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DIPLOMA IN APPLIED BOTANY (ADVANCE COURSE)

Introduction to the course


Welcome to diploma in allied Botany, which is an open-ended, interdisciplinary cluster of usage of technology, innovative teaching method, and
research work in fostering and promoting plant and agricultural biosciences
innovation.
A unifying theme is the promotion of plant, algal and agricultural biosciences
for sustainable development to meet social and economic challenges in India
and internationally.
The activities are inter-connected via a number of crosscutting themes,
namely the promotion of:
Sustainability: The research and innovation activities at the department
aims to promote or enhance sustainability (economic, social and
environmental).
Diversity: The research and innovation activities aims to promote forms and
applications of diversity that can enhance human wellbeing.
Discovery: The research and innovation activities are strongly driven by a
discovery quest for new knowledge, particularly forms of knowledge that can
contribute to sustainable development.
Innovation: The activities of the cluster aim to facilitate innovations in the
broadest sense (i.e. that provide renewed options or approaches for problem
solving), particularly the promotion of disruptive or "game-changing"
innovations that can offer new opportunities for addressing emerging
challenges to sustainable development.
A major aim of the Allied Botany department is to facilitate the development
of a "Community of Practice" in relation to plant, algal and agricultural
biosciences where research and innovation practitioners can work together to
generate novel knowledge, products and services that can facilitate
sustainable development.

Departments Objectives
The overall Goal of the Department of Botany is to facilitate plant and
agricultural biosciences research and activities that contribute to human
wellbeing, in India and internationally.
Specific Objectives of the Plant and Agricultural Biosciences Centre are to:

Function as a platform for promotion of plant & agricultural biosciences


research, training and innovation in India
Contribute to bio-based economy based on renewables derived from
photosynthetic organisms
Facilitate the development of R & D skills and innovations that
contribute to the economy and society
Apply the findings of basic research and contribute to sustainable
development in India & internationally
Promote public and political understanding of the key role that plant and

agricultural bioscience play in the economy, society and environment


Increase our knowledge about plants and other agricultural organisms
with, from molecular to ecosystem levels
Promote scientific exchange and co-operation between participating
research groups, companies and institutions
Promote vibrant seminar speaker programs across the participating
research groups, companies and institutions
Organize and host national and international conferences and events
relating to plant and agricultural biosciences
Plan and carry out innovative & interdisciplinary projects at a high
scientific level
Guarantee future skills competence in the field of plant and agricultural
biosciences research & innovation by means of shared teaching &
training of undergraduate research programs
Intensify co-operation & visibility of plant and agricultural biosciences
research community with business, politics, and government and other
stakeholder groups in society
Encourage dialogue with the public and stakeholder groups by
contributing a scientific viewpoint to social, economic, and political
topics relating to plants and agricultural organisms.

Course Structure
Botany and Plant Science is responsible for teaching and practical components
of programs in Department of Botany under the Faculty of Science. This
includes provision of lecture modules and practicals in the following:
1st Year:
1st semester
DB011

Introduction to biology: Morphology & Taxonomy I

DB012

Evolution & Tree of Life

DB013

Fundamentals in Aquatic Plant Sciences

DB014

Molecular & Cell Biology

DB015

Cell Biology Lab

DB016

Seminar

nd

Semester

DB021

Plant Morphology & Taxonomy-II

DB022

Plant Diversity, Physiology &Adaptation

DB023

Genetics & Agro-Biosciences

DB024

Plant Biochemistry

DB025

Plant Morphology & Taxonomy Lab-II

DB026

Plant Physiology Lab

DB027
2nd Year

Plant Biochemistry Lab

3rd Semester
DB211

Basic Microbiology

DB212

Plant Ecology & Environment

DB213

Soils, Climate & Paleobotany

DB214

Plant Biotechnology-I

DB215

Plant Biotechnology lab-I

DB216

Basic Microbiology Lab

DB217

Plant Ecology Lab

4th Semester
DB221

Applied Microbiology

DB222

Plant Biotechnology-II

DB223

Plant & Agricultural Genetics

DB224

Agro-Biosciences for Sustainable global development

DB225

Applied Microbiology lab

DB226
DB227

Plant Biotechnology Lab-II


Medicinal Plants Lab/Project Work

3rd year
5th semester
DB311

Plant Pathology-I

DB312

Tissue Culture: Introduction & Applications

DB312

Applied Aquatic Plant Sciences

DB313

Paleobotany & Climate Change

DB314

Minor Research Project

DB315

Seminar

DB316

Plant Pathology Lab

6th semester
DB321

Plant Pathology-II

DB322

Major Research Project

DB323

Seed Technology

DB333

Bio-Diversity & Plant conservation

DB334

Seed Technology lab

Applied Botany Fees Details:


1st Year

2nd Year

3rd Year

General
Category

18,500/-

16,000/-

16000/-

Reserved
Category
(SC/ST/OBC)

7,000/-

5500/-

5500/-

Research Themes for Major Project Work


Theme 1: Plant and Crop Biosciences
Plants (and other photosynthetic organisms) are the ultimate solar-powered
biological systems selected by evolution. Humans are wholly dependent on
terrestrial plants for our survival, as plants are the basis of our food, feed (e.g.
for animals & aquaculture), nutrition, fiber (for textiles), fuel (energy), building
materials, medicines, "green chemicals" and ecosystem services such as
oxygen levels in the atmosphere and carbon management. Photosynthetic
organisms will be central to future efforts to wean ourselves off non-renewable
petrochemicals (oil, gas) towards a more sustainable bio-based economy and
society. Research in this cluster theme will focus on the leveraging of plant
and crop biosciences for "bio-based" sustainable development.
Theme 2: Algal Biosciences
Algae are predominantly photosynthetic organisms that can be unicellular
(microalgae) or multicellular (macro algae; seaweeds). They occupy marine,
freshwater and terrestrial habitats and are involved in many biotic (e.g.
symbiotic) interactions. Algae form the base of the food chain of most aquatic
systems and are important on a planetary scale for the maintenance of
natural cycles and processes such as CO2 absorption, O2 production and
nutrient cycling. Both seaweeds and microalgae have wide and growing range
of applications for provision of human food, animal feed, pharmaceuticals,
industrial products including bio-actives, and the provision of other bio-derived
products including biofuels. From a biotechnological perspective, research on
the harnessing of algae for provision of useful products and services for
humanity is in its infancy, with major opportunities for algal biosciences
innovations.
Theme 3: Livestock Biosciences
Domestic animals (livestock) contribute directly to the livelihoods of nearly 1
billion of the worlds population, providing food products, manure for crops,
draught power, and products (e.g. leather, fiber) for industrial uses. By
consuming crop residues and byproducts, and through grazing, livestock
production can provide valuable agro-ecosystem services. Livestock are an
important source of income and employment in many countries, including
India where meat and milk production account for around 60% of agricultural
output. Population growth and purchasing power increases are resulting in
rapid increases in demand for animal protein (meat). Demand for animal
products will nearly double between 2000 and 2030. A large proportion of this
increase will be in developing countries and from monogastric animals (FAO,
2002). The continued population growth and urbanization, global warming,
globalization of trade and ongoing intensification of livestock, in addition to
providing opportunities for development, have given rise to a number of new
challenges for sustainable animal production and these trends and new
challenges will continue in the future. Examples of challenges for the livestock
sector include the occurrence of new diseases such as highly pathogenic avian
flu and recently of Influenza A (H1N1); re-occurrence of many old trans
boundary animal diseases; release of pollutants such as methane, nitrogen
and phosphorus into the environment; water scarcity, land degradation,
erosion of animal biodiversity; and scarcity of feed (due to the need to feed a

growing population or because of diversion to other uses, such as biofuels).


Theme 4: Enzyme Biosciences
Agro-industrial biosciences & biotechnology is largely based on the use of
enzymes and microbes for conversion of biomass from the agricultural sector
(e.g. plant, animal, waste etc.) to products of use to humans. Bio catalysis.
Industrial or white biotechnology uses enzymes and microorganisms to make
bio-based products in sectors such as chemicals, food and feed, detergents,
paper and pulp, textiles and bioenergy (such as biofuels or biogas).
Theme 5: Tree & Forestry Biosciences
The United Nations General Assembly has declared 2011 as the International
Year of Forests to raise awareness on sustainable management, conservation
and sustainable development of all types of forests. Over 1200 million people
in developing countries use trees as part of an agricultural system to generate
food, cash and other productive resources. Forests directly support livelihoods
through provision of fuel wood, saw timber, paper, pulp. More than half of the
wood biomass consumed globally, well over 80 percent in developing
countries, is burned as fuel. Pulping waste can be used as a bio-derived source
of industrial solvents, livestock feed, lubricants, consumer products (such as
artificial vanillin) and medicines. Forests can be separated into planted and
natural forest systems. While only 7 percent (271 million hectares) of the
worlds forests are planted these forests are responsible for 66% of total
global round wood production. Forest and tree biosciences efforts are at an
early development stage, with most forestry biosciences efforts currently
focused on planted forests. Rapid loss of natural and semi-natural forested
areas is occurring due to changes in land use driven by resource-use demands
and environmental degradation. In addition to deforestation, existing forests
are being degraded by pathogens and pests, fire, atmospheric pollution,
extreme weather events, climate change and unsustainable forest
management practices.
Theme 6: Agro biodiversity
While biodiversity encompasses the diversity of all living organisms,
agricultural biodiversity or agro-biodiversity refers to all biological and genetic
diversity, which is directly relevant to agriculture. Both are inter-related and
inter-dependent. Agro biodiversity is also called genetic resources for food and
agriculture. Agro biodiversity refers to the variability of animals, plants and
microorganisms that are used directly or indirectly for food and agriculture,
including crops, livestock, forestry and fisheries. It comprises the diversity of
genetic resources (varieties, breeds) and species used for food, fodder, fiber,
fuel and pharmaceuticals. It also includes the diversity of non-harvested
species that support production (soil micro-organisms, predators, pollinators),
and those in the wider environment that support agro-ecosystems
(agricultural, pastoral, forest and aquatic) as well as the diversity of the agroecosystems. Agro biodiversity conservation and sustainable use is critical to
future sustainable development and to ensuring food and livelihood security in
societies across the globe, particularly in developing countries.
Theme 7: Plant & Agri-Research Policy, Impacts, Evaluation and
Interfaces
Plant and agricultural research which is undertaken in close partnership with
the needs of stakeholders (e.g. consumers, farmers, policymakers etc.) can

have higher odds of economic, commercial and social impacts. The


identification of evidence gaps at the macro and field levels is critical to
informing more effective policies, programs and impacts from agricultural
research activities. Agronomic, economic, social, marketing and participatory
research approaches can inform and facilitate stronger linkages between
upstream researchers and intended end-users. End-users of agricultural
research can range from food and energy consumers, farmers, patients, and
institutional partners (e.g. NGOs, private companies, extension services,
government agencies etc.).

Job Opportunities
Among the careers available to a person who enjoys the outdoors are
positions as an ecologist, taxonomist, conservationist, forester, or plant
explorer. Your work may take you to foreign and exotic lands. It may allow you
to live and work in the great outdoors. A person with a mathematical
background might find biophysics, developmental botany, genetics, modeling,
or systems ecology to be exciting fields. Someone with interestin chemistry
might become a plant physiologist, plant biochemist, molecularbiologist, or
chemo-taxonomist. Many people do not realize that most of the basic
biological processes are the same in both plants and animals. Plants, however,
are easier to grow and manipulate.
Many other careers for botanists do not involve teaching or research. Some
botanists work in marketing or administration of plant-related industries such
as pharmaceutical companies, seed companies, biotechnology firms, scientific
publishers and biological supply houses. Other plant biologists work in
museums, herbaria, and botanical gardens
The major employers of plant biologists are educational institutions, federal
and state agencies, and industries. Job opportunities usually depend upon
educational training and experience. New positions in botany are expected to
increase at an above-average rate through the turn of the century. Growing
world population continues to increase the need for better food supplies.
Environmental concerns, such as air, water and soil pollution, will create
openings for ecologists in government and industry. The search for new drugs
and medicines and useful genes for improving crop plants will continue to
create a need for botanical explorers.
Educational institutions, which employ most plant biologists, range from high
schools and colleges to universities. High schools and colleges have few
openings for those who wish to teach specialized courses and there is little
time or equipment for research activity. Nevertheless, for botanists who
primarily enjoy teaching, such positions are very satisfying.
Most positions for professional plant scientists are in colleges and universities.
Almost all colleges and universities offer courses in plant science and there
are faculty positions for botanists who have different specialties. In addition,
educational institutions employ botanists as researchers and as
administrators.
Federal and state agencies need botanists in many different fields. Plant

biologists work in various branches of the Department of Agriculture, including


the Medical Plant, the Germplasm research, the Animal and Plant Health
Inspection Service, Forest Service. The Bureau of Land Management and
Geological Survey, also employs botanists. Plant scientists also work in several
other federal agencies, including the Public Health Service, and Environmental
Protection Agency. Environmental organizations, like the Nature Conservancy,
also hire botanists.
Industry is the third major employer of plant biologists. Drug companies, the
oil industry, the chemical industry, lumber and paper companies, seed and
nursery companies,fruit growers, food companies, fermentation industries
(including breweries), biological supply houses and biotechnology firms all hire
men and women trained in botany. Recently the first genetically altered food
crop, the Flavr Savr(tm) tomato, reached store shelves. This opens a new
career field for botanists.
Botany offers many interesting and worthwhile career opportunities. The work
is frequently varied and the surroundings pleasant. Because of the great
diversity in the plant sciences, people with many different backgrounds,
abilities, and interests can find a satisfying career in botany. Studies in Botany
provide possible solutions to agricultural, horticulture and environmental
problems. A Botanist is not only interested in studying the smallest and the
most incomprehensible of plants, but the study also includes trees and forests.

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