RESEARCH PROBLEM= enigmatic situation research wants to address

Declarative
Interrogative
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM = significance of the problem
STATEMENT OF THE PURPOSE = summarize overall study goal
HYPOTHESIS = predicted relationship of 2 or more variable
1. CRITERIA FOR A GOOD RESEARCH PROBLEM
1. Significance of the study
2. Availability of the subject
3. Limitation of tools
4. Limitation of subject
5. Interest of the researcher
6. Novelty
2. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
GENERAL OBJECTIVES= what is expected study in general terms
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES= general objectives into smaller parts
VARIABLE= characteristic of person or things to be studied which can be measured
(Concept) (Construct)
3. TYPES OF VARIABLES
=According to use as an experiment=
INDEPENDENT=presumed cause
DEPENDENT=presumed effect, outcome
CONFOUNDING VARIABLE= those that are not of primary interest to researcher
=According to number of categories=
CONTINUOUS=continuum whole numbers (nearest tenth or hundredth lbs
CATEGORICAL=small range of values that do not represent quantity (male, female)
DICHOTOMOUS=takes only two values (HIV+ and HIV-)
ATTRIBUTE=age, weight
ACTIVE=variables that the researcher creates or designs
POLYCHOTOMOUS=more than 2 categories
=According to their nature=
CONCRETE=variable that can be perceived by senses
ABSTRACT=quality
=According to their number of being studied=
UNIVARIATE
BIVARIATE
POLYVARIATE
4. LIMITATION AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY
DELIMITATION=purposeful choice of the researcher
LIMITATION=beyond the control of the researcher
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE= systematic review of literature
PURPOSE=to develop foundation ; evidenced based practice
5. CHARACTERISTICS OF A RELEVANT REVIEW OF LITERATURE
1.Summaries are brief, clear and logical
2. Critiquing includes analysis and synthesis
3. Consists of primary sources
4. Sufficient number of sources are included
6. TYPES OF SOURCES
PRIMARY SOURCE=written description by the person who did study
SECONDARY SOURCE=description by another person instead of you
TERTIARY SOURCE= seminars, conversation, mails, broadcast
THEORY=provide a systematic view of a phenomenon
MODEL=set of concept that is created to depict relationship
CONCEPTS=an image or symbolic representation of abstract data
CONCEPTUAL DEFINITION=general meaning of the concept
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION=how the concept will be measured
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK=concepts, theories pulled together as a map
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK=concepts thats in literature. a ready made map for the study
7.APPROACHES TO NURSE RESEASRCH
QUANTITATIVE=measured variables, numerical
QUALITATIVE=used when little is known, (dialogue, observation)
8. PHASES OF THE RESEARCH PROCESS
1.THINKING=identify problem, review of lit
2. PLANNING=choosing study design and plan approach to sample
3. IMPLEMENTATION=recruiting participants and data collect
4. ANALYZING=analyze data and interpret findings
5. INFORMING=disseminating results (journal, articles)
9.STEPS IN IDENTIFYING A RESEARCH PROBLEM
1. Outline areas of interest = quality of life after kidney transplant
2. Choose a topic= significance/relevance, gaps(is more research need), interests
3. Narrow your topic=what is going on with, what is meaning of, how effective, causes
4. Identify a research problem=your interests, literature, feasibility (time, participants)
5. Identify the purpose for your study=what, who, where
10. TYPES OF HYPOTHESIS
Wordings=should be present tense
1. SIMPLE HYPOTHESIS=predicts the relationship between single IV and DV
2. COMPLEX HYPOTHESIS=predicts the relationship between 2 or more IV and DIV
3.NULL HYPOTHESIS= statistical hypothesis
4. RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS= scientific hypothesis

11. RESEARCHERS and LITERATURE REVIEWS helps with:

1. Orientation to what is known and not known
2. Identify gaps or inconsistencies in a body of research
3. Need for replication of a study with a different population
4. Development of a hypothesis to be tested
5. Identification of designs and data collection methods for a sudy
6. Lays the foundation for a study, identifies the significance to nursing
7. The generation of a lit to summarize what is known and not known
12. TO DETERMINE THE SCOPE OF LITERATURE REVIEW
1. The types of info. And sources available
2. the time frame for conducting review
3. The approx.. depth and breadth of the review needed
13. TYPES OF INFORMATION and SOURCES:
1. Theoretical
2. Empirical literature
Depth= refers to number and quality of the sources to examine
Breadth= determined by number of diff. topics examined
14. PROCESS INVOLVES IN LITERATURE
1. Locating relevant literature
2. Identifying sources
3. Locating Sources
4. Reading sources
5. Critiquing sources