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DN22:MahasatipatthanaSutta

Help|HomeTipitakaSuttaPitakaDighaNikayaContextofthissutta{Dii289}

DighaNikaya22

MahasatipatthanaSutta
TheGreatFramesofReference
TranslatedfromthePalibyThanissaroBhikkhu.
Forfreedistributiononly.

IhaveheardthatononeoccasiontheBlessedOnewasstayingintheKurucountry.Nowthereisatown
oftheKuruscalledKammasadhamma.TheretheBlessedOneaddressedthemonks,"Monks."
"Lord,"themonksreplied.
TheBlessedOnesaidthis:"Thisisthedirectpathforthepurificationofbeings,fortheovercomingof
sorrow&lamentation,forthedisappearanceofpain&distress,fortheattainmentoftherightmethod,&
fortherealizationofUnbindinginotherwords,thefourframesofreference.Whichfour?
"Thereisthecasewhereamonkremainsfocusedonthebodyin&ofitselfardent,alert,&mindful
puttingasidegreed&distresswithreferencetotheworld.Heremainsfocusedonfeelings...mind...
mentalqualitiesin&ofthemselvesardent,alert,&mindfulputtingasidegreed&distresswith
referencetotheworld.

(A.Body)
"Andhowdoesamonkremainfocusedonthebodyin&ofitself?
[1]"Thereisthecasewhereamonkhavinggonetothewilderness,totheshadeofatree,ortoan
emptybuildingsitsdownfoldinghislegscrosswise,holdinghisbodyerectandsettingmindfulnessto
thefore[lit:thefrontofthechest].Alwaysmindful,hebreathesinmindfulhebreathesout.
"Breathinginlong,hediscernsthatheisbreathinginlongorbreathingoutlong,hediscernsthatheis
breathingoutlong.Orbreathinginshort,hediscernsthatheisbreathinginshortorbreathingoutshort,
hediscernsthatheisbreathingoutshort.Hetrainshimselftobreatheinsensitivetotheentirebodyand
tobreatheoutsensitivetotheentirebody.Hetrainshimselftobreatheincalmingbodilyfabricationand
tobreatheoutcalmingbodilyfabrication.Justasaskilledturnerorhisapprentice,whenmakingalong
turn,discernsthatheismakingalongturn,orwhenmakingashortturndiscernsthatheismakinga
shortturninthesamewaythemonk,whenbreathinginlong,discernsthatheisbreathinginlongor
breathingoutshort,hediscernsthatheisbreathingoutshort...Hetrainshimselftobreatheincalming
bodilyfabrication,andtobreatheoutcalmingbodilyfabrication.
"Inthiswayheremainsfocusedinternallyonthebodyin&ofitself,orexternallyonthebodyin&of
itself,orbothinternally&externallyonthebodyin&ofitself.Orheremainsfocusedonthe
phenomenonoforiginationwithregardtothebody,onthephenomenonofpassingawaywithregardto
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thebody,oronthephenomenonoforigination&passingawaywithregardtothebody.Orhis
mindfulnessthat'Thereisabody'ismaintainedtotheextentofknowledge&remembrance.Andhe
remainsindependent,unsustainedby(notclingingto)anythingintheworld.Thisishowamonkremains
focusedonthebodyin&ofitself.
[2]"Furthermore,whenwalking,themonkdiscernsthatheiswalking.Whenstanding,hediscernsthat
heisstanding.Whensitting,hediscernsthatheissitting.Whenlyingdown,hediscernsthatheislying
down.Orhoweverhisbodyisdisposed,thatishowhediscernsit.
"Inthiswayheremainsfocusedinternallyonthebodyin&ofitself,orfocusedexternally...unsustained
byanythingintheworld.Thisishowamonkremainsfocusedonthebodyin&ofitself.
[3]"Furthermore,whengoingforward&returning,hemakeshimselffullyalertwhenlookingtoward&
lookingaway...whenbending&extendinghislimbs...whencarryinghisoutercloak,hisupperrobe&
hisbowl...wheneating,drinking,chewing,&savoring...whenurinating&defecating...whenwalking,
standing,sitting,fallingasleep,wakingup,talking,&remainingsilent,hemakeshimselffullyalert.
"Inthiswayheremainsfocusedinternallyonthebodyin&ofitself,orfocusedexternally...unsustained
byanythingintheworld.Thisishowamonkremainsfocusedonthebodyin&ofitself.
[4]"Furthermore...justasifasackwithopeningsatbothendswerefullofvariouskindsofgrain
wheat,rice,mungbeans,kidneybeans,sesameseeds,huskedriceandamanwithgoodeyesight,
pouringitout,weretoreflect,'Thisiswheat.Thisisrice.Thesearemungbeans.Thesearekidneybeans.
Thesearesesameseeds.Thisishuskedrice,'inthesameway,monks,amonkreflectsonthisverybody
fromthesolesofthefeetonup,fromthecrownoftheheadondown,surroundedbyskinandfullof
variouskindsofuncleanthings:'Inthisbodythereareheadhairs,bodyhairs,nails,teeth,skin,flesh,
tendons,bones,bonemarrow,kidneys,heart,liver,pleura,spleen,lungs,largeintestines,small
intestines,gorge,feces,bile,phlegm,pus,blood,sweat,fat,tears,skinoil,saliva,mucus,fluidinthe
joints,urine.'
"Inthiswayheremainsfocusedinternallyonthebodyin&ofitself,orfocusedexternally...unsustained
byanythingintheworld.Thisishowamonkremainsfocusedonthebodyin&ofitself.
[5]"Furthermore...justasaskilledbutcherorhisapprentice,havingkilledacow,wouldsitata
crossroadscuttingitupintopieces,themonkcontemplatesthisverybodyhoweveritstands,however
itisdisposedintermsofproperties:'Inthisbodythereistheearthproperty,theliquidproperty,thefire
property,&thewindproperty.'
"Inthiswayheremainsfocusedinternallyonthebodyin&ofitself,orfocusedexternally...unsustained
byanythingintheworld.Thisishowamonkremainsfocusedonthebodyin&ofitself.
[6]"Furthermore,asifheweretoseeacorpsecastawayinacharnelgroundoneday,twodays,three
daysdeadbloated,livid,&festering,heappliesittothisverybody,'Thisbody,too:Suchisitsnature,
suchisitsfuture,suchitsunavoidablefate'...
"Oragain,asifheweretoseeacorpsecastawayinacharnelground,pickedatbycrows,vultures,&
hawks,bydogs,hyenas,&variousothercreatures...askeletonsmearedwithflesh&blood,connected
withtendons...afleshlessskeletonsmearedwithblood,connectedwithtendons...askeletonwithout
fleshorblood,connectedwithtendons...bonesdetachedfromtheirtendons,scatteredinalldirections
hereahandbone,thereafootbone,hereashinbone,thereathighbone,hereahipbone,thereaback
bone,herearib,thereachestbone,hereashoulderbone,thereaneckbone,hereajawbone,therea
tooth,hereaskull...theboneswhitened,somewhatlikethecolorofshells...piledup,morethanayear
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old...decomposedintoapowder:Heappliesittothisverybody,'Thisbody,too:Suchisitsnature,such
isitsfuture,suchitsunavoidablefate.'
"Inthiswayheremainsfocusedinternallyonthebodyin&ofitself,orexternallyonthebodyin&of
itself,orbothinternally&externallyonthebodyin&ofitself.Orheremainsfocusedonthe
phenomenonoforiginationwithregardtothebody,onthephenomenonofpassingawaywithregardto
thebody,oronthephenomenonoforigination&passingawaywithregardtothebody.Orhis
mindfulnessthat'Thereisabody'ismaintainedtotheextentofknowledge&remembrance.Andhe
remainsindependent,unsustainedby(notclingingto)anythingintheworld.Thisishowamonkremains
focusedonthebodyin&ofitself.

(B.Feelings)
"Andhowdoesamonkremainfocusedonfeelingsin&ofthemselves?Thereisthecasewhereamonk,
whenfeelingapainfulfeeling,discernsthatheisfeelingapainfulfeeling.Whenfeelingapleasant
feeling,hediscernsthatheisfeelingapleasantfeeling.Whenfeelinganeitherpainfulnorpleasant
feeling,hediscernsthatheisfeelinganeitherpainfulnorpleasantfeeling.
"Whenfeelingapainfulfeelingoftheflesh,hediscernsthatheisfeelingapainfulfeelingoftheflesh.
Whenfeelingapainfulfeelingnotoftheflesh,hediscernsthatheisfeelingapainfulfeelingnotofthe
flesh.Whenfeelingapleasantfeelingoftheflesh,hediscernsthatheisfeelingapleasantfeelingofthe
flesh.Whenfeelingapleasantfeelingnotoftheflesh,hediscernsthatheisfeelingapleasantfeelingnot
oftheflesh.Whenfeelinganeitherpainfulnorpleasantfeelingoftheflesh,hediscernsthatheisfeeling
aneitherpainfulnorpleasantfeelingoftheflesh.Whenfeelinganeitherpainfulnorpleasantfeeling
notoftheflesh,hediscernsthatheisfeelinganeitherpainfulnorpleasantfeelingnotoftheflesh.
"Inthiswayheremainsfocusedinternallyonfeelingsin&ofthemselves,orexternallyonfeelingsin&
ofthemselves,orbothinternally&externallyonfeelingsin&ofthemselves.Orheremainsfocusedon
thephenomenonoforiginationwithregardtofeelings,onthephenomenonofpassingawaywithregard
tofeelings,oronthephenomenonoforigination&passingawaywithregardtofeelings.Orhis
mindfulnessthat'Therearefeelings'ismaintainedtotheextentofknowledge&remembrance.Andhe
remainsindependent,unsustainedby(notclingingto)anythingintheworld.Thisishowamonkremains
focusedonfeelingsin&ofthemselves.

(C.Mind)
"Andhowdoesamonkremainfocusedonthemindin&ofitself?Thereisthecasewhereamonk,when
themindhaspassion,discernsthatthemindhaspassion.Whenthemindiswithoutpassion,hediscerns
thatthemindiswithoutpassion.Whenthemindhasaversion,hediscernsthatthemindhasaversion.
Whenthemindiswithoutaversion,hediscernsthatthemindiswithoutaversion.Whenthemindhas
delusion,hediscernsthatthemindhasdelusion.Whenthemindiswithoutdelusion,hediscernsthatthe
mindiswithoutdelusion.
"Whenthemindisrestricted,hediscernsthatthemindisrestricted.Whenthemindisscattered,he
discernsthatthemindisscattered.Whenthemindisenlarged,hediscernsthatthemindisenlarged.
Whenthemindisnotenlarged,hediscernsthatthemindisnotenlarged.Whenthemindissurpassed,he
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discernsthatthemindissurpassed.Whenthemindisunsurpassed,hediscernsthatthemindis
unsurpassed.Whenthemindisconcentrated,hediscernsthatthemindisconcentrated.Whenthemindis
notconcentrated,hediscernsthatthemindisnotconcentrated.Whenthemindisreleased,hediscerns
thatthemindisreleased.Whenthemindisnotreleased,hediscernsthatthemindisnotreleased.
"Inthiswayheremainsfocusedinternallyonthemindin&ofitself,orexternallyonthemindin&of
itself,orbothinternally&externallyonthemindin&ofitself.Orheremainsfocusedonthe
phenomenonoforiginationwithregardtothemind,onthephenomenonofpassingawaywithregardto
themind,oronthephenomenonoforigination&passingawaywithregardtothemind.Orhis
mindfulnessthat'Thereisamind'ismaintainedtotheextentofknowledge&remembrance.Andhe
remainsindependent,unsustainedby(notclingingto)anythingintheworld.Thisishowamonkremains
focusedonthemindin&ofitself.

(D.MentalQualities)
"Andhowdoesamonkremainfocusedonmentalqualitiesin&ofthemselves?
[1]"Thereisthecasewhereamonkremainsfocusedonmentalqualitiesin&ofthemselveswith
referencetothefivehindrances.Andhowdoesamonkremainfocusedonmentalqualitiesin&of
themselveswithreferencetothefivehindrances?Thereisthecasewhere,therebeingsensualdesire
presentwithin,amonkdiscernsthat'Thereissensualdesirepresentwithinme.'Or,therebeingno
sensualdesirepresentwithin,hediscernsthat'Thereisnosensualdesirepresentwithinme.'Hediscerns
howthereisthearisingofunarisensensualdesire.Andhediscernshowthereistheabandoningof
sensualdesireonceithasarisen.Andhediscernshowthereisnofurtherappearanceinthefutureof
sensualdesirethathasbeenabandoned.(Thesameformulaisrepeatedfortheremaininghindrances:ill
will,sloth&drowsiness,restlessness&anxiety,anduncertainty.)
"Inthiswayheremainsfocusedinternallyonmentalqualitiesin&ofthemselves,orexternallyon
mentalqualitiesin&ofthemselves,orbothinternally&externallyonmentalqualitiesin&of
themselves.Orheremainsfocusedonthephenomenonoforiginationwithregardtomentalqualities,on
thephenomenonofpassingawaywithregardtomentalqualities,oronthephenomenonoforigination&
passingawaywithregardtomentalqualities.Orhismindfulnessthat'Therearementalqualities'is
maintainedtotheextentofknowledge&remembrance.Andheremainsindependent,unsustainedby
(notclingingto)anythingintheworld.Thisishowamonkremainsfocusedonmentalqualitiesin&of
themselveswithreferencetothefivehindrances.
[2]"Furthermore,themonkremainsfocusedonmentalqualitiesin&ofthemselveswithreferencetothe
fiveclingingaggregates.Andhowdoesheremainfocusedonmentalqualitiesin&ofthemselveswith
referencetothefiveclingingaggregates?Thereisthecasewhereamonk[discerns]:'Suchisform,such
itsorigination,suchitsdisappearance.Suchisfeeling...Suchisperception...Sucharefabrications...Such
isconsciousness,suchitsorigination,suchitsdisappearance.'
"Inthiswayheremainsfocusedinternallyonthementalqualitiesin&ofthemselves,orfocused
externally...unsustainedbyanythingintheworld.Thisishowamonkremainsfocusedonmental
qualitiesin&ofthemselveswithreferencetothefiveclingingaggregates.
[3]"Furthermore,themonkremainsfocusedonmentalqualitiesin&ofthemselveswithreferencetothe
sixfoldinternal&externalsensemedia.Andhowdoesheremainfocusedonmentalqualitiesin&of
themselveswithreferencetothesixfoldinternal&externalsensemedia?Thereisthecasewherehe
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discernstheeye,hediscernsforms,hediscernsthefetterthatarisesdependentonboth.Hediscernshow
thereisthearisingofanunarisenfetter.Andhediscernshowthereistheabandoningofafetteronceit
hasarisen.Andhediscernshowthereisnofurtherappearanceinthefutureofafetterthathasbeen
abandoned.(Thesameformulaisrepeatedfortheremainingsensemedia:ear,nose,tongue,body,&
intellect.)
"Inthiswayheremainsfocusedinternallyonthementalqualitiesin&ofthemselves,orfocused
externally...unsustainedbyanythingintheworld.Thisishowamonkremainsfocusedonmental
qualitiesin&ofthemselveswithreferencetothesixfoldinternal&externalsensemedia.
[4]"Furthermore,themonkremainsfocusedonmentalqualitiesin&ofthemselveswithreferencetothe
sevenfactorsforAwakening.Andhowdoesheremainfocusedonmentalqualitiesin&ofthemselves
withreferencetothesevenfactorsforAwakening?Thereisthecasewhere,therebeingmindfulnessasa
factorforAwakeningpresentwithin,hediscernsthat'MindfulnessasafactorforAwakeningispresent
withinme.'Or,therebeingnomindfulnessasafactorforAwakeningpresentwithin,hediscernsthat
'MindfulnessasafactorforAwakeningisnotpresentwithinme.'Hediscernshowthereisthearisingof
unarisenmindfulnessasafactorforAwakening.Andhediscernshowthereistheculminationofthe
developmentofmindfulnessasafactorforAwakeningonceithasarisen.(Thesameformulaisrepeated
fortheremainingfactorsforAwakening:analysisofqualities,persistence,rapture,serenity,
concentration,&equanimity.)
"Inthiswayheremainsfocusedinternallyonmentalqualitiesin&ofthemselves,orexternally...
unsustainedby(notclingingto)anythingintheworld.Thisishowamonkremainsfocusedonmental
qualitiesin&ofthemselveswithreferencetothesevenfactorsforAwakening.
[5]"Furthermore,themonkremainsfocusedonmentalqualitiesin&ofthemselveswithreferencetothe
fournobletruths.Andhowdoesheremainfocusedonmentalqualitiesin&ofthemselveswithreference
tothefournobletruths?Thereisthecasewherehediscerns,asitisactuallypresent,that'Thisisstress...
Thisistheoriginationofstress...Thisisthecessationofstress...Thisisthewayleadingtothecessation
ofstress.'
[a]"Nowwhatisthenobletruthofstress?Birthisstress,agingisstress,deathisstressfulsorrow,
lamentation,pain,distress,&despairarestressassociationwiththeunbelovedisstressseparationfrom
thelovedisstressnotgettingwhatiswantedisstress.Inshort,thefiveclingingaggregatesarestress.
"Andwhatisbirth?Whateverbirth,takingbirth,descent,comingtobe,comingforth,appearanceof
aggregates,&acquisitionof[sense]spheresofthevariousbeingsinthisorthatgroupofbeings,thatis
calledbirth.
"Andwhatisaging?Whateveraging,decrepitude,brokenness,graying,wrinkling,declineoflifeforce,
weakeningofthefacultiesofthevariousbeingsinthisorthatgroupofbeings,thatiscalledaging.
"Andwhatisdeath?Whateverdeceasing,passingaway,breakingup,disappearance,dying,death,
completionoftime,breakupoftheaggregates,castingoffofthebody,interruptioninthelifefacultyof
thevariousbeingsinthisorthatgroupofbeings,thatiscalleddeath.
"Andwhatissorrow?Whateversorrow,sorrowing,sadness,inwardsorrow,inwardsadnessofanyone
sufferingfrommisfortune,touchedbyapainfulthing,thatiscalledsorrow.
"Andwhatislamentation?Whatevercrying,grieving,lamenting,weeping,wailing,lamentationof
anyonesufferingfrommisfortune,touchedbyapainfulthing,thatiscalledlamentation.
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"Andwhatispain?Whateverisexperiencedasbodilypain,bodilydiscomfort,painordiscomfortborn
ofbodilycontact,thatiscalledpain.
"Andwhatisdistress?Whateverisexperiencedasmentalpain,mentaldiscomfort,painordiscomfort
bornofmentalcontact,thatiscalleddistress.
"Andwhatisdespair?Whateverdespair,despondency,desperationofanyonesufferingfrommisfortune,
touchedbyapainfulthing,thatiscalleddespair.
"Andwhatisthestressofassociationwiththeunbeloved?Thereisthecasewhereundesirable,
unpleasing,unattractivesights,sounds,aromas,flavors,ortactilesensationsoccurtooneoronehas
connection,contact,relationship,interactionwiththosewhowishoneill,whowishforone'sharm,who
wishforone'sdiscomfort,whowishonenosecurityfromtheyoke.Thisiscalledthestressofassociation
withtheunbeloved.
"Andwhatisthestressofseparationfromtheloved?Thereisthecasewheredesirable,pleasing,
attractivesights,sounds,aromas,flavors,ortactilesensationsdonotoccurtooneoronehasno
connection,nocontact,norelationship,nointeractionwiththosewhowishonewell,whowishforone's
benefit,whowishforone'scomfort,whowishonesecurityfromtheyoke,norwithone'smother,father,
brother,sister,friends,companions,orrelatives.Thisiscalledthestressofseparationfromtheloved.
"Andwhatisthestressofnotgettingwhatiswanted?Inbeingssubjecttobirth,thewisharises,'O,may
wenotbesubjecttobirth,andmaybirthnotcometous.'Butthisisnotbeachievedbywishing.Thisis
thestressofnotgettingwhatonewants.Inbeingssubjecttoaging...illness...death...sorrow,
lamentation,pain,distress,&despair,thewisharises,'O,maywenotbesubjecttoaging...illness...
death...sorrow,lamentation,pain,distress,&despair,andmayaging...illness...death...sorrow,
lamentation,pain,distress,&despairnotcometous.'Butthisisnotbeachievedbywishing.Thisisthe
stressofnotgettingwhatiswanted.
"Andwhatarethefiveclingingaggregatesthat,inshort,arestress?Formasaclingingaggregate,
feelingasaclingingaggregate,perceptionasaclingingaggregate,fabricationsasaclingingaggregate,
consciousnessasaclingingaggregate:Thesearecalledthefiveclingingaggregatesthat,inshort,are
stress.
"Thisiscalledthenobletruthofstress.
[b]"Andwhatisthenobletruthoftheoriginationofstress?Thecravingthatmakesforfurtherbecoming
accompaniedbypassion&delight,relishingnowhere&nowtherei.e.,cravingforsensuality,
cravingforbecoming,cravingfornonbecoming.
"Andwheredoesthiscraving,whenarising,arise?Andwhere,whendwelling,doesitdwell?Whatever
isendearing&alluringintermsoftheworld:thatiswherethiscraving,whenarising,arises.Thatis
where,whendwelling,itdwells.
"Andwhatisendearing&alluringintermsoftheworld?Theeyeisendearing&alluringintermsofthe
world.Thatiswherethiscraving,whenarising,arises.Thatiswhere,whendwelling,itdwells.
"Theear...Thenose...Thetongue...Thebody...Theintellect...
"Forms...Sounds...Smells...Tastes...Tactilesensations...Ideas...
"Eyeconsciousness...Earconsciousness...Noseconsciousness...Tongueconsciousness...Body
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consciousness...Intellectconsciousness...
"Eyecontact...Earcontact...Nosecontact...Tonguecontact...Bodycontact...Intellectcontact...
"Feelingbornofeyecontact...Feelingbornofearcontact...Feelingbornofnosecontact...Feelingborn
oftonguecontact...Feelingbornofbodycontact...Feelingbornofintellectcontact...
"Perceptionofforms...Perceptionofsounds...Perceptionofsmells...Perceptionoftastes...Perceptionof
tactilesensations...Perceptionofideas...
"Intentionforforms...Intentionforsounds...Intentionforsmells...Intentionfortastes...Intentionfor
tactilesensations...Intentionforideas...
"Cravingforforms...Cravingforsounds...Cravingforsmells...Cravingfortastes...Cravingfortactile
sensations...Cravingforideas...
"Thoughtdirectedatforms...Thoughtdirectedatsounds...Thoughtdirectedatsmells...Thoughtdirected
attastes...Thoughtdirectedattactilesensations...Thoughtdirectedatideas...
"Evaluationofforms...Evaluationofsounds...Evaluationofsmells...Evaluationoftastes...Evaluation
oftactilesensations...Evaluationofideasisendearing&alluringintermsoftheworld.Thatiswhere
thiscraving,whenarising,arises.Thatiswhere,whendwelling,itdwells.
"Thisiscalledthenobletruthoftheoriginationofstress.
[c]"Andwhatisthenobletruthofthecessationofstress?Theremainderlessfading&cessation,
renunciation,relinquishment,release,&lettinggoofthatverycraving.
"Andwhere,whenbeingabandoned,isthiscravingabandoned?Andwhere,whenceasing,doesitcease?
Whateverisendearing&alluringintermsoftheworld:thatiswhere,whenbeingabandoned,this
cravingisabandoned.Thatiswhere,whenceasing,itceases.
"Andwhatisendearing&alluringintermsoftheworld?Theeyeisendearing&alluringintermsofthe
world.Thatiswhere,whenbeingabandoned,thiscravingisabandoned.Thatiswhere,whenceasing,it
ceases.
"Theear...Thenose...Thetongue...Thebody...Theintellect...
"Forms...Sounds...Smells...Tastes...Tactilesensations...Ideas...
"Eyeconsciousness...Earconsciousness...Noseconsciousness...Tongueconsciousness...Body
consciousness...Intellectconsciousness...
"Eyecontact...Earcontact...Nosecontact...Tonguecontact...Bodycontact...Intellectcontact...
"Feelingbornofeyecontact...Feelingbornofearcontact...Feelingbornofnosecontact...Feelingborn
oftonguecontact...Feelingbornofbodycontact...Feelingbornofintellectcontact...
"Perceptionofforms...Perceptionofsounds...Perceptionofsmells...Perceptionoftastes...Perceptionof
tactilesensations...Perceptionofideas...
"Intentionforforms...Intentionforsounds...Intentionforsmells...Intentionfortastes...Intentionfor
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tactilesensations...Intentionforideas...
"Cravingforforms...Cravingforsounds...Cravingforsmells...Cravingfortastes...Cravingfortactile
sensations...Cravingforideas...
"Thoughtdirectedatforms...Thoughtdirectedatsounds...Thoughtdirectedatsmells...Thoughtdirected
attastes...Thoughtdirectedattactilesensations...Thoughtdirectedatideas...
"Evaluationofforms...Evaluationofsounds...Evaluationofsmells...Evaluationoftastes...Evaluation
oftactilesensations...Evaluationofideasisendearing&alluringintermsoftheworld.Thatiswhere,
whenbeingabandoned,thiscravingisabandoned.Thatiswhere,whenceasing,itceases.
"Thisiscalledthenobletruthofthecessationofstress.
[d]"Andwhatisthenobletruthofthepathofpracticeleadingtothecessationofstress?Justthisvery
nobleeightfoldpath:rightview,rightresolve,rightspeech,rightaction,rightlivelihood,righteffort,
rightmindfulness,rightconcentration.
"Andwhatisrightview?Knowledgewithregardtostress,knowledgewithregardtotheoriginationof
stress,knowledgewithregardtothecessationofstress,knowledgewithregardtothewayofpractice
leadingtothecessationofstress:Thisiscalledrightview.
"Andwhatisrightresolve?Aspiringtorenunciation,tofreedomfromillwill,toharmlessness:Thisis
calledrightresolve.
"Andwhatisrightspeech?Abstainingfromlying,fromdivisivespeech,fromabusivespeech,&from
idlechatter:Thisiscalledrightspeech.
"Andwhatisrightaction?Abstainingfromtakinglife,fromstealing,&fromillicitsex.Thisiscalled
rightaction.
"Andwhatisrightlivelihood?Thereisthecasewhereadiscipleofthenobleones,havingabandoned
dishonestlivelihood,keepshislifegoingwithrightlivelihood:Thisiscalledrightlivelihood.
"Andwhatisrighteffort?Thereisthecasewhereamonkgeneratesdesire,endeavors,arouses
persistence,upholds&exertshisintentforthesakeofthenonarisingofevil,unskillfulqualitiesthat
havenotyetarisen...forthesakeoftheabandoningofevil,unskillfulqualitiesthathavearisen...forthe
sakeofthearisingofskillfulqualitiesthathavenotyetarisen...(and)forthemaintenance,non
confusion,increase,plenitude,development,&culminationofskillfulqualitiesthathavearisen:Thisis
calledrighteffort.
"Andwhatisrightmindfulness?Thereisthecasewhereamonkremainsfocusedonthebodyin&of
itselfardent,alert,&mindfulputtingasidegreed&distresswithreferencetotheworld.Heremains
focusedonfeelingsin&ofthemselves...themindin&ofitself...mentalqualitiesin&ofthemselves
ardent,alert,&mindfulputtingasidegreed&distresswithreferencetotheworld.Thisiscalledright
mindfulness.
"Andwhatisrightconcentration?Thereisthecasewhereamonkquitewithdrawnfromsensuality,
withdrawnfromunskillful(mental)qualitiesenters&remainsinthefirstjhana:rapture&pleasure
bornfromwithdrawal,accompaniedbydirectedthought&evaluation.Withthestillingofdirected
thought&evaluation,heenters&remainsinthesecondjhana:rapture&pleasurebornofcomposure,
unificationofawarenessfreefromdirectedthought&evaluationinternalassurance.Withthefadingof
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raptureheremainsinequanimity,mindful&alert,physicallysensitiveofpleasure.Heenters&remains
inthethirdjhana,ofwhichtheNobleOnesdeclare,'Equanimous&mindful,hehasapleasurable
abiding.'Withtheabandoningofpleasure&painaswiththeearlierdisappearanceofelation&distress
heenters&remainsinthefourthjhana:purityofequanimity&mindfulness,neitherpleasurenorpain.
Thisiscalledrightconcentration.
"Thisiscalledthenobletruthofthepathofpracticeleadingtothecessationofstress.
"Inthiswayheremainsfocusedinternallyonmentalqualitiesin&ofthemselves,orexternallyon
mentalqualitiesin&ofthemselves,orbothinternally&externallyonmentalqualitiesin&of
themselves.Orheremainsfocusedonthephenomenonoforiginationwithregardtomentalqualities,on
thephenomenonofpassingawaywithregardtomentalqualities,oronthephenomenonoforigination&
passingawaywithregardtomentalqualities.Orhismindfulnessthat'Therearementalqualities'is
maintainedtotheextentofknowledge&remembrance.Andheremainsindependent,unsustainedby
(notclingingto)anythingintheworld.Thisishowamonkremainsfocusedonmentalqualitiesin&of
themselveswithreferencetothefournobletruths...

(E.Conclusion)
"Now,ifanyonewoulddevelopthesefourframesofreferenceinthiswayforsevenyears,oneoftwo
fruitscanbeexpectedforhim:eithergnosisrighthere&now,oriftherebeanyremnantofclinging
sustenancenonreturn.
"Letalonesevenyears.Ifanyonewoulddevelopthesefourframesofreferenceinthiswayforsix
years...five...four...three...twoyears...oneyear...sevenmonths...sixmonths...five...four...three...two
months...onemonth...halfamonth,oneoftwofruitscanbeexpectedforhim:eithergnosisrighthere&
now,oriftherebeanyremnantofclingingsustenancenonreturn.
"Letalonehalfamonth.Ifanyonewoulddevelopthesefourframesofreferenceinthiswayforseven
days,oneoftwofruitscanbeexpectedforhim:eithergnosisrighthere&now,oriftherebeany
remnantofclingingsustenancenonreturn.
"'Thisisthedirectpathforthepurificationofbeings,fortheovercomingofsorrow&lamentation,for
thedisappearanceofpain&distress,fortheattainmentoftherightmethod,&fortherealizationof
Unbindinginotherwords,thefourframesofreference.'Thuswasitsaid,andinreferencetothiswasit
said."
ThatiswhattheBlessedOnesaid.Gratified,themonksdelightedintheBlessedOne'swords.
Revised:Tue27May2003
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