Calculations

Schlumberger Private

Primary
and Remedial
Primary
and Remedial
Calculations

Cementing Calculations
We want to calculate:

Initials

Slurry Volumes
Sacks of cement required
Displacement Volume
Estimated Job time
Correct Plug bumping Pressure

Important Rule
Cement slurries should always have density specified by API.
Density can only be changed by using the appropriate additive.
If water/solids ratio is not correct, may get :

High viscosity / unpumpable slurry.

Excessive free water.

If the cement composition and one of the properties are known, other two
properties can be calculated
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9/8/2006

Slurry Yield
When water is added to dry cement the resulting
Slurry normally has more volume than the original
Sack of 94lbs based on a material balance calculation.
1 sack of cement = 94lbs = 1 cubic foot
Dry Cement absolute volume = 0.0382 gal/lb
1 sack of cement = 3.59 gal
Class G cement slurry @ 15.8 ppg (1.9 SG) uses 44% mix water or 4.97 gal/sx
7.48 gallons = 1 cubic foot
4

Initials

Bulk and Absolute Volumes

Bulk Volume : The volume occupied by a certain weight of dry material
including void spaces between solid particles.

CEMENT

1 Sack = 1 cubic foot (cu.ft) = 94 pounds

Absolute Volume : The volume occupied by the same weight of material,

less the void spaces between particles.

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Bulk and Absolute Volumes

Cement
1 drum = 1 cu.ft = 7.48 gal

Absolute Volume of Cement:

7.48 gal 3.89 gal = 3.59 gal

Air in pore spaces will

be displaced by water

Water

A
3.89 gal

Initials

Slurry Yield
Definition :
The volume of slurry produced when 1 sack of dry cement
(and additives) are mixed with water
Unit:

cubic foot/sack

(cu.ft/sk)

Class G API mix

1 Sack
1 cu.ft

4.97 Gal
0.66 cu.ft

CEMENT + AIR

WATER

1.15
cu.ft

Slurry Yield = 1.15 cu.ft / sk

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9/8/2006

SLURRY

Mix Water Requirement

Definition :

The amount of water needed to hydrate 1 sack of dry cement

(and additives) to create a pumpable liquid

Unit:

gal/sack
Class G API mix
1 Sack
1 cu.ft

CEMENT + AIR

4.97 Gal
0.66 cu.ft

WATER

1.15
cu.ft

Water Required = 4.97 gps

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SLURRY

Slurry Density
Definition :

The weight of 1 gal of slurry

Unit:

lb/gal
Class G API mix
1 Sack
1 cu.ft

CEMENT + AIR

4.97 Gal
0.66 cu.ft

WATER

1.15
cu.ft

SLURRY

1 gal of slurry will weight 15.8 pounds

Slurry Density = 15.80 ppg

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9/8/2006

Calculations - Example 1
All calculations based on one sack of cement
Note: Absolute volumes from Field Data Handbook, Page:700.005
Example: Class G cement mixed by API specifications

Material Weight (lb) * Absolute Volume (gal/lb) = Volume (gal)

Class G

94

0.0382

= 3.59

H20 (44%) 41.36

1/8.33

= 4.97

Total

135.36

1. Density =

135.36 lb/sk
8.56 gal/sk

= 8.56
= 15.81 lb/gal 2. Yield =

8.56 gal/sk
7.48 gal/cu.ft

3. Water required = 4.97 gal/sk (from the table)

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9/8/2006

= 1.144 cu.ft/sk

Calculations - Example 2
Class G, mix @ 15.5 ppg
Material Weight (lb) * Absolute Volume (gal/lb) = Volume (gal)
Class G
H20
Total

94
8.33X

0.0382

= 3.59

1/8.33

=X

94 + 8.33X *

Density = 15.5 ppg =

94 + 8.33X

X = Water required = 5.35 gal/sk

3.59 + X
Yield =

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9/8/2006

= 3.59 + X

3.59 + 5.35
7.48

= 1.195 cu.ft/sk

Calculations - Example 3
Class G, mix with 5.05 gps of water requirement
Material Weight (lb) * Absolute Volume (gal/lb) = Volume (gal)
Class G

94

0.0382

= 3.59

H20

42.07

1/8.33

= 5.05

Total

136.07

Density =

136.07
8.64

= 15.75 gal/sk

= 8.64

Yield =

8.64
7.48

Water required = 5.05 gal/sk (from the table)

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9/8/2006

= 1.16 cu.ft/sk

Calculations - Example 4
Class G, Given slurry yield 1.06 cu.ft/sk
Material Weight (lb) * Absolute Volume (gal/lb) = Volume (gal)
Class G
H20
Total

94
8.33X

0.0382

= 3.59

1/8.33

=X

94 + 8.33X *

Yield = 1.06 cu.ft/sk =

3.59 + X

Density =
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9/8/2006

= 3.59 + X

7.48

X = Water required = 4.34 gal/sk

94 + 8.33 * 4.34
3.59 + 4.34

= 16.41 ppg

Calculations - Example 5
Class H, 3% S001. Mix by API
Material Weight (lb) * Absolute Volume (gal/lb) = Volume (gal)
Class H

0.0382

= 3.59

2.82

0.0687

= 0.194

H20

94 (0.38)

1/8.33

= 4.288

Total

132.54

S 001

Density =

94

= 8.072

132.54
8.072

= 16.42 ppg

Yield =

Water required = 4.288 gal/sk

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9/8/2006

8.072
7.48

= 1.079 cu.ft/sk

Additives Requiring Additional Water

D020, Bentonite

5.3% (BWOC) additional water for each 1% D20 added.

D024, Gilsonite

1 gal additional water for each 25 lb D24 added.

D030, Silica Sand

0.286% (BWOC) additional water for each 1 % D30 added;

therefore 10% for 35% D30.

D031, Barite

0.024 gal additional water for each 1 lb D31 added.

D042, Kolite

1 gal additional water for each 25 lb D42 added.

D066, Silica Flour

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9/8/2006

0.343% (BWOC) additional water for each 1 % D66 added;

therefore 12% for 35% D66.

Calculations - Example 6
Class A, D020 2% BWOC. Mix by API
Material Weight (lb)

* Abs. Volume (gal/lb) = Volume (gal)

Class A

0.0382

= 3.59

0.0454

= 0.085

H20

94[0.46+2(0.053)] *

1/8.33

= 6.384

Total

149.08

D 020

Density =

94
1.88

149.08
10.059

= 10.059

= 14.82 ppg

Yield =

Water required = 6.384 gal/sk

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9/8/2006

10.059
7.48

= 1.345 cu.ft/sk

Calculations - Example 7
Class G, D042 - 12.5 lb/sk, D020 4% BWOC. Mix @ 13.8 ppg
Material Weight (lb)

* Abs. Volume (gal/lb) = Volume (gal)

Class G

94

0.0382

= 3.59

D 042

12.5

0.0925

= 1.156

3.76

0.0454

= 0.171

H20

8.33X

1/8.33

= X

Total

110.26 + 8.33X

D 020

Density = 13.8 ppg =

110.26 + 8.33X
4.917 + X
Yield =

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9/8/2006

= 4.917 + x

X = Water required = 7.75 gal/sk

4.917 + 7.75
7.48

= 1.69 cu.ft/sk

Calculations - Example 8
Class H, D020 2% BWOC (Pre-hydrated). D030 35% BWOC. Mix by
API
Material Weight (lb)

Abs. Volume (gal/lb)

Class H

0.0382

= 3.59

0.0454

= 0.0854

0.0456

= 1.5002

1/8.33

= 10.2012

D 020
D 030

94
1.88
32.9

H20

94[0.38+8(0.053)+0.1]

Total

213.756

Density =

= 15.3768

213.756
15.3768

= 13.90 ppg

Yield =

Water required = 10.20 gal/sk

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9/8/2006

= Volume (gal)

15.3768
7.48

= 2.056 cu.ft/sk

Calculations - Example 9
Class H, D600 2.0 gps. D080 0.3 gps. D801 0.2gps. Mix @ 16.5
ppg
Material Weight (lb)

* Abs. Volume (gal/lb) = Volume (gal)

Class H

94

0.0382

= 3.59

D 600

17.09

0.117

= 2

D 080

3.08

0.0973

= 0.3

D 801

0.1

= 0.2

H20

8.33X

1/8.33

Total

116.17 +8.33X

Density = 16.5 ppg =

= 6.09 + X

116.17 + 8.33X
6.09 + X
Yield =

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9/8/2006

=X

6.09 + 1.92
7.48

X = Water required = 1.92 gal/sk

= 1.071 cu.ft/sk

Slurry Volume Calculations (1)

A well requires the 9 inch
47ppf casing at 8500 feet
cemented to surface with neat
Class G cement. Previous casing
is 13 inch 68ppf set at 5000
feet. There are two joints of
casing between the Float Collar
and Float Shoe and the open
hole requires an excess of
21.4%. Bit size is 12 inch.
20 Initials

Draw a diagram

Csg/Csg
Annulus
Displacement
Volume

13
inch 68ppf

5000 ft
OH/Csg
Annulus

9
inch 47ppf

Shoetrack

8500 ft

Slurry Volume Calculations (1)

Vol 1 (Csg/Csg Ann)
5000 x 0.3354 =

1677 ft3

Vol 2 (OH/Csg Ann)

(8500 5000) x 0.3131 x 1.214 =

1330.4 ft3

Vol 3 (Shoetrack)
80 x 0.4110 =

32.9

Total Volume
3040 ft3

ft3

Vol 4 (Displ Vol)

(8500 80) x 0.0732 =

616.3 bbls

Vol 5 (Sacks cement)

21 Initials

3040 1.144 =

2657 sx

22 Initials

Slurry Volume Calculations (2 & 3)

(2)

A well requires the 7 inch

23ppf liner cemented at
12,200 feet with an overlap
inside the 9 inch 47ppf of
150m using Class G cement +
35% Silica Flour at 16.55ppg.
Previous casing is set at
10,500 feet. There are two
joints of casing between the
Float Collar and Float Shoe
and the open hole requires
an excess of 10%. Bit size is
8 inch. Running tool to be
used is 5 DP, 19.5 ppf.

23 Initials

well requires the 20 inch 94ppf

(3) Acasing
cemented at 1500 feet
using an inner cement stinger
made up from 5 inch 19.5ppf DP.
The previous casing was a 30
inch, 1 inch wall conductor
which was driven to 300 feet.
There is no float collar only a
float shoe and the hole seems
large so a guestimate at volumes
to bring the cement to surface is
150% on OH size. Slurry is Neat
Class G.

Slurry Volume Calculations (2)

Vol 1 (Csg/Csg Ann)

70.7 ft3

Vol 2 (OH/Csg Ann)

237.1 ft3

Vol 3 (Shoetrack)

17.7 ft3
Total Volume
326.1 ft3

Vol 4 (Displ Vol)

69.73 +177

= 260.9 bbls

Vol 5 (Sacks cement)

24 Initials

326.1 1.38 =

236 sx

Homework
Calculate: Slurry Volumes, Cement Volumes,
Mix Water, Additives, Displacement
Job Time, Surface Pressure @ end of job
Well Data: 9 5/8 53.5 lb/ft casing, shoe at 9800,
collar at 9760, OH 12.25 + 25% excess,
previous casing 13 3/8 68 lb/ft at 2900
Mud 10ppg
Slurries: Lead: 5 bpm 9300 - surface
Class G @ 12.8 ppg
12% BWOC Bentonite
0.3% BWOC D13
12.15 gps H20
Yield: 2.165 cu.ft/sk

25 Initials

Tail: 3 bpm 9800 - 9300

Class G Neat @ 15.8 ppg
0.05% BWOC D28
0.5% BWOC D65
4.97 gps H20
Yield: 1.15 cu.ft/sk
Displacement: 8 bpm

13 3/8" , 68 lbs/ft

2900'
9 5/8", 53.5 lbs/ft

9300'

3
4

12 1/4" OH
9760'

3
9800'

Solution - Homework

Capacities

CAS/CAS

: 0.3354 cuft/ft

CAS OH

: 0.3132 cuft/ft

CAS

: 0.3973 cuft/ft , 0.0708 bbl/ft

1. Volumes
Lead
(1) 2900ft x 0.3354 cuft/ft
(2) 9300ft - 2900ft x 0.3132

= 972.7 cuft
= 2004 cuft

Excess = 2004 cuft x 0.25 =

501 cuft

Total = 3477 cuft

Tail
(3) 9800ft - 9300ft x 0.3132 cuft/ft = 156.cuft
(4) 40ft x 0.3973 cuft/ft
= 15.9 cuft
Excess 156.6 cuft x 0.25

Total = 211.7 cuft

z 2. Yield
Handbook
26 Initials

700.013
700.006

= 39.2 cuft

2.165 cuft/sk (lead)

1.15 cuft/sk (tail)

Solution - Example 1
3. Cement
Lead :
Tail :

3477 cuft
2.165 cuft/sk
211.7 cuft
1.15 cuft/sk

= 1606 sacks
= 184 sacks

4. Mix Fluid
Lead :
Tail :
27 Initials

1606sk x 12.15 gals/sk = 464.5 bbls

42 gal/bbl
184sk x 4.97 gals/sk = 21.8 bbls
42 gal/bbl

Solution - Example 1
5. Additives
Lead : D20 : 1606sk x 94lbs/sk x 0.12 =18116 lbs
D13 : 1606sk x 94lbs/sk x 0.003=
453 lbs
Tail : D28 : 184sk x 94lbs/sk x 0.0005 = 8.6 lbs
D65 : 184sk x 94lbs/sk x 0.005 = 86 lbs

28 Initials

Solution - Example 1
6. Displacement
9760ft x 0.0708 bbl/ft = 691 bbls

7. Job Thickening Time

Lead :

3477 cuft

= 124 min

5.6146 cuft/bbl x 5 bpm

Tail :

211.7 cuft

= 13 min

5.6146 cuft/bbl x 3 bpm

Displacement:

691 bbls

= 86 min

8 bpm
Drop Plugs
Safety

= 10 min
= 120
= 353 min

Minimum TT for LS
Minimum TT for TS
29 Initials

is
is

5 hrs 53 min
3 hrs 49 min