Decision Sciences

LeBow College of Business

Drexel University
3220 Market Street
Philadelphia, PA 19104

STAT 202 Business Statistics II, Fall 2014

Chapter 11. Analysis of Variance

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One-factor ANOVA is a procedure intended to compare the variances of c samples.

Analysis of variance is a procedure intended to compare the means of c samples.
Hartley's test measures the equality of the means for several groups.
Hartley's test is to check for unequal variances for c groups.
ANOVA assumes equal variances within each treatment group.
ANOVA assumes normal populations.
Tukey's test compares pairs of treatment means in an ANOVA.
Tukey's test is similar to a two-sample t-test except that it pools the variances for all c samples.
Tukey's test is not needed if we have the overall F statistic for the ANOVA.
Interaction plots that show crossing lines indicate likely interactions.
Interaction plots that show parallel lines would suggest interaction effects.
In a two-factor ANOVA with three columns and four rows, there can be more than two
interaction effects.
Sample sizes must be equal in one-factor ANOVA.
One-factor ANOVA with two groups is equivalent to a two-tailed t-test.
One factor ANOVA stacked data for five groups will be arranged in five separate columns.
Hartley's test is the largest sample mean divided by the smallest sample mean.
Tukey's test for five groups would require 10 comparisons of means.
ANOVA is robust to violations of the equal-variance assumption as long as group sizes are equal.
Levene's test for homogeneity of variance is attractive because it does not depend on the
assumption of normality.
Tukey's test with seven groups would entail 21 comparisons of means.
Tukey's test pools all the sample variances.
It is desirable, but not necessary, that sample sizes be equal in a one-factor ANOVA.
Important Facts

Variation "within" the ANOVA treatments represents: random variation.

In an ANOVA, when would the F-test statistic be zero? When the treatment means are the same.
ANOVA is used to compare: means of several groups.
Analysis of variance is a technique used to test for: equality of two or more means.
In an ANOVA, the SSE (error) sum of squares reflects: the variation that is not explained by the
factors.
In a one-factor ANOVA, the computed value of F will be negative: under no circumstances.
One-factor analysis of variance: has less power when the number of observations per group is not
identical.
In a one-factor ANOVA, the total sum of squares is equal to: the sum of squares within groups
plus the sum of squares between groups.
The within-treatment variation reflects: variation among individuals of the same group.