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PROGRAM STUDI FISIKA

SECOND EXAM

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Bandung 40132, INDONESIA
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2534127
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Homepage : http://www.fi.itb.ac.id

FI 2201 Electromagnetis
11 May 2009, 13.00 15.00

r
r
1. A dielectric cylinder of radius R has a permanent polarization P = kr , with k is a positive constant
r
and r is the radial vector from the axis of the cylinder.
r
a. Calculate the D field inside and outside of the cylinder.
r r
r
r
b. Using the relation between the fields D , E and P , determine the electric field E inside and
outside of the cylinder as a function of distance r from the axis of the cylinder.

2. The dielectric cylinder of the problem 1 above is then rotated about its axis with constant angular
velocity (this is a non-relativistic problem, R << c).
a. Determine the bound volume charge density b and bound surface charge density b of this
dielectric cylinder.
r
b. Using the results of question a. above, calculate the bound volume current density, J b , and
r
bound surface current density, K b .
r
c. Calculate the magnetic field B inside and outside of the cylinder as a function of distance r from
the axis of the cylinder.

r
3. A cylinder of radius R is made of a magnetic material with permanent magnetization M that is
directed parallel to the axis of the cylinder.
r
a. Determine the magnetic field B inside and outside of the cylinder.
r
r
r
b. From the definition of the magnetic vector potential A , i.e. B = A and Stokes theorem (the
r r
r
curl theorem) and the definition of magnetic flux, B = B da , where da is a surface element,
S

show that

r r
B = A dl
C

c. Using the result of question b. above, determine the magnetic vector potential inside and outside
of the cylinder.
4. A time (t) varying magnetic field is given in cylindrical coordinate system (r, , z) as follows
r B0 r0 t z , r r0
B = r t0
0 ,
r < r0
where B0, r0 and t0 are costants.
a. Determine the rate of change of the magnetic flux,
b. Determine the electric field everywhere.

d B
of this problem.
dt

The following formulas can be used if necessary

Operation with the operator in spherical coordinate system
1 f
f 1 f
+
+
r
r
r sin
r
r r sin
r
1

V = 2
r sin r

Vr rV r sin V

f = r

r 1 2
V
1

(sinV ) + 1
V = 2
r Vr +
r sin
r sin
r r

1 f
1
1

f
2 f
f = 2 r2 + 2
sin

r r r r sin
r 2 sin 2 2
2

line element in spherical coordinate system is

r
dr = rdr + rd + r sin d
Operation with the operator in cylindrical coordinate system
f =

1 f
f
f
+ z
+

z

r 1
V =

V

z
Vz

r 1
(V ) + 1 V + Vz
V =


z
2 f =

1 f 1 2 f 2 f
+
+

2 2 z 2

and line element in cylindrical coordinate system is

r
dr = d + d + zdz
Transformation of unit vectors
cos sin 0 x
r sin cos sin sin cos x




= cos cos cos sin sin y , = sin cos 0 y
z 0
sin
cos
0 z
0
1 z


A few recursive relation of Legendres polynomials:
l Pl ( x ) = ( 2 l 1) x Pl 1 ( x ) ( l 1) Pl 2 ( x ) ,

x Pl( x ) Pl1 ( x ) = l Pl ( x ) ,
( 2 l + 1) Pl ( x ) = Pl+1 ( x ) Pl+ 1 ( x ) ,
( 2 l + 1) x Pl m ( x ) = ( l + m) Pl m1 ( x ) + ( l m + 1) Pl m+ 1 ( x ) ,
Orthogonality relation of the Legendre polynomials:
1

P (x ) P (x ) dx = 2l + 1
l

lm

where lm is the Kronecker delta that has the value of 1 if l = m and the value zero if l m.

and

Solution of Second Exam

FI 2201 Electromagnetism
11 May 2009

1. a. Assume that the cylinder is very long and its axis is parallel with to the z-axis. Since the cylinder
does not carry free charges, then by Gauss Law we have for inside the cylinder (r R)
r
r
Din dA = Q free enl = 0 Din = 0
Inner Gaussian
surface

where r denotes the radial direction from the cylindrical axis, and for region outside the cylinder
( r R)
r
r
D

d
A
out = Q free enl = 0 Dout = 0
Outer Gaussian
surface

r r
r
r
b. Using the general relation between the fields D , E and P , the electric field E inside of the
cylinder as a function of distance r from the axis of the cylinder is
r
r r
r
kr
1 r r
D = 0 E + P Ein =
D P = r

And for region outside of the cylinder, we have

r
r r
r
1 r r
D = 0 E + P Eout =
DP =0

2. a. The bound charges resulted from the polarization of the cylinder are,
r

r
1 2
kr = 2k , b = P r = kR
r r

b = P =

r
b. When the cylinder is rotated with a constant angular velocity = k , there will be a volume
current density and surface current density that can be calculated from the tangential velocity
r r r
v = r = r . Hence the volume current and surface current densities are
r
r
r
r
J = v = 2kr, K = v = kR 2
r
c. The magnetic field B of this rotated cylinder can be obtained from Amperes Law (in
differential form) as follows,
r
r
B = 0 J
Assuming that the cylinder is very long, then by symmetrical argument it can be conclude that
r
the magnetic field is directed along the axis of the cylinder, i.e. B = Bk . Thus, for region inside
the cylinder (r R) we have
r
r
1
Bin =
r r
0

k
r

= 0 J
z
Bin

Bin
= 2 0 kr
r

And for region outside the cylinder (r R) we have

r
r
1
Bout =
r r
0

=
z
Bout

Bout
=0
r

Solution of Second Exam

FI 2201 Electromagnetism
11 May 2009

r
In other words, the magnetic field outside the cylinder Bout , must be a constant, and since by the
boundary condition, at infinity the field should be zero, hence the field outside the cylinder is
r
zero Bout = 0 . On the other hand, the magnetic field should be continuous on the boundary of the
cylinder with continuity relation given by
r
r
r
n Bout Bin = 0 K

or,

[Bout (r = R) Bin (r = R)] = 0 kR 2

Bin (r = R) = 0 kR 2

or, generally for region inside the cylinder we must have

Bin (r ) = 0 kr 2
Which upon differentiation we have the right relation

Bin (r ) = 0 kr 2

Bin
= 2 0 kr
r

Thus, the magnetic field of the rotated polarized cylinder is,

r kr 2 k, r R
B= 0
rR
0,
Alternatively, the magnetic field can also be calculated from the Biot-Savart Law, but care must
be taken in the cross products.
r
3. a. The magnetic field B of a cylinder that carries a non zero magnetization can be calculated from
Amperes Law through two approaches. The first one is by calculating the bound current
r
densities resulted from the magnetization vector M = Mk (in cylindrical coordinate) as follows
r
r
r
r
J b = M = 0, K b = M n = Mk r = M
It is seen that there is only a surface bound current density, hence this problem is the same as a
solenoid with loop density of n and each wire carries a current I, thus the total surface current
r
density is nI = M , and using the analogy of the magnetic field B of a solenoid, the magnetic
field of the magnetized cylinder is given as
r Mk, r R
B= 0
lainnya
0,
r
The second approach is to calculate the auxilary field H using
Amperes Law, and then applying the constitutive relation the
r
magnetic field B can be obtained. For this, consider the Amperian
loop as depicted in the figure, then
r r
H dl = I free encl = 0
Amperian
loop

r
From this result, we can conclude that the auxilary field H of the
magnetized cylinder is directed along the axis of the cylinder (no
tangential components along the Amperian loop)

z
Amperian loop

r
M = Mk

Solution of Second Exam

FI 2201 Electromagnetism
11 May 2009

Next, make another Amperian loop as depicted in the second figure,

then
r r
H dl = I free encl = 0 H (a) = H (b)
Amperian
loop

r
Which means that the auxilary field H outside the cylinder is a
r
constant. However, we know that this auxilary field H should tend to
r
zero as r goes to infinity, hence we conclude that the auxilary field H
is zero outside the cylinder.
Now, make another Amperian loop as depicted in the figure on the
right, then
r r
H
dl = I free encl H in = 0
Amperian
loop

z
b
a

r
M = Mk

Amperian Loop

z
Amperian Loop
L

r
M = Mk

r
Since there is no free current, we conclude that the auxilary field H of
a magnetized cylinder is zero everywhere. Hence, the magnetic field
r
r
r r
B can be obtained from the constitutive relation B = 0 H + M ,
which yields
r
r
r 0 H in + M = 0 Mk,
rR
B=
r
r
0 H out + M = 0,
elsewhere
r
r
r
b. The definition of the magnetic vector potential A , i.e. B = A , and substituting this definition
r r
r
to the definition of magnetic flux, B = B da , where da is a surface element, and using the

(
(

)
)

Stokes theorem (the curl theorem), we have

r r
r r
r r
B = B da = A da = A d l

r
c. This last result is very similar to Amperes law of the magnetic field B
r
r
r
with the association of B A and 0 J B . From the magnetic field
r
r
B we can determine the vector potential A as follows. Since the magnetic
r
r
field B is a constant and directed along the magnetization M , we make
an Amperian loop (r R) as depicted on the figure on the right. We also
r
can conclude that the vector potential A has only a tangential direction
(with respect to the Amperian loop), thus berarah tangensial dengan loop
Ampere, since this vector potential has the same direction as the (surface)
bound current density,
r
r 0 Kb
A=
dS
4 r
Thus, by cylindrical symmetry arguments, we have
r
r
r r
B = B dS = 0 M (r 2 ) = Ain dl = A(2r )
or,
r
Ain = 12 0 Mr

z
Amperian Loop

r
r
B = 0 M

Solution of Second Exam

FI 2201 Electromagnetism
11 May 2009

And for region outside the cylinder (r R), take the Amperian loop as
depicted in the figure, then
r
r
r r
B = B dS = 0 M R 2 = Aout dl = A(2r )

z
Amperian Loop

( )

or,

r
r
B = 0 M

r
MR 2

Aout = 0
2r

4. a. The magnetic field is only defined on the region r r0, and hence the rate of change of the
magnetic flux is calculated as follows
r
r
d B d r r
d t (2s )dr
= 2B0 0 (r r0 )
= B da = B0 r0
dt
dt S
dt t 0 r0
r
t0

b. Use Faradays Law with a circular loop coaxial that is the magnetic field
r r
d
E
C d l = dt B
For r r0,
E (2s ) =

r
d r r
B da = 2B0 0 (r r0 )

dt S
t0

or,
r
r r
E = B0 0 1 0
t0
r
For r < r0,
E (2r ) = 0

r
E=0