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Vapor
Nozzle
Blended
Liquid/Vapor
Liquid
To avoid this, evaporator coils come with distributors. The distributor is ideally
mounted pointing up or down to minimize this liquid/gas separation, it blends
these two fluids, and evenly distributes this stream to the individual coil circuits.
To maintain the same proportion of liquid/gas as the stream travels from the
distributor to coil tubes at different locations, distributor lead tubes are used.
These lead tubes are the same length, ensuring a nearly identical pressure drop
between the distributor and each coil circuit.
Also inside the distributor is a nozzle or orifice. As the refrigerant flows through
the nozzle, its speed increases, helping to blend and create the proper pressure
drop, so the flashing process can occur inside the coil tubes. It is important that
the distributor, nozzle opening size, diameter and length of the distributor lead
tubes be properly sized. They all affect the amount of pressure drop in the
refrigerant stream and the resulting flash temperature in the coil. If not properly
sized for the type refrigerant and system operating conditions, then the
temperature of the leaving hot gas will be different. The expansion control valve
responses accordingly, and can starve or flood the compressor with refrigerant.
The compressor then shuts down to avoid damage from a low or high head
pressure.
Some evaporator coils do not have a distributor. On this type coil proper sizing of
headers, lead tubes, and the coil circuiting, size, fin surface type and FPI are
even MORE critical. Once built, the pressure drop through this coil can not be
adjusted, unlike a coil with a distributor where the nozzle can be changed to
balance the desired overall pressure drop (to a point).
Distributor
Lead Tubes
Coil Tube
Coil Plate Fin
Entering Refrigerant
Liquid/Gas via
Distributor Lead
Tube
ENTERING
WARM AIR
A COIL
CIRCUIT