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System Overview
Overview
Operation
&
Monitoring
Unit Control
Group Control
Sub-group / Individual control
Measurement system
CC
Central / Remote I/O / Intelligent
field devices
System Overview
System Overview
It is recommended to observe in addition the Each CC is equipped with fast access memory
following rules and guidelines in order to provide for storing system and simulation events. The
for a low-inductive functional compensation engineering and configuration files are also
and a sufficient internal and external lightning available here in addition to their being stored in
protection: the engineering station.
IEC 1024, Section 1 Internal and external Signal Conditioning and Calculation
lighting protection
The following functions are available :
DIN/VDE 0185, Building lighting
Section 100 protection • Acquisition, distribution and output of analog
signals
DIN/VDE 0800 Functional potential
compensation • Acquisition of thermocouple and resistance
transmitters for temperature measurement
• Acquisition, distribution and output of binary
SoftAS ‒ Automation System signals
• Binary signal conditioning and processing
The SoftAS uses the latest Siemens hardware with • Analog signal conditioning and processing
very fast processors. The Central Controllers (CCs)
are based on 32 bit high performance processors,
• Monitoring of input signals for permissible
range limits
upgradable to 64 bit.
• Integrated Sequence of Events with 1ms
resolution
Typical calculations possible are:
• Mass flow calculations
• Volume flow calculations
• Level calculations
The smallest processing unit in the CC is called PLU • Limit formation
(Process Logic Unit), which handles the control, data • Generation of curves
transfer and protection routines. Multiple PLUs run • Linearization of characteristics
parallel and synchronously in the CC distributing the • Boolean logics
control tasks amongst themselves, resulting in fast
processing cycles (typically 50ms). Faster cycle times Closed Loop Control
are available for specific applications. For even faster One of the primary and important functionality is
cycle times, intelligent and dedicated front-end closed loop control. Standard control algorithms
processing units are available which can be directly are provided to implement
connected to the PROFIBUS.
• Closed loop step controller
Each CC has in-built fault detection, which • Closed loop continuous controller
performs regular self-check routines, and
annunciates problems on the diagnostic tool. Also These algorithms are available as function blocks
a complete history of the problems, prior to any and can be configured as P, PI, PD or PID controller.
fault or failure, is logged in a file. The user can also configure additional control logics.
System Overview
System Overview
Xd Y
Unit coordination control including load
Set point
Deviation
Controller
Manipulated
Process prediction
Variable
The unit coordination control is provided with
sufficient fuzziness and supplemented by the
Feedback prediction of the load reserves. Its application is
primarily useful for power plant automation.
Predictive control
In plant process control, the controlled variables The unit can be controlled in coordinated control
are often very slow in reacting to the control mode. The unit demand is transferred to turbine
element changes. To provide stable primary and control system as set point for electric load
secondary control, the principal factors affecting generation. The same set point is used as feed
the process are measured and along with the set forward signal to the boiler firing rate control. A
point, are used in computing the correct output to correcting signal is added to or subtracted from the
meet current process conditions. In this manner, feed forward signal to maintain steam pressure at its
whenever a disturbance occurs, corrective action set point. On frequency related load variations, the
starts immediately, to nullify the disturbance set point is modified only if the frequency deviation
before it affects the controlled variable. is more than the recommended limits. Provisions for
plant runback/run up depending on unit capability
Fuzzy logic control are also present. This results in a simple & stable
Fuzzy logic is required when conventional control control system. Primary controllability is ensured
does not provide satisfactory results, process by model based steam generator control (control
measurements are not directly possible and all the variable: thermal output) and turbine control
process facts can not be reduced to values 0 and 1 (control variable: throttle pressure set point).
as required by any system.
Unit Unit Turbine Load
dx demand setpoint setpoint
dt
Xd Fuzzy Y
Set point Process Limits
Deviation logic PID Manipulated
Boiler Load
Variable Unit setpoint
capability
Feedback
Unit coordination control
System Overview
is much better as compared to the conventional industry software and standards such as Ethernet,
controllers as it reacts faster to the disturbances TCP/IP, OSF Motif, OPC connectivity,
located at the beginning of the process. web-enabling and multiple gateways.
A number of first order delay elements are set up SoftOM enables both client server architecture as
and their outputs are connected to the controller well as direct HMI connectivity to the system bus.
as intermediate variables of the process. These The trend-setting features of SoftOM symbolize an
intermediate output variables are compared to the important step in the long line of I&C innovations
process output variable. from Siemens.
SoftOM incorporates customer’s requirements,
State namely ‒ ergonomical displays, operator comfort,
feedback
controller open communication and scalable level of redun-
Xd
Deviation
Y
Set point Controller Process
Manipulated
Variable
Feedback
System Overview
ensure highest degrees of safety and availability. The transmission of the process data is cyclic,
while alarms and diagnostic data are transmitted
The SoftTurbo provides flexibility to choose the
acyclically. Parallel redundant PROFIBUS provides
configuration and the extent of redundancy in the
a fault tolerant system with high reliability and
most cost effective manner.
availability. PROFIBUS provides several other benefits
such as scalability, ease of expansion, reduced capital,
SoftFS - Fail Safe System simple engineering, practically no maintenance, low
operating costs and DDL support for multi vendors.
SoftFS is a unique Triple Modular Redundent (TMR)
System. It is designed to provide independent
and physical 3 channel redundancy not only at
all levels but for the hardware and software as
well. The main applications of SoftFS automation
system are to be found in power plant control, e.g.
burner control for steam boilers, including boiler
protection, equipment protection and process
automation with simultaneous demands of high
safety and high availability.
Bus system
The SoftBuzz communication system consists of
the following in a fully integrated network, which PROFIBUS Process Field Bus
provides high-speed deterministic responses under SoftAS incorporates a fault tolerant data acquisition
even the most severe conditions: system. In case of failure of the communication
• PROFIBUS module of a slave or the communication processor
card, the field data is not lost. Data acquisition
• System bus
by polling method on a continuous basis leads to
• Terminal bus high throughput. There is a dedicated acquisition
PROFIBUS module for each bus, which makes the acquisition
system very fast. Diagnostic information is also
Universally accepted Process Field Bus (PROFIBUS), available, which simplifies troubleshooting.
technology is used for field communication. The essential characteristics of the PROFIBUS are :
Other field bus systems can be offered optionally.
PROFIBUS offers an extensive range of components Speed : upto 12Mbps
for electrical and optical transmission with speed Protocol : DP (Distributed Periphery)
up to 12Mbps. With PROFIBUS, it is possible to Redundancy : Available
exchange data between devices from different Changeover : Since the PROFIBUS is parallel
vendors without special interface adapters. Online redundant, the data is acquired in both the
pluggable remote or local I/O stations acting as Central Controllers through the PROFIBUS via the
PROFIBUS slaves are used for interfacing with interface modules. In case one bus or interface
the field via redundant interface modules. These module becomes faulty, the other interface module
interface modules are in master standby mode. The connected to the other PROFIBUS takes over the
modules themselves decide the mastership role. master role.
System Overview
System Overview
logics. It also integrates the entire hardware engi- It is designed on hierarchical fault guidance prin-
neering of the I&C system. ciples enabling the user to locate the actual cause
GUES+ is a multi-user window-based engineering of fault in very short time. Different levels of access
and commissioning tool. It provides a comprehen- authorization are provided for security. User and
sive technology environment right from project supervisor logins are separate for control of critical
planning to the commissioning of the plant and operations.
thereafter.
GUES+ offers extremely easy and flexible engineer-
ing through interactive GUI based graphics editor.
It includes features such as generating graphical
assembly of logic using standard and predefined set
of symbols, resource management, signal exchange
and automatic generation of software code.
GUES+ automatically generates reports such as cable
schedules, loop diagrams, termination plans etc.
once hardware connection drawings are built in
it. By using simple and standard guidelines GUES+
ensures huge reductions in engineering times and
perfection in quality documentation and commis- DAD ‒ PLU Status Display
sioning. GUES+ can be used online such that modi- The user can view process values, real time trends,
fications can be done at any stage with automatic logic and wiring diagrams, system status, field
and simultaneous updation of documentation. status etc. Manual simulation of process variables
and operation is also possible. The user can also do
system administration functions like PLU termina-
DAD ‒ Debugging and Diagnostic System tion, PLU activation, viewing of system log file and
User friendly, menu driven DAD system is available LAN status using this tool.
for diagnostic purposes. It provides both local as
well as remote access.
Field Interface Module ‒ FIM
These are interface units used for interfacing the field
signals with Input/Output modules of the Control
System. Each unit has a multi-channel, compact
design and is dedicated to each I/O module. FIMs
are suitable for universal mounting on DIN rails.
Applications include:
• Providing protection against field faults.
• Fast traceability of field faults through LED
indications.
• Independent power supplies for Field and I/O
modules.
DAD ‒ Debugging and Diagnostic System • Elimination of pin-to-pin wiring and to a
System Overview
optical isolation.
• Multiplication of field signals to achieve dual or 1 Non redundant system
triple redundancy.
Example 2 : It is the configuration in which PROFI-
• Conversion of non-standard temperature signals BUS is redundant.
to industry standard 4-20mA signals.
• Capability to withstand surges up to 2KV.
Redundancy
System Overview
HMI HMI
Terminal Bus
OM Server OM Server
Terminal Bus
System Bus
OM Server
System Bus
4 Fully redundant
HMI HMI
I/O redundancy
Terminal Bus
OM Server
System Bus
System Overview
System Overview