DR.R.N.S.

GOWDA
Former Vice Chancellor,
KVAFSU, Bidar.
&
Ex-Director
INSTITUTE OF ANIMAL HEALTH
AND VETERINARY BIOLOGICALS
HEBBAL,BANGALORE-560024
INDIA

Poultry Farming

A dynamic Agribusiness
Fast adoptable
Renumarative
Helps in food security of the
country

BUT WHAT IS HAPPANING IN THE POULTRY

INDUSTRY TODAY ?

Transformation of poultry husbandry to industry and

integrations.

Manipulation of marketing strategies- to face ever narrowing profit margins

Leads to compromise in management, nutrition and

health coverage

Multi age groups and increasing density of flocks

and
Closeness of farms in a given area

ISSUES DEFINING BIOSECURITY

TOMORROW

TODAY &

Bird perform better than ever because of

good genetic potentiality and nutrition but
their immune system has not necessasarly
followed the same trend.
Discovery of newer immunosuppressive
agents and Mycotoxinsand their prevention.
problems and losses due to infectious
diseases like-ND,IB, IBD, MD, IBH,etc.
Human health concern -consumers now
demanding risk free & safe food

EVALUTION OF FLOCK HEALTH

DEPENDS ON
The number of farms in the area
presence of endemic and epidemic
diseases
Application of biosecurity programmes
adopted to separate farm circumstances

WHAT ARE THE MAJOR DISEASES OF POULTRY

CONCERN TODAY ?

BACTERIAL

VIRAL

FUNGAL

PROTOZOAN

: E.coli, Salmonella ,coryza,

fowl cholera & Mycoplasma
: Ranikhet, Gumbaro ( IBD),
IBH/HHS Marek`s. IB & REO

: Aspergillosis .
Candidiosis.
: Coccidiosis.

HOW CAN WE RESPOND ?

Use of antibiotics is not a solution for

solving the problem -Drug resistance.

Vaccine development takes time and no

use on variants by a single vaccine

Therefore
GO BACK TO BASICS
CLEANLINESS IS THE KEYWORD

HACCP at Farm level

HACCP at Feed mill

HACCP at Water management

SANITATION AND BIOSECURITY IS THE

ANSWER !

WHY BIOSECURITY IS ESSENTIAL ?

Management helps good performance.
Nutrition helps to maintain the life, and
health for production.
Medication and Vaccination helps in
prevention of some disease to some extent..
But, A GOOD SANITATION/ BIOSECURITY PROGRAMME is a vital factor
for disease prevention

WHAT IS BIOSECURITY ?

Measures and Methods

adopted to stop entry of
disease organisms in to the
farm.

A method to secure a
disease free environment in
the farm.

A method of production and

profitability through disease
control programmes.

WHAT IS BIOSECURITY ?

BIOSECRITY IS INFORMED

COMMON SENSE to avoid germs.

NOT BRING THE GERMS TO BIRDS OR
NOT BRING POULTRY TO GERMS.

Top Biosecurity measures to break the chain

of infection

Removing susceptible
host

All - in - All- out

- Vaccination
- Down time

Infectious
agents

Sanitation
- Buildings
- People

Pest

control

People
Equipment
Traffic control

Transmission

Communication

Audits,Education &
Regional networking

HOW DO DISEASES SPREAD FROM

BIRD TO BIRD ?
Exhaled air

Infected eggs
Litter/Droppings
BIRD WITH
DISEASE

Dead birds

Feathers/Dandruff
Infected
birds

WHAT IS THE MODE OF SPREAD OF

DISEASE ?
Vertical

spread

-Trans - ovarian transmission From EGG-to-CHICK

Horizontal

spread :

a) Vectors
- Flies, BeetlesRodents
- Inanimate objects: Equipments,Faecal matter,
Feathers & Dandruff

b) Nutritional - Feed and Water

WHY DO WE NEED BIOSECURITY ?

To reduce the infections -Freedom from
disease
To avoid environmental pathogen challenge
To reduce morbidity & mortality
To improve good feed conversion
To boost good growth rate and production
To reduce cost of production
To reduce cost of medication

Principle of Biosecurity:

BLOCK THE BUG BEFORE

IT BUGS YOR FLOCK

Bio security programs require

Planning

Locating resources

Implementation
Control

CYCLE OF MANAGEMENT
planning

Location resources
Control

Implementation

Three important factors in

Biosecurity are :
1-Conceptual Biosecurity
2- Structural Biosecurity
3-Operational Biosecurity

HIERARCHY OF BIOSECURITY

3
2

OPERATIONNAL
STRUCTURAL

CONCEPTUAL

1. CONCEPTUAL BIOSECUTRY

Location of the complex in relation to

concentrations of poultry of the same or
different species.

Distance between breeder and growing

units -hatcheries, feed mills, processing
plants/packing units etc.

DISTANCE BETWEEN SHEDS

DISTANCE IN MTS

50
1000

100
500

200
200

300
100

DENSITY OF ORGANISMAS

400

CONCEPTUAL BIOSECUTRY

Location of major or minor roads and the

movement of commercial and back yard
poultry.

Proximity of large lakes,tanks and rivers--------migratory flyways

Location of multi age farms-laying units

2. STRUCTURAL BIOSECURITY
Fence

the farm area to prevent

trespass
Fencing of house area with
secured gates.
Decontamination area for vehicles
and foot wear.

STRUCTURAL BIOSECURITY

Proper store for feed-vermin free storage.

Bird and rodent proofing housing

Concrete flooring for proper cleaning.

Separate feed,litter and equipment

storage area away from live-birds.

3. OPERATIONAL BIOSECURITY
Remove

the litter and manure from

the shed
wash flooring with plain water
sprinkle caustic soda flakes on the
floor@1kg/100sq.ft
Soak caustic soda with water and
spread it all over the flooring area
and leave it for 3-4hours

OPERATIONAL BIOSECURITY

Wash the roof, beams. trusses, cages,side

walls,curtains and all accessories inside the
shed with jet of plain water -(hot water is
preferable)

Wash the shed with2%solution of washing

soda(2kgs/100lit.water)

Use a suitable disinfectant to clean the

floor.

OPERATIONAL BIOSECURTY
Use the flame gun to clean the shed
wash all the accessories like
feeders,waterers,brooders with jet of
water and then with washing soda solution
.
-use of a
disinfectant is recommended
sun dry all equipments

OPERATIONAL BIOSECURTY
Apply

white wash to the shed

inside -use one part of lime and three parts
of bleaching powder.

place

new bedding-paddy
husk,wood shavings,maize cob
powder for deep litter.
place all accessories like waterers,
feeders,brooders in their places.

OPERATIONAL BIOSECURTY
Cover

the shed with curtains and

spray the disinfectant to words

ceiling-Environmental spray
FUMIGATION: 2Kgs of potassium
permanganate with 4liters of formalin for 1000
Sft.of shed area.
Keep

the shed closed and covered

OPERATIONAL BIOSECURTY-6
For

GUMBORO affected area /

sheds a final spray of -X-185,- 4

ml/litre of water chloramine-T need
to be sprayed.

OPERATIONAL BIOSECURTY

For automatic watering systems -remove

all water from pipes and flush the pipes
with a descaler cum disinfectant solution
need to be applied.

Then Flush the system with plain water.

Field Challenges ?
VIRAL CHALLENGE

BACTERIAL
CHALLENGE

COCCIDIAL
CHALLENGE

BACTERIAL
CHALLENGE

DISINFECTION
EXCESSIVE FIELD CHALLENGE
VIRUS, BACTERIA, FUNGUS, PROTOZOA.

WHAT TYPES OF DISINFECTION ARE

TO BE FOLLOWED ?

TERMINAL DISINFECTION

CONTINUOUS DISINFECTION

LIFTING
OF BIRDS
CHICKS
PLACEMENTS

DRY
CLEANING

TERMINAL
DISINFECTION

FOOT DIPS
WHEEL DIPS

DISINFECTION-II

PLACEMENT
OF EQUIPMENTS

EQUIPMENT
CLEANING

WATER
WASHING

DISINFECTION-I

CONTINUOUS DISINFECTION
Practice of disinfection at regular
intervals.

Drinking water sanitation

During disease outbreaks.

DRINKING WATER SANITATION

Source of water is important

Water from open well, surface bore wells,
river,pond needs treatment
-0.01%Iodine solution,low dilutions of
Sodium hypochlorite, Coccobenzyl dimethyl
ammonium chloride and Glutaraldehyde,
-Chlorine ,Bleaching powder etc.
Well guarded water supply -Chorination level
of not more than2ppm.

DURING DISEASE OUTBREAKS

Sanitation of entire farm
disinfection of poultry sheds
Sanitation of all equipments
sanitation of any material entering and
exit in the farm
spray of disinfectant on the birds

LITTER DISPOSAL
Removal of litter, faecal matter ,debris,
feathers and dispose away from the
poultry premises.
Treat the litter with larvecide insecticides.
Use organic matter for Proper composting
manure making or production of bio gas.
Avoid use of litter as manure around
poultry farm.

BIOSECRITY OF SURROUNDINGS
Cleanup thoroughly six feet around the
buildings
Remove all the vegetation, organic matterlitter,feathers,debris and decaying material
Provide proper drainage to avoid water
pools.damps or marshy areas
Cut off wild growth of trees,grass etc. to
avoid perching of wild birds

SURVIVABILITY OF MICRO- ORGANISMS IN

THE ENVIRONMENT

Bursal disease
-Months
Avian Influenza
-Days to weeks
Maeks disease
-Weeks
New Castle disease -Days to weeks
Laryngotracheitis
-Days
Duck plague
-Days
Fowl cholera
-Weeks
Fowl coryza
-Hours to days
Salmonellosis
-Weeks
Mycoplasma
-Hours to days
Coccidiosis
-Months

ORGANISMS TO BE CONTROLLED
BACTERIAL
-Salmonella pullorum -white diarrhea
-Salmonella galinarum -Fowl typhoid
-S.enteritidis
-Gastroenteritis
-S.typhi murium
-Typhoid
-Eschericha Coli, Aerobic bacilli, Staphylococci,
Pseudomonas, Infectious Coryza & Fowl
Cholera
-MYCOPLASMAL INFECTIONS -MG,MS,MI etc.
FUNGAL
-Aspergillus fumigates,

-Candidiosis

ORGANISMS TO BE CONTROLLED

VIRAL
-Infectious bursal disease
-Ranikhet disease
-Infectious bronchitis
-Marek`s diseas
-Adeno-viral infections
-HPS,IBH& EDS
-REO-viral infections

CONTROL POINTS AT FARM LEVEL

Bio-security of the farm
Bio-security of the flock
Terminal clean outs and disinfection
the flocks
Drinking water sanitation
Feed sanitation
Standard vaccination schedules
Flock health monitoring

between

DISINECTING POULTRY HOUSES

DISINECTANTS

REMARKS

Quaterinary Ammonium
compounds

-Mild detergents- hard water

& high organic matter
decrease it`s efficiency

Iodophores

-Stains equipment-organic
matter & pH interfere with
efficiency

Phenols

Formaldihyde

-Resistant to organic
matter,less effective on
virus
-Very effective on all
organisms

FORMALDEHYDE FUMIGATION FOR 100 Cft

STRENGTH

FORMALIN
( IN ML)

POTASSIUM
PERMANGANATE
(In grams)

1X

40

20

2X

80

40

3X

120

60

5X

200

100

FORMALDEHYDE FUMIGATION,CONCENTRATIONS AND

RECOMONDATIONS
Fumigation of
Hatching eggs
immediately after they
are laid
Egg incubator
Incubator room
Hatcher between
hatches
Hatcher and chick
room between hatchers
Sexig area &Hatcher
and chick room
Chick boxea, pads and
trucks

Conc.of
fumigant

Minimum time of
fumigation

3X

20 minutes

2X

30 minutes

1-2 X

30 minutes

3X

30 minutes

3X

30 minutes

3X

30 minutes

5X

30 minutes

Effective against poultry

pathogens
Aldehydes Chlorine Iodophore Quats
Disease
organism

Viruses

++

Bacteria

Peroxide

++

+/-

++

++

++

B.spores

Phenol

Fungus

++

Parasites

- -

SUMMERY

Biosecurity should be thought out, planned

and implemented in a wider perspective.

Operational procedures are to be properly

documented and communicated to each and
every employee,so that they are
implemented strictly.

Proper understanding and communication of

biosecurity is very vital

THANKS
for
YOUR TIME
and
NOW YOUR TIME FOR
QUESTIONS ?