1.

a method of research used especially in sociology by which accumulated case histories are
analyzed with a view toward formulating general principles. To access the complete Unabridged
Dictionary, with an additional 300,000 words that aren't in our free dictionary, start a free trial.
The 'case' being studied may be an individual, organization, event, or action, existing in a specific
time and place. For instance, clinical science has produced both well-known case studies of
individuals but also case studies of clinical practices.[3][4][5] However, when case is used in an abstract
sense, as in a claim, proposition, or argument, such a case can be the subject of many research
methods, not just a case study

2.the consultation is described by Pendleton as 'the central act of medicine' which 'deserves to be
understood'. It is clearly central to the transaction between doctors and patients and central to the
relationship between doctors and patients.[2]
The consultation is the basic tool of general practice and, like general practice, it has changed and
evolved over the years. Many factors have contributed to changes in consultation styles, content and
length. In the 1950s patients did not usually have booked appointment times and queued to see the
doctor. Appointments were of necessity very short. The brief clinical notes on consultations still
evident in Lloyd George records often reflect a more succinct consultation.
3. Coaching is training or development in which a person called a "coach" supports a learner in
achieving a specific personal or professional goal. The learner is sometimes called a "coachee".
Occasionally, "coaching" may mean an informal relationship between two people, of whom one has
more experience and expertise than the other and offers advice and guidance as the latter learns;
but coaching differs from mentoring in focusing on competence specifics, as opposed to general
overall development.
Some coaches use a style in which they ask questions and offer opportunities to challenge the
learner to find his or her own answers. This helps the learner find answers and new ways of
being[clarification needed] based on their own values, preferences and perspectives.
Life coaching draws upon a variety of tools and techniques from other disciplines such
as sociology, psychology, Neuroscience,[14] positive adult development andcareer counseling with an
aim towards helping people identify and achieve personal goals.
4. A community of practice (CoP) is, according to cognitive anthropologists Jean Lave and Etienne
Wenger, a group of people who SHARE a craft and/or a profession. The group can evolve naturally
because of the members' common interest in a particular domain or area, or it can be created

specifically with the goal of gaining knowledge related to their field. It is through the process
of SHARING information and experiences with the group that the members learn from each other,
and have an opportunity to develop themselves personally and professionally
Personal development includes activities that improve awareness and identity, develop talents and
potential, build human capital and facilitate EMPLOYABILITY , enhance quality of life and contribute
to the realization of dreams and aspirations. The concept is not limited to self-help but includes
formal and informal activities for developing others in roles such as teacher, guide,
counselor, MANAGER , life coach or mentor. When personal development takes place in the
context of institutions, it refers to the methods, programs, tools, techniques, and assessment
systems that support human development at the individual level in organizations. [1]
Lesson study is a form of long-term professional development in which teams of teachers
collaboratively plan, research, and study their lesson instruction as a way to determine how students
learn best.
It is a process that deepens the interaction of a schools professional learning community by
developing the habits of self-reflection and critical thinking through very personal collaboration with
their colleagues and structured observation of their students. Lesson study has the power to
transform the life of a school
"Mentoring is to support and encourage people to MANAGE their
own learning in order that they may maximise their potential,
develop their skills, improve their performance and become the
person they want to be." Eric Parsloe, The Oxford School of Coaching &
Mentoring
Mentoring is a powerful personal development and empowerment tool. It is
an effective way of helping people to progress in their CAREERS and is
becoming increasing popular as its potential is realised. It is a partnership
between two people (mentor and mentee) normally working in a similar field
or sharing similar experiences. It is a helpful relationship based upon mutual
trust and respect.
A mentor is a guide who can help the mentee to find the right direction and
who can help them to develop solutions to career issues. Mentors rely upon
having had similar experiences to gain an empathy with the mentee and an
understanding of their issues. Mentoring provides the mentee with an
opportunity to think about CAREER OPTIONS and progress.
A mentor should help the mentee to believe in herself and boost her
confidence. A mentor should ask questions and challenge, while providing
guidance and encouragement. Mentoring allows the mentee to explore new

ideas in confidence. It is a chance to look more closely at yourself, your

issues, opportunities and what you want in life. Mentoring is about becoming
more self aware, taking responsibility for your life and directing your life in
the direction you decide, rather than leaving it to chance.
Reflective supervision/consultation, for the purposes of endorsement, as defined by
MAIECMH, is a distinctive form of competency-based professional development that is
provided to multidisciplinary practitioners working in the infant/family field on behalf of very
young childrens primary caregiving relationships. Reflective supervision/consultation is a
practice emerging from the multidisciplinary field of infant mental health, which
acknowledges that very young children have unique developmental and relational needs
and that all early learning occurs in the context of relationships. The intent of this document
is to emphasize the importance of reflective supervision and consultation for best practice to
better assure that those providing reflective supervision and consultation are appropriately
trained.
Reflective supervision/consultation is distinct from administrative supervision and
clinical supervision due to the shared exploration of the parallel process. That is, attention
to all of the relationships is important, including the relationships between practitioner and
supervisor, between practitioner and parent, and between parent and infant/toddler.

It is

critical to understand how each of these relationships affects the other. Of additional
importance, reflective supervision/consultation relates to professional and personal
development within ones discipline by attending to the emotional content of the work and
how reactions to the content affect the work. Finally, there is often greater emphasis on the
supervisor/consultants ability to listen and wait, allowing the supervisee to discover
solutions, concepts and perceptions on his/her own without interruption from the
supervisor/consultant

Technical support (often shortened to tech support) refers to a plethora of services by which
enterprises provide assistance to users of technology products such as mobile
phones, televisions, computers, software products or other electronic or mechanical goods. In
general, technical support services attempt to help the user solve specific problems with a product
rather than providing training, customization, or other support services. Most companies offer
technical support for the products they sell, either freely available or for a fee. Technical support may
be delivered over the telephone or online by e-mail, live support software on a website, or a tool
where users can log a call or incident. Larger organizations frequently have internal technical
support available to their staff for computer-related problems. The Internet can also be a good

source for freely available tech support, where experienced users may provide advice and
assistance with problems.[not verified in body] In addition, some fee-based service companies charge for
premium technical support services.[1]

(a) In the pursuit of an independent foreign policy and while considering national sovereignty,
territorial integrity, national interest and the right to self-determination paramount in its relations
with other states, the State shall, at all times, uphold the dignity of its citizens whether in country or
overseas, in general, and Filipino migrant workers, in particular.
(b) The State shall afford full protection to labor, local and overseas, organized and unorganized, and
promote full EMPLOYMENT and equality of EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES for all. Towards this end,
the State shall provide adequate and timely social, economic and legal services to Filipino migrant
workers.
(c) While recognizing the significant contribution of Filipino migrant workers to the national economy
through their FOREIGN EXCHANGE remittances, the State does not promote overseas employment as a
means to sustain economic growth and achieve national development. The existence of the overseas
employment program rests solely on the assurance that the dignity and fundamental human rights and
freedoms of the Filipino citizens shall not, at any time, be compromised or violated. The State,
therefore, shall continuously create local employment opportunities and promote the equitable
distribution of wealth and the benefits of development.
(d) The State affirms the fundamental equality before the law of women and men and the significant
role of women in nation-building. Recognizing the contribution of overseas migrant women workers and
their particular vulnerabilities, the State shall apply gender sensitive criteria in the formulation and
implementation of policies and programs affecting migrant workers and the composition of bodies
tasked for the welfare of migrant workers.
(e) Free access to the courts and quasi-judicial bodies and adequate legal assistance shall not
be DENIED to any persons by reason of poverty. In this regard, it is imperative that an effective
mechanism be instituted to ensure that the rights and interest of distressed overseas Filipinos, in
general, and Filipino migrant workers, in particular, documented or undocumented, are adequately
protected and safeguarded.
(f) The right of Filipino migrant workers and all overseas Filipinos to participate in the democratic
decision-making processes of the State and to be represented in institutions relevant to overseas
employment is recognized and guaranteed.
(g) The State recognizes that the ultimate protection to all migrant workers is the possession of skills.
Pursuant to this and as soon as practicable, the government shall deploy and/or allow the deployment
only to skilled Filipino workers.

(h) Non-governmental organizations, duly recognized as legitimate, are partners of the State in the
protection of Filipino migrant workers and in the promotion of their welfare, the State shall cooperate
with them in a spirit of trust and mutual respect.
(I) Government fees and other administrative costs of recruitment, introduction, placement and
assistance to migrant workers shall be rendered free without prejudice to the provision of Section 36
hereof.
Nonetheless, the deployment of Filipino overseas workers, whether land-based or sea-based by local
service contractors and manning agencies EMPLOYING them shall be encouraged. Appropriate
incentives may be extended to them.
SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS. - For purposes of this Act:
(a) "Migrant worker" refers to a person who is to be engaged, is engaged or has been engaged in a
renumerated activity in a state of which he or she is not a legal resident to be used interchangeably
with overseas Filipino worker.
(b) "Gender-sensitivity" shall mean cognizance of the inequalities and inequities prevalent in society
between women and men and a commitment to address issues with concern for the respective interests
of the sexes.
(c) "Overseas Filipinos" refers to dependents of migrant workers and other Filipino nationals abroad
who are in distress as mentioned in Sections 24 and 26 of this Act.

SEC. 3. Definition of Terms. As used in this Act, the following terms shall be defined to mean as:

(a)
Overseas Filipino Worker shall refer to a person who is to be engaged, is engaged, or has
been engaged in a remunerated activity in a state of which he or she is not a legal resident. A person
to be engaged in a remunerated activity refers to an applicant worker who has been promised or
assured employment overseas and acting on such promise or assurance sustains damage and/or
injury. The term Overseas Filipino Worker shall be used interchangeable with Migrant worker.

(b)
Overseas Filipinos shall refer to migrant workers, other Filipino nationals and their
dependents abroad.

(c)
Legal Resident shall refer to a person who has obtained permanent residency status in
accordance with the law of the host country.

(d)

Host Country shall refer to a country or State where overseas Filipinos are located or found.

(e)
Hatid Saya shall refer to bringing joy and merriment to OFWs in their host countries by
staging musical and comedy shows with the participation of Filipino singers, movie stars, comedians,
and other Filipino entertainers. The Hatid Saya is intended to relieve OFWs of their loneliness,
anxiety, homesickness, culture-shocks experience, and living away from loved ones back home.

(f)

DOLE shall refer to the Department of Labor and Employment.

(g)

DFA shall refer to the Department of Foreign Affairs.

(h)

POEA shall refer to the Philippine Overseas Employment Administration.

(i)

OWWA shall refer to the Overseas Workers Welfare Administration.

SEC. 4. Hatid Saya Program. The Hatid Saya for OFWs is hereby institutionalized under
this Act. Accordingly, the Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) and the Department of Labor and
Employment (DOLE) shall be the lead agencies, in coordination with the Philippine Embassies,
Philippine Overseas Employment Administration (POEA) and Overseas Workers Welfare
Administration (OWWA), in institutionalizing and undertaking a permanent program of HATID SAYA
to OFWs at least once every year in each of the following four (4) regions: Middle East, Europe,
Asia, and the Americas.

EMPLOYMENT conditions abroad are relevant to the individual worker and their families as well as
for the sending country and its economic growth and well being. Poor working conditions for Filipino
people hired abroad include long hours, low wages and few chances to visit family. Women often
face disadvantages in their employment conditions as they tend to work in the elder/child care and
domestic. These occupations are considered low skilled and require little education and training,
thereby regularly facing poor working conditions. Women facing just working conditions are more

likely to provide their children with adequate nutrition, better education and sufficient health. There is
a strong correlation between women's rights and the overall well being of children. It is therefore a
central question to promote women's rights in order to promote children's capabilities
An Overseas Filipino is a person of Filipino origin who lives outside of the Philippines. This term
applies to Filipinos who are both abroad indefinitely as citizens or permanent residents of a different
country, and to those Filipino citizens abroad for a limited, definite period, such as on a work contract
or a student. It can also include seamen and others who work outside the Philippines but are not
residents, either permanent or temporary, of another country. As a result of thismigration, many
countries have substantial Filipino communities.
They are known by a variety of terms with slightly different and sometimes overlapping meanings.
Overseas Filipino Workers, also known as OFW's, are Filipinos working abroad that are expected to
return permanently either upon the expiration of a work contract or upon retirement. Balikbayans are
Filipinos who have become citizens of another country and have returned to the Philippines for a
temporary though extended visit. Global Filipino is a term of more recent vintage that less widely
used. Overseas Filipino INVESTOR or OFI are those Filipino expatriates who contribute to the
economy through remittances, buying properties and creating businesses that was coined by Gloria
Macapagal-Arroyo, the 14thPresident of the Philippines.[6]

Top 5 Things Every OFW Should Know

About The New Pag-IBIG Law of 2009
July 8, 2011 by Pag-IBIG Financing Admin
With the introduction of the Republic Act 9679, otherwise known as the Home
Development Mutual FUND Law of 2009 or simply Pag-IBIG FUND Law of 2009, a
number of changes have been implemented to the existing rules of the Pag-IBIG FUND
.
This article touches those affecting the Overseas Filipino Workers and those things that
are most important to them.

1. Mandatory Membership
In the past, membership to the Pag-IBIG Fund by OFW and migrant Filipinos is only
voluntary under the Pag-IBIG Overseas Program. But thats not the case any more

since the introduction of the Pag-IBIG FUND Law of 2009, which took effect last
January 2010. All Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) and Filipino Seafarers are already
required to become members of the Pag-IBIG Fund. Those who have been to the Office
of the Philippine Overseas EMPLOYMENT Agency will tell you that they were made to
pay for Pag-IBIG Fund Membership there. A lot of OFWs are not aware of this, but you
who are reading this article should not be surprised any more.
(Please be concerned with your fellow OFW friends and SHARE this article to them.)

2. Membership Application

Instead of catching yourself unprepared for

this thing at the POEA Office, its best if you are the one to enroll yourself to become a
member of the Pag-IBIG FUND . To do this, please visit any of the following offices:
1. If you are based overseas, please visit the Philippine Consular Office or
Philippine Embassy in your host country.
2. Locally in the Philippines at the following:
o Any Pag-IBIG FUND Branch
o Pag-IBIG Satellite Office at the POEA

For all OFW concerns, dont forget this office:

Pag-IBIG FUND International Operations Group

6th Floor, Justine Bldg.,
Gil Puyat Avenue, Makati City

3. Contribution Rate
When it comes to the amount of contribution, Pag-IBIG doesnt distinguish anymore
between a locally based Pag-IBIG Member and that of an OFW Member. They are all
under the Regular Pag-IBIG Membership likewise known as the Pag-IBIG I
Membership. In other words, the contribution is only P 200 per month. And since there
is no EMPLOYER counter-part for OFWs, you have to shoulder it all by yourself.
Take note that you may be asked to upgrade your contribution once you are approved a
housing LOAN .
See also this article: How Your Income And Contributions Affect Your Housing Loan
Entitlement

4. About The POP Membership

Some of you may have been a member of the Pag-IBIG Overseas Program
(POP)already. Please bear in mind that POP is entirely different from Pag-IBIG I. While
POP is optional for OFWs, Pag-IBIG I membership is mandatory since 2010 (refer to #1
above). Since the two programs are separate, your contributions to POP will not be
merged with your Pag-IBIG I membership.
If you have been contributing for the POP Program, it would be to your advantage if you
continue with it until it reaches maturity period where you are become entitled to
withdraw your FUNDS with its TAV.
Take note also that for other POP members, like the migrant Filipinos who are not
OFWs, the membership to the Pag-IBIG I is only voluntary
( See also: Overview of Pag-IBIG Overseas Program )

5. Benefits of Pag-IBIG Membership

Basically, there are three benefits that all Pag-IBIG Members are entitled to.
1. Housing Loan this is the most popular and the most attractive benefit.

2. Short Term Loan (Multi-Purpose and Calamity LOANS ) a noncollateral LOAN that you can use for anything.
3. Provident SAVINGS Pag-IBIG Funds SAVING Program for its members.
For a detailed explanation of these benefits, please refer to this article: Benefits of
Becoming A Pag-IBIG Fund Member.