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Lecture--2-1
Lecture
Contents
Introduction
Principle of fluidized-bed coating
Batch type fluidized-bed coater
Continuous fluidized-bed coater
Industrial application
Conclusions
Solid Objects
Bed Particles
(Immersed into a
bed of coating
material)
Metal Coatings
Pharmaceutical
Agricultural
Chemical
Catalytic Reactions
production of Polyolefin
Solventless
coatings
Sustained release coatings
Enteric & Barrier coatings
Cosmetic coatings
Surface
treatments
gravity force
The compressive force between
adjacent particles disappeared
Pressure drop through any
section of bed equals weight of
fluid and particles
7
5
2
1
0.5
C
0.2
20
50
100
200
500
1000 2000
Advantages of Fluidized-beds
The smooth, liquidlike of flow of particle allows
continuous automatically controlled operations with
ease of handling
The rapid mixing of solids leads to nearly isothermal
conditions
It is suited large-scale operation
Heat and mass transfer rate between gas and
particles are high
Disadvantages of Fluidized-beds
In efficient contacting system: especially serious
when high conversion of gaseous reactant is required
Nonuniform residence times of solids in the reactor
Friable solids are pulverized and entrained by gas
Erosion of pipes and vessels from abrasion by
particles can be serious
Droplet Coalescence
Spraying
coating particle
droplets
Wetting
Solidifying
coated
particle
Droplet is not wet but bead up the resulting coating may be discontinuous layer of tiny sphere of solute
Use of surfactant or plasticizer improvement of spreading or wetting of liquid on surface of particle
Rotor spray
Spray nozzle is located above
the distributor
product container/expansion
chamber
TIS+
PDI
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
exhaust air
~
n
spraying solvent
PDI
FI
~
n
TIS+
PDIA+
PDIA+
FIC
TIC
2
2
3
inlet air
heating medium
drain
*N=2
Fo =5.6
N=3
Fo =20.8
* coating loss 1%
negligent back-mixing
the same residence time
expansion chamber
with internal filter
inlet
shute
processing chamber
bottom
screen
discharge
shute
solid raw
material
liquid raw
material
product
process air
solid material
*binder
*coating liquid
Agglomeration
Coating
Cooling
e.g. suger
Process variables
Formulation variables
Type of equipment
Temp. of the Uf
Solvent(water/organic)
Type of nozzle
Spray rate
Type of distributor
Atmoization pressure
Particles properties
Diameter of insert
Distance of insert
above distributor
Height of insert
Batch size
Uf (inside/outside)
Coating materials
1) Cellulose derivatives, e.g. methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl
cellulose, ethyl cellulose
2) Polymethylacrylate copolymer, e.g. Eudragit E, Eudragit series
3) Other polymers, e.g. polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl acetate
phthalate, latex, shellac
4) Metal salts
1) water-based coating
2) solvent based coating
3) hot melts
4) coating emulsions
Due to strict air-pollution control and high cost of solvents, water-based and other solvent
free coatings are of increasing interest
Number of
draft tube
Approximate
batch size
(kg)
150
75
225
0.5-2
225
112
300
7-10
300
150
375
12-20
450
225
600
35-55
800
225
750
200-275
1150
225
900
400-575
Industrial application
Protective coating
& taste masking
Snack
Fluidized-bed coating
Enteric coatings
Control of site of
drug release
Fertilizer
Sustained
Controlled released
coating
Delay absorption of
drug component by
retarding release of
drug
Fluidized-bed systems
employed for various industry
in Korea
Chosun Chemicals
Capa. : 500kg/batch
use: sustained release coating
Example I
- Electrochemical application
Graphite
6~10 m
LiCoO2
~5 m
LiMOx or C
1-300nm
x
LiMn2O4
8~10 m
LiMn2O4 Unit Cell
MOy
Mn
Li
c
a
Coating materials
Al, Mg, Ag, Cu, Sn etc.
Improvement
Performance
Rate capability
Stability
Example II
Formation of electromagnetic shielding film
conductive filler
Carbon fiber
~10-30 m
C
x
Carbonblack
< 1m
M
Ferric metals
EMI
Ag/Cu
conductive metals
Example III
-New drugsAspirin: anti-inflammatory
~20 m
PMA coating
OCOCH3
Transport
phenomena
Low
Value
limited
Use
Process
design
Thermo
dynamics
Fluidized-bed
coating
Cosmetics
High
Value
New
Function
Detergent
Food
Drugs
Hydro
dynamics
Process
control
Interfacial
phenomena
Fertilizer
Conclusions
Fluidized coating Technology is very interesting and
useful for various industrial fields.
It can be possible low value of basic materials which
applied to limited use can be changed to high priced
products with multi-functional use.
To understand the basic principle of fluidized-bed, the
learning of transport phenomena, process design,
thermodynamics, interfacial phenomena, process control
are required.
Ref.