ,;c. =a
CiJln 1--,o[ ~ f~.XJ<O ..7.k C4NWf

~
.h""'"J'M".4...J-~o)
4'
,..
ciiJhl]o 1 3(: FotJ< o " " "' "'fW"- C.o,3]
ri\ft~J=b~-3.:;c.,_ 1 F<~J=6-6x,Foo=oo.f:x=J .. a/-;tC.=o ~-'"'--ofd "f~
~
~
~
(iJ 1'n J-oo, 1[: Ftx J >o .. 7Aa ~ ~ cnw6']I. (iiiJ:Z.,, J3,-(: FC.'4J>o 7Ac..uuwc'4c1111. d111'1..;...(3J_[,
dV111nJ11..h 1-oo, I J (1i'J I'?'I ] l,A:>[ : f(XJ < O :. 7IU.
F( 3) =-IS'/ .. ( 3 ,-15'/) "4 a.. "'"/ pt.
ewwt- .U ~ ~ .4.... [ I, t11:> L ) F(I) = 2..
: . (I, 'Z.)
.i4
a...
"-I-
pf.
-I~ 1 <lliw ]-110,-I[: Fc..J< o ('-v. .u,Pl&L .;..l-oorll

~ [-t, 1J 1
Fl-I)= -1: .. (-1, f) .14 Ari ~- p-t.
ci1i) I,,, J l,oo[: F<xJ<o ... C.~"'f"-;... c1,o0[,
(iiJI-n J-/, 1 [ : F<x.J >o .. c011/fJy d(IUIW.
f( IJ= -{ .. (I,
1; J
.iJ = /t.,;c. .,__J, =12 (x-tr,}{x-6)
f{)(.J=o a.t"
.:X
=0
FtoJ='81
..,,.
of' .X =- 3
R-JJ
::o
-:;;
f(-3)>o
.~(-3,o)...0
o.L-~.pl-.
OR
HJJ
.,,,.
=3
=o
o.t.x.=1 . l+za.=o ..a.=-3 1 F2-au. h=-1.
@co,4J: -'l:o=o+o+o+d .-. d::4
c-1,2): z=-o..-tb-c+d ..a-h+c=z

;'
~
1
F<~J;;;; Jax + 2bx -t c. , F <XJ =:. 6a:x. +zh ,
... a,
~""tM/4/ la.w.rJ af(-11 2.) ... F<-IJ = o

. Ja. -2 b + C = 0 (2) 1 f"l-(2)-(1):. ZtJ.-b =-2
a.l.'71'1~pt
1tL~-~t. ,
F(-1) =o . -lo. +zb=o :. b =3a. ~ 2a.-3a:-2
t~J= oat :r.=-tI ,.x = t'3, F<-v.J}=F<fi)=3(, .. a= z. ... h =3XZ. = 6, Ff'.-,W .. 2.-6-t c =a
: f(-f3-) >~, F1-n+J~o..(-Y'i,36)..U ~ .. C=6 ..$.c..~MI y::::z.x~(x"1..+6:x+4
iM/ p.t. 1 f(VJ-}<o, f((j+"J>o ..(ltf,U.J"f
f(o)<O
.. (o,BIJu
FlJJ>o
.-.c3,oJ.io
~~~_,......_,......~_,......_,......~~_,......_,......~~~~-----.~_,......~~_,......~~~~~-~~~'~35)_
(C) ~ .X.><L 1 J4 CLllM>f-.i.o c,.,,~ "f-"'Alld,,-4.#.
= -3
-3 ....(3), F~0PfCt.J-(IJ
f(O.T) <o
.-. 10. +3b-+ c = - '1 _.... C.lfJ, F/1,.. <3 J-<4J
CJ) Af' ..:x.=a. ~ -" a.. ~/- ff.
5'1L+b 1 (5), F< 2.J=o .: /Zo. +i.b =O
.. h::: -60., ,:-,,,_(SJ.'. 5'4- ,._ :.j .: Q:-J .. b:6,
Y-= ~(f3-#-X)('3+:x)'
f"l,_ (3J -12 +z"t + c =-3 :. c=-151 Fn,,., (IJ.~t/::15
f=o oJ :x.=o ,x=-t"J,
Slot- ~ f"a,..J- of
(21 I) =-3 .".. FrZ)
.: /Z.4+./fb+C:
fl .. 7.G_ et.VWK..f...fe44.l.C./(,
-Ch "-o,y..U a.f co,o>,<-llJ,o),
(fJ,oJ1FOCJ= 3Cl~xJO-.xJ,
X.:
r.;;\ .....
1.
FCAJ = 3o..:x + zb:x.+c, F<:xJ -64.x+a.b
+b-+C+d=-/ .. {I)
( 2.z-2): 14+.lfb +Z..t; + <1=-z. . (2)
Fn,_ (~J-<.IJ 1-A +3b+c =-I ... OJ,
S'fu '1 ~ at c2,-2J =f. . . . frz; =- '3
.. /2.4 +It& +c.. =-3 ('fJ, F4ft,, <itJ-(3)
!?'
:. 50.+b=-2 .... (5), F(l)=o ... ,o.+z.h=o
.-. "=-3Cl .~ 5A-3'1:-z :.a,;_( .. h=3 1
f"IP' {J) . -1 +'f+C-=-/ :. C=-31t_..U):.d:O
'3
:i.
'2.
.\/.fa. ~ .u ~ = -x +3;c.-3 X. 1 Fr~J=-3%+'1<-3
:-J(:x.\.1~+ I) :-3(x-l)'l.~o .\F-'4 tW:.. i.... 1?
01-/):
@A.z;:3;c.."+z.b;c.+c , hJ():,4.)C-+2b
(-/zlo): -4-tb-c+r/ :IO ... Cl),
(1J_-:J?J: z.1a+foI +3C+ d =-u. - (~)
f(.;1.J=o
~
a.t x=-1,.:>:=1
,,,.
FOtJ=-6x :Fl-I) >o,

Ffl)=-z. :.(-1 1 -2;.kaL.-wti..pt.,
: RIJ<o 1 F(l)=1. ... c1,z.J i4 4L.-4'J'.pl. ,

.:P.
.:,-?
1-(JC.J=o o.l")C.:o 1 F(o-)>o, f<o+J<o ,).coJ=o
.. fo,01 ,u a..-'/ pf. ,c-2,21, <i.,- a.; a.uatleliu""J ~ .
y
@FtoJ =4 .. lM.. ~ .
.4.,,filuu' A If-~
"t (o 1 JiJ
,fotJ=3;)C.(:JC--z.)
x.
=o a.t";c=o,JC=Z,
?
F(xJ=6<X-I} :Fro><o,
f(oJ=it :. ( 01.lf).UaL .,,,4"!-f/. ,
(-11/0),i,,a.C.P. :.F(... f)=o . 34-z..b..+C=o - <it . FtZJ>o1f(2)::0 :;,<2,oJ.U,,al.-4.r. pt. ,
(3,-nJ..i.oc:&Cp ...f(3J=-oz74+'b+c.=o -<S: F~.XJ=o oJ-.JC.=1, F(n<o 1 f(ff')>o,F(l)=2
F 1'1>" C.3)-<'t) . 4a +i/h =--8 "A+b =-'2. - ('J .. ( 11 Z) .i4
.4.(. pl". '(31 4J . o.. tUld. pf.
iFJI~ C2.J-U) . 2;_ta.+8h+Jtc=-32.:1a+zh+c--'I
""
F'-1CfM
(5)-L4) .. U{tl+lb=o .-. b:-3A.JJ;r-<CJ
b=-3
P'"'
y
. a-JA.::.-2 .-. tJ.:f .
"(.i..~~
1 F"l(lll>f(l./J..c=-'1,
f.'z"""UJ
..d::5
'J=x'-3.x.'L-'fx+5
~.:x-4jUOtlAA..(o,oJ,(3
1 o),
,2
~
+
,
.,,
-~ F'Jl.r= 'JJ. - 6'. -f 1 F(:X)= 6.;c-,,.: F(-1)-<o
Fx>=x0c-z J ,F<XJ=U.t.-1),
:.(-/7 /f>) .UaJ.. .,...,,,. pt 1 -: F(3)>0.. (3,-22J L. .,.....i...., Ft;o =o o.t-:x=o z.X=2. 1
fcx>=o a.tx=1
(o,o).Uai..7114?1-.p.f'.,
\2,-?t,
CiJ:J?I J-.,, I(: 'f<.xJ-<.o ..lla U111C1"&.io(qM."f'ti1.~,1] (2.,-i).;.,. o L.,...;... p.f. '
,
(iiJl?tJ l100C.: fc;tJ>o .~7M.~ ":-C#tlM<fW".4.. [/Jao[ 1 FtitJ =o a.f x=t .~ Cl,- }J .U A.t ~ pl. ,
f{l}:-6
:. (J,_,),"41&.t~.p,f.
'i
: FCX) <
~
0
...
Ml dLc.: ~ [a., l::r],

~'"14"'4#.
.- fr%1 < o ... 7Ac..~
""
.;..... (a, h] .. 7.:U ~ c1J~G Foe.>

~
c. Cl
lo]
~,
r;,_ -
~(o,z).u ~ f~'1-.
-1.h. 'l-""114
-;.
F<.JCJ=~cx-i.,
,:,)(..) ="
'."/
411fM
U1Gl
Fc~J='JUl-1}(>-J),
.,
al- x =t ,:;c 3 .
: F(l)<o , FllJ=' ..ct, 'JV,)
~
AL-"' p.t.
, .... F<3o
.. ( J,2J ...,.;.,, , { 2, It)
""''"pf.
@co,z.J io .a.. p.f. "( ,;,..~.

...
.-U~J-~,
<?
fOIJ=-3(~-IJ(X-3), Fr.xJ: - {(X.- 2)
<1,-2) "4 a.L-.i.... pt.
p,;,..14 'i ;,.,,~i,.,
(-2,~
"""' Jh x - """" a-u.

<-11 oh .-.iU ~
(2.10> ,
Y-~
,,,.
<o,2J ,
FC7'J =3(/-;]l:)(/+:x),
=_6:x , (-t, oJ.;,,, o. L ~- /)/. ,(1 10.io

.V., u. L. '"IVY-. pl: , ( o., 2 J .i.o """ kl pl '
F ( xJ
C-t., 4J ,;,, a.. 11.tl"-''~mJ
pt.
1438~)~~~~~~~~~~~~-:--~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/:,,h
17.../
l)l-nza.lv6 4'Mlf-
/.. __~
hi_
'-! r::
= 3.s.;..,.x +c
CD1 =-2.t'~-5~.:x+C
3CCl,).X.
= 2..x f
--f(:x"Y-zx""'-+l)=.:X-UC
~
~
-j -f
+.x
(};\"'
\..:YF<XJ=:x
r -z.x-.L
-..S:
:. FCX.J::: J_(x
3 +x J)
.l :.z.
3
-..!:
= 2..X:-2,l(t...X '+<-i:):x '+C
-'
u.x.
J.. i.
:.Fo.J =i.xi.-1..xt'--f)(~+c.,.-.fl1J= o
=SC... zx.+c
... o = t - 1-~+c. .-. c =.It
c) =-2x-cef) (?T/z. - x/t..)+c=2.le/JW/1-:rh>tC Fc:x):-J:x1:.3.x-t-i_x ~J +.It
@=
4- rz.rr-5.xJ+c
... F(2.f'i) =f.x8-3ti"-i-xw+"'=-t+~=~
s.e... z.x +c
-i
=--fct:l'J(.3.x.+2.J +c
0 := .+x-:f ~'IX+
4xf t:'.O?J.;x.+C
4-:X: +
+
(})Fc~J=f3(Z:r.+J)f.rlx
@= 2.Xfs.,;....(2"/.3) -2.X3 CUl ~
@J<:11.+.iZ"-J dJl. =f<3y+z./t11
2.~ZX-
=3.xfxzczx+3}+c.
.... F{J) =3( 3)-tC ='l+c.., Fl-IJ=J+c:.F{JJ.-R-IJ=h
C..
+c
.. -t~'.+.x- =f/ xfO'J+z/'+c

-~ txf-i
if - b Ctn ~ -t C
I 2
I
k I
= fi>c!' +C -/
.-. C=t .-. z.X: --;f =n(3'1+Z)(;
(!) =-lt'cnL f-2A.. ~ +c ~
~- ~ n.-. 6JC1..-'.;. =(.3'1+zl1+2
10 ='Ix.if + 4' )(- ~-zx.+C=2-X+2 &.;.. zx+ c.
( ] y =fc.1t-3;l; Jx =if.x-.:x.~C 1 1 'I= oat :X= I
ii :::fC1. +3~c'"x>dx=x+3la,,,.:x+c..
=
'J.
3 ~
; j(3 - ~c."l.p_)cfx
=3:X.-f fa...3Xf'C
J
1 =Ji s..:... vc d)L =i x-f C8l vc.+ c.
@=J(~"L..::x:. +<.en'L:x. + 2- S....:...::x 7<-) d~
=f ( !+ S.:.. Vt.) d7e. =:x:- i een z..;x. -t c
13 = ('f.X.-z._Sl..Cx)dx = 3:l-ta.,,.:x:+c
.-. o=it-1+ c 1 .-. c1=-J :. 'J=.lf.:x.-.x!..3

=S-.lf(Lt.)t.-x 3-3) =1.f.x.3:..1,x+/"1
.:. oJl.
z= j (~;x. 3-1' x +lfJ d .x. =x 4- B.x:z.+/'/.x+ c -.i
.:g
CO')
/- C('I) 2._x
@ = j I
C(;f) :>t-
d :X. ::.j(/-4J>:x.J(/C('/j:x) d.:x.

/..+ ein x
: j( /-CO?X-) J:x- .: X -S.C.... '?(. +c.
@=f(s.tc~-I) d:X. =!;i..,c. -x-tC

@= j C.<n 2-X d'X = t.S..:.. '2..X..+ C.
@=J(/+Ut')2x.)d.r.
=:X-+fS.:... ?..X+<
@= J (1+2-Cir:li.lX/zJ-I dx
= fif ICU"I ll dx =fix.it~~I +c.
:=:- 2 V2:' &:.;,., ~ + (_
y:J<3:;x.1:...JOX.-:/)J:x :.
-$-"';_1X-+C,
'J:-2.4
.;it.:.'Z.. -ll/= 8-20-11.J+C
a.t
:.c =a.
"-
'=x -sx".::.. ':Ix-+ 2
8
... :z:.=
-yxw czx+-3) "t..
:. z=-f<z..c+J/"+ 2. :. BZ.= 'fl+-JJ"!,_16
~c"
L.U
2,:Z
(!)g =fa)l.i._$Jd.x. :2x 3-sx+c,.-3:::2-S+c

"it_
-'-'1=&
:z...x. -S.x ..J:.f(z.f-s.x.Jd.Jc
4
.-. 'J:
-{)C..'+Ct :. 2.=i-{-+C.2.. ..C.r.:l,t
JAt~i.
I
.~ 'J = z::.x.-i:;i: +4 1 ~ :x =~;
... 'J tk '" - h 'f + ~ = 2.
f..L
(f;;\ ft)(,=
Jc jfox_, >-t- 6 J dJ<.

.!
'l1
=1{xJ"Xf (3.X-2.J a.-6;ic. ,...+ c.,-l=fK<11-/t+S

.. B=f:xa-12 + c.1 c.,=o :. F<:xJ=f CJ"X-zJ'"i:_'-'<.-. FCJl.J =f[..f< 1-t.) l_ 6.xJ tlx
: -f,x.1.xj (3>-1.)~-3-"2.-+Ca
3
Y=f:i:,,.+3.x +c, 'I= 2 at :x =2. . :z:::: 2.-+I> +c

:.c.:-6 .. ':I =i.x2+J~-'
. . i.' =J. c";t_,, + '-1.
.L
:J=f<z>-+3) 3J,)I. =~A 71 cu+3) +c, ,

.: ..l. = }(f ..,.c., .. c, = 0 ..:J:::fc2.z+3fl3- .. <J)
;z.: f6! 'Jl.d'J = ,. !/ ~Cz. Y: fix !l. +'-z.
3
,u, 8 l
3 :TIL
. : '-.z.: u -.1 = 2. ... ;z =!!!%-1 y -+ 2. ,
\._.!!)
.~. F<.x.J
f2\y
=f:x.""1J(x-?,.J
d)(. =JI'<x+3) Jx
0
:X()l(.-'2.)
Z:./Z. ta.f-.X : I ../Z:l-fJ+lr+CL ..C 2 =2.

.-. -;z.. =,.;x .If_ B :JC. z.-t l~)(..+2.
.l. !.
= .i! -12 + ,,.. .._ea.= 10
=-j ( 3Jl-LJ i- _ 3JC.-i..-+ I<>J.
@f2':1 tly =fr!F-6;<..J J.x. .. y 1= ':l;x.- 'J;x'+c

y: ;z. 11.f-x: I
:. ''L= 5".x.-3.x.l+i.
.-. .it=~-3+
c .. C:i.
@. y=f(3-Z..S:...ZJt)d~=lx+2.Xf Cr.132X+c,
'/= 5 ~:>L=O :. 5.:::o +l+c:.. C.:: 'f
:. '/=3:X+Cd>t.:X.-+J..r
a.f-( 3,n >-.. 6+_zlJ-'+sdJ; o -~1! =o

:. Ef. of'~ .U ';1-1 =O
_.J.
J.
@Y==~~fx2/4.i~+c..,f"+1==~~~.'.f+c @f<J'J=-fu+~J~.Jjf-Ox+s) ~
_.._ 'fr::J+C-".C. =3 ..,=xt:+fA..~+~
- - - - - - -- - -- - - - - --
EXERCIS E ( 17 )
.\ 'j = -2x2(z.JC+~r-+ c. 1 9=3afx = z

.. C:: 6 .. 'j= 6- vZX+5 ,
3=-tf".+ c
"""= F( 2)== -t .. Ef. "( -"""J .'4
---------------_...--1 " 3Y-'l=-:x.+2

Q)Y= ffb&.,._l/JL+tJc!.JL =-"!z.x;..l:+c ,y:aJ
.t:~.
Y-3 =--f<:x.-2)
x+3Y-ll=o
.x=o .-.c.:o :.y:.x!..z.x~.x
,:j(J.;Jc'l+t,~ -'f)eht, :.X~ZJt ~4.x +C.,

'J =8 ..t x : -2 .-. 8 =-8+,+s+c . . c:.:: o
'- ':I= ;JC '+z.::x._ .l/X
.,,.
.,,.
FfxJ : f{'"+lo) tJl.x.. 3::r.-i+l~.X+ c,, Fo.J= - 2.

X=o (J,,.~-,,, .-ti 'J-~)-- -z=o+c1
:.(j= -2 FCXJ =3X~ IOX-2. :. 'J= x1+s.x~+c.2
: Y= 't o.t.z::-/.-. C2= - 2 :. 'J= .x!,..s-.x~z..:.t.-"l.
440
@ft~ =fU.Jt-ltJ)dx =3x":..1ox.+c. 1
'J f(3x'l._1ox.+C,Jtb. :. y~!.s-:;c"l:+c1:x+'- 2

r:;J';\ : (o, 2.J .iA a.. ~I pt..~Ro)= o
Clz5"): .".$:::/-~ +C.,+Ci C.1+Ci f Cl),
'CY
b .. b 0 -:;.,.. 0 :0..)t.O +
FOcJ= 4.)t
('Zz-3): :.-'3 =B-zo+ic,+~ ... z.c.,-4-c.,;::.'1 -lZJ
2
:. Foe) =Jax dx i a.JL + c.1 , F<-o =o
F-a.,,., 1);,(.2) :. c, =01 Ci.=?-'- y:.;x.!.5".,_+'I
.-. o =fa +c1 c1 =-ia..
@faJ=/(1vc."-.zJtJLJJJL=.lf,;c.!.1vl+c1 , Fo.J=o Fo<> = -fa;c.4 -f a. FCXJ =J-ta (:;c."':-.,) d)t.
at x= 3 ..C1:o .. {ou=.fJt 1- /Z;c.7
. FocJ = f ( ~J -.xJ +Ca , !J '1- &/- .:x. =o
... ~ :;ic:.1..~.x3+c1. i '1=-2'1 o.tx=.3:.r,_:o..y-J~ 2
o +c,. ..-:. c.,.=,
. 'J =
+'2.' ... 'i =40.f-.:X.=-'
@f<JC!=-""+11ur.-1.1, 1'cJtJ=-~+10,foo=o .: Lt= - t+~+?= ~ +z. :. i.= ~ -'
4t3- a.:
4='
'!i)t.=lo,=1 : frJJ>o .. (3,SJ'- 4L. .,,.;...,

?.
pi.,: Ft1)< o .'.(71 l..J 4't & L. -~ p-t. ,
..-. 'I=')(. - 3:.+z.
, 'J f<-.x."+1~.)t.-z.1 ''"' =-f,.~s~-z.1:x. +c.,
'J=S abc. =3 1.CaJZ .. ~=--i.x'+s.:x'-UX+32 @ RXJ =o t .x =-3
-Jtl + Z.lts-1+1+32.= !tj

@FcN=lt.x-3o 1Ft:t.>:ool-x=z.ok 3,
L = f C1J
f<zJ < o
Cz., z.1) ..U
(3,L) J. JM.J...,,.;,..
L.,,,._pt.,-.~FCJ>>o
,_t.1 Y=f<'x":..3~3,)JJL
.. o= z7a.-6b+'l(/J
f(X.)=0 a.t.X=-'2.. 0 =.-/ZtJ.+2b
.. b=64 ' f?(hn lJJ 2.fQ.-360..+'1 = 0 ::.a.=i
.... h =6 x I= 6 .. F<'.XJ= 3x1:+1z:x +'I
~ ':J=f{3:JC.~IZ.JC.+'f)th. =.:x.3+u'l-+'l:x.+C,
lb.~
a..tl4bJ
.IM":f'
.-.. 'J = 2J' 1-tS.;.;z.+3'X+ c., Y= Z.'io.t .x=z :.c ... o 'J=:x.3+6:JC.1..+'l:x.
.-. 'J z.]t.'S-1S,;c1.+ 3l.:X :. L::F(3): 511-IJJ-ld8 =Z.1

Mf\ ,
'2.
,..
v F<-J = 1v1. 1 : :Slt1,.,_o( ~ .=2.. Fw=e..af
z :a.xi :.a=z .. Fc;cJ=z.;c.'I.

:. 'J:/z;c."''<iJf. =t:x:~c .... UJ, Pl-rk.4tf t"f
IJ.,J. af x=I :.9=J .. ...-... C4l1MM. fj_
~ ( l:1J) ,
UJ 3
+'- .-. c = '3
... ':J
=f<z.x1+n
=tx\t
=:
@/f.x;=';J(-0.. , :(I, Z} i. a... i..j. pf.

:. F<O=o "- 6-4.=o .. 4.:::. 6
.. Fc1CJ =l..x....._
y=Jc 3..v:~ ':x:J d.x.
,x . .
:.lj:::x.~3,;c.-..+C, 'j::::'l. of .:X= I :. z.:J-3+'-
..C.:"
.... 'i :.x!.p:~'J
@
fc)(J =f ~ <Jxi.._ 6..v:+z) d.JL
... J
'I.
....
=lt;c.-111.x.+lx+c, 1 For.J=.o o.f x.=z

. 0:: 3Z-l./6+1' +'1 .... c,:. o
...
3
J
2
~ FCJLJ="t.1C. -ll:Ji.~/l.X .. 'J=f(.1t.X-l'l.:l. +8:x)thc.
:. :J .X t.4'..x. 3+'fJc1+<} 1 '/=-IS' a.f .:X = 2
.. -IS:l6-32+1'1+'-1.. .-. Ci. =-IS
.-. i =x+- "fX 'i+l/.:x~-IS '
f O..J=o
~.xtx.-1){ :x-z)""' o -1.'.c
.:x=o ~ 1. t1B 2,Ft1>)=-1S,Ho)>o
-:.'0 1 -1:,/,U a L.-mi,,,..pl'., FtlJ:::-1.lu
F<.I)..;;.. o :. ( 11-14)~0.. L mif. pt.,
.11""
=0
@s= f,;, (3f ~2.f) df-: l~O (t.! f-~ +

_
3= 152 4 t t=i-:; .-.1s1.::.
:;c.I ...
F,,_
+ .. c
f,o (331S+22s)+c
../SZ.:-f.o J<3,oo+c .. c.::.1s2-20=132
:.
S = ;jo (t3+ f:'2) +132 , w.I...,, f=o
.". S
=<> + I 32
= 1.3 2
..,,. 2.
y :::f,t.31"-51J)dl'
-'.
v = 'It"':... 300 t
: V= 4f>o a.f
.. c
=as-oo
+c 1
f= io .. 41>0 =-f'IJIJ-3ooo+c
.... V: 'lt 2 - 3oot+zsoo , ..,J.,,.,. f"=o

'- V: 0
+ ZS'40
..w~ V= o .-.
-c".e. ( 3t-s-oJ"
=o
3L- -SO =o
2Sd0
?ff
o ='ff 2-Jof>f-+ 2S'4o

... t= ~ ..,,.;,.,,.ufU
3
To ensure-superiority ask for
s series
in mathematics
Secondary Stage
Problems Book for Third Secondary
Examinations Book for Third Secondary
Statistics Book for Third Secondary
Problems & Examinations Book for Second Secondary
Problems & Examinations Book for Rrst Secondary
Preparatory Stage
Problems Book for Third Preparatory
Problems Book for Second Preparatory
Problems Book for Rrst Preparatory
I./\ c.J::ljill ~J
~
00 .)O.WJI
rOAA I turE : u aJL:;:>.6.14 ~_pOJI O(i"S~I
a...u~
,.....n--- 11 u~
.
r. ..... --..g
c:::-::--.

Lami Main PDF

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originalbeschreibung:

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Lami Main PDF

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Examinations' Problems

Mr. Salah Soryal

Mr. Wellington Atia

All rights reserved to the Authors

, Find the value of n

Find the number of elements of K

Find the number of elements ofY.

(b) Each permutation contains only 6 letters.

I : If X =(2, 3, 4, 5, 6) find, without repeating any digit, each of the following:

How many numbers containing exactly 3 digits can be formed from X?

: Find the vlaue of each

Find each of the follow ing ratios :

= 9 : 5, find the value of r

, prove that n > 17

Find the smallest value of x , which satisfies that

(iv) <13e5 + 13e7> : 13es

(30). : Prove that : ne r

, tlien" use it to evaluate

then useit to solve the equations

to solve the equation:

(i) To prove that: nc + 2 nc

Number of all subsets of X

(ii) Number of subsets of X containing at least 4 elements of X.

: In how many ways can each of the following choice be done:

(b) If the members of the team are only boys.

(c) If the members of the team are only girls.

(d) If the members of the team are of the same sex.

[1326, 1365, 350, 2520]

(b) If only one ball is red.

(c) If the four balls are not red.

(d) If the four balls contain at most one red

(b) At least one orange is defective.

(c) The defective oranges do not exceed three.

The three persons are of the same sex.

(c) If only two of them are of the same sex.

(d) If at least two of them are of the same sex.

The Expansion of the Binomial

Use the expansion of the binomial theorem to evaluate each of:

: (1.02 >12 + (0.9S >12 approx. to 3 decimal places.

>4 = 16 find thevalueofx.

(0.997 >6 approx. to 3 decimal places.

each of the following:

The General Term and the Middle

Find the required term in the expansion of each of the following:

: T5 in (1 + 2x) 8 and T7 in (2x-1)10

: Find the coefficient of the fourth term in the expansion of

: Find the tenth term from the end in the expansion of

(a) The middle term in the expansion of (1- x) 12

(b) The two middle terms in the expansion of (1

(a) The middle term in the expansion of (x +

(a) The middle term in the expansion of (2x +

The General Term and the Middle Term

In the expansion of (x + ay>7, the coefficient of T 5 is 560 find the value of a

. If the middle tenn in the expansion of (3x 2 + 2_ )8

is 17920, find the value of x.

the expansion of (1 + x)27 is 1 : 4 find the

: If the two middle tenns in the expansion of (ax+ b)2n + 1

are equal prove that x =

21 : 10 find the value of x .

---- : If the coefficient of T3 in the expansion of (1

(x - - ) 14 equals 8 : 9 . Find the value of x .

The General Term and the Middle Term