UniversityofSulaimani

EngineeringCollage
CivilEngineeringDepartment

DesignofReinforcedConcrete

CourseBook

Mr.KawanK.Ghafor

Sulaimani2010

CourseBook
Coursetitle
DesignofReinforcedConcrete
lecturerincharge
Mr.KawanK.Ghafor
Dept/Collage
CivilEng.Dept.
EngineeringCollage
Contactdetails
Tel:07701562324 Email:Kawan.ghafor@yahoo.com
Courselinkinthe
University
Coordinatorsname Mr.FarhadR.Kareem
Contactdetails
Tel:07702248973 Email:f1974r1932k1884@yahoo.com
Courseoverview:mentiontheimportanceandneedsofthiscourseintwoor
threeparagraphs.
The course contain basic information of design of reinforced concrete in
whichitdealswithteachingthestudentsthefundamentaldesignmethodsthat
used in designing concrete members in framed buildings like (Beams, Slabs,
Columns,and.etc).Theimpotencyofthiscoursecanbeobservedinthereal
practice field because each building (Commercial or Educational or Residential
or..)needtobestructurallydesignedinordertobeconstructedinthesite.
CourseObjectives:identifyintwoorthreeparagraphstheimportantobjectives
ofthecourseandshowthosepointsthatstudentsshouldlearnattheendofthe
course.
CourseObjectives:
1. To understand different design approaches that used in concrete design
andtoselecttheproperoneforeachdesign.
2. Tounderstandthereasonofplacingreinforcementincertainlocationsin
concretemembers.
3. Topredictthebenefitsoflearning(Engineeringmechanics,Mechanicsof
Material, Concrete technologies, and Structural analysis) and to
understandtherelationofthesecoursesindesignofreinforcedconcrete
members.
4. To teach the students how to design individual members (Beams, Slab,
Columns.ect)byfindingthesuitabledimensionsandreinforcementfor
them.
5. To show the students about the standards that should be followed in
designofconcretestructures..

CourseReadingListandReferences

Mainreferences:
1. Jack C. McCormac and James K. Nelson "Design of Reinforced Concrete"
7th.Edition,2006.
2. Arthure H. Nelson, David Darwin, Charles W. Dolan "Design of Concrete
Structures"13th.Edition2004.
3. Victor E. Saouma "Lecture notes in Mechanics and Design of Reinforced
Concrete"UniversityofColorado,USA.Fall2002.
4. ACICommittee"BuildingCodeRequirementsforStructuralConcrete(ACI
31808)andcommentary"StructuralBuildingCode.January2008.

Internetreviews:

~Anyinternetsourcesdealswith"Designofconcretestructures"byusingACI
codecanbehelpfulforthecoursestudy.

SyllabusofReinforcedConcreteDesign3rd.Stage
Week
No.

TitleoftheSubject

Lecturesname

Introduction, Syllabus and mentioning overall idea

KawanK.Ghafor
aboutcoursebenefitsandimpotencies

Material Properties (Cement, Sand, Graver,

KawanK.Ghafor
ReinforcingSteel,andConcretemix)

Design philosophies ( Working Stress Design and

KawanK.Ghafor
UltimateStrengthDesign)

Design of Reinforced Concrete Beams ( Singly

KawanK.Ghafor
Reinforced)

Design of Reinforced Concrete Beams ( Singly

KawanK.Ghafor
Reinforced)

Design of Reinforced Concrete Beams ( Doubly

KawanK.Ghafor
Reinforced)
3

Design of Reinforced Concrete Beams ( T Beam

KawanK.Ghafor
Design)

Design of Reinforced Concrete Beams ( Shear

KawanK.Ghafor
Design)

Design of Reinforced Concrete Continuous Beams

KawanK.Ghafor
andOneWaySlabs

10

Design of Reinforced Concrete Continuous Beams

KawanK.Ghafor
andOneWaySlabs

11

Design of Reinforced Concrete Two way Slabs

KawanK.Ghafor
approximatedmethod(CoefficientMethod)

12

Design of Reinforced Concrete Two way Slabs

KawanK.Ghafor
(DirectDesignMethod)DDM

13

Design of Reinforced Concrete Two way Slabs

KawanK.Ghafor
(DirectDesignMethod)DDM

14

Design of Reinforced Concrete Two way Slabs

KawanK.Ghafor
(DirectDesignMethod)DDM

15

Design of Reinforced Concrete Two way Slabs

KawanK.Ghafor
(DirectDesignMethod)DDM

16

Design of Reinforced Concrete Two way Slabs (Flat

KawanK.Ghafor
SlabsandFlatPlateSlabs)

17

Design of Reinforced Concrete Two way Slabs (Flat

KawanK.Ghafor
SlabsandFlatPlateSlabs)

18

Design of Reinforced Concrete Two way Slabs (Flat

KawanK.Ghafor
SlabsandFlatPlateSlabs)

19

Design of Reinforced Concrete Columns. Short

KawanK.Ghafor
Column(AxiallyLoadedColumn)

20

Design of Reinforced Concrete Columns. Short

KawanK.Ghafor
Column(AxiallyLoadedColumn)
4

21

Design of Reinforced Concrete Columns. Short

KawanK.Ghafor
Column(uniaxiallyLoadedColumn)

22

Design of Reinforced Concrete Columns. Short

KawanK.Ghafor
Column(biaxiallyLoadedColumn)

23

Design of Reinforced Concrete Columns. Slender

KawanK.Ghafor
Column

24

Design of Reinforced Concrete Columns. Slender

KawanK.Ghafor
Column

25

DesignofReinforcedConcreteStairways

KawanK.Ghafor

26

DesignofReinforcedConcreteStairways

KawanK.Ghafor

27

DesignofReinforcedConcreteBeams(Torsion)

KawanK.Ghafor

28

DesignofReinforcedConcreteBeams(Torsion)

KawanK.Ghafor

29

Design of Reinforced Concrete Single Column

KawanK.Ghafor
Footings

30

Design of Reinforced Concrete Single Column

KawanK.Ghafor
Footings

DetailsofsyllabusofReinforcedConcreteDesign3rd.Stage

Chapter1:IntroductionandDesignphilosophiesLecturer'sname:KawanK.
Ghafor

1.1

Introductiononthesubject.

1.2

MaterialProperties.

1.2.1 Cement
1.2.2 Sand
1.2.3 Gravel

1.2.4 ReinforcingSteel
1.2.5 Concrete
1.3

ConcreteProperties

1.3.1 Compressivestrength
1.3.2 Tensilestrength
1.3.3 Shearstrength
1.3.4 Shrinkageandcreep
1.4

DesignPhilosophy

1.4.1 WorkingStressDesign(WSD)
1.4.2 UltimateStrengthDesign(USD)

Chapter2:DesignofReinforcedConcreteBeamsLecturer'sname:KawanK.
Ghafor

2.1Introduction
2.2ActualBehaviorofreinforcedconcreterectangularbeams
2.3Equivalentbehaviorofreinforcedconcreterectangularbeams
2.4Designofsinglyreinforcedrectangularconcretebeams
2.4.1SolvingExamples
2.5Designofdoublyreinforcedrectangularconcretebeams
2.5.1SolvingExamples
2.6Designofreinforcedconcretebeams(Tbeams)
2.6.1SolvingExamples
2.7Designofreinforcedconcretebeams(ShearDesign)
2.7.1SolvingExamples
2.8Designofcontinuousbeamsandonewayslabs

2.8.1DepthlimitationsaccordingtoACIcode
2.8.2MomentcoefficientsprovidedbyACIcode
2.8.3SolvingExamples

Chapter3:DesignofReinforcedConcreteTwoWaySlab
Lecturer'sname:KawanK.Ghafor

3.1Typeofreinforcedconcreteslabs
3.2Designmethodology
3.2.1Approximate(CoefficientMethod)
3.2.2DetailedMethod(DirectDesignMethod)
3.3AnalysisofTwoWayreinforcedconcreteSlabsusingCoefficientMethod
3.3.1Analysisprocedure
3.3.2Determinationofslabthickness
3.3.3Designexamples
3.3.4Arrangementofreinforcement
3.4AnalysisofTwoWayreinforcedconcreteSlabsusingDirectDesignMethod
3.4.1Analysisprocedure
3.4.2Determinationofslabthickness
3.4.3Determinationofmomentsincolumnandmiddlestrips
3.4.4Designexamples
Chapter4:DesignofReinforcedConcreteFlatSlabs
Lecturer'sname:KawanK.Ghafor

4.1 Introduction
4.2 Advantagesanddisadvantagesofflatslabs
4.3 CheckingPunchingshearinflatplateandflatslabs

4.3.1 PunchingShearinFlatplateslab
4.3.1.1

Increasingslabthickness

4.3.1.2

Increasingcylindricalconcretecompressivestrength(f'c)

4.3.1.3

Addingreinforcement

4.3.1.3.1Bentbarmethod
4.3.1.3.2ShearHeadmethod
4.3.1.3.3Designexamples
4.3.2PunchingShearinFlatSlabs
4.3.2.1UsingDroppanel
4.3.2.2UsingcolumnCapitals
4.3.2.3Usingbothdropandcapitals
4.3.2.4Designexamples
4.4Analyzinganddesigningflatplateslabs
4.4.1DesignExamples
4.5Analyzinganddesigningflatslabs
4.5.1Designexamples

Chapter5:DesignofReinforcedConcreteColumns
Lecturer'sname:KawanK.Ghafor

5.1 Introduction
5.2 TypesandshapesofreinforcedconcreteColumns
5.2.1 ShortColumn
5.2.2 Slender(Long)Column
5.3 AnalysisanddesignofrectangularR.C.column(ShortColumn)
5.3.1 AxiallyLoadedColumn

5.3.2 UniaxiallyloadedColumn
5.3.3 Biaxiallyloadedcolumn
5.3.4 Designexamples
5.4 SlenderColumn
5.4.1 Definitionofslendercolumn
5.4.2 Analysisofslendercolumn
5.4.3 Designexamples

Chapter6:DesignofSelectedtopicsLecturer'sname:KawanK.Ghafor
6.1Analysisanddesignofreinforcedconcretebeams(Torsion)
6.1.1Introductiontotorsion
6.1.2Methodofanalysis
6.1.3Combinationofshearandtorsion
6.1.4Combinationofflexureandtorsion
6.1.5Designexamples
6.2AnalysisanddesignofStairways
6.2.1Introduction
6.2.2Analysisanddesignofsimplysupportedstairways
6.2.3Analysisanddesignoffixedstairways
6.2.4Designexamples

ObjectivesandScientificcontentsofchapters
Chapter1:IntroductionandDesignphilosophies
Lecturer'sname:KawanK.Ghafor

ChapterObjectives:
1. Tohaveanideaaboutmaterialusedinreinforcedconcreteandtheir
participationonpreparingthemostsuitablemix.
2. Tounderstandthestrongandweekpointsofconcretematerials
3. Tocomparebetweendesignphilosophies(Whichoneisapplicable)
ScientificContentoftheChapter:
Thischapterinvolvesingivingageneralideaofthephysicalpropertiesof
thematerialthatparticipatedinconcretemix,alsotounderstandtheproperty
of fresh and hardened concrete and their effects on design strength. In this
chapter the two available design philosophies (Working Stress Design and
Ultimate Strength Design) that used in design of any concrete structure were
presented also their advantages and disadvantages were clarified in order to
choosebetweenthem.
Chapterreferences:
1.ArthureH.Nelson,DavidDarwin,CharlesW.Dolan"DesignofConcrete
Structures"13th.Edition2004.
2.Internetsources.

Chapter2:DesignofReinforcedConcreteBeams
Lecturer'sname:KawanK.Ghafor

ChapterObjectives:
1. To understand the behavior of reinforced concrete beams under vertical
load.
2. ToteachthestudenthowtodesignreinforcedconcreterectangularandT
beamsforbothflexureandshearandcomparingtheresultswithACICode
limitations.

10

3. Simplifyingthedesignprocessbyusingseveraldesignproceduresinorderto
identifythebehaviorofeachbeamalone.
ScientificContentoftheChapter:
Thischapterdealswithanalyzinganddesigningreinforcedconcretebeams
using Ultimate strength design (USD) methods also taking into account the
latestACICodeprovisions.
Chapterreferences:
1. JackC.McCormacandJamesK.Nelson"DesignofReinforcedConcrete"7th.
Edition,2006.
2. Victor E. Saouma "Lecture notes in Mechanics and Design of Reinforced
Concrete"UniversityofColorado,USA.Fall2002.
3. ACI Committee "Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI
31808)andcommentary"StructuralBuildingCode.January2008.

Chapter3:DesignofReinforcedConcreteTwowayslabs
Lecturer'sname:KawanK.Ghafor

ChapterObjectives:
1. Tounderstandthebehavioroftwowayreinforcedconcreteslabsinframed
structures.
2. To teach the student how to design reinforced concrete slabs using both
approximate (coefficient method) and accurate (Direct design method)
takingintoaccountACICodeprovisions.
3. Toteachthestudentthemethodofarrangingreinforcementintheslab.
ScientificContentoftheChapter:
This chapter deals with analyzing and designing reinforced concrete two
wayslabsusingbothapproximateandaccuratemethods,takingintoaccount
the effect of factored dead and live loads, also using the latest ACICode
provisions.
Chapterreferences:

11

1. JackC.McCormacandJamesK.Nelson"DesignofReinforcedConcrete"7th.
Edition,2006.
2. Victor E. Saouma "Lecture notes in Mechanics and Design of Reinforced
Concrete"UniversityofColorado,USA.Fall2002.
3. ACI Committee "Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI
31808)andcommentary"StructuralBuildingCode.January2008.

Chapter4:DesignofReinforcedConcreteFlatslabs
Lecturer'sname:KawanK.Ghafor

ChapterObjectives:
1. Toidentifyflatslabsandflatplateslabs.
2. To teach the student check for punching shear for both flat slabs and flat
plate slabs, and the methods of eliminating punching shear effect by
increasing slab thickness or adding reinforcing bars for flat plate slabs and
addingdroppanelandcapitalsforflatslabs.
3. To teach the student how to design reinforced concrete flat slabs and flat
plateslabs.
ScientificContentoftheChapter:
This chapter deals with analyzing and designing reinforced concrete flat
slabs with or without drop panels by using direct design method, taking in to
account the effect of factored dead and live loads, also using the latest ACI
Codeprovisions.
Chapterreferences:
1. JackC.McCormacandJamesK.Nelson"DesignofReinforcedConcrete"7th.
Edition,2006.
2. Victor E. Saouma "Lecture notes in Mechanics and Design of Reinforced
Concrete"UniversityofColorado,USA.Fall2002.
3. ACI Committee "Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI
31808)andcommentary"StructuralBuildingCode.January2008.

12

Chapter5:DesignofReinforcedConcreteColumns
Lecturer'sname:KawanK.Ghafor

ChapterObjectives:
1. Toidentifytypesofcolumn(ShortorLong)Column.
2. Toteachthestudenthowtodesignshortcolumnwithaxiallyoruniaxially
orbiaxiallyloaded.
3. To check the slenderness ration of long column in order to analyze it
properly.
ScientificContentoftheChapter:
This chapter deals with analyzing and designing reinforced concrete
column under several loading conditions in accordance with ACICode
provisions.
Chapterreferences:
1. JackC.McCormacandJamesK.Nelson"DesignofReinforcedConcrete"7th.
Edition,2006.
2. Victor E. Saouma "Lecture notes in Mechanics and Design of Reinforced
Concrete"UniversityofColorado,USA.Fall2002.
3. ACI Committee "Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI
31808)andcommentary"StructuralBuildingCode.January2008.

Chapter6:DesignofSelectedTopics
Lecturer'sname:KawanK.Ghafor

ChapterObjectives:
1. To design reinforced concrete beams for combination of shear and torsion
alsocombinationofflexureandtorsion.
2. Toteachthestudenthowtodesignstairways
3. To explain the formation of internal hinges in stair ways and it's effect on
analysisprocedure.
ScientificContentoftheChapter:

13

This chapter contains two parts: the first part deals with analyzing and
designing reinforced concrete beams considering tensional effects. While the
second part involves in analyzing and designing of reinforced concrete stair
waysofdifferentsupportreactions.
Chapterreferences:
1. JackC.McCormacandJamesK.Nelson"DesignofReinforcedConcrete"7th.
Edition,2006.
2. Victor E. Saouma "Lecture notes in Mechanics and Design of Reinforced
Concrete"UniversityofColorado,USA.Fall2002.
3.ACICommittee"BuildingCodeRequirementsforStructuralConcrete(ACI
31808)andcommentary"StructuralBuildingCode.January2008.

14

SampleofExaminationsandtheiranswers
Q1/Forthecontinuousbeamshowninfigure(1).Checkthesafetyofthebeamin
ordertocarrythefollowingloadings:
ServiceD.L.=2000kg/m(Includingitsownweight).
ServiceL.L.=1500kg/m
MaterialProperties:
fc'=21Mpa:fy=345Mpa:ClearCover=50mm.
MomentatSupportstobeassumed=Wu*l2/11
MomentatMidSpantobeassumed=Wu*l2/16(50Marks)

Solution:
Wuli=1.4DL+1.7LL=5350kg/m
M=Wu*l2/11=21186kg.m
+M=Wu*l2/16=14565.375kg.m
AtSupport
As=216+325As=1870mm2
=As/bd=1870/400x577.5
act.=0.0081
min.=0.004andmax.=0.02094
Sincemin<act<max.So,tensilefailureisguarantee

15

M=Asfy(da/2)and
a=Asfy/0.85f'cb=1870x345/0.85x21x400=90.36mm
M=0.90x1870x345x(577.590.36/2)
M=30908kg.mResistingMomentatsupports
AtMidSpan
As=516As=1000mm2
=As/bd=1000/400x577.5
act.=0.00429
min.=0.004andmax.=0.02094
Sincemin<act<max.So,tensilefailureisguarantee
M=Asfy(da/2)and
a=Asfy/0.85f'cb=1000x345/0.85x21x400=48.32mm
M=0.90x1000x345x(577.548.32/2)
M=17181kg.mResistingMomentatsupports
CheckforShear
AppliedShear=Vu=WuxL/2=17655kg
Vd=VuWuxd=14568kg
Vc=x0.17xf'cxbxd=15296kg
SinceVc>VdMin.webreinforcementrequired
=60mm
Smax=Leastofd/2=289mm
3Avfy/b=406mm
Smax=289mm<Savaible(200mm)
So,fromtheabovecalculationwegetthatthebeamisO.K.

16

Q2/DesignthetwospanSlabshowninfigure(2),usingthefollowingdata:
fc'=21Mpa.:fy=345Mpa.:ClearCover=20mm
DeadLoadPlacedontheSlab=400Kg/m2
LiveLoadactingontheSlab=500Kg/m2
Use(12mmbarDiameter)forreinforcement
UseACIMomentCoefficients.(30Marks)

Solution:
DeterminationofSlabthickness(t)
t=L/24(Oneendcontinuous)
t=3.85x100/24=16cm
WeightofSlab=0.16x2400=384kg/m2
Wult.=1.4DL+1.7LL=1947.6kg/m2
UsingACImomentcoefficient
ExteriorSupportM=1/24Wult.Ln2=1202.84kg.m
MidSpan+M=1/14Wult.Ln2=2062.02kg.m
InteriorSupportM=1/9Wult.Ln2=3207.5kg.m
Checkingtheslabthicknessdependingonthemaximummoment
Mmax.=3207.5kg.m
Letact.=max.=0.02094
M=xbxd2xfy(10.59xfy/f'c)
dreq=78.67mm<davailable=134mm

17

ThedepthisO.K.
Determinationofreinforcement:
ExteriorSupportM==1202.84kg.mAsreq.=320mm2
MidSpan+M==2062.02kg.mAsreq.=550mm2
InteriorSupportM==3207.5kg.mAsreq.=856mm2

Q3/AFindouttheultimateload(Wulti.)forthebeamselectedinfigure(3),using
thefollowingdata:
DeadLoadPlacedontheSlab=750Kg/m2(Includingitsownweight.)
LiveLoadactingontheSlab=400Kg/m2
Ignorebeamselfweight.(10Marks)

Solution:
TheSystemisonewayslab,So
Areafactor=Area/Lengthofthebeam
=2x9/9=2m
Wulti.=1.4x(2x750)+1.7x(2x400)
Wulti.=3460kg/m

BWhy,insinglyreinforcedconcretebeams,thereinforcementratio()mustbe
withinthefollowinglimit?
min.act.max.(10Marks)

min.act.Topreventcracksduetotemperatureandshrinkage.
act.maxTopreventcompressionfailure.

18

StudentsFeedbackontheCourse
Course:
Department:

Date:
College:

Year:
University:

lecturer:

No. EvaluationQuestions

Level(15) MoreRemarks
Objectiveones

3
4
5

7
8

9
10

Theobjectivesandkeymessagesof
thecoursewereclear?
Thecontentsofthesubjectwere
usefulandrelevanttothemain
goalofthedepartment?
Thelecturerhadworkedhardto
preparethecoursebook?
Thelecturerhadworkedhardto
cooperateandpreparethecourse?
Thelecturersingeneralwere
carefullyselectedandwereexpert
intheirfields?
Thelecturergivesgoodattention
tothestudentscriticismsand
claims?
Informationontheexamination
processwaswellprovided?
Thequestionsoftheexamwere
relatedtothecontentsofthe
course?
Totalofthelevels
Examplesofchangesfor
developingthecourse:

12NotGood

EvaluationMeasuringTool
23Average 34Good
45VeryGood

19

StudentsFeedbackfortheSubject
TitleofSubject:
Course:
Department:

Date:
College:

Year:
University:

lecturer:

No. EvaluationQuestions

Level(15) MoreRemarksObjective
ones

3
4

7
8

10

Theobjectivesandkey
messagesofthesubjectwere
clear?
Thecontentsofthesubject
wereusefulandrelevantto
themaingoalofthecourse?
Thematerialswereprepared
carefullyasneeded
Thelecturerwhilelecturing
triedtoanalyzetheprinciples,
contentsandtheimportant
pointsofthesubjectsimply
andproperly?
Thelecturercameintothe
classroomontimeandwas
committedtothedurationof
thelecture?
Thelecturersbehavedcalmly
andrespectfullyduringthe
lecture?
Theslidesusedinthelecture
wereclearandattractive?
Thelecturergavethestudents
chancetoaskquestionsand
triedtoanswerthemfully?
Thereadingsourcesarenew
andcompatiblewiththe
subject.
Totalofthelevels

12NotGood

EvaluationMeasuringTool
23Average 34Good
45VeryGood

20

UniversityofSulaimanyCollegeofEngineeringBuildingConstructionDept.
3rd.Year(0607)ConcreteDesignMr.KawanK.Ghafor
FirstExam20th.Jan.2007Period:90Minutes
Q1/Forthecontinuousbeamshowninfigure(1).Checkthesafetyofthebeaminordertocarry
thefollowingloadings:
ServiceD.L.=2000kg/m2(Includingitsownweight).
ServiceL.L.=1500kg/m2
MaterialProperties:
fc'=21Mpa.fy=345Mpa.
MomentatSupportstobeassumed=Wu*l2/11
MomentatMidSpantobeassumed=Wu*l2/16
ClearCover=50mm.(50Marks)

Q2/DesignthetwospanSlabshowninfigure(2),usingthefollowingdata:
fc'=21Mpa.fy=345Mpa.
DeadLoadPlacedontheSlab=400Kg/m2
LiveLoadactingontheSlab=500Kg/m2
ClearCover=20mm
Use(12mmbarDiameter)forreinforcement
UseACIMomentCoefficients.(30Marks)

Q3/AFindouttheultimateload(Wulti.)forthebeamselectedinfigure(3),usingthefollowing
data:
DeadLoadPlacedontheSlab=750Kg/m2(Includingitsownweight.)
LiveLoadactingontheSlab=400Kg/m2

Ignorebeamselfweight.(10Marks)
BWhy,insinglyreinforcedconcretebeams,thereinforcementratio()mustbewithinthe
followinglimit?
min.act.max.(10Marks)
Assume any missing data using reasonable values

21

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