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AP Chem
Acids/Bases Worksheet Packet
WS#1: Nature of Acids/Bases
1. Write balanced equations that describe the following reactions.
a.
c.
the dissociation of perchloric acid in water
the dissociation of ammonium ion in water
b.
the dissociation of propanoic acid
(CH2CH2CO2H) in water
2. For each of the following aqueous reactions, identify the acid, the base, the conjugate base, and the conjugate acid.
a.
c.
HF + H2 F- + H3O+
HSO4- + H2O SO42- + H3O+
b.
+
H2SO4 + H2O H3O + HSO4
3. Classify each of the following as a strong acid (SA) or weak acid (WA).
a.
c.
HClO4 (aq)
H2SO4 (aq)
b.
d.
HOCl (aq)
H2SO3 (aq)
4. Use table in notes to order the following from the strongest to the weakest acid. H2O, HNO3, HOCl, NH4+
5. Use table in notes to order the following from the strongest to the weakest base. H 2O, NO3-, OCl-, NH3
6. You may need the table in your notes to answer the following questions.
a.
d.
Which is the stronger acid, HCl or H2O?
Which is the stronger base, Cl- or H2O?
b.
e.
Which is the stronger acid, H2O or HNO2?
Which is the stronger base, H2O or NO2-?
c.
f.
Which is the stronger acid, HCN or
Which is the stronger base, CN- or OC6H5?
HOC6H5?
WS#2: Autoionization of Water and the pH Scale
7. Calculate the [OH-] or [H+] of each of the following solutions at 25oC. Identify each solution as neutral, acidic, or basic.
a.
[H+] = 1.0x10-7M
e. [H+] = 1.9x10-11M
b.
+
-4
[H ] = 6.7x10 M
f. [H+] = 2.3M
c.
[OH ] = 3.6M
g. [OH-] = 2.2x10-3M
d.
-9
[OH ] = 9.7x10 M
h. [OH-] = 1.0x10-7M
8. Values of K as a function of temperature are as follows:
Temperature (oC)
Kw
0
1.14x10-15
25
1.00x10-14
35
2.09x10-14
40
2.92x10-14
50
5.47x10-14
a.
Is the autoionization of water exothermic or endothermic? b. Calculate [H+] and [OH-] in a neutral solution at 50oC.
9. Calculate the pH and pOH of the solutions in exercise 7.
10. The pOH of a sample of baking soda dissolved in water is 5.74 at 25oC. Calculate the pH, [H+], and [OH-] for this sample. Is
the solution acidic or basic?
WS#3: Solutions of Acids
11. What are the major species present in 0.250M solutions of each of the following acids? Calculate the pH of each of these
solutions.
a. HClO4
b. HNO3
12. A solution is prepared by adding 50.0mL of 0.050M HCl to 150.0mL of 0.10M HNO3. Calculate the concentration of all
species in this solution.
13. Calculate the concentration of an aqueous HCl solution that has a pH = 2.50.
14. What are the major species present in 0.250M solutions of each of the following acids? Calculate the pH of each of these
solutions.
a. HNO2
b. CH3CO2H (HC2HO2)
15. A solution with a total volume of 250.0mL is prepared by diluting 20.0mL of glacial acetic acid with water. Calculate [H +]
and the pH of this solution. Assume that glacial acetic acid is pure liquid acetic acid with a density of 1.05g/cm 3.
16. Calculate the concentrations of all species present and the pH of a 0.020M HF solution.
17. Monochloracetic aci, HC2H2ClO2, is a skin irritant that is used in chemical peels intended to remove the top layer of dead
skin from the face and ultimately improve the complexion. The value of Ka is 1.35x10-3. Calculate the pH of a 0.10M
solution.
46. Will the following oxides give acidic, basic, or neutral solutions when dissolved in water? Write reactions to justify your
answers.
a. CaO
b. SO2
c. Cl2O
47. Identify the Lewis acid and the Lewis base in each of the following reactions.
a.
B(OH)3(aq) + H2O(l) B(OH)4-(aq) + H+(aq)
b.
Ag+(aq) + 2NH3(aq) Ag(NH3)2+(aq)
c.
BF3(g) + F-(aq) BF4-(aq)
48. Aluminum hydroxide is an amphoteric substance. It can act as either a Br nsted-Lowry base or as a Lewis acid. Write a
reaction showing Al(OH)3 acting as a base toward H+ and as an acid toward OH-.
49. Would you expect Fe3+ or Fe2+ to be a stronger Lewis acid? Explain.
WS#5: Buffers
50. A certain buffer is made by dissolving NaHCO3 and Na2CO3 in some water. Write equations to show how this buffer
neutralizes added H+ and OH-.
51. Calculate the pH of each of the following solutions.
a.
0.100M propanoic acid (HC3H5O2, Ka = 1.3x10-5)
b.
0.100M sodium propanoate (NaC3H5O2)
c.
Pure H2O
d.
A mixture containing 0.100M HC3H5O2 and 0.100M NaC3H5O2.
52. Compare the percent dissociation of the acid in (a) above with the percent dissociation of the acid in (d) above.
53. Calculate the pH after 0.020mol HCl is added to 1.00L of each of the four solutions in question 51.
54. Calculate the pH after 0.020mol NaOH is added to 1.00L of each of the four solutions in question 51.
55. Which of the solutions in question 51 shows the least change in pH upon addition of acid or base? Explain.
56. Calculate the pH of a solution that is 1.00M HNO2 and 1.00M NaNO2.
57. Calculate the pH after 0.10mol of NaOH is added to 1.00L of the solution in question 56, and calculate the pH after 0.20mol
of HCl is added to 1.00L of the solution in question 56.
58. Calculate the pH of each of the following buffered solutions.
a.
d.
0.10M acetic acid/ 0.25M sodium acetate
0.50M C2H5NH2/0.25M C2H5NH3Cl
b.
e.
0.25M acetic acid/ 0.10M sodium acetate
0.50M C2H5NH2/0.50M C2H5NH3
c.
0.25M acetic acid/ 0.25M sodium acetate
59. Calculate the pH after 0.010mol gaseous HCl is added to 250.0mL of each of the following buffered solutions.
a.
0.050M NH3/0.15M NH4Cl
b. 0.50M NH3/1.50M NH4Cl
Do the two original buffered solutions differ in their pH or their capacity? What advantage is there in having a buffer with a
great capacity?
60. Calculate the mass of sodium acetate that must be added to 500.0mL of 0.200M acetic acid to form a pH = 5.00 buffer
solution.
61. Consider a solution that contains both C5H5N and C5H5NHNO3. Calculate the ratio [C5H5N]/[ C5H5NH+] if the solution has
the following pH values.
A. 4.50
b. 5.00
c. 5.23
d. 5.50
62. Consider the acids in the above table. Which acid would be the best choice for preparing a pH= 7.00 buffer? Explain how to
make 1.0L of this buffer.
63. Which of the following mixtures would result in buffered solutions when 1.0L of each of the two solutions are mixed?
a.
0.1M KOH and 0.1M CH3NH3Cl
b.
0.1M KOH and 0.2M CH3NH2
c.
0.2M KOH and 0.1M CH3NH3Cl
d.
0.1M KOH and 0.2M CH3NH3Cl
64. How many moles of NaOH must be added to 1.0L of 2.0M HC2H3O2 to produce a solution buffered at each pH?
a.
pH = pKa
b. pH = 4.00
c. pH = 5.00
WS#6: Acid-Base Titrations/Indicators
65. Consider the titration of a generic weak acid HA with a strong base that gives the following titration curve:
pH
10 following:
15
20
On the curve, indicate the points that correspond 5to the
a. The stoichiometric (equivalence) point
b. The region with maximum buffering.
c. pH = pKa
d. pH depends only on [HA]
25
80. Students are often surprised to learn that organic acids, such as acetic acid, contain OH groups. Actually, all oxyacids
contain hydroxyl groups. Sulfuric acid, usually written as H2SO4, has the structural formula SO2(OH)2, where S is the central
atom. Identify the acids whose structural formulas are shown below. Why do they behave as acids, while NaOH and KOH are
bases?
a.
SO(OH)2
b. ClO2(OH)
c. HPO(OH)2
81. Derive an equation analogous to the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation but relating pOH and pKb of a buffered solution
composed of a weak base and its conjugate acid, such as NH3 and NH4+.
82. You have the following reagents on hand:
Solids (pKa of Acid form is Given
Solutions
Benzoic acid (4.19)
5.0M HCl
Sodium acetate (4.74)
1.0M acetic acid (4.74)
Potassium fluoride (3.14)
2.6M NaOH
Ammonium chloride (9.26)
1.0M HOCl (7.46)
What combination of reagents would you use to prepare buffers at the following pH values?
a. 3.0
b. 4.0
c. 5.0
d. 7.0
e. 9.0
83. Calculate the value of the equilibrium constant for each of the following reaction in aqueous solution.
a.
HC2H3O2 + OH1- C2H3O21- + H2O
b.
C2H3O21- + H+ HC2H3O2
c.
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O
84. Calculate the volume of 1.50x10-2M NaOH that must be added to 500.0mL of 0.200M HCl to give a solution that has a pH of
2.15.
85. The active ingredient in aspirin is acetylsalicylic acid. A 2.51g sample of acetylsalicylic acid required 27.36mL of 0.5106M
NaOH for a complete reaction. Addition of 13.68mL of 0.5106M HCl to the flask containing the aspirin and the sodium
hydroxide produced a mixture with a pH = 3.48. Find the molar mass of the acetylsalicylic acid and its Ka value. State any
assumptions you must make to reach your answer.
86. A student intends to titrate a solution of a weak monoprotic acid with a sodium hydroxide solution but reverses the two
solutions and places the weak acid solution in the buret. After 23.75mL of the weak acid solution has been added to 50.0mL
of the 0.100M NaOH solution, the pH of the resulting solution is 10.50. Calculate the original concentration of the solution of
weak acid.
Answer Key.
1.