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An Overview
Introduction
Topics that will be covered
1. Welding process
A Brief Overview
2. General welding information
Types Of Welds And Weld Symbols
3. Design of welds
Selection of weld type : Basic Guidelines
Designers Guidelines to Welding Economics
4. Frequently Asked Questions Related To Welding
(c) Tanusree Chakraborty
Introduction
Topics that will NOT be covered
1. Welding Metallurgy
2. Defects of Welding
3. Testing of Welds and WPS
Welding process
A Brief Overview
What is welding?
Types Of Joints
Lap Joint
Corner Joint
Butt Joint
Edge
Tee Joint
Types Of Weld
1. Fillet weld
3. Plug weld
4. Slot weld
(c) Tanusree Chakraborty
Fillet Weld 1
Basic features
Fillet Weld 2
Fillet Weld 3
Single sided
Double sided
Intermittent
Basic features
Properly deposited welds are much stronger than even the parent
metal (with matching electrodes) for the following reasons :
Superior specification of electrode material
Controlled welding process leading to uniformity in weld
metal texture
Groove
angle
Root
face
Beveled
Square
Partial
Penetration
(c) Tanusree Chakraborty
Single sided
Double sided
Intermittent
Design of Welds
Selection of weld type :
Basic Guidelines
Factors to be considered in determining the suitability of welds: Strength and safety requirement
Type of loading (comp, tension, fatigue, bending)
Application of loading (static, dynamic)
Cost of preparing the joint
Type of joint & joint efficiency
Depends on design. Full strength joints using fillet weld are mostly
uneconomic.
(c) Tanusree Chakraborty
o
o
o
o
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Allowable Stresses
Minimum Weld
Size
Inch
1/8
3/16
1/4
5/16
Note: Unless the weld is specially designated on the drawings to be built out to full
throat thickness
1/16
Fig-1
Fig-2
V-butt single
V-butt double
Unlimited
with or without spacer bar
Bevel-butt single
tp
6
where, tp = thickness of
plate (thinner)
(c) Tanusree Chakraborty
2
t
+
w
Design of Welds:
Slot / Plug / Intermittent
Slon
Design parameters
1 Minimum Spacing
(ref. 2.5.3 AWS D1.1-96)
2 Length & Width of Slot
(ref. 3.10.2 AWS D1.1-96)
Plate thickness = tp
Stra
>4xW
Slon
>2xL
W
Stra
Slon
L > 10 x tp
W < tp + 8 mm
W > min W + 3 mm
W > 2.25 x tp
4 Slot ends
(ref. 2.5.4 AWS D1.1-96)
d = tp
d > 0.5 x tp
d > 15.875 mm
i) Semicircular
ii) R < tp
if tp is < 15.9 mm
if tp is > 15.9 mm
No bend on slot for the ends extending to the edge of the part.
5 Effective Area
(ref. 2.5.1 AWS D1.1-96)
Design of Welds:
Special Attentions
Welding Positions 1
FLAT
HORIZONTAL
Welding Positions 2
VERTICAL
OVERHEAD
2. Not recommended
1. Prohibited
Slag entrapment
Working against gravity
Awkward stance of the welder
Chances of inferior weld quality
Safety hazard
Welding Economics:
And other points to ponder
SUMMARY-1
SUMMARY2
SUMMARY3
Some points to remember
Single-V or single bevel weld w/o backing strip is
considered as prohibited in primary member connections
as per AWS.
Fillet welds less than 3/16 (5mm) is prohibited in primary
members.
Bearing type bolted connection is not to be supplemented by
weld to transfer load . Welds in slip-critical connection is
allowed.
THE END
Presented By
Tanusree Chakraborty
(c) Tanusree Chakraborty