2/6/2015

WindowsServerDHCPInterviewQuestionsActiveDirectoryFAQs&Answers

WindowsServerDHCPInterviewQuestions
25.Sep

ActiveDirectory

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BelowisthelistofBasicWindowsServerDHCPInterviewQuestionsaskedin
InterviewsforthepostofWindowsSystemAdministrator/
L1/L2/L3WindowsSupportEngineer.
Whatisdhcp?
DynamicHostConfigurationProtocol(DHCP)isanetworkprotocolthatenablesa
servertoautomaticallyassignanIPaddresstoacomputerfromadefinedrange
ofnumbers(i.e.,ascope)configuredforagivennetwork.
Whatisthedhcpprocessforclientmachine?
1.AuserturnsonacomputerwithaDHCPclient.
2. The client computer sends a broadcast request (called a DISCOVER or
DHCPDISCOVER),lookingforaDHCPservertoanswer.
3.TherouterdirectstheDISCOVERpackettothecorrectDHCPserver.
4. The server receives the DISCOVER packet. Based onavailability and usage
policiessetontheserver,theserverdeterminesanappropriateaddress(ifany)to
givetotheclient.Theserverthentemporarilyreservesthataddressfortheclient
and sends back to the client an OFFER (or DHCPOFFER) packet, with that
address information. The server also configures the clients DNS servers, WINS
servers,NTPservers,andsometimesotherservicesaswell.
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5.The client sends a REQUEST (or DHCPREQUEST)packet, letting the server

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WindowsServerDHCPInterviewQuestionsActiveDirectoryFAQs&Answers

knowthatitintendstousetheaddress.
6.TheserversendsanACK(orDHCPACK)packet,confirmingthattheclienthas
abeengivenaleaseontheaddressforaserverspecifiedperiodoftime.
Whatisdhcpscope?
DHCPscopesareusedtodefinerangesofaddressesfromwhichaDHCPserver
canassignIPaddressestoclients.
Typesofscopesinwindowsdhcp?
NormalScopeAllowsA,BandCClassIPaddressrangestobespecified
includingsubnetmasks,exclusionsandreservations.Eachnormalscopedefined
mustexistwithinitsownsubnet.
MulticastScopeUsedtoassignIPaddressrangesforClassDnetworks.
Multicastscopesdonothavesubnetmasks,reservationorotherTCP/IPoptions.
MulticastscopeaddressrangesrequirethataTimeToLive(TTL)valuebe
specified(essentiallythenumberofroutersapacketcanpassthroughonthe
waytoitsdestination).
SuperscopeEssentiallyacollectionofscopesgroupedtogethersuchthatthey
canbeenabledanddisabledasasingleentity.
WhatisAuthorizingDHCPServersinActiveDirectory?
If a DHCP server is to operate within an Active Directory domain (and is not
runningonadomaincontroller)itmustfirstbeauthorized.
This can be achieved either as part of the DHCP Server role installation, or
subsequently using either DHCP console or at the command prompt using the
netshtool.
If the DHCP server was not authorized during installation, invoke the DHCP
console(Start>AllPrograms>AdministrativeTools>DHCP),
right click on the DHCP to be authorized and select Authorize. To achieve the
sameresultfromthecommandprompt,enterthefollowingcommand:

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netshdhcpserverserverIDinitiateauth
Intheabovecommandsyntax,serverIDisreplacedbytheIPaddressorfullUNC
nameofsystemonwhichtheDHCPserverisinstalled.
WhatportsareusedbyDHCPandtheDHCPclients?
RequestsareonUDPport68,ServerrepliesonUDP67.
ListsomeBenefitsofusingDHCP
DHCP provides the following benefits for administering your TCP/IPbased
network:
Safe and reliable configuration.DHCP avoids configuration errors caused by the
need to manually type in values at each computer. Also, DHCP helps prevent
address conflicts caused by a previously assigned IP address being reused to
configureanewcomputeronthenetwork.
Reducesconfigurationmanagement.
Using DHCP servers can greatly decrease time spent to configuring and
reconfiguringcomputersonyournetwork.Serverscanbeconfiguredtosupply a
full range of additional configuration values when assigning address leases.
These values are assigned using DHCP options. Also, the DHCP lease renewal
process helps assure that where client configurations need to be updated often
(such as users with mobile or portable computers who change locations
frequently), these changes can be made efficiently and automatically by clients
communicatingdirectlywithDHCPservers.
The following section covers issues that affect the use of the DHCP Server
service with other services or network configurations. Using DNS servers with
DHCPUsingRoutingandRemoteAccessserverswithDHCPMultihomedDHCP
servers.
DescribetheprocessofinstallingaDHCPserverinanADinfrastructure?
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Open Windows Components Wizard. Under Components , scroll to and click

Networking Services. Click Details . Under Subcomponents of Networking
Services,clickDynamicHostConfigurationProtocol(DHCP)andthenclickOK.
ClickNext.Ifprompted,typethefullpathtotheWindowsServer2003distribution
files,andthenclickNext.Requiredfilesarecopiedtoyourharddisk.
HowtoauthorizeaDHCPserverinActiveDirectoryOpenDHCP?.
Intheconsoletree,clickDHCP
.OntheActionmenu,clickManageauthorizedservers.
.TheManageAuthorizedServersdialogboxappears.ClickAuthorize.
. When prompted, type the name or IP address of the DHCP server to be
authorized,andthenclickOK.
WhatisDHCPINFORM?
DHCPInformisaDHCPmessageusedbyDHCPclientstoobtainDHCPoptions.
WhilePPPremoteaccessclientsdonotuseDHCPtoobtainIPaddressesforthe
remoteaccessconnection,Windows2000andWindows98remoteaccessclients
use the DHCPInform message to obtain DNS serverIP addresses, WINS
serverIPaddresses,andaDNSdomainname.
The DHCPInform message is sent after the IPCP negotiation is concluded. The
DHCPInformmessagereceivedbytheremoteaccessserveristhenforwardedto
aDHCPserver.TheremoteaccessserverforwardsDHCPInformmessagesonly
ifithasbeenconfiguredwiththeDHCPRelayAgent.
DescribetheintegrationbetweenDHCPandDNS?
Traditionally,DNSandDHCPservershavebeenconfiguredandmanagedoneat
atime.Similarly,changingauthorizationrightsforaparticularuseronagroupof
deviceshasmeantvisitingeachoneandmakingconfigurationchanges.
DHCPintegrationwithDNSallowstheaggregationofthesetasksacrossdevices,

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enablingacompanysnetworkservicestoscaleinstepwiththegrowthofnetwork
users, devices, and policies, while reducing administrative operations and costs.
This integrationprovidespracticaloperationalefficiencies that lowertotal costof
ownership.
Creating a DHCP network automatically creates an associated DNS zone, for
example, reducing the number of tasks required of network administrators. And
integrationofDNSandDHCPinthesamedatabaseinstanceprovidesunmatched
consistency between service and management views of IP addresscentric
networkservicesdata.

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