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Kultur Dokumente
/n.
LESSON BOOK
ON
OLLEOORFF'S SYSTEM;
BY
ENGLISH LANGUAGE.
COLOMBO.
4
PREFACE.
THE present work is compiled upon a system which has
been applied with the greatest success to nearly every European language? and this is, therefore, presented to the Public
with confident hope that
in
will
it
no slight degree
assist
intervals of 12 or 14 lessons,
made
found too
learnt
difficult, if
They
be
mastered:
remembering that
it
is
much
easier to read
and
access to a native
may, by careful study of the directions about pronuncommence the study of the language and make consi-
derable progress in
it;
but
it is
desirable to
much
as possible.
2004711
have an intelligent
INSTRUCTIONS.
As soon
I.
able to read a
little,
Alphabet, and
as the
is
commen-
facility,
all
upon
II.
in the
so that he
When
in
can repeat
this
way he
is
able to translate
spend
them
from the
all
committed
if necessary,
to
memory
him
Proceed
perhaps be an
to another,
it
Here
it
would
translation of the
it
to
write
corrected, to
out a
which he
The student
may
in the preliminaries,
with advantage,
if
he
is
To
repeat, let
and
him
disposed,
talk
with
his
this,
he may,
teacher and
IV.
first
again, and by
repetition,
required in
up
his
mind
This work
for a vigorous
that
part.
and continuous
effort for
is
student's labours
to
to
some time.
smooth
his
path,
and
easy conquest
find that
encouraged ;
he
is
making
a good system
may
definite
toil as
Still,
The student
and
progress,
well
as the
labour will be
it.
toil
will
be
itself,
required
SINGHALESE ALPHABET,
VOWELS,
Shnrt.
a
Long.
as in
America.
as in
pin
as n
as in
as in
or
as in foot,
as in men.
e,
as in mane.
as in fr'me.
as in moan.
as in our.
ai,
o,
52)
ou,
The above
PRONUNCIATION OF VOWELS.
II.
1.
2.
3*
4.
5,
6.
Varies slightly in pronounciation, depending sometimes on the meaning or derivation, and sometimes on the
consonants with which it is combined. It has the sound
of o in dove, of o in not, and the clear, distinct sound
obtained by shortening ah! In the absence of a living
teacher, let the student choose the last of the three*
especially at the beginning of a word, where the accent
falls unless the first syllable be short and the second long,
and & have a fine, sharp sound.
<|J
6 and have a full, broad and to Englishmen vulgar
sound, like the Irish pronounciation of meat^=mate.
G\& has the polite sound of i in time, somewhat prolonged.
have the English broad, vulgar sound.
S) and
and cpi have the vowel sound of the bleating of the
sheep * minus the quivering. Cat and Cart, if pronounced very vulgarly, not in the direction of
au in caught, but in that of a in ram, will express
the sounds ; and as there is no letter in English to
express them, let one hyphen
represent the short
vowel, and two, - * the long one.
ep
&
)
Ill,
SIGNS.
TV&o
and
()
1. ep
Has no
()
\.
(epO
*"*
and
Cw
inherent in every consonant, and, unless displaced by the sign of some other
vowel or suppressed, is pronounced after the consonant.
it is
8
*2,
4*
as
55)3.
&
as *
Are written above the consonant
as <S
^^ f)
Are written below the consonant
j
the consonants
! and x are used only with
:
3.
\,
i,
35)
(> SD
>
(^
33.
6.
which
it is
6.
<3&
7. <^o
u 8.
<3>
9. i
1.
as
tion occupied by i x:
A is used for two 5)i -85>x
r
or
purposes.
sign
as
45) maka
suppress the inherent vowel:
\.
The
IV.
To
ama
cp
35?
mak-,
am.
cp
(^)J
6 d
2.
To
3.
The form
4.
is
<3W
as
<Hf
^^5)
final stroke
is
as
esQQDs=c^)(^o swalpa
CONSONANTS.
V.
The
for the
Has less
much
S
4.
S) Is
by
<5
<5
Is always trilled.
Is very light
like c in cinder, and
7.
c$3
is
^Q^eb,
1. 3S
2.
D are expressed by
cs, 6 and
other signs:
cs by as, (5 by * and
^, 53 by C
Suppresses the inherent vowel of the consonant to which
it is added, and is
pronounced after that consonant:
as
&>Qy, Mangal-ya.
Is written on the upper part of a consonant, and is
pronounced before it with its own inherent vowel
In some words
VII.
ff
o3)
as
Parwatha.
suppressed:
Suppresses the inherent vowel of the consonant to which
it IB
joined, and is pronounced after that consonant:
3.
4.
as q3}c33 Poothrayah.
Is used for three purposes:
a.
10
lively precede
3db Kat-ta*,
as
them:
<
dh
joined to Q,
When
b.
Madhwa,
c.
1.
2.
()
precedes the 0:
as <s)V
Dhwipa,
When joined to any of the other consonants, it signifies that a very short sound of 33 precedes
them: as 5)g Kandhoo.
VOWEL-CONSONANTS.
or <fc Loo, ^ Loo.
01 Roo 03 Roo G% Loo (55)1 Loo
and pronounced thus
They are joined to other consonants,
>
5)3
kroo
25)39
kroo,
5)i
kloo
5)3
kalloo.
3.
all
VOWEL AND
CONSONANT.
N.B.
The
I.
non-initial
II.
make
aka
2 vowel
<g*8
ootoo C*i
ebe
aimai
osho
ipi
3 vowel
&&
5
6
7
ep-25):>
ichi
aka
aka
ichi
ichi
aka
ichi
iki
ithi
iri
oodhoo
oogoo
ebe
ere
? oogdo
awai
omo
olo
wounow
*)
-- r--
voroel
X.
Z$i&
55)03
ese
kapa
mese
manapa
alap
kapa
ere
irai
makai
kipena
yoosaya
kramayak
parwatha
<3\.95)3db3
kotta
sneha
krooloo
55)g
koo
r -
* In the Romanized
Singhalese words, the consonants
represent respectively the aspirated consonants
roo r66.
iu Italics
The
of late
tion
The
distinction
and between
following
words uaed
in
this
list
corrections in spelling.
<5
put
&c.
2D^@^3(3
&C.
&C.
D3Sg<S"X>
*g<&S^5,
3C5DC33
&C.
&c.
OoCOQ &C.
&C.
&c.
^(
&c
'
&c.
&c.
&c.
eD
&c.
1881.
8^>oC) &C.
11
FIRST LESSON
Do
We
Take
Thou, you
Ye
He
Go
Come
Buy
Sell
They
A
A
book
Bring
or
house
A
A
A
A
box
Make
horse
Anythin
Nothing
P^g
dog
Am
Do
Does he
He
C^
^
a book ?
sell a book
The verb terminates in
tense in D)3.
sell
does not
N.B.
I.
II.
all
Nouns
EXERCISE.
Do
He
selling nothing;
is
he
is
buying
Do
a horse.
they
oicrp
a box
they make a house,
make a box? They do not make
Is he doing anySo we write anything ? You write a book.
t He is
5
thincr
We
SECOND
Old (of things)
Good
Bad
Long
New
Beautiful
Home
C5JCU
u<*t
What
"<
&>^ <3O&AJ
cso<^tf*rf 6
?5pJ39f
?
eaaqtt):)
3-25X? ?
^^S?
He
Do you
No,
Do
I take
you
my bad
sell
horse
3\,
-5303^
No,
buy
their
new book
#3\,
gcd^cd
Cf)<25
He
does not go
N.B.
at all
home
at all
t)&Q My
gg)
EXERCISE.
Do you make
a good box r
they taking a good horse ? No,
Is he selling an old book ? No,
You buy nothing. What does
rs
at all.
Are we reading
Ye
a letter?
What
home
coming home
taking
my
horse.
at all.
Are
pig.
Do
We
my
They take
We
are not
book? No, he is
No, I am selling
We
Am
THIRD LESSON.
Gold
Coat
Small
Iron
Large
ring
stone
Lead
Silk
Stone (a)
Water
Very
Wine
Something
Yes
Eat
Which one?
What-(animal)
Ilice (raw)
<3\os<;P
It (of things)
(of animals)
(boiled)
Take
She
Her
Kill
Me
Him
Wear
Us
You
Them
Put on
No, he
Use
(obj
14
my
&>*
gold ring
eotef >x
sa G^odbcs ^
No,
<sd
s5 ^Q3
not bring
Sir, I take
*H,
him home
my
<^?cj 625)
ej
me home ?
^<5
Does he use
<;c0f
Do you
Q&3&>
something
They wear
&
lead pencil
sg
is
23<35c33,
CfG55CB3
S>
C33D03
c^od
g,
seldom, and
Having
III.
called to
go
as
friend.
IV. The
),
EXERCISE.
Does he do nothing good ? He reads a good book. Do I
drink your good water? Yes, you drink (it.) Am I making
We
15
Yes, they are. Which water are we drinking ? You are not
drinking water ; you are drinking your wine. Is she using
our leaden table ? She is now using our iron table. Which
are you using ?
I am not using a table at all.
What does he
eat ?
He eats bread. Which milk are you taking ? I am
Do they drink milk ? They drink our
taking their old milk.
old milk.
Which house are you buying ? I am selling her
He
selling ?
is
FOURTH LESSON.
Man
&>&><$&&<> eS)c3.
Man, husband
Break
Mend,
Young
One
New
',
q&<55
And
Fresh
This
rectify
(absl.)
It
Now
ee&),
<^<25) pi.
-(
or
or
eto,
fD<25),
That
cptf.855,
( efcs>,
Adj. of the same
cs,
(2nd person)
view.)
(remote.)
(in
ep<5,
book ?
No, I am reading that book
Are you breaking this box or
this
that ?
am breaking that
Which is he breaking?
I
He is breaking this
Do you eat bread and
salt?
No,
I eat
I.
or writing.
Such forms
the verb
II.
The
as
"To
conj: <rf
a vowel, by
be."
is
16
EXERCISE.
Are you bringing my new box? No,
box.
Am
you are
you killing?
We
home ?
I am
read a very good book at home. Do they drink water at home ?
No, they drink bad wine and good milk. Are you using that
bad old knife ? No, I am using this good new one. Does he
eat soap ?
No, he eats rice and curry, and drinks good water.
Are you now breaking anything? No, I am mending the
Are we making anything new? Yes, you are
new chair, and a new box, and a good hat. What new
thing is this man making? He is making a new knife and a
What does that young man do at home ?
large new house.
He eats (and) drinks. Is he now killing that large pig ? No,
he is killing that little pig. Do you wear my new coat ? No,
I wear this. Which coat do you wear at home ? I wear the
silk one.
Do you wear (put on) your hat at home? I do not.
old chair.
making a
Do
The
What
gold one.
box or mending
is
iron ring ?
I use the iron one.
pencil at home, or the gold one ?
this man doing ;
is he
breaking that
He
it?
is now
Are you
doing nothing.
home? I am taking him home. What
At home, he puts on a hat (and) wears
coc^&Ojco
Young man
Buy
csDQ^cso
Father
Sc83,
I do both
Is he
using
read at
home?
pen or
my
sf s^x,
CS5253&~)Q3
<3^5
G^e Steed
2teod 65), &c. It is
generally better to
repeat the noun
my
55)380(50
Both
Both kinds
5?05>3T),
Do you write or
CDsDSoj.
eoc^saj'qtfcso
S)e
17
He
S
a
is using neither
your fiQf
nor your knife
Does she drink water or milk ?
She drinks both
N^bedc^etf
epi
<^ &^Q&<s5@
or
>q)<3>
o^Oa
ged 4Scs0te*rf
<3\<f
C3
They
cpie5 ea\K>J^c5c33
eatin?
He
is
N.B.
sister's
eecoJe5<3>aJ (^od
5o8
this
man's
#D X
Nouns neu:
final
EXERCISE.
a book or a chair?
I am making both Is
he taking the pig or the horse ? He is
taking neither the pionor the horse
Is your father
mending this old knife or that
new chair? He is mending both. Is his brother killinothe
old horse or the
young pig? He is
old
Are
killing my
pioyou mending my beautiful hat and coat? Yes, Sir lam
both
this and that.
Is this
mending
young man breakino- O r
mending anything good? He is neither mending nor breaking
Does your sister eat bread or rice and
Shi
anything
curry?
eats both bread and rice
Does this young man take home
this or that?
He takes home neither this
nor that
Are you
using my horse or your horse? Does their mother eat both
rice and curry ? She does. Does
father
your
my silk hat
or yours <
He neither buys mine or yours. buy
Is her brother
now reading her letter or mine? He is
reading neither hers
nor yours. Does your sister eat this rice
or that ?
She eats
neither this rice nor that.
Does this man eat anything good ?
Yes, he eats my brother's good rice.
Are you putting Jn my
ring or my sister's? I am now putting on my sister's. Are
you
this
man's
buying
I am neither buyinopig or buying mine ?
his
nor yours
Are you bringing my box or theirs? I am
p,g
Is your brother
ringing both.
killing me or my father? He
is
killing neither you nor your father.
What do you eat and
I neither eat nor drink.
Are you using both this old
man s new knife and his pen : Yes,
(I) am using both. Does
this young man sell or
buy ? He neither sells nor buys
18
SIXTH
Circle
<^
Child
}-3
(to drink)
Coffee
Both
(as a building)
House
or
e)<35
<
(of persons)
<8
There
am
t>
Either
Home, house
V
Live (exist)
Live (dwell)
Girl
Tea
SeQ or
(for the finger)
l
other ring) >r
ce, (any
v . -x
<--TN -_f _ ir\
Ring
Boy
s.'Kf cs
ef)-3i
selling
new hat
Is he
&O
either this or
mending
that?
He is mending neither
Do you kill neither the
nor the horse
I
kill
Do
pig
g
C
neither
they live at
home?
88 Qc83
father's
'
house P
No, but the
NB
I.
e QcS:)
girl does
The words 88
II.
is
When
it
as:
by
cp
EXERCISE.
Are you taking home neither my good horse nor his large
pig ? I am taking home neither but I am bringing the good
;
chair.
thing.
does your father bring ? He does not bring anyDoes his sister mend neither his hat nor his coat ? No,
What
19
hisP
coffee ?
wear ?
a very
at
your
sister's
house ?
I write
it at
SEVENTH LESSON.
Work
Work
Play
Play
)ie5,
(s)
pi.
>es(33
A little,
a few
Some one
S)jS33>,
25)355,
Shoe
Shoemaker
^od
/6s8,
eaSeposssi
or other
<p<s>e53ca#3003
'
The carpenter
Qj.9
6^eo(33-25)d'^5D0D
(s)
eastoe)^ ooS)c3.
Learn
iSJsjtfOTSto
(v)
home.
35)8di,0<55,
5)
3S8^><55, C5@^<355
Do you
I do both
drink a
Does the
much
I eat a
little
and
G^<s>9
little
carpenter
work
Who
)i)
^o0o5c3335
(3>i)
it
live
at
your
55)gdiS)<35
-ea<5#3cX>:
555
20
Yes
some one
at
lives
my
Do you
N.B.
&&$
@(s3
e^etf fi
a)p,5>c5i<gi)3J
stfcwexri
brother's;
Nco<<5
@><3
*
f3)
to
c5<3s^eos)3 corresponds
does (to) write."
few neu: nouns contract the final cs into &
but <s?~
to
t e)c3
JCfceDcs, -<^S;
I.
"
.fife
II.
>i)
though
>z,(^!D
makes
>j.S)>5.
EXERCISE.
Does my little
? Yes, he does both.
brother eat curry ? Yes, a little. What is the carpenter doing?
He is making a beautiful box and a large chair. Does your
Who learns
sister learn much ? No, she does not learn much.
much ? My brother and I. (Say SHE? eo^saJ^tfcsS
8.) Do
do not both play much but I play
you both play much ?
much. Does he either learn anything at school or play ? He
What work is this old ahoelearns a little and plays much.
maker now doing ? He is not doing any work now ; but his
brother works a great deal.
Who learns anything good ?
brother and my sister. Does any one work at home ? Yes, the
blacksmith works at home. Does any one learn at your brother's
We
My
? Yes,
you and I learn. Does this little child eat much ?
eats a great deal. Does your brother play much ? No, but
he learns and works a great deal. Does the blacksmith work
and play at your father's? Yes, he does both at
father's.
school
He
my
at my mother'* ?
Yes, you and your
brother learn there. Does any one play at the shoemaker's ?
No one plays there ; but some one eats and works there. Who
works and eats there ? The shoemaker and mason. Does
any
one live at my sister's ? Yes, either your or our sister lives
there. Does any one do
?
work
I
do
a
deal
at
Yes,
any
great
the blacksmith's.
EIGHTH LESSON.
Book G\2DD
Hand
epS)
Chair aSIQ
Women
pi.
ep<s5
Child
a SI
Infant
>0Q^
3
pi.
O3S)co.
Box
29c3,
Man
sg^ascsa,
pi.
egss^osJ
Fathers B^sSdj,
Mothers ^pDSogD,
Horses Cjfed8@\c3j
The
(^oSS
pi.
Brothers
Sisters
gOcSj,
Pig 8
<3Mjd<SD (or
>cft<5>33#3) epeoB
live at home
eat a great deal of
Do you
sugar ?
I eat a
little salt
Do you make
Are you
a few pens?
spoiling the
work
I do?
Do you
paddy ?
you selling the horse
which eats grass?
Are the masons who build
Are
N.B.
The
contrac
or
EXERCISE.
I
sugar which
my
I write
sugar
father buys.
Do
No, I
grass.
you eat the rice
22
you bringing a little salt? I am bringing a great deal. What
Do you
are you bringing ? I am bringing the books I read.
buy the pens which this man sells ? Yes, I buy a few. Are
you spoiling the house which these men are making ? No, I
am breaking the boxes they make. Do the horses which you
bring home eat grass at home ? No, those horses eat paddy at
home. Does the large horse which eats paddy work much ?
He eats a great deal of paddy, but he does not work much.
Do
the
sell
soap at
who
live at
coats sell
all,
it.
Do
caS)a3.
Do
"
C)
Bell
Vrites
eJD\,
063
^coE)^^ c* 8
C^ 8c33
6C3S3 &&) or
6C33 #03
tea
loams very
little.
He
do you
am
live ?
but
fes thek
wl
re
my
Q^S-^ f
Ss>5 o^a
brother
going to
*r
my
father's
99
C
43030^33
@N)
00
wJ
3
23
No, I wear
of
brother's (those
brother)
he eat only his
Does
He
my
my
N.B.
I.
rice ?
2=3
own
when
own
own
-25)(^<2Qrf
eg
D3@\cd
^>3
e3eo5
self
3rd sing:,
II.
pi. SDg^d.
dative termination is Q, added, in the masculine
and feminine plural, to the accusative.
The ablative, genitive and dative plural of nouns neu
are formed by adding &Q&3, &Q and QQQ respectively to the shortened form of the singular, as:
The
III.
their
EXERCISE.
you
women eat only rice ? They eat both rice and curry. Do
your children wear the clothes which these children wear?
They do not wear the clothes which these children wear they
wear their own. Which large rings do you wear ? I wear those
which you use. Does your brother eat much of the bread
which he makes ? No, but he eats a great deal of that which
the baker makes.
Where does your old father now live ? He
Does your old father who lives at home go to
lives at home.
school ?
He does not go to school now ; but his children who
Do your little brothers who go to school learn
live here go.
any lessons ? They learn many. Do these men who are mending this chair eat much? They eat a great deal ; but their
;
little
little.
Where
is
that
little
boy,
who
is
who
24
TENTH LESSON.
Commit
to
A week ggStoeojasrijOc
The dayq>oo
memory
And
To-day
<35-<55 or eo2S-<35 or
<
%$
At least one
About
or
He
He
is
is
letters
Are
Am
I learning
my
lessons just
now?
You are
No, he
is
committing
difficult
breaking anything ?
not now either breaking
am
or mending anything
If so (then) what are you do-
ing?
present, indeed, I am
(busy) talking and reading
For the
I
am mending and
is
reading and
writing
Does he not eat even one a day ?
He
"
a
breaking
_^
cS3
25
II.
III.
@c55
EXERCISE.
Am I
now
thing a week
ELEVENTH LESSON.
^s^ss^c^OdS- 33)c3.
Perfectly
Many, much
Write
Well
(Inf.)
@cse59, or
Can you
write ?
I can
Can the cook make anything
He
can
Can
this horse
p<)>^
?
<S^-25)D^Soo30
g)0
It can, but
I can read
it
run well
does not
many
g))<
or
.<^i) ep edScsoQ
,"10
to-day
Can our
Can our
teacher go anywhere ?
g<))>33, eg|}<35
<n
26
Sometimes he can, but not
now
No, I cannot
and your
What
can you do
8>
N.B.
I.
or where
that (sSc33.)
EXERCISE.
? Yes, I can. Can the carpenter
drink both wine and coffee ? Yes, he can drink both. Can your
Can these horses eat much ?
teacher read well ? Yes, he can.
Yes, they can. Can our servants learn much ? They can learn
much, but they cannot work much. Can these pigs eat much
paddy ? They can, but they cannot eat much' grass. Can you
work well ? I can, but I do not. Can these boys sell many
books ? Yes, they can, but they do (sell) not. Can the cook do
anything ? Yes, he can make rice and curry. Can he go any
where now ? He cannot go now ; he is cooking rice and curry.
Can you go home to-day ? I cannot go to-day I am working
Can you sell anything ? Yes, I can, but I do not. Can
here.
old father cannot now read
your father read many books ?
much. Can you come to our house to-day ? No, I am going
Can these girls go anywhere ?
to my sister's house to-day.
Can you eat my rice and your
Yes, they can go to school.
own? No, I can only eat my own. Can you run well sometimes ?
No, I cannot run at all. Can your little boy run?
Yes, he can run to school. Can you go to that place ? No, but
I can come to this place. Can you do any work to-day ? I can.
He can work well. Can you sell my father's house, and your
own house? Yes, I can sell both my father's house and mine.
Do you sometimes buy many rings, and pens, and coats, and
books ? Yes, I sometimes buy many.
Can you
My
TWELFTH LESSON.
Clean g))ss)tf3QD
Wash
Wash
>eeJ<5#D0;)
G<Q3t&Q&
Meat
of
Pork
,*)3ie
|
cos)c3.
Beef
Mutton
Thing, a thing
<3\<* }
27
Can you
my
father reads
Our
the
0335
first
<*0
60^6
read
and write?
;
but you
g
25
mine
(or
Can you
neither
I can either
work
or play
(*Q
e5
9
EXERCISE.
my
friend's horse.
We
28
children drink ?
They can only drink a little tea.
teachers teach the lessons which we can learn ? Yes,
they can teach the things which you can learn. Which lesson*
can the teachers teach ? They can teach the fourth (and) the
fifth ones.
Can these old women learn the sixth (and) seventh
lessons which I am learning ? No, they cannot learn lessons at
all.
Can you (both) kill and eat the large pigs which I buy ?
Yes, I can kill pigs, and eat pork. What meat can you eat ? I
can eat both beef and mutton. What clothes is that man now
wearing ? He i& wearing yours and mine. Can you learn the
eighth (and) ninth lessons which I am teaching? (I) can.
these
little
Can our
Sew
Say,
credit
ooS)c3.
Know
9ee3C3
Know, recognise
tell
More
One more
5)3
Believe(religious-
(of persons)
Another
Where do you
live?
I live
anywhere
Do you live nowhere ?
I live somewhere
How many
lessons can
wojj<jjc>JS3<i-;2
oeea
or
you
say?
I can say only one
Can he
How
believe
what
I say
Q^
I can-
am
Can you
N.B.
I.
The comparative
)>
is
expressed
ig)0
by
)\
ab preceded by
5)3;
co
EXERCISE.
nowhere eat
at
my
rice
brother's house.
;,
FOURTEENTH
Three men
You, Sir
A few hats
These three
i)
men
Those few
00 <35
Four books
Those four
books
(as these)
(as those)
One
One
One
Where
ccs
hats
So many
<
(thing)
(animal)
(person)
635)355
cssiO
30
I can go to a place to which
you cannot
where I am
Do you know
working ?
Can you eat
much
as
as I ?
Can
many books
I read as
as
he can ?
You cannot read so
many
as
he
Can you
as large
take
horse as I ?
>g)3
5} 6
,i)Q
os)<JDcoej3
epeaSc&D
&&3S35$
<3^3<35
zs&
Do you
G<3^O><sJ <?be&c))<55
(time)
Can you
ever, sir?
No, but I can eat a
fishes
N. B.
and a
I.
few small
little
bread
II.
is
word
as much as
in apposition to
takes
it.
such as
S}(^ed
implies a somewhat
servants,^.;
^Dg-so^rosjG^ is used to the higher
classes
)>2Def^ to persons in
^generally, and
higher grade
is
who
EXERCISE.
Where
is
this old
81
FIFTEENTH LESSON.
but I can
6255355 0<55
3(3
(^55538
c^
COW
33
3<>
8cs3
Sto
8
Or
SIXTEENTH LESSON.
Must you go to school
to-day
my
to
bro-
coa58
ther's
What must
this
boy do ?
ec83 Z5)(5&3d
233??
He must
do what I say
I must
do ?
No, but they must do something else
eox.,
-355
a5
33
e^x >3
34
much
Must we read
We
must
write
8*
they
more than
y U
Can vo u ^y^more
than I
lessons
many
I cannot say so
Must you
live
as
you
where I live?
Must you
else
N. B.
I.
3f
3Qs
Of
S3 :>>)}
the forms
the perfect participles
05)3,
,
a negative,
and
II.
The
?
EXERCISE.
Must you do something now ? Yes, I must work now.
What must these men do? They must go home. Must you
go
to
sister's
house
must
to
my
sister's
35
You must
school or stay at
Hold
2nd
ersonss)
oaS)c8.
conversation
Truth
falsehood
Fact
Talk, speak
To-morrow
Why
Because I cannot go
at
home ?
to school
much more
Why
do you eat
than I ?
He
does.
Why
Because we can
is
all
that
all
the books to
all
here
Must he
it
"
Sta&aaSK&l)
<5\00<55
read well
and works
Must we send
you?
little
*%& ScS(;52'sjQ
S^SM^C)
36
N. B.
and S)J25)a
ofrf
I.
are of
all
declined thus:
Gen:
Dat
Abl
:
II.
6eo8
is
EXERCISE.
your brother's house ? Because I
Why must you
can go nowhere else. Why cannot you go to school to-day ?
Because I cannot say my lessons Why do you not learn your
I do learn them sometimes.
lessons ?
Why does the schoolmaster flog us all ? Because you do not learn your lessons.
Can a pig eat much more than a man ? It can eat much more.
Why must I talk much more than you? Because you know
much more. Why must we give all these women sugar ? BeCan you read all the books which
cause they all work well.
the schoolmaster gives you ? Yes, I can read them all.
Why
must you send him a horse ? Because he sends me a great
many good things. Must I send all the pigs to our house ?
You must only send a few of them to our house Where must
you send all his sugar to P I must send it all to the little children who live at your house. Must they eat it all ? They
must eat only a little to-day and a little to-morrow. Must I
You must. Why? Because he
believe all this man says?
Do all men tell the truth? All do not tell
tells the truth.
the truth: some persons tell lies.
Must I talk much with
you all ? You must not talk much to us. Why ? Because
you do not know much. What do you know ? We know
more than we can tell you. Who gives you anything good ?
My father. Must you send me to your father's house ? I
must send you because I want some books. Do you want all
the books my father reads ? No, I only want a few 01 them.
Why do you wish to read all those books ? Because I wish to
stay at
learn much.
e*08<9 cjoSScs.
EIGHTEENTH LESSON.
Understand (neu.)
Qo, (act.)
<3\ts5(*<5&>
Hear (neu
<sJ<3,Derfco2)o
much En-
(act )
Give ear
qpl
<^o^
<Q
S3J52;>Q
ea6
Sosa^
>dMBv5>89
9 <g<9
ees>
CDS)
e)3j
37
^gf^
well
Do you
in English ?
Yes, I understand these easy
sentences
Do
speak too
glish
much
Must
En-
in
I always
in English
much
as
speak
to
you
You must
speak in a
always
language I understand
do
What
you want?
I want (or need)
many
things
or
Do you
Must
^
or
C*
EXERCISE.
Why
38
Do you want
He never does
How
both kinds.
many
oneVself) f*ga5
What do you want (or wish)
to
)3D
*?cee)(3;
S)tffc)
do?
which I am using ?
Does he wish to speak English with me ?
wants to speak
He
with
many
besides
English
other
persons
you
Can
many
Do you
others too
say ?
I
e>3a)co.
epi 6
to
speak
to
speak
ccx
6^333
("all)
-2S3xi
^^^
Do
you wish
to
take
home
O
Must not each boy bring
own books to school ?
his
(not
his
own
555-855)
Must be
N.B.
I.
must be used.
EXERCISE.
many
TWENTIETH LESSON.
Enough
Insufficient
^1^8
Too much 9i
|
Receive
QiS)>&>
Do
much
What
do you wish
me
to do ?
$g
Employment
Dd
SJ5) QSfo
5g>oeo
-355
^tfsDStoO
40
wish to write a letter
Do you
your friend?
No,, I wish him to write to
c ^
1
*Ox,
8$^
i3<;?
SL
25)i@o3c3
me
To whom are you writing to-day? 6
I
SjcsDO
%8&5d C
to
am
writing to
my
all
to
my
father's
eod3c>
8c3D<3>cd
H,
N.B
day
e20$<*9
S>6
ScOD
employment
friends every
Seed
<Kf
gcS3 SSSD)3
^esScSD
csD
Do you
QCSJ c?S.si
friends
q$
eoxe,
S)J
&r$*d
(or
frcwcscdt)
G0 6^^
<
The forms
I.
final,
and
or like
II.
Q gd03,
tS,
cs^>i5
is
EXERCISE.
Do
these children eat rice and curry enough ? They do not eat
enough rice and curry, but they eat too much sugar. Do their
parents wish them to eat so much sugar? No, they wish them
to eat more bread and beef. Do you wish me to wash as many
clothes as your servant ?
I wish you to wash more than he,
because you can wash well ? Do you wish these carpenters
to go to work at your father's house ?
No, I wish them to
come to work at my house. Can you teach these horses to run
well ? Yes, I can teach pigs also to run well.
can teach
Who
you
to do
Do
We
day
Yes, they
every
us to do so. Do your brothers
every day ? Yes, they come home
much wish
school
-11
letters.
Quite
When
80,
spoil
Spoil, damage
Whilst
Do damage
Kill (right o
Tear
Tear up
Break down
Smash up
The
am
glad, pleased
(of a garden)
cce, (of a
like
it
(them) at
all
Do you
like
anything which I
like?
I like nothing which you like,
Sir
Do you like to go to church
when I go ?
Yes, I always like to go to S)g,
church
(5
Do you like to read whilst the
minister
No, I
is
preaching
like to listen
when he
(cp<3)<5)
is
preaching
Do you
ney
to
this house?
I do, for this boy often loosens
the nails of the doors
N.B.
5tf,K>to
58 3 jsitfioSoO ^>L-^S, &c., are the adjective construction, grammatically equal to <33<5-2>D C<S3
^S, a(5) 6>J558 ^n.-658, &c., and may be used
also in the ablative case, as:
42
EXERCISE.
Do you
like
mutton,
Sir, or
beef?
U>
you always
like rice
goes
me,
Does he
when
Who
TWENTY-SECOND
LESSON'.
A piece of cloth
A piece of my coat
Ask
Ask
83$^ ojca.
30?
for
.*535b
He
is
not here
Is he a bad man ?
He is a very tall man
Is this a book or a box ?
is neither.
It is a piece of
It
wood
Is this a (the) horse oran(the)ass?
ac\eeJ
q?eee)ceoe
or
It
is
am your
It is a pig
neither.
friend
and your
^*ojS
i)S)
brother
Are you
a carpenter
5)^ed
and black-
Are you
smith
I
am
a carpenter or a black-
neither.
N.B
I.
II.
The
am
53
and
Where
5D
S5C?eDbq
53S^33
&; ?
a doctor
Q-.35 or <f,-u<3
($6)
es
f)E)z,S<35
<3J
eo:g.
C-sSD
CgccaS)
xT<^5ct>5 SSe
?
))@-,)<S5N^
8f))JS5j
To be " (something)
and
IV.
coming.
2g:*<scsci}
is
a contraction for
SD2cC5s5S.
Vide
2.
EXEKCISE.
your father ? He is at home. Do you need to
Is the schoolmaster
see him ?
Yes, 1 much wish to see him.
He is neither at school nor at home
at school or at home ?
he is at my father's. Is the boy who learns so well now here?
Xo, but why do you ask ? Because I wish to give him a book.
Are your friends where you are ? No, they are there. Is he
vour brother or your father ? He is neither my brother nor my
father; he is my servant. Is he not your schoolmaster ? No,
Is this a very good boy ?
our minister.
Sometimes he is a
very good boy, but frequently he is a very bad boy. Is that
man who is coming a very bad man ? Xo. he is a very good
It is as large as
Is this a big box or a small one ?
little man.
Where
is
TWENTY-THIRD LESSON.
Is there a
who
in
room
is
very
room
this
good ?
No, all the things in
must be very bad;
for this
speaks English
this
room
damp and
dark
Is this
No,
much
it is
It
@.'qfiq cftfssO
deep
My
If this
is
the prettiest
dog,
?cd
eto
C*>
buy it
dQ
I
So <^C
smaller
always
buy
the
prettiest
things I can
$3<3)<5
Tell
N.B.
C*sta
C5<fia^
C3^e)
.C33d8
6n
,55^
^CSD
The
positive degree is frequently used where comparison is implied, without either 85)3 or
<gS)3, to express
the comparative and
QsSed @><J53
superlative as,
SD3et c3 Of these, this is best.
:
EXERCISE.
Is there
any one at
sons at our house
your house
?
Yes, there are many perare they ?
They are our friends.
there any one there besides
your friends ? Yes, there is also
a man there whom I do not
know. Are there
in that
Who
any boys
How
box.
is
in
my
Do you
shop
think this
beautiful
is
very
G\W
Does he say
beautiful
obtain ?
this is the
article
Ask him
it is
we
most
can
not true.
again
worse
e fc
Q
D(5".355
C3"^
@.25) <3)3
8 &&>\,
This^is
(for) I
33GJ
*<s>
85)3
(^
CK>
46
N.B.
I.
(value) efscd
II. efi^S
is
adjectives: a?,
eyed
child.
(eel)
to
<2a
Which
EXERCISE.
1
Yes, it is a very bright and
-Are
valuable table.
Yes, it is very bright and valuable.
Yes, the
there many very valuable things in your house
more valuable than I can tell. "Which
things in our house are
This which I am now
is the most valuable article in our shop
shewing you, Sir, is the smallest and most valuable. Does he
not think this coat very small?
No, he thinks it too large;
Do you believe that this is
but I think it is too small.
smaller than it
No, I believe that this is much larger than it.
If your knives are better than ours, bring them.
They are not
Is this house the
better than yours, but they are brighter.
?
No, it is the smallest. Do you wish to
largest of these six
buy the lowest house you see ? No, I want to buy the highest
Do you say this is the smallest horse you can obtain ?
house.
AYhieh is
Yes, we cannot obtain a smaller horse anywhere.
the tallest boy of these fourteen.
They are all very tall, but I
think the boy who is reading is the tallest.
I>ring, it' you can,
the best goods which are in the shop, for I wish to give someIs this the strongest tiling
thing very valuable to my friends.
Is this table
very valuable
''.
':
'(
?
No, I can make many things .-t rouge r than
If I wish you to bring the worst horse, can you do so ?
If you tell me, Sir, I can bring both the worst and the be.-t.
Is every thing he says true ?
No, some things he says are false.
This table is very long; but is there not a longer ? for nwnv
are coming to dinner.
I must take the longest you have in
your shop, therefore give it me now. Does your father think
that walking-stick is better than this ?
Yes, he thinks this is
that.
me
Is this old
little
thirsty;
water
man sleepy
or tired
*3x,
^gJ
6>
^^Sxf
esS; 0^(58^55-555
?
>KV
^cw)
<r
0OJ
8cs^
47
He
is
How
Because he says he
and tired
is
sleepy
is
hun-
this is
right
gry
I
know he
Tell
or
is
hungry
me whether
ag0
G'lj-zn
9 9 ^^>2o)j
Qitf^q cScSD
>c8<^
^8^
wrong
am
He
is
he rides;
but I am able to walk farther
than he can ride
X. B.
I.
II.
^4rf
If the Conjunction that, introduces a quotation or opiI say that, think that,
nion, C&CS3 must be used, e. q.
)) must be used, e. g.
I know that,
&c.; otherwise
I perceive that, it is evident that.
<25>S)
ness,
g}$0s5<2a
ableness.
^(^iSpa^^^p^SJ
kindness.
EXERCISE.
hungry
am not
because there
is
thirsty because
no
\\ater.
Why
wrong ? Because you do not ask him. Can you tell whether
he is hungry or not ? How can 1 tell ? Ask him. I do not
require to ask him I know that he is both hungry and thirsty.
Tell me whether this work which 1 am doing is right or wrong.
;
48
If you shew
it
spoil
it
when
me
I can tell
shew
it
whether
you.
it is
Do not
good or not
what
to ascertain
these
men
Who
TWENTY-SIXTH LESSOX.-9BK)sr9d3
How
old are
you
am twenty-one
C&SD
ooi}S)cs.
Scses
months old
How
am
tall
are
you
five feet
e?S
a half high
How much
It
is
is this
horse worth?
him
Tell
make
to
this
C*> es(3<3c3<5S?0<35
D5) ^Qjfc^cfe)
very
>3&rad
5\.
e '^^s^tf
53
csaoed
What
do
^mtist
obtain some
Work
must do
and
daily
in order
money
to
""
<
4tS5c55Q
for
hourly
your living
tan you
'
^Q
rice
,3)0
interchangeable in Singhalese,
EXERCISE.
is not a book ?
How can I
?
Do you not know that if there
can
read
it?
you
Though you believe what I say
you do not do it, Though this book is' better than
yon
not so good u* mine.
1
hough this is the
hat
read
is
if
there
is
not
there
book
a letter
largest
there-
is
in
49
Is this horse very old ?
It is
his shop it is not large enough.
Are you older
fifteen years three months and a few days old.
am
not very
tall.
What
whom
TWEXTY-SEYEXTH LESSON.
Occasion
(s)
&>>, tt^rf^co
Indigent
ede<5Jf
Was my
It
Pitiful, destitute,
comfortless
@C3D3)
serf
ODCS.
9Sco<3te.e><S
-c3c5
Was
I at
at school?
You were
jivas
e33nJ<3.cJ C*"^
e>)
all at
home
whilst I
O^tf fiScOXJ
fi385sJ<;*c5
j\9^
at school
Was
S3
man
33
&>\,
in
&$i
6*535 <5
&QceDi<3? S)ra
?c
Was
geo&)-9
?
C^^ &
BScs
edc-33
*"
Were
(9
home
there
and many
When we
many workmen
tools there
many
<-b!?.SDJ
ceJ
f ei0a5
@o53j
50
Was
the book
^ccS
ce)
Yes, it A?as;
a good book too
It was a good one, but
good now
(or
6K30C3
.5
OO5J
it is
not
$<Xfl
e*)q
6&4
i* $i&3
<9fj)*33,
^T.
EXERCISE.
Was
It was at home.
?
He was somewhere. What
your ass anywhere yesterday?
was there in the boxes when you were there ? There
Was the article which was there very valuable ? It
nothing.
Where was my
horse yesterday
We
''.
TWENTY-EIGHTH LESSOX.-88f08^3
Before
(loc:
csJ,
c5.
Do
gov: ace:)
First (tern:)
oe3>Qf.
know you do
sdestfO.
was a
week
cQcs
g3^5^c5
ssoc;
believe
that
mending something
was
S>
c6J
cs
S>
6b>S3:f
ecc<& 8Scs>9 C
as your father
says
Do you
cj
51
I
I was
iS
6ed
here
He
You
d0
(or
<s:0DC3 eScso
(3)
3@>d
cScs
29
you work ?
Were you a good scholar before coming here ?
@cS
5)3<stfi
eatin
i3>2oJ
8^3
rice
EXERCISE.
Does the schoolmaster know that this boy was playing whilst
you were learning your lessons ? I think he does not know it.
Do you know, Sir, whether he was ever able to work well ?
I know he was always able, but I think he was never willing.
Were there at this house many persons working last year ?
I think there were a few persons working here last year and
month. Do you think he drank tea whilst you were taking
sugar out of the box ? No, I know he was drinking tea whilst
I was eating rice.
Does he say there were some books here
last Wednesday ?
I do not know what he says ; you do as I
Do you say, Sir, the goods that were in this box last
say.
Monday were good ? I do not know whether they were good
or bad.
Were there ever any good men (people) here when
you lived in this street ? There were. Who were they ?
last
eating.
friends.
I think he did
52
TYTENTY-NIXTII LESSOX.
SSs3&8-fl
e)ocs.
csocs.
e
^c
<9c
6)3
8
SScsoce.
^4S
Da
,^c2^i0
<JiJC(?8
l(5<2a^5 ^4ai033:J 43QDQoc8,
c
ffl3
53
G ^^
>S^ ?
e^^
c6a?csO
coca
Qe)
'
csi)
6
o
20
Cj
C3
^CC3
^
S*>a, O
^ o$@Q &>rf *>
erf
c5
.e8<?c8J
>
KOCJ e?c53d
eixsWS ^^SQ
<s>rfos.f
^ceos5
3<sx
man unable
work ?
to
He
Have you
a beautiful picture
1 have no picture at
Has
He
power-
machine?
e6<^5XrfQ
^: 3i@
.^03
c
(or
&L
03)
sS:i
tQ4dJ5(5oK)
09 cJe8c5
25^^(5^ DCS
Q See
C^
1
'"<
t^
scissors.
Have we
positively the
fruit
<S302> cjo
-c3<5Vci)<D):),
for
\\ithoutdoubttheyhave
Can we
obtain a good
telescope cf8
before we o ?
css^D0
^cdc3(5 @,K)De c
8j
cattle,
Sir?
eacc^' -^^
ca3cc.
<9afoe><fl
03
all.
fill
<>
c53x
8cw5fc
H)L^ Q
THIRTIETH LESSON.
Is this idle
^caD<s5
@.0s^os3
esi?9?
c3
<&
<rJ
55
K.B.
I.
When Have
signifies
EXERCISE.
Was this idle boy unable to learn his lessons? His brother
Were you
says he was unable, but I think he was unwilling.
When I was a little child I was unnever. unable to work ?
Were you unable ; but now I am able, because I am very old.
able and unwilling to learn before you came to this school ?
Though I was unwilling I was not unable. Have you anything
good ? Yes, I have some good eggs. Do you want a few, Sir ?
No, I want a little bread. Have you no bread ? I think not.
Have you nothing whatever good ? Positively I have nothing.
Has your brother a
If I have anything, Sir, you can take it.
The most
strong horse ? He has several very strong horses.
Though you have
powerful of them is a large black horse.
many things, positively^ you have nothing good. If you have
any very valuable machines show me them. Positively, we have
no more valuable a machine than a pair of scissors. How is
Has the scholar anything
Because we are tailors.
that?
more valuable than his books ? Nothing is so valuable to the
Has the shoemaker a large pair of shoes.
scholar as his books.
I know he has many pairs of large shoes
we can easily obIf we wish we can buy all
tain some of those which he has.
Were these oranges ever
that both he and his father have.
very nice ? Those oranges were never very (QiDo) nice: but
if you want a few nice ones, I can give before you
What
go.
can we obtain fit to eat in this miserable place ? This is not a
;
miserable place
you want.
all
THIRTY-FIRST LESSON.
Had you
a book yesterday
#dS
>$)
Q<&
<20o5?
&c60 <j}Z$&(5
Had
(ep|g80)
he anything to do before
breakfast?
.O33)J
-635}
56
--;:,,=,'""'"
Had you
a horse before us
Thdnonlyother
paper
il, but many
?>*
^a
and
things
^|||g
9
**
for
^esScS3<
anything to pay
>350
horse?
Q
<#
I had much 'trouble on your
(ess! sorrow) C.
account
<*
83 L Qte!
Indeed! I am sorry for it
Was I before you or behind you? S> c $?S8c>
Waa there
45Do?
-J=
this
C^
osted G<5X
90 B35*Q
cce^O
jail
N.B.
Q5
EXERCISE.
Had you
when my
anything good
last
week
before
I had nothing until last
breakfast ? Yes, I have many things to do before that time.
Had you then as many things to do as I ? When I was at \ o'ir
At
house I had every day more things to do than you.
what time do you write your letters? I write them
Had you ever the cattle which I had ? I never had the
three.
Had yoti much trouble
cattle which you had at that time.
to obtain the money at that time ?
Xo, for my friend was not
Had you ever anyunwilling to give me money immediately.
thing before me ?
Though I never had anything Ix-ioiv yon,
I had at that time many things in your presence.
If these children had books, why did they not read them ? Because they
did not like to read them before us.
Do you say that they not
only had books, but also that they were unwilling to read them?
I say not only that, but many other things also.
Do you pay
the shoemaker for this pair of shoes?
I had to pay for them
before bringing them home.
Was there much to pay fur these
father's
1<
before writing ?
No, the ink
the letters.
Tell him to do
him to do it. If you cannot,
that ?
Yes, on your account
was
all
immediately.
THIRTY-SECOND LESSON.
Did you once
live
with your
relatives?
,)
8(5-355
053
num-
Qos.SDJ"
3<555
8 ceo
Did he
that
kill
man
(^JD z^^cs*^
C^0 638c53<^
|^\/
e?g(5i<3
ssoD
35
,253<K)
you
myself mended the roof of
house
He paid me all he owed
this
Did you go
1
my
lessons
at
Did you
portant
more im-
than learning
my
lessons
Did
GD2O
33) o^i)0 8
csS)
ecs-asi
K.B.
I.
tlie same
Perfect participles are to be construed by
not auxiliary
tense and mood as, the principal
verb which closes the sentenceorelau.se,
e^g.:
&'
)<5i
<2>x>e3
II.
toK70*, &C.
EXERCISE.
Had you
once
many
relatives
friends.
What
do
?
I
any of the goods which the carpenter brought
but I bought again a few old
nothing but a little chair
which he took from our house. Did you eat at ten this morn-
sell
i:
THIRTY-THIRD LESSON.
Diligently
With
diligence
Break down
Tear up
Split up
Something wrong,
<
a fault
59
eat rice
now
am
or to bed
No, I was going to eat rice
and then going to work
I was going to write, but I
&3\.,
now
cannot
What am
I to do ?
I thought I told you
what
You
down the
to break
are
fence,
not to
and
tell
mend
it
to
^)-25$<333(33
0L^
&
do
0L
your brother
again
CSD0
How many
morning)
Tell
affair
I saw
N.B.
I.
II.
.ccDScs
(5D<5}2\>2)3
e?i
gQ^b
went,
III.
Sc8^;)3
sg
it is
is
so (?)
EXERCISE.
GO
Yes, I was going to write a
but I cannot
king about a very important aflair,
now. Were you going (cs<2O)3<^) to play when I saw you last
Sunday ? No, I was then going to church. Did he go to bed
whilst 1 was eating rice in the evening ? No, he went to work,
Were you not going
in order to obtain a little more money.
to tell me what I must do in order to mend the box which you
broke ? I was going to tell, but you did not pay attention.
other important matter,
Sir
letter to the
THIRTY-FOURTH LESSON
One book
One (and
6.33
O3i
the
same) book
The only book
<8aJcoS3tfQi3
The (or
6-255
I was working
very diligently
when he came
33
dsaoaaDQ
a e5>3e.Q<35
c3
1 was taking of several
persons
who do not wear their own
C3rfcsS
clothea
rp ,
tie
talking,
and
8cc
>
,203 555(5*3
303
pi
S9
61
Two
whom
I know,
who were
persons
who
writing here
Three persons
e*g2O<r<3o:.f),
C3>
)33
<3c5@c5
and
Four
selves)
affairs
thing
which
break or
Is
D(5S
q$?
else spoil ?
2O3.2aCf.25D c3<85i
Qtf-es?iSO<5*a3i)-5i
there anything which he cDog
c^2D33><55 -20^ -63
neither spoils nor breaks?
25) S)
oz.>5)3$
SD
N.B.
I.
455
<s>i
gc3
c^-Q
If the negative
<2OD precedes a verb which commences with a vowel, the vowel of the @>33 generally
as,
merges into that of the verb, and lengthens it
:
II.
It
is
first
as,
as,
He
He
V. See Lesson
VI.
epiCD,
10,
N.B.
II., III.
ef L-59,
principal
as
EXERCISE.
Two
62
'
and talking at the same time. Were they talking either about
with you and me.
you or me? No, but they were talking both
They were telling me of twenty men who built twenty
washed their clothes. The
(for themselves)and in that same year
man who believes nothing which any one says, who speaks
with no one, knows nothing, and who never does anything good,
was, at the same (>5S)) time, eating rice and looking at a book.
Twelve persons who did not come, who did not speak, and who
did not see us, were at that very place spoiling, and breaking,
and stealing all our goods. The man whom you did not
who was at home writing letters, took away the only book there
was here.
Was he showing you that same book when he
Is there a man in this
entered? Yes, that very same book.
world who never eats, nor drinks, nor thinks ? There are many
persons who do not think much or do much.
!)
THIRTY-FIFTH LESSON.
Seek
Meet,
Does
C30C83333
s&oaSQ&
ea?,c5.
find
belong to the
this
Did you
find
seeking
man
here?
<5iD-.5a
csS)}O
gentleman
qg
I began to think
it
was
ccg?a^ ?
lost
ti&ss
he does not
finish
Does he think of
of that
:o<5J3cMc)
jQ
e33cc@5 SScs 6J5>C$)0
finishing this
6lS
&
Di49&e33CB ScSD
<>
C6
SDcg -63eg
saCfedO
q(5&> Qz*QQ
,^55
23
q9aS^
(jj.(SQ)
'
(or
^8*303
^oSoO)
cq
63
1 told
to do
S 80555 ^
<orferJ0 (or <!5><5edO
anything hastily
I fasted
N.B.
till
63<35><5t
6>S23C3
tsocCD
-C^oCjO
XS)C& (or
O5
extremely hungry
The
gen
@,C55
e.
D<53
rj.,
generally ambiguous:
The son of me who said this,
C-egcsj.
case
is
-eS|}
EXERCISE.
whip belong to this man before' he entered your shop ?
I do not know whether it belonged to him or not before he
Did you think he
I saw him enter and take it.
entered.
Did
this
what you did. Did you see me saying a lesson at school ? Yes,
I saw you open a book and say two.
Did any one see this
child steal anything after entering the school ?
Though none
saw him steal, we know, he did steal. What belongs to the
man you saw going home ? Nothing ever belonged to the man
you met. Did you meet a horse which belonged to this gentleman last year? 1 met several horses which never belonged to
him.
Did you ever find anything you never sought ? I once
found an article which I never sought. Tell him, instead of
sitting there he must find the article which was lost this mornIs he beginning to be a good boy now ?
I think yes.
ing.
Did you ever finish anything which you never began ?
can 1 ever finish anything which I never began ? Are you
going to ask anything more ? No, instead of speaking I wish
to give ear.
Did you think of finishing that work before going
to bed ? No, I thought of beginning it after supper.
Did you
think of playing instead of working after he came ? Yes, and
we thought of learning our lessons before he came (or comes).
Did you run much after I sat down (or had sat down)? I ran
until quite tired.
What was he seeking until I began to speak?
Instead of seeking anything he was sitting until you spoke.
Instead of fasting he ate a large quantity of rice.
He did not
begin to drink until very thirsty. Did he work well until you
How
64
I think lie did, but I am not .certain (
Does any one know to
not certainly know.
do
<K>\)
whom this hat belongs which I have on ? 1 es, it belonged to
me until you bought it, (and) now it belongs to you, docs
and I came
or, I
not
I think yes
(it
does).
THIRTY-SIXTH LESSON.
I have done that work
He
come here
I have taken the coat you have
worn so much
have eaten the rice and
broken the plate
Pie has spoken to him, and I
have torn his hat
<|
e3D
,5)
f_\^
-a.
1TC7\ ^^
-25X5
.
*.
^pt^f^f)
5)
*V-*^P3^i>^.
We
Have they
told
to
happened
*dQ
(or O|)<5rf0)
o-s^ sScCD
<3$3,<;?
to settle their
affairs
Has
my
hand
often beaten
me with a stick
Have you eaten anything
I
came
What
s.crf
since
bought?
He has gone home.
He has gone, and is at home
Have
either
him
at
9-55 S)
q WC5D>SJ
You have
^ eDx,
now
N.B.
The
in English,
some
parti-
65
II.
The
is
present,
as:
>
cStfteJ
an^DSotf *96>.K>SD;
^6)^6)3.
#>2Ob
III.
is
never arbitrary.
1st.
2nd.
nues) asking*
expresses the state of the oft/ecl of the
verb, or the mere fact that an action has been per-
<9S))o
formed,
ob
e.
g.,
cg
>L
S> 455tf
<SQ?>3
(Here
83
V. The
difference
3cso, and
6>i 5)453(5"
EXERCISE.
Have you done what I told you to do ? I finished it yesterHas he written the letter I told him to write ? I think
day.
he has written it and gone home. Have I not often told you,
Have you told your father about
saying, do not eat so much?
that important aftair ?
He has not asked me about it. Has he
told you that your brother has gone home ?
He has not yet
said anything to me either about that or anything else.
Have
Yes, we began this morn} ou not yet begun to do that work ?
What have you eaten to-day ? I have eaten
ing at school.
nothing yet, but I drank a little coffee at school this morning.
Have you done anything since you did this yesterday ? I have
r
66
rice
THIRTY-SEVENTH
In
Around
Into
Still,
Steel
.More
The world
Deceive
Fly about
yet
<jj<y,
<->.'-/'^j
Q<8 f oQ@.eK>>3
Has
road
there been a hole in this
Has
box?
No, but there has been a large
pit in this garden
Has there, ever been a bird in
this cage ?
Has an
Has an
have done
qn<s5
053^1^3
(of persons)
injurious
67
"\Vherehaveyoubeento?
fiscysDc> (or
Q or s-jao^erf)
Q e?d 803^
c
tf <?
#ci d5eKc5
EXERCISE.
Have you been a good boy to-day ? I have been a good boy
but since then I have done something very
to-day at school
Were there never any dangerous men in the world ?
bad.
There have been many dangerous men in the world ; for there
have always been thieves, and liars, and other such men in the
Have you ever been hungry after dinner (after eating
world.
;
jail
me
THIRTY-EIGHTH LESSON.
Have you ever had
a cold
Has
comcom-
my
leg ?
he ever had a lame horse
plaint
4Sed^QQ<fl CD)CC.
He
but
(received) any-
to
do since
I went
away ?
What have you had
I came here ?
We have had
to do since
lock bandies
Have you written
since breakfast ?
anything
(am
perspiring)
made my-
self perspire
There
this
is
house
my
in this place
father
The
now
differ in
may
EXERCISE.
Have you ever had any old books ? I have never had
any
but new ones.
Have you had (received)
anything good to eat
since 1 came home, or did
you eat any thing good, &c.? Not only
have we had something
good to eat, but we have eaten it.
Have we ever had anything which did not belon^ to us ?
Yes,
69
THIRTY-NINTH LESSON.
J)id
that tribulation ?
I am still in trouble
That
is all
I wanted during
my
illness
a good boy
whilst in health
When I have
to return
become
so, I
wish
home
What
When
letter
<3cdeoc<*9*a ooScs.
When
week
a year?
@c83 <3g
(or
C
caj
<***
)<55
?Qe3^0, eo^ca^Q,
Q, q^cfzoq^S, (or
&c.) laSrf^sJs
<^0e3
tt<5
"
W.
dd
s5^<^ C
Nouns
EXERCISE.
away)?
Why
was
.s
FORTIETH LESSON.
Had you gone home
&&Qe$&
O3S)cs.
before I
came?
As
did not go
Aif soon
it
as they
1 tore
it
had written
5<25)
(or @cS3
-S^gs?) Cftt9c6
up
When
Had
og
e0
(or
2?3<^g>) ^)ej<55
C^cd
(or
oq
csDD-g^
fold)
Had
As he had been
so
ill
I said
_.,
valuable jewels
N.B.
caod'^i/^flO^DS'O
a
~ 33>
(or
gg2) 3 or 5-0
The
EXERCISE.
Had you
and
my
it all.
flogged you
you done
72
that
Had you
I had required
many
anything until
there had been some there, but I
previous to that? I think
with him previous to
had not seen them. Had any one lived
with him a long time, because he
that ?
My brother had lived
Had this boy ever been worse than
did not like to live alone.
he was then, and I
then ? No, he had never bSen worse than
bad
had determined to flog him well because he had been so
had often seen him
but his sister came and begged me not. I
the chairs, tearing up the books,
previous to that breaking
and stealing the pens, but I permitted him to do so until
he has done so much mischief;
you arrived, Sir. I am sorry
inI had often thought it was he who did it, previous to your
;
What now
not say (so) to any one.
forming me, though I did
I myself M\V
think we ought to do to him ?
do
you
((g^ed)
him breaking the things; therefore, I think we ought to
and tell him never to do so again. What do
flog him severely,
think it is good; go sin.
Hog him
you think of that, Sir ? I
him to me.
(and) afterwards send
I
FORTY-FIRST
C^C S5l3
e?
s^cd
".
^Sc33
Q
'0
i
ceS
x5
cj^
^o3
<*
<
acc
^caeooK) <S3
<3s> tt*4
'I3
e?8
sSaJ
ao&xa
d0
(^d
^^6^^^
FORTY-SECOND LESSON.
go (am going) to Colombo next week
I shall
You
will arrive
three hours
at
home
6^D g35DS,c5
cs303
in
The
?,)a
>
ef3 &;>S3C300
So
<^<5 ^5Dx
or
80<35S*50
<^^d
start
We
cg<5
z
3oae
OD5)cs
75
Does he think
that
sake me ?
Will not the
them
They
you
will for-
c^j
wolf frighten
<2flc63
<2rJ
the wolves
We shall
want nothing
for the
future
Shall you go to-morrow
&sQ
&i
q?O0
@!CoQ
shall
About
more or
From
N.B.
I.
II.
this
Sb^cd
less
time
Near Q&:
<S3D(3c5 86),
Concerning
@G3i.rfcOJ.
though
in
some
cases,
the simple
accusative
may
also
be
There are two forms for the future tense the verb
inflected, and the common present tense with the
See Lesson 44, N.B. II.
auxiliary efj.^.
:
EXERCISE.
I shall go to Kandy to-morrow, if my father comes to-day.
Where are you going next week ? I think 1 shall go to
I to do
brother's house, but I cannot say positively.
whatever he wishes ? Yes, do. Do you think that he will
start before you ?
He will start first, if I do not start very
Am
my
/o
"
iv in English.
the future
llS
tT/nl I te
If you run
away
FORTY-THIRD LESSON.
We
You
shall
wicked
punish the
Do YOU
shall)
I say I will do
You
shall do
wish or not
Shall he
He
4**^*****
*
(is
8j
it
<5^S)ocs
it ?
go out
to-
at all
q><S
do
it if I
csedO
wish?
I am determined they shall not
do anything
N.B.
I.
II.
will
<5
<5WSGOJ 8c>O
dS&ed 86J0 ^)x
O50 CS^Q 9
q8
or
8Q
g<5c)
f 8)
acC32tt)tf
^iqq
g5
Jfflj.^
^i<25
6>^dQ;
^
<s5>
do what we like
2Q-55
JS8
-SDtfsrfO
?
^fiQ-E? 6NDD^<5
?xcs ^cC3
25)0 CK>3
and I
S?i
wish
He
&
)D
shall
^jo
whether you
he to) go away
shall not
You
**
They
Po
will
<>5
83
-J^ca
(|^XSD83
%Q 255i^
<^
its
subject
<i"
77
sonietliing, as :
that (for you),
now go
I will
tVell,
I'll
do
(shall I ?) I will
do
it.
it.
EXERCISE.
Do
e^^Eb) but
Whom
We
We
FORTY-FOURTH LESSON.
Will you
want ?
I will,
if
tell
you
3>S$fcKJX?Q8 oocs.
me what you
will give it
me
Q<D
5<33
@^2O0D<DD
S>
(or
^es
<2bcte:f
(or
gd e?@d 5ii'^S)Q
or not
Q^
ceO<35
I hope
kind
you win be very
(or, less
shall
have to
formally,
QjQo (or
^8 acftWD Q
cs0<rf
S>f}^ **>
eft)
efoQ cDeox8<3
If I we, you, he, or they write
(or, will write)
Do you think he will do any-
N.B.
I.
II.
fQ,
O> CC>,
**?*%&
^ O
cs-3s5
me ?
for
thin
S>,
*9<*>
fi
The above
in the
arbitrary.
satf-soe);) eft 35 is used with the 1st
either that every idea of will or
person, it implies
intention is excluded from the verb for the time
of the 2nd or 3rd person
being, or, that the ide^i
as in many suboris transferred to that of the 1st
A. Where S3<^S or
dinate clauses;
ttf 39 tfiA
e.g.,
Where
B.
III.
EXERCISE.
Will you do anything to-day ? If you wish me to do anyWill he do anything we wish him to do? If
thing I will do.
it is a good thing, perhaps he will do.
If I give you a book
will you tell me what he said ?
If you will promise not to tell
1 Itanything, I will tell. What will he do if we do not go ?
says he will punish you very severely and I think he will do
so.
Will you do what I tell you, or not ? If you tell me kindly
I will do
What will uiir
otherwise, I will do nothing at all.
;
79
toucher do
if
we say we
will not
We
learn
same
lesson.
FORTY-FIFTH LESSON.
'
to, )
Contrary
Against
As
soon as
Habit
Behave
<5>3>6rcttfo,<6 ooS)c3.
9d"ii
Owner
9cTt)>
Various kinds of
Remember
|tfi<?$
What
am
ney
hope
home soon
S)
me a book and
here ?
I do not forget
it
I will, if
(or
fire
and
>o
<j5
80
forgive
if I
you ?
home
^iS*^
of # ^5
$3
e
l'
..
(3) eSX&Q
>6><5*>[0
<?^>
D**d
OCS^
<
O l f>5aQ SO g
You
N.B.
and
also,
I.,
and
lo-.-oii
IJii.
EXERCISE.
either
to
'i
member
am going
to tell
you
will
re-
We
We
81
FORTY-SIXTH LESSON.
Happy
Soon, early
Awake
v. a.
9(33 wectfkcsatf
QeoSto n. v.
;
Happiness
The dawn
End
Enjoy
night?
I shall
They
if I
will
He w ill
T
He must
spite:
have done
i.
e., it
it
you
out of
must be that he
did
it out of spite
cannot have done it from
such a motive
He ought not to have done it
at all
You ought not to have worked
He
so
much
He
N.B.
It will be seen
signifying to finish.
EXEBCISE.
we
arrive?
When
have been
friends ? I do
to see you, shall I have seen all
whether you will have finished seeing all your friends
my
not know
Shall you
I thought you knew (know) all my affairs.
or not.
have finished sleeping before five to-morrow morning? If you
awaken me before then, I shall. Will he have become happy
Will anything have;
before that time? He will if he tries.
fallen down before they arrive there? I think not (I think noWill he at the
thing will fall) if their brothers awaken before.
end of this life have enjoyed more happiness than you ? or, will
the happiness which he enjoyed in this life be greater, &c.? Perhaps he will, if lie rises earlier than I. At what time do you rise?
I always try to rise very early if anything has happened in the
I know you awaken and rise, early whether anything
has happened or not; but I think you ought not to have risen
so early to-day; for you have a little fever.
Do you think I
shall have finished (shall finish)
this book before night?
reading
You ought to have finished it before this; but did I not tell you
you could not do it? You told, but you must have said it 'out
of spite.
Could not I have said so from a better motive than
that? I think not (could not).
Will they soon have finished
night.
Perhaps (they)
FORTY-SEVENTH LESSON.
Witness
Witnesser
Case (in law) eo|}
He says he will not go
He
said he
would not
know he
knew he would
will not
S3S)(gate5esJe>d3
Judge
g)
C3S.J
ScCD
? L C55
go
not go
)Q ce^srai ect^
Q) S
<g caswosri
Q9
>(
&XZZZ SScso
[
a>cc.
Court
)<g
<S
(or
<ss>t<9aasj
e^35
^CSQ
^ ^fQ
cSce
83
I said he should go
he wished or not
I think lie
will
whether
go before he
C8efJ0 <edeo
C} @|j
cssi&o
cf L
o ^Scss
99
^sS^JQ
we should
start
antici':
5}3crf
tatf
SDqg)
(or
cf2 (?>e/3<3 ea&)#DcC<SB0 cs
055
><2o8;> e?i<5) ^Scc
<2
^D^^oS
<S3<555
Q)
6455253'
(gD3
^(^oeDo^acJ' (or
>z.8s5)
etfs^o^d
London.
<^03
C3
jSuO cseiO 80
EXEUCISK.
84
FORTY-EIGHTH LESSON.
Decide *9ag
Finish
-63
eg
(or
(or
Of
#5x3
00
e>0
'
<6> >3
$ <gc350
Sfj
sdea-ssi
.3jcaasJ
80
him
gcsd0
write without me
I shall have b< rumc -.hull be>
able to uiulcrtakc it by then
He said I should have become
(or -huiiM be) able to do it
before you came
Sca ScCD
Lxi
,)
g
Si.'.
1:
everytking whieh I can do? Thnv i> noDoes he not say that we
cannot do, if you can.
can do whatever we wish ? Though they can write well, we
Were \ on able to do anything yesterday which you
cannot.
V. -. but we ran now do many things which
cannot do to-dav
we could not (>i5) do in our childhood. Were you ever ablto run a mile in a minute ?
No, who was ever (<S3)e>
fj55)
Was the Judge able to
able to run so fast as that? Ko one.
he
tried
he
not.
decide your case yesterday, Sir ?
could
Though
Were they ever able to work as much a.s you? They were
The Judge
never yet able to work even half so much as I.
has often been able to decide twelve or thirteen cases before
noon.
I have often been able to do more than I anticipated.
I had often been able to live ((5 ssg>3@>Q&3)3') without much
work, before my father died. I was often able to come henDo you think thai
before you, whil.-t your father was alive.
you will be able to write without either pen or paper ? I yesterday thought I should be able but I do not think so now.
Does he think that he will be able to take anything from me
I know that he yesterday thought that he would IK- able to take
all you had (have).
Does our teacher hope that we shall soon
thing which
':
work
in so short a time.
FORTY-NINTH
I must write now, or I shall be
unable to go
I must write to-morrow, or I
shall be
unable to go
&&,<&
Q&&3Q
unable to go to-day
We
been unable
to
do so to-mor-
row
We
unwilling to come
They had been (or were) obliged to write before we came
t>Q
/d>
ef^
@c5*5Q
<gdos<5
He
0_
-aScSD
<3)co5)dc)
EXERCISE.
I must go at once, or I shall never be able to go. You must do
If you do not, you will never afterto-day all you have to do.
wards be able to do it in this life. He must agree with me tomust
day, otherwise he will afterwards be unable to agree.
learn our lessons well to-morrow, otherwise we shall be unable
to get a prize (^xcdosD-srf) this year.
Will he be obliged to
agree with us about that case ? If he cannot settle it in any
other way, he will.
They will be obliged to do what we say
if they do not, we will
pay them nothing. Shall you be obliged
We
86
to write to us
We
often?
shall
be obliged to
write
t"
very
ill.
stay at home.
doctors.
We
ill
you were not obliged to
(were well enough) had health to go to the
have often been obliged to do many difficult
You
to ifo to
Court
at all.
FIFTIETH LESSON.-o*
te
LO
Lately
During
I
Within (during)
Serious (important)
C^>) <'^
have a book
I had a book
I
liavi-
alwavs had
book when
.gd
wanted one
(or
&r;
&0
a book to-morrow
I thought I should have a book
to-morrow
He will have had something
before then
<^cco
e,coQ
@.C3jO3J
*ScS3
c^-oj)j
<casD<5
2g0
.30
#0
63
(or
Gi^C 3
We
will
ready
if it is
@OJCD<3sJ
gsrSscsio
cSS)^33
cs
<S>X
Ci
^jsfc)^ or
.ODCSVSJ"
I will
you
He
.coQ
efcQ
eaoq eptf
c3
^g
&8 ^i-cS *SS0sri
<33<33555
ca eScso SDcg
cs>^0
(SD^^^d^)^.
4S
3&eft$Ge8cOag>4tf
or
C2>
oq?
suit; lately
eel)
EXERCISE.
when
came
(&&3@\'33Q)?
Not
only had we had our breakfast, but we had had our dinner too
I had had (there was) nothing in my hand this
before that,
morning before five. I have no doubt I shall receive good news
I thought I should have got a letter before this.
to-morrow.
I thought he would have got an answer from his father this
morning. If I bring a book will you have it to read, Sir ? I
will have nothing you bring.
FIFTY-FIRST LESSON.
Assist
ca^Dd^tf^oSb
I believe
what he savs
C32OsJ6<55fe.)<3
Translate
|
ooS)cs.
88
lie believes whatever
<n\
COS3S3^C>
believed anything he said (on
any occasion)
Pie believed something that I
said (on that occasion)
I have often believed everyI
-;i
<^cs -53580
e*
8 eao ca-S5)Q3
50 SS 8c3Qe
eg
6^n^oc)
idcsd"
cDe)^ 8ca8)
_
Sa
thing or other
\v
qc335$
&>*} eo\
ag
thing he said
Before I came, they had believed all he told them
I
S&CSSD
2g
book
book was gone)
du had the book)
Q0
[the
."
ic
I think
we
shall find
him
writ-
ing
You
will
see
him write
in a
book
him, even if
he wishes
You shall not look at him, if
you wish
I said I would not go for any
one
I will not look at
CJ0
<g
<
_
CBO@
any account
<<
'^-55
EXERCISE.
Do
week
P go every
to see
my
parents
We
89
Why
We
FIFTY-SECOND i&$OMM0*0nfoq*&3
Pleased 968<2s>33, SDDO,
Displeased epgeee^D, q?#3D
cs
O, <?C3.
I
am
He
is
are
I
poor, but
you are
miserable,
rich
though we
happy
calm
He
I have been
much
interested
We
takes
all
reasonable orders
I, we, you, he, they, will not
be obedient to anything he
says
ODS>CQ.
8.25)).
90
he, they shall be obedient to every thing I say.
You,
ill
very
be-
<CSK> 805(338
4Badi6\8,S32o8>
gaa>3
#3
c, &c.,
tfdte>cs4d
C5
G^eoztf cs-ss?
jS
OT^to'fiftD QSccz.d'ce.as?
6
)8
EXERCISE.
Does he think I am poorer than you ? I think that he thinks
you are much richer than I. Who is as huugry as we ? Many
persons are more hungry than you. I wish to know whether
any one was ever so miserable as we ? I think no one was
ever so miserable as you are now. They are always very happy.
He was displeased with us (cpoQ) because we are happy.
Though we were all extremely agitated, he laughed at us.
Were you not much pleased with all that you saw ? No, I
was much displeased with every person and every thing. Did
nothing important happen last night ? I have heard that a
very terrible battle took place; but I do not know whether
true or not.
Were
their wives
before dinner?
thirsty.
I think
hungry
you will. He thought I should be
to your father's house
?
If I
to-day
shall
father's house.
my
FIFTY-THIRD LESSON.
Get done (by some one)
eJD)3
Got done
ssx^tfSe
Get written gco) -2535)3
Got written gccQ)3
91
I
am going
to the tailor's in
order to buy a hat, and get
a new coat made
He
built in a
-3536)303.35$
erf
oeo
cs-35i
to get (take) a
tailor to
you?
No, I shall do
myself and
it
See
We
possible
it
to
made
How
is it
not
see
How
fortunate he
thing he does 1
What
a fortunate
in all he did
is
^(3 -63
C^C^J
25003
60 55)30^
^3
in every
man he was
EXERCISE*
you going to get that work done ? 1 am goiilg
to the tailor's to get that work done, and to
get a (pair of) trou*
sers made; for I can
get them well made by him. Did you get
any one last year to plant beautiful trees in your garden ? Yes*
I got five strong and clever men to do that work for me. Moreover, I got that work done extremely well by them. But you
did the work of your garden
yourself, and saved the expense*
fey
whom
are
92
In how
take good
time. Did I not say they were to (must) settle that matter
as soon as possible ? Nevertheless, they have not begun it. By
whom have you got your letters written so quickly? I have got
Did you ever get
old teacher to write them all for me.
four or five English lessons learnt in one day ? I often learnt
Had you
lessons in a month when I went to school.
little
my
fifty
whether they
like or
thatl
How
small a child
is
FIFTY-FOURTH LESSON.-:;
Fulfil, accomplish
I used to see a certain friend
of mine every day
88
I saw (or used to see) him continually a few years ago
am
c%'
cf
@
(or
)
&^
@>c5
come
Some
of our
friends
have
come
IB he a brother of my father's ?
Is he one of my father's brothers?
IB he the brother of your father who used to fight?
He
is
a brother of (mine) my
who used to quarrel
father's
^ (or
oi0 SSce
here I
But how
93
I
am accustomed to be at peace
ee^.
C8<a eo3
^533
He
was accustomed to
haste and finish his
make
sg
work
early
He
is
in the
habit of doing
Jas)
eoitfcsasQ
&ss>
-aatf^ SS<5}<35$
You must
qQQ
He
Have you
failed to
ca^ea
38
apprehend
the thief?
will succeed if he tries;
for he never yet failed
He
N- B.
Used
EXERCISE.
I was accustomed to do many things in my youth which I do
Was this man ever a friend of yours? He was
not do now.
never a friend of mine, but he was once a friend of my father's.
day ?
94
your father once a week ? We wrote to him every day. Is
this the boy who used to quarrel with us so much when we went
to school ?
No, this is a brother of his. I always failed to
learn my English lesson before a brother of mine assisted me;
but after he came, I always succeeded in learning them well.
Do not fail to
If I succeed he will be extremely delighted.
find all the things we want. He must not fail to come (without
I must see my
fail 8<5$eod e3i-q)>) at the time I want.
father to-day without fail.
G9S)co.
^O C^a45)(503^.
s)De
95
96
(0CS
CO
8x36)
cox
3^
c)
APPENDIX,*
PARADIGMS,
NOUNS.
MASCULINE GENDER.
Sing. Indefinite.
Sing. Definite.
Plural.
Nouns of
relation- J
ship and ]
office.
FEMININE GENDEK.
.
Z)f/.
[^.] Sing.Indef.
Many words
The following
shortly be printed.
is
will,
as,
probably,
NEUTER GENDEE.
Sing. Dff. [^]
Indef.
Plural [various]
Final double
consonant or
<5 preceded
(a)
-by
{I
8^53555
,,(
(b) by an
other vowel.
vel.
{ and sometimes
K preceded
fi*ttflQ
tf
by any")
cf Cf
33
^.
^C
DECLENSION OF NOUNS.
MASCULINE AND FEMININE.
Sing. Def.
Siny. Indef.
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
Voc.
>XD(S
(>)
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
&c.
P/ra/, in
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
Yoc.
(33, 8(5*1,
<
and
iii.
NEUTER GENDER.
Sing. Def.
Sing. Indef.
Plural.
Nom.
)r)!D
o'&si
&c.
&
Ace.
@c?cs, or
&
Ace.
55>9
Gen.
Dat.
Abl.
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
AbL
33'2>9
&c.
&c.
,5,
>ro,a
i^SJOJ^
888
V*
888
p pp
888
QJ
Q3Q*(!D
OsS
88
J-j
88880
a
!
tf
l -!
.1
W
88
888
r5
81
<^
gQ
* K ar>
C
(A)
go
JO
888
^1
III
II
888
j
&*i
-888
8 8
csn
s?
5? G>
^"-"ffT
OROQW
*s
8 5
8S
H'siy^
fs
*J
6 @
<G
<
ii??:
888
8888 |
888
^
o
DJf,
Pi
8U-
"8 ll
rty
888
M-
88888
.*
o r
<>
S 8 8 8
8 8
88888
8888
1
ov*
s&l2
88
"
5^
fi
1?
sla
3
B 8
JTJT
O 88
iT
rii
sss
o
>
XT
te
CD
<9
^^ ^
a
8 8
3^888
V* **
o oQ
g>
S 8 8
g.W3g.
8888
60
Til.
+a
&
ADDEND
To page
VII. add
9,
Is a combination of
5.
koomba
!)
To page
III.
i..
of ed" and
18,
?$ amba,
(very short) and >, as:
ee) of ed and Q ;
of -S55 and
;
aud ^ ;
of
ssJ
5
and
of
e; ;
^
c^
N.B., add
ERRATA.
Page
Page
50,
53,
53,
53,
64,
6'4,
read
XIX.,
for
g<8,
read
O3<S>?r', read
line-3, for
line 27, omit
*S5 C-
<5HS>, read
0.0?<5^i,
read
7, for -63e,
e):ic5.
read 49 eg.
FIFTY-SIXTH LESSON.
if he does this, or if he has
already done it, he will ob-
)3}
some money
tain
cDQ^^DsSJ ^^cfT-SJ
6^3 -25)?Gf)3Q
053
)^.)--5D'5);D
year he
must have obtained some
money
Had
got nothing
If I came you must have seen
me
Had
What
to
could T do if he were
go away to-morrow
<g)
C32ob2of)
(cQsic3:3<55)
g)
o8^c33<33)
What
What
do or what
shall I
they do
if
he dies
to die soon
What would
will
do
if
(0
they
he have done
last
week
EXERCISE.
If he brings the books here, I will
buy them of him. If he
sells books
why does he not bring (some) to us ? If any one
works well we pay him good wages. If we have eyes, we ought
to use them.
If you have been to school to-day, you must have
Ko. 6
93
We
have sev:v; (.-a\v) me. If you have once effected ($00040(7) this,
Had you done what I told
to do it.
you must know well how
Had lie been
this would not have happened to you.
careful and diligent in youth, he would now have been a happy
man. Should 1 have been well by this (>cca,s>0) had I
taken medicine ? You would, if you had taken proper medicine.
If you were working in the garden at the time I came, I must
have seen you. Certainly, had you come, Sir, at that time,
I write v if I have no pen
you would have seen me. How can
and ink? You can if I give you pen and ink (&ffiO) c\?).
What can the cleverest person do, if we oppose ? And what can
he not do, if you are not opposed ? What could we do, if any
danger (accident) happened on the road ? If I were to go with
you I could assist you when any danger happened (G)'J*?o3).
What could this infant do if it should fall ? We could lift it up
(CoJeoaoSa) if we wished (present tense.) What could this old
man have done, if the thieves had seen him? Had he wished ho,
Could we have finisiicd
could quickly have run to our house.
We could if you al.this work last week, had he not come?
had not come. We could not, if you also had not stayed away
What .-hall I say, it' I cannot find
(&3\&<S5 feSttSSctteaS),
those articles? Where would he go to, if you were to forsake
him? Where would he have gone had I forsaken him last year?
I fear he would have died of (by) grief had you done so.
FIFTY-SEVENTH
If
it is
'here
now,
yesterdayIf he is alive
have been
If I
am
in
it
was here
Ceylon to-day, I
be in (cannot go to,
reach) England to-morrow
If they are in Ceylon to-day,
they could not have been
(were not) in England
yesterday
If I were now in that room,
I should not be here, (how
should I be here ?)
shall not
tf
(05>)
now, he must
alive yesterday
SDf
qi&?Q
&cs&3 c?L/-&>
00 >3T.
q^
SScco
(^0
){.
gitf
?
89cSD
?^)
<^>O
3*0
cftf
g)
<23c3'<^c5
88 3D
99
If he were now well, he would
not need this medicine
If neither
now
ill,
undoubtedly saw
again next
If
e,
all
@.ed
cSca
week
'the
it
Had
me
Had I been
)o
ceo-acD
occasion,
eg
tfiffi
8
88csaeoi)
eo eft<s50
you must
EXERCISE.
If those things are in my box now, they were in (there) before
you came. Must I have been well yesterday if I am well
to-day ? If you are well now, you could not have been very ill
yesterday ? If- he is no cleverer than you, he could not have
done
this
work
so well.
Would he attempt
to do
it, if
he were no
100
Could
had they not been very calm (<53ed(;).
the stile had they been as weak as they
say ? If their legs were not very strong they could not even
have gone up that hill (<S5C5^0). Had I been sleepy, hungry
and tired, you would have seen some sign of it. True. I should
Had they been a.- wicked a- you
(s'O?O<2.
(have seen)
Hud they been so, he
suppose, their father must have seen it.
would have seen it.
well at
all,
writes letters he
does not send them
Though he wrote a letter
yesterday, he did not send it.
Though he (I) wrote a letter
he (I) would not send it
Though I have written a
letter, I have not sent it
Though I had written a letter
I had not sent it before you
came
Though I had written a
I
should
(or
have sent
it
letter,
would)
not
before
you
^iOeoO
came yesterday
I shall have written
the letter, I shall not have
sent (send) it before you
Though
come to-morrow
Though I wrote (should have
written) the letter, I should
not have sent it before you
me
to send
it
(gdcsCT
101
I would
(should) not answer him
Though he should write to me
he would not come
Though he should write to me
he does (will, not
gcso
cg)
>C5}2J)Cf
)<5J
Cf@<53d
<3cs;>
eg
<Deg
<53
>d0
338
O\,
<\cse<5)
gceo
gceo
cDep
#6f$K)c) 25)6
Though
eg
033x5
spoke to him
Though we
he
stood
K.B
If the paucity of
ambiguous, it
of the above
Xo. 7.
(j
moods
may
3
g^5
6S3J
EXERCISE.
it
as strong as possible,
it fell
down.
Even
if
we had
taken a great deal of trouble about it, it would have fallen down.
Though I had invited them all, they would not have come before
yesterday.
Though we shall have finished (finish) all our
lessons before three o'clock to-morrow, we shall not have gone
(shall not go) home before then (that time.)
Though I should
have spoken to him (though I spoke) I should not have invited
him to come to our house yesterday, had you not asked me to
do so. Though we should have struck him, we should not have
killed hinij had he not drawn his knife.
Should you have killed
102
me
We should
killed you.
CcgSbC)tf5f)
(d&?J)
we
should have
day,
is
able he
is
not-
willing
he were able he
would not be willing
Though I was hungry I am
Though
not now
but though
not hungry
I were, I should not there-
am
)~
Qe)cS-jQ
<^C30
?\,
fore be thirsty
I have often
-Ot
tired,
<y^^j^^s5 fj-i&jQ
Though
been
I have never been so
tired as I
<53>Q<5)<55
&
c53
am now
Though
fore evening
If (though) I had
been sleepy,
was
so
ill
yesterday
Though I should have been
thirsty, I should not have
taken anything before you
came yesterday, had he not
poured me out a glass of
<)<5d0
<SJ
<gedesc5
<5)x3
tf Sx3 S>aa
^
*3
<2?x
6c^o
C?ea-*oc3
c6^O5
^S}<2O<33
83
>32f0
<*) &^d5
^c^oac^
O3C3
K)5D
@,&j
eox
wine
I
am
been
hungry, though he
asked for something to eat
DC)
j.<S
'))
EXERCISE.
Though we are sleepy and tired, we are not
this be good,
idle.
Cannot
103
not shew it. Though I were willing, he would not be. Though
the cloud were here, it would also be there.
Though you were
rny brother, you would be my enemy, if I did not please you.
Though I was your enemy, I am not so now. Though he was
at home, I think he is not now.
Though we were ill we are
now quite well. Though I have seen many things here, I have
never seen so many as there are now.
Though there have been
many books here on former occasions (<j}3$t3<5 gcai}30C?) there
have not been so many as now. Though I had not been tired,
I had been very thirsty before you gave me some wateiv
Though I had had a great deal to do, I had not felt tired beforfr
broke down.
Though it was fallen down (e) t -35S}3?) it
had (was) not broken (Jt
some
<f35}ss5) when we came by
one must, therefore, have broken it after. Though the book
had been there, I should not have read it yesterday. Though
I had been his own brother, I would not have assisted him
last year.
Though he had once been my trusty (9&3eb':e)
friend, he would not stay with me during my late (cgcScs)
illness.
Though I had been your enemy, I would have staid
Though they would
(present) with you on such an occasion.
have staid with us yesterday, they would not have assisted us,
had Ave not earnestly asked them. I am sure they could not
have been unkind though they seemed so. Though I had told
you yesterday, you would not have believed.
all
go
You can,
too, Sir ?
if
lessons
moment
I did not know that
Indeed
he was so ill
It may be so, but I am not
!
certain
He
He
if
if
he
03
104
Were you
at
liberty
to
C^ c^Q
do
vouwcreabov
What
is
May
May
he always be happy
,sv.
(^>
'
SBt$<9
tf*>0
cJ
0O
^s
6>D
'
'oac^
-20
SScS
>
eooc8^80
C3J^8
^^f
CDOT OoB?
25"^ 3 * ^
Cl"
CO
e> 3
^^ &?"^G
;!
C38^550 J^^
Q O0 06
^S
g^>
cp^rJ^j^
^3o>(5
6cc
I\Iay
May we
(have
we
authority
_,
cs-J
(C<) ^-*o
''
;.t.
>
105
SIXTY-FIRST LESSON.
aoLQdasteQ^
what purpose
ing to spell
is
he learn-
Can you
me how
tell
to
do
this?
^Scsa
Yes,
to
)0
me
to fetch
With the
you
your book
design of amusing
for half an
Have you no
hour
other object
eDg}, <3}><35
ef^S3es-355
(We) may
know,
$323
ascertain, understand
Tell
well,
Write
it
well
it
EXERCISE.
Did you ever knowingly do any wrong ? Alas
we have
often knowingly done
wrong, But did you do this intentionally
No. 2.
O
!
106
We
did it knowingly.
For what purpose
or unintentionally ?
For the purpose of ascertaining its strength.
did you do it ?
What am I to do that I may know (how) to make a watch ?
do (you) wind
You must ask some one to teach you.
How
watch up?
We
Am
SIXTY-SECOND LESSON.
I beg
you
to let
me go
at once
<^5
(5)
if
Why
we
they wish
cs
ecea0
cs
(3cco
&)
6o<O
@g)po &)ig0
getf (c3<sj0)
ceoE)
should
selves to keep
trouble' our-
them ?
Let them
107
(see that he
medicine to-morrow, however unwilling he
may be to do so
.8Btf <>Qov2O*Q0
f)
.^330^)
takes') this
2g
-20^
this place
&D0
ta633csJ
f)
ef<53e?z.c5")
<g<355^<5j
did
It
e?gs3<535D
?)
(^3*3 &)ic30
etf
>
cee
ep8
D\6>o0 @tD<2a
it
in order to do good to
others, that I give alms
you give alms to a rich
toe)t<53
me ?
<350
is
c32SDO<3j<2c(D -SD(5-SD
Do
person like
The forms
N. B.
&c., are
optative,
EXEECISE.
Pray
to the
let
me
Post
Office,
"Will
first.
let
you
written it?
me
I will,
take
if
it
you
Why
hinder
(p^sJ)^83) them
let
them
play.,
they wish. But after they have done running, let them
come and work, whether they wish or not. Let them do what
they like until ten o'clock, and then let them go home and
write their letters, however much they (may) wish to stay
here.
Let (89c33@B-C-:53o3e)) your brother stay at home
to-day, (and) if he is not well to-morrow, let (see that) the
doctor come to see him.
Let go of him, and let him go ; but
if he does
any mischief on purpose, let him receive punishment.
Let us go then and see what he does. Let this broken tree
Is it in order to obtain
fall, and let us finish this work first.
if
much
good,
as possible.
if
(they) wish.
Let us
all
do as
much good
108
SIXTY-THIRD LESSON.
0i0a*tfa3
VERBAL NOUNS.
The
doing, a doing
Shewing, shewings
-JBJ, .xflS
Saying, sayings
#,
Coming, going
cS3
It
is
obey) in youth
It is not well to imitate (to
evil
It
How
delightful
it
it
God
well to
and day
@cs<2d0
to con-
is
Is
to
0)
Is it possible for
any one
to
do so?
How
is
come
he does not
that
it
now
to school
It will not
be
difficult to tell
you that
It must be because he
is ill
Had
ostf
epo<5"i
come yesterday
What
need
is
there to do this
?
4!
am
This
is not
only good but
strong and beautiful
It is not only proper to
go,
but you must go
Besides that
it is
it is
also
obey,
your duty to
your interest
v _._
SDi-35?
109
EXERCISE.
bad to be disobedient.
It
is
unfortunate thing.
Have men ever thought it a disgrace to
work ? Not only did they formerly think it a disgrace, but
even now many think it a very vile (<>) low) thing to do
some (kinds of work) works. Is it possible for me to think
it a disgrace to do such good 'things as these ?
Is it possible
-J9303q) for us to do all this
(g<aa^ or
work to-day ? Not to-day, but I hope we shall be able to do it
to-morrow. How is it you have not been to see us yet ?
Because it has been so difficult for us to find time (obtain
How sad it is to see men caring only for the things
leisure. )
Is there any need (SDeox.
of this world
@>e[5)<5)!
This is
<S3.SS)) to go a journey to-day ? No need whatever.
He is not
not only a disgraceful but a very wicked thing.
only a friend of ours, but a brother. This tree is not only
very bad, but very high and ugly. Besides that this is very
He not only wishes
beautiful, it is really good and profitable.
to go, but he must go to-day.
g6Sta9
(@&Q
nS
QcSsDSto^
8i<9
.
035
cacosae):)
<S3DC5cs0
'
Is
season
it not very cold to-day
It seems to
Has
it
me
)o
very hot
the
week
><5SC;I <g<5
,^00*5
ODcosaeto
<itftf 'JSSQtt
eoz.c50
No, but
all
C3Bce.
before last
@>oaao
<dto b35
110
How
it
fearfully
What wet
lightens
weather
I should be glad
would cease
it is
if
just
the rain
word by me
(3)
The
(or
^ Sea,)
<^!D_(or
alike
<5'
their friend
eOedcaeoso 8js3CD-3sJ
go
^202083
"
EXERCISE.
Do you
now
think
it
It rains
now.
Does
it
rain
at
Kandy
<950)
i-^^
but it
and e305D are
;
is
necessary to
know
By whom
it.
The words
letter to
me ?
I sent
it
better.
Ill
nc
If you send letters by your servant
or
S5dlW) I shall get
)j,eD<2a3d'csof)
them without delay. Very well, I will send them by
at once.
E)te).255od'c83
him
23i8eska<6 CDCS.
house
Did he not
see
you yesterday
&&3
o s
stream
It
was
wind
away by the
carried
6-353
The
(accidentally)
and tore
Let it be
Let him alone
N. B.
I.
Such forms
sonal
II.
as
a
^^?0D, d.?b, &c-, are impersimilar to the Latin " It repents me."
its.
;
place is
supplied
1 Where the agent acted .voluntarily,
(a) generally, by the active voice ;
often, by the active voice, with the subject
(6)
of the verb suppressed ;
more seldom, by the help of cQ-SDSo, &c., or
(c)
by some other form of speech.
Where
Ablative Case.
112
EXERCISE.
to Peter in the prison ? Yes, and
Did any one see me as
to men.
angels have often appeared
I went past your garden ? No, but I shall see you if you are
Do your
carried along by the current of this river to-morrow.
face burnt
feet burn? Yes, and my hands burn too.
much yesterday with the violence of the fever (&<s\&3 3i<2
My umbrella was caught by the wind, carried along
Has he recovered
about a mile, and (then) caught by a fence.
hi boat which was caught by
or 20i.)x) (3bc^<2O23)3) his
the current and carried to the sea ? It did not go to the sea,
but was caught (active) by a boy as it passed your garden.
My
Have you
Do
bathed.
nail
It
will tear
by
its
own
the chair.
Let the dog alone.
he not near death ?
Then let it be on
do you tease him ? Is
weight.
Why
eaten, written,
i.
e.
eat,
&c.,
said,
invo-
luntarily
To
ill
Has he
fever
now ?
(or
He
My
away
faults
secretly)
before
the
committed by us come
to light
CS3S\S)n(3-S5i
cd
>~>-5(3
113
Was
He
died
23
by drinking poison
cos>*3*J
8eg
(vol: rather)
some poison,
and died
(sDegQ
Q0330
He
ate
and
(invol:)
died.
See
-SD3
He
some poison,
was accident-
eg 9
8ea
(<3n>)
0cs <2i
ally poisoned
EXERCISE.
?
No, I got dysentery. Last
year I had a headache (f@ed efci)<555) every other week.
Does your finger ache ? Yes, and my whole back ached until
needle ran into my hand and hurt me
I ate tnis medicine.
much. He took a knife and pierced (stabbed) himself (ep^-so
Has he stabbed (fpii
<Sr5>53:) (to death e?i^<5D
irfisro).
SDD) you with a knife? No, he has pricked (e^eofna) me with
a pin.
He is very ill (c3cs^C53 Qg^Qo), a knife having
Did he not go off clandestinely
fallen and run into his foot.
on account of the injuries he had done you ( 2^(3 epC30 -J$5esD)?
Yes, he Was afraid they would come to' light. Had they been
found out before he went, he would have poisoned himself.
1 fell from the roof and broke my leg (
>?o <3)<2^c nom
stone fell on this boy's head and broke it.
S3i|)2>D3 invol.)
(A stone having fallen, this boy's head split). He fell into a
pond and wet his clothes. Do cattle eat (invol.) any soil
when they eat grass ? They do eat a little. Who poisoned
he ate some poisonous
your horse ? No one poisoned him
I was going to do one thing,
leaves along with (his) grass.
and did (invol :) another. Good men are sometimes betrayed
into (do-in vol:) faults.
Often w hen intending to say fid 1
He was going to write my name, but wrote his
say Come.
own. 1 intended to take an orange, but through my haste
took (ep5)Q e?g:$i),2o0o) a potatoe which was near it. How
often when we attempt to do one thing do we do another
Why do people say that wrong which they did voluntarily,
occurred (s^tfi^o).
Because it is pleasanter to speak of
fever yesterday
SIXTY-SEVENTH LESSON.
Our house caught
and
the whole house was burnt
down
No.
2,
fire,
^O^^sQ^ e3ocs.
ep@d @K>O
erf
cS<s
e,(3o <Sc33
114
He
set fire to
it
He
city,
<
S><
'
it
w= "
g DJod
0od
$gh
I drank some hot coffee, and
my mouth
burnt
My
feet
the sun
am
If I
burnt to death
alive
in
the boat
The
ship
was wrecked
and
He
in (his)
clothes
I sunk
when he struck me
He
drowned himself
He
fell
in
ig)
OBiQQo
drowned
The
stone he
struck me
He
threw
barely
The
nail
He
came out
has
escaped
from
the
watchmen
He
(Sccj
danger
N. B.
I.
or
II.
is
also used as a
In
Vol or active
:
transitive.
in-
must be a
EXERCISE.
A brother of the boy who was drowned in the lake last year,
was burnt to death yesterday, through his clothes taking fire.
Did he set fire to himself (^jcCDcaaxao^) ? No, a fire stick fell
near him, and set fire to his clothes. Cau you put out the
115
fire
which I
(oesJ2)rf.wS9) ? I
light
can, if
not very
it is
(c8
idS)
SIXTY-EIGHTH LESSON.
83
)ic3
cDegO
D3
&-2S
5>3&C9<SS$
2Sxf8 e>Q2<E<55
0q<0sa<a oaS)c8.
(3@icacs
him out
It
<K> L
53
egc)
'
<s?i<s5^D^
v35o8
(csccso)
(33-355
o^dQ
Qz,<5
,3
caS)55)C3'
(esOcsa)
S)
116
desire
a
long ago had great
you a matter or two
He
to tell
853
If
OJ5
it
worked cheerfully
Should
it
last
(X?*eoS
would or
will
do)
Seg s^S
c9c3
year
take care of
am a poor man
an island in the
Indian ocean
made
(the) house is a place
As
me, I
for
is
Ceylon
caceeoS)
Sboxa4D59
ea?^
to live in
The
earth
is
the
dwelling
place of man
If the names of these things
are pronounced thus, there
is
no advantage in pro-:
Wha t
is
What
yesterday
(.you) spoke
N. B.
EXERCISE.
He
The
abov;.
fell
into
as 5 to the fifth
example
117
I need not provide (it) (for) I can procure (it) any day I want
but I cannot procure you (any). It is strange you (should)
;
What does that shew ?
say so, whilst I am in such difficulty.
Had it been I, I would
It shews that you are not my friend.
have provided you a horse or two 5 at once last week, but as
Were it you, I am sure
for him, he will do nothing for you.
But would it be any
you- would go with me if I asked you.
advantage to you though I were to go with you ? There would
be much advantage to-day, but there would be
not
it
(H)
(Gis) many
it),
when we go
osi)cs.
Even
example
Do
bad
man
D<5)
^)<^
BceScS'i.^
century
Was
it not about
the tenth
century that evil began to
be called good ?
How is this
The vowel
Is
not
word pronounced ?
is
pronounced long
your
cleaning yet
It
was
892DC3
house
efj.ee:>
finished
finished yesterday
(or
When
)C
CM?
(drawn)
118
It
is
now
it is
About when
will it be finished
building
It
was
of wood,
orio-inally built
but afterwards
down, and
N. B.
it
C3tCS K\
)3
COW)
building
was pulled
built of stone
e5>8e>
^
0a
00
C3DS,
C^ 6^8*^
esoe,
Si
erf
xc8o) gjf
JB&><;3 cod^S
33 (or
#D
I.
II.
The
They,
or do,
One
EXERCISE.
Even a
a beggar would not do such a mean action.
a valuable present as that.
Though
king would accept such
the bad (OQ^tfJ) hitherto,
you have followed the example of
do so no more. Imitate the good and lowly. Do you know
in what century this old church was built ? It was built in the
built it) were born. That
century the builders of it (those who
must be the century in which the wisdom displayed
-632SD.) Was
by your answer was to be obtained
it not in the past (oegcScs) century that this vowel began to be
Even
(SOD3)
(cQoo^O
119
little
Was
&\,&.
03
salt
Never mind
that,
Cannot
down with
?
you see
it is
down
be set up again
it
i)
it
will not
stand (remain)
I do not think
What
If
is
will stand
your opinion ?
stood
it
it
yesterday
stand
when
now
&&<
<ge^;03
Where
Has
Yes,
six
N. B.
passive.
EXERCISE.
salt.
Was
this
They
are generally
120
the mainotie ? No, it was ploughed.
evident that rice (8) has been sown.
Never mind
that,
it
is
rice (rice is
always sown with
of grain be sown here ? Yes, there could,
if
fields
altered.
it
is
SEVENTY-FIRST LESSON. I
am
loved by
my
friends love
me)
am
The
He
He
friends
(my
eg ^.Sb^octf geoocao
They
are
much blamed
83
Have
ed
Have
mies
Our
soldiers are
Cattle
are
killed
here every
week
Was
he poisoned or stabbed
"
?(
121
He was
poisoned
By whom was
this
&)5)
done
i^iSe) Je*eo3
cs^e^ itfi>o)
@.a <S3J8ed
^(30^
(SDcg
(or
to
death to-day
He
was condemned
the
by
<5?cs0
judge
Our
N.B.
I.
II.
III.
e@d
^^ccJ
c8D.c$
Receive doing.
There is no passive form of the verb accompanying fied.
Q&&3 merely emphasizes the subject of the active
verb, which must retain its active form, and govern
its objective nouns in their proper cases.
53<53 is also used to distinguish the subject of the
verb, where otherwise it would be ambiguous.
8<2tf can neither be used with the involitive mood,
nor with intransitive active verbs, e. y.,
are
all
inadmissible.
EXERCISE.
your brother who was praised by every one now loved by
?
He is loved by every one who knows him. Were
many soldiers flogged yesterday ? No, but some little boys were
By whom (act) were they flogflogged (CD(jc53)0 at school.
ged? They were flogged by the big boys, who were punished
d.QJ5?O the day before. Were the soldiers blamed for
(e^)
having been defeated (giooO or g5<53ea?)? No, they were much
praised that they were not beaten by the enemy (plural) sooner.
Were these boys rewarded or punished ? Some were rewarded
by the teacher, and others punished. Two thousand of our men
were defeated by two hundred of the enemy. Were many of
our soldiers killed ? Alas more than forty were killed in the
battle itself, and many who were wounded died afterwards.
Is
any one
What
a dreadful thing
No.
2.
is
war
this poor
man
(i^8 Q
it
in
SEVENTY-SECOND LESSOX.
Take care not
to
Letters
rub against
this paint
Your
(CDL0@itf.2r 03
ground
Your
clothes are
smeared with
much
be-
5)
mud
painted, and
the floor smeared with mud.
Knock at the door
Hap on this table
The branches of these trees
5)
Ge,
s>
When
he
fired,
(or
me
He
Ka
08
He
is
Does he
5)
2)5)95)3
me
C5D
202003
123
He
tend him
These houses are gradually falling down
This tiee is now falling down
Is he accomplishing his (present) design well
his
always accomplishes
designs well
X.B.
Qth
D
i)
<>&>
3oQd
@eg -sS^tf
foeaa^
is
.Qe,
He
This child
books
<>
?g
$4&) (footed
D ccS3
^>
C3os5
J<223
eO<5^S3<5G3OC5?8D
(9t@8^9D)
<2a)3
is
<5b
EXERCISE.
Have your
strike against
here
are
He
last
bent
That
is,
month ago, are now ripening. Did you ever doctor yourself?
No, but I have doctored many other persons. Whom did you
get to doctor you last year, when your disease was becoming
so violent ? Several very clever doctors were called in (efS)cF)C33
(S)^a2o)^ with ace :), but our old (former otf^) doctor was
employed. Is not this old court-house gradually falling down ?
Yes, it will fall clown altogether soon. How, if it should fall
down upon
124
gun
away
Do
to be
this girl
How
by
long
was brought
selling)
is
father died
since
it
your
month
it
done
since this
was
s\)^
ill
for
a (the
-so\,
jcs
last)
year
It
is
three years and
months since he went
five
How
Is
my
It
is
Is
it
up
torn much ?
torn to pieces?
rung now.
O'fjs.d
CrfQacWd O<2)o<^.5D)D
eQ5)o
has been
it
rid of
to be
where
up ?
No,
it
.sa 255^^00
I wish
done.
is all
SEVENTY-THIRD LESSON.
Did you
(firing)
At what time
(i.
d.
for
eg
125
is
broken
55j.ecd
eaitfoiS
@>6)<*o)3
@>i)
Has
come up by the
that tree
roots ?
It has
cSScO
<S}o(3;o ep \.<5
COSD
one)
N. B.
^o)?)3
EXERCISE.
Why
Who
How
Who
box
itself;
126
SEVENTY-FOURTH LESSON.
I,
against him.
He, staring about, ran against
me
As he
epcaso
9GO
_
<2fl
CDj,
lame
Did he not afterwards hang
himself ?
hat is hung on a nail every
My
day
The sack
is
wall
The bat
hangs
hanging on the
on what
cs^^co^Wjrf^SffcS 6(333
it
pleases
noon
tell
me what
6\>J530
ScS<5?2?5
this is called
me what you
Did
I not tell
it
was)
mal
it
tell
call ^S3e)cS3
He
Whether (though) he be
or
ill
he must work
well
Scso ^rK^eosSfltf
127
if
the Gover-
tell
me what
1 .should be glad
nor
would
@>
^3(3c00
5)30
O-55<33<5>50c3
(^,-Oj3jSD^)S35@c5
ai<8S
cs^So-J&ID
e?ea)(5
&ts)
5)<5<2dOc3
EXERCISE.
Do
not stare about in that way as you go, child ; if you do,
you will run against some one or other. Were either of you two
hurt, who ran against each other (through) not looking where you
were going ? As he ran staring about, his head struck against a
Had not his brother hung
tree, and he fell and died at once.
himself about a week before? No, he suddenly (&>^?eS@x8SJ)
fell down dead
(i<2)z.s0D)3). Where do you hang your
clothes ? I hang them on a chair.
Can a hat be hung on
a chair ? Yes, it can both be put on and hung on.
As he was
falling from the tree he caught hold of a branch, and hung until
a ladder was brought (&c;Q &Qc33.)
bat came one day, and
hung itself on a rafter of our house. Will any animals come
and hang from the roof of our house to night ? Our monkey
sometimes hangs five minutes by his tail from something. Can
you hang long by your hands on anything ? What do (you) call
long ? Let us suppose half an hour. I do not think I can hang
so long as that.
?
It fired
Have you heard the gun
about five minutes ago. At what time was it generally fired ?
It was always fired at one time.
Have (they) not begun yet ?
No, but it is now nearly time to begin. What is called the
world ? Did I not tell you what it is? I wish some one would
tell me what this
No
strange piece of iron (dative) is called.
one can say exactly what it is. Be so kind as to tell me what
(you) call a piece of iron (nom. case). What is this servant
What do (you) call
called (dat.) ? He (dat.) is called John.
servant (nom.;? One (dat.) who- serves another is called (a)
servant.
The sun is near to rise (it is near sun-rise). He
started near sun-rise.
Did I not tell you what animal the lion
was ? Yes, you said it was an animal of such a kind, but I
I wish some one would go and see whether
forget what kind.
Whether the work has been
the work has been done or not.
done or not, I must be paid. If he has not told you what parti-
(833)
brin
this
water
me
c8433i)
128
Melt
this iron.
Dissolve the
I am very hot
I was, and am very hot
This stone
the sun
He
is
warming himself
is
salt
at the
fire
How
did he get
warm ?
cft
<5td?S)1 (or
Take
Alas
off
jSeto
eps-.^d
Take
off the
c^od
8^
3ic5
lost
Skin
e?<JJ
and clothes
my
and
S>
away
it
(^nda -cd
husk of
this cocoa-
^3?
nut
You have talked enough, but
worked too
It
is
You
little
me to
my
have trampled on
go
toes
(foot)
At what
from market
tS-55 (or
He
)g)
>J@H
EXERCISE.
How
was
this
129
fire.
Has the lead been melted? It has been
melted and cast ()-35?J55<5?>o). Have all the things been put
away from the table ? They have all beeji put away in the
almirah.
Has he taken off his shoes ? No, out he has taken off
his hat and girdle. If you do not bind your girdle on you well,
it will fall off and be lost.
Alas! I lost my golden girdle last
week through this same fault. Why did you not take off your
clothes as you were so hot ? I was afraid
I should
(thought)
take cold if I did.
Can you skin a pig ? I can skin pigs, husk
Does the lion
cocoanuts, and peel potatoes (&CG ^^2^^)j).
when he has caught a sheep, skin it before eating it (ea c^C^ 3
5>}<2o!D) ?
No, he eats it along with the skin (ea88<2d)These children play quite enough (^Qj ,&);> ^td3), but learn too
little.
This iron has been heated enough (tt&Qi efi?^) This
water has become quite hot enough. Make this gruel
a little thinner (^cs^53(5 2>?^^D)3\
This gruel is too thin
warming by the
)<3o
How
);s3c3).
did
it
get so thin
The
coolie
poured in
A nian
by mistake (Q<5^<25d>'S)t8@>>C )'
trampled on my toes and lamed me (it) much (invol :). If you
go amongst that crowd you will be trampled to death by their
some water
:)
feet.
man
^ c3oS)ce.
SEVENTY-SIXTH LESSON.
Had
(or <25>Q<*d)
<>e)&7fQ
S>)o -?9c33
has no means
his
debts,
much
of paying
of
less,
giving alms
He is able to give alms,
much
his debts.
Be-
more, to pay
sides paying
his debts,
Even
No.
2.
he
is
alms
this,
-103 8-55
SSsJQ
them
He
$i&3
ocsJ8QJ
-socs
eftd"
ID
He
terests
is a person of great unconcern
At what time did you reach
He
home
(3*5
w(5&<5i. 'sStf
C0a
(came
Be
We
man
When
went quite
N.B.
EXERCISE.
Had this been done beforehand, you need not have taken so
much trouble. Had you gone a few days beforehand, vou ini^lit
much
less,
care
of
tin-
C*
Ui
'9
JCLbillK
alone a lion.
He has written me that he did not reach home
before twelve o'clock that
He does not care for that
night.
I know; he
always was a person of great unconcern.
Had 1
131
C^S^a
(^tf^dO
dS2to)
with his
(Ci'^^)
to start even.
If I get permission
I shall go in my best clothes
(GaSJSS3aJ
(Oo
We
We
(person), but
bow
to
and
epS
^d^od"
many
worship
80
of holes
am
that board
,<)
it
j.9
(or
132
I>^ vour house thatched
straw or tiled ?
It is boarded
with
*>**
4tfcS5c8,K0
What would
Do you
-53^
<?
dress yourself ?
in
tfegrfi.*^ g
the
tftf
(retinue) f
c?
tag
SCdB3
The queen
qpcntfao
459-55
SCSD
EXERCISE.
Did you
salute
this
morning
I saluted
Whom
do
f<K)S)j).
(S^gs>2Wd
c$Qofor e8o2S5cfljOiJJS)3<Q)(55)? Do you think
are
bowed
ever?
to, it
Alas!
fault
I have
too.
what-
How
did this chatty get holes in it ? It is a very old one, and got
holes of itself.
See, this box is full of holes.
Yes, grubs
it.
Yes, here
Thank you
(3OO
it
is,
I will bore
it
for boring
(for you.}.
133
?
Yes, and the ladies are daily adorned
with the most costly jewels. Who crowned the Queen? I do
not know, but some kings crown themselves.
in beautiful clothes
SEVENTY-EIGHTH LESSON.;
I accepted his present
He
ep
3i
or cKid-Cg
received us as friends
I confessed
He
S)
my
eg ^-egc3<5:f(?i<3}3
faults
<
@<
wrong
He
He
acknowledged
his faults
6D
@x
this
money
Go
is
writ-
this
Do
How
is (may be)
I shall give as a present
to you
The money which
is (has been)
should be given to our
cousin who
was married
left
yesterday
sx5.&X3i
i)
efo>
134
Qaacoo
<$&xn*)3
S
c?3
EXERCISE.
We
He
How many
era.
CK>)!
things alter
(<253(5
You
We
Why
(e<J
The rope
is
is
attracts iron
SM?5>3d
cosae)
drawing (taking)
dragging after the
Q&
<>ce
w
135
after
me
)&}
du.-ty
How much
you
fall
eS^eo^d
Q*b
last
night
If four be subtracted from ten
How many
are
$<55)Q
tQ&zQ
(or
How much
Our house
He
is
in the
town
His house
is
itself
town
little
beyond
it
was on
this side
^i^)83c3
cSrc3
80
It will be (is) about two-thirds
of a mile on this side
Do
Mark
my money
Sc50 ogd_O53<55
or
0.
136
My
money
i*
put out
to in-
Sc>
Cg*d
i(S0
ON*?**
<0
qd
cent.
EXERCISE.
iron is.
attracted by the magnet? No, but
of
needle is attracted by the magnet, so is the heart
If these trees are to take root
things.
Is
wood
As
man
the
by
(bC^^dQ^e
worldly
Your
manunotie.
the soil must be loosened a little with the
As th }\> art of one
cloth is dragging after you on the ground.
man hankers alter drunkenness, the heart of another is drawn
towards good things. Every one was much attached to your
Those we are most attached to are often taken from us
father.
It is not right to be much attached to the world and
first.
The hearts of some men are covered with
to worldly things.
*i2><
the dust of worldly things (<e)d
S<3) and the hearts
coat is very
of others are filled with it and quite spoilt.
Put that fire
This table is very dusty (S)^).
dusty (3>CO>)'
cannot stay in that room,
out, it makes much smoke.
My
We
smokes (so) much. I dreamed last night that five and six
were ten (cSsieoed (8gX)-<K>(3oeoo |)*D3). I have often had
I have had many absurd (JeL) dreams too.
dreadful dreams.
I dreamed that all my money was put out to interest at the rate
Add
of five farthings per cent, and I thought it a large sum.
divide that sum by eleven
together twenty and thirty-five
from what is got from that (>8<2d
{6vcD3 <><2O.O) subtract
then the
to the remainder (<^O<3Y casc^)
dd ten
t
three, and add
last sum is twelve, is it not? Is your house in the village itself?
Yes, but we formerly lived outside the village. Do you think
it
it is
commence
es#3:>e)
137
The preaching
begin at six
There was preaching here
week
>c^3OoS S3CS0
last
too
There
than wear
it
I would rather
were
all
than
lost
my
my
riches
good
name
Do
Pour out a
a
name
glass of wine,
and
)iQs$
of
all
his
difficulties
and
hardships
85
He made
great
supplication,
They
are disputing
(must) speak
They
are
who
^3-58
shall
first
disputing (divided,
We
What
place are
(favour), Sir ?
you going
to
<5>|
(
am
Some
goods
No.
2.
gc5V><2^<55
<ft.S>4S0
>
J)8
8^)<5 8<2D4s>
si
138
EXERCISE.
Is there preaching
English in this town ? There is preachNext
here in English, Singhalese and Tamil.
ing every week
in the French lanWednesday evening there will be preaching
will (it) commence ? I think (it) will begin
guage. At what time
Prayer meetings Avere held in this place every
at half-past six.
minister began with prayer; we then
day last week. The"
and one of us concluded that
(eg*)) all sung a beautiful hymn,
Who preaJied in your
service (&
-s^ocs) with prayer.
church yesterday morning? No one preached, but a prayer
rather burn that book than read
meeting was held. He would
He preferred burning his old clothes lo
it (<ssi.'ii)-63^ '3y
It is not every man
giving them to the poor (<S5i<f3Q^Oo).
who prefers losing his riches to his good name (e5)i-5?
Pour me out. a cup of tea, and
<i e3t?.$S3
^5j@))<S).
pour a little water into another cup and give to this boy.
Have you thrown away (ep;255 SS-^tf-srSo, ^^080) the c
in
g>
EIGHTY-FIRST LESSON.
He
Our
It
affairs
D3-.o3
dangerous to defer
salvation of the soul
is
fp^dJs0^6 C3acc
the
epcd JS3J<533
aoeo
~
pos5) CDi.eS
*>
q*5^
139
This
life is
d'SSDce
<><g)f}6)
The
.
relationship between us
and our parents is a close
one, but it is insignificant
when compared with the
relationship between us and
our Creator
epad
Word
Apply (compare,
fit)
what has
(or
favour
Few
we
(like
There
is
<)
exalt
God
ass
new
vitality,
and
new
obtain
live (act,
life
3O
30^5308
140
the
you want) to wear
crown of life in the next
world, (you) must wear the
robe of" His righteousness
(If
o*3
&
88d<3S
^r l
<^
)eS}OJ
in this
exclude
Subdue
lusts,
worldly desires from the
heart, and pass (your) time
doing the works of love to
evil
BfiT5i<5e9,
p8>><s5 @C
(*cd0<5J
8.
cC3<^J<584rf 4S0
egoatf ace 3
cs
EXEttCISE.
(C^
Creator, does not act according to it! What is the relationship between us and God? He is our Creator, Governor,
Preserver, and Saviour.
belong altogether to Him, and
to serve Him with all our mind (-8cft@cd) and heart and
his
We
life, is
it
is
(f^^^)
'
141
Have such
We
We
come
We
sider
how
it
How many
applies
^M!Dast6)
(cp{^C3CQiS,
to others.
We
no
profit whatever,
all
His
flesh
we understand
but
if
He
is
to me
talks superfluously
If he does any
work
keep
it
is
over, I
yourself
When we met
each other
talked about the persons
had passed on the road
,2>yQ
>
-eScso
^cT
5acd
gtf
we
we
agg)
)tS3g<
<3
<s
He
cashe
SDeg SiSogd"
pay him
If there
QiSJgtf ce<ss}
.
<S2-25)0
ceS)
cc&>ccD<s55
00^ fpQ
142
It
is
now
after five
You have
spent your
life
in
idleness
the
true
now
light
shines
He
He
is
an acquaintance
He seems angry
He
is
soon irritated
They seemed
He
satisfied
me
N.B.
The
known.
Do
143
Even
God
Nevertheless
graciously
(0
life
"
friend.
EIGHTY-THIRD LESSOR. 3Q
Do
dog which
is
0>S5 gcoJ0S-s5
tied
He
QtfOQ^ ^2)cSa-J
eg
DgSd
He
Man
is all
in
this
precipitated, congealed)
23:sc6o^caed
egOscRjQ
@,oiS9E
eg
efSOJSicJ^
g $fi3d
cag)3iccJ ^^C-335
oc8
f gsoo
9038x3
144
This
oil
and water
are
con-
gealed
The milk is curdled
I have rented (taken on rent)
arden
this gar
I have hir
hired this house
I thought you had taken
it
on
)oc3 fiSksj
lease
He
year
for
eg Cfz.o8
(or
500
He
He
The
on
two
20 each
securities of
in
marriage
If the complainant wins,
the
EXERCISE.
Did you unloose the horse which was tied to this po?t yesterday ? No, but I set free the cow which had got her the) rope
(
(^C33^^)
go
The
certainly so act there as to require to stay there for ever.
only way to get free from sin and sorrow is to accept in the
appointed way the redemption (deliverance
which is provided for us through Jesus Christ. Who can save us from
D^)
145
Who
He
won
his case,
some
friends to our
house
yesterday
He pretended to be a pandit
He
tried to
make me think he
was a king
I perceived that he was a
learned person
I understood" from his conversation that his brother was
sDg}
k)9
<c6j9<;d
,o}<Sta55^20-S55
sDoq^.cd
ill
sun
(is not)
here, because it is
shielded (hidden) by that
large tree
During the eclipse of the moon,
the moon is hidden from the
sun by the earth
Can we conceal ourselves by
seen
There
by common
No.
2.
calamities
C^CP^od
cd
t$<5
146
nothing here to profrom the sun
This umbrella is a protection
from the sun
There
is
tect us
am
delighted that
I have
Sir
How
ea'
^5>S)3C)
SbSCSN
_^^
.'
now
My
The cow
_8)
a small quantity (a
morsel) of sugar or paper
Rain particles (small rain) are
Bring
now
falling
everywhere
alike
jt drizzles
them
I invited
all
to
EXERCISE.
come to the marriage
feast
147
he was
in.
He
explained (&S?(?if)SX?&Q2ob) to
me why
Who
31
tr
t x.
Page.
Page.
47
47
59
Ability
Able, to _.._.
About, concerning w, t
About what time (at)
c
-
Alarmed
SDce (or
Alas
Alike
137
Absence
Absolutely S
Absurd, foolish
70
139
136
86
113
92
3)
Accept
-
Accomplish
Accordant with
-
89
Account
Accustomed
91
Ache
92
112
Acquaintance
Acquainted, to be,
133
142
cp-CSKf
89
69
104
Alive, to be
So
All-
All-day
128
Almighty
Almirah
Alms ^
140
129
129
111
24
97
56
133
71
ca
-
142
Along
Already
.cd
'
Also
Alter
Although
-
80
Act, to 4cS>4&<?<s>9
Action
Always
ea<5 02.2083
-
118
135
132
116
Afraid
80,
After o
Afterwa
eeg)
74
59
85
72
79
36
146
129
<^,
Amazed
Amongst
Amuse
<
80
77
59
Affair
Again
Altogether
140,
Add
Advantage 80808
Advice
117
-.
Angel
Angry,
112
97
127
to be
Animal
Annoy
cS
-
Agitated, to be,
89
116
105
And
Against
adv.
57
5,
Alone
98
Alive, adv.
Acknowledge
Adorn
76
(@.<S)3<3
Accidentally
85
Agree
Aid
Annul
Answer
143
140
101
INDEX.
150
Page.
Page.
Any
Any
Any
C<-
Authority
>
Anticipate, expect
Avoid
Awake
38
Awa
Axe
81
76
131
88
Bag
"
!2
15
Bail, security
144
8
-
one
other -S0.K)
ce
Anything
Anywhere
Apparel 0e33)
Appear sO
Appearance
25
132
112
142
Apply,
&
Back
Bad
80
Baker
.
.
23
68
132
Apprehend, catch
-
93
Bandy
Barber
Approach
-
131
Appropriate
Barely
Basket
Bathe
139
Battle
Be, to
Arrack
70
66
122
Array
132
Arithmetic 3Di83)ci525)
Around
80453CT,
Arrive
-
^@:0ac03
Arrow
tfcnso
g0
Article
As
74, 130
-
30
66
42
42
42
87
79
for
Ass_ 1
Assist
As soon as
At
At
At
all
12
least
24
once
@@
Beat,
106
Attached, to be
.2003
Attempt
flog,
61
134
42
03
42
Beat, win
Beautiful
40
35
Because (conj.)
Because (adv.)
Become @8K)03
Bed
69
Beef
26
Before
CC-
Before-hand
50
<253
129
Beggar
72
Begin
Beginning
6.'}
62
79
120
57
Behaviour
Behind
Attend
bruise
Behave
03,
4
10
81
89
Be
-
Attract ...Q
At what time
43.
131
45
Ascertain
Ask
Ask
104
129
83
39
Being (person)
ec-e)ccj,
131
Beings (persons)
130
81
INDEX.
151
Page.
Believe
Believe (i'eligiously)
Belon
Beneath ce0
50
Buddha
Buddhist
<
-28
-
62
129
38
135
Besides
Besides that
Betray
Between
Beyond 680,
Big
Bind
Bird
Black
Blacksmith
43
120
144
66
69
19
Blame
Blind
man
Blood
Board
Boat
(5)
120
146
139
@.(3
Body
CxO2
131
3t<?uce, eft CD
114
133
115
Boil
Book
11
Boot
Bore
70
Born, to be
Bottom
Boundary
Bow, to SfioSo
:>(
Boy
ecM
Bo'x
c83ca
Bread
Break
Break down
Breakfast
Bribe
Brick
Bridge
Bright, shinin
Bring
Brother
Cage
Calm
Can
Candle
Cannot
Careful
Carpenter
Carpentry 8f}9i5)
Carry away, carry along
48
Cast
(i.
82
113
pour metals)
Catch cold
SS5
18
Cattle
45
Cave
15
15
Cease
Century
41
Certain
Chair
30
Challie
16
111
Cat
Catch
143
112
130
46
46
c.
J2),
-
g^cie
Cast
131
Calamity
131
117
67
145
135
1 1
Change
Chapel
Chatty
8ce
Chest @o8cs (box),
(the breast)
1 1 1
54
135
110
133
92
58
48
133
136
133
68
INDEX.
152
C*
Child
Child-hood
QDo5)ceeo
-
3J553CC8
Od85
Church
City
Claim
Clandestinely, to go
Q) (eoieoS) cc.2003
8S8e,
g>
18
145
67
Conceal
Concerning
Civility
Clean
Page.
Page.
3
84
41
18
114
132
139
113
26
Condemn
Confess 9<33 5*283
Confused, to be,
146
144
115
Congeal
Congee, gruel
Conquer
130
140
Consecrate
Consider
Clear,
Clear up e>)^,2O03
Cleared (of the eye, re
stored,
143
109
dat.)
42
22
Cloud
Coat
03
0^2)
108
Content ca^5
Continue
13 9
cJ
Continually
110
C3\
-
Conversation
Coffee
18
Cold
68
Cook (.)
Cook (*.)
Cocoa-nuts
92
1 1
to light
^303
49
Command
Correctly
Costly
Countless
105
132
aes
to
Cousin
Covenant
90
Cow
memory
24
145
139
Common
ea
Complaint, disease
C?JcS>c8,
C33C3
68
Complainant Oi
144
Comprehend
77
(*.)
q^ao
Compare
25
25
112
Comfortless
Commit
92
140
Collect
Command
139
Contemplate
13
Come
Come
51
Contain
(with gen. or
opened)
146
d&,K>o<9tf,<jGl 100
130
Clever cc
Close
Cloth
Clothes
104
133
144
82
133
140
134
139
67
>e
Creator
Creature
Credit, to,
-
28
Crowd 08QBCO
Crown (v.)
Cruel
Cruelty
Curdle
139
115
-JS
144
INDEX.
153
Pajre.
Page.
Current esiSo.iCT
Curry
Curse
G33O<!5x5<25D03
Cut 2SO&303
112
40
141
28
Difference
@.
Differentl
Difficult
.5i
24
Difficulty
-
^2J^
Daily
Damage
Damp
Danger
Danerous
Dark
3)iCT, 25)69(5"
-
epfQ:53cc
Day (opposed to night) 5
0oe
Death
tf-K)c3
66
^1
44
Disgrace
(5.)
Debt
>cs
Deceive <56Qeo0D
Decide @^)cf>Qj
-63
58
57
30
255\
-
129
66
108
54
Disinclination
24
103
119
6
-
142
to,
-
Dinner, food
CCOCC3
<5Q3D$D>,ao>3 -111
-
137
Diligently
Dine
Discover
<$ <*tf&)
Darkness
48
57
44
129
Disobedient
Disobey f$4
Display @.c
Displeased socs^oso
-
Dispute
89
>
ee
137
140
135
135
139
Disregard
140
S&z)
Deep
Deer
44
131
<5
-
Distanc
Divide
Divine
120
Do
Defeat
Defective,
wanting
Doctor
a)
Defendant
Defer epog
05,3*5 ee
Delay 9
143
144
,333
11
Door @e^5
Door way
41
130
-Dog
Doubt, to
83,
Delighted, to be
Doubtless
^93^5
Delightful
Deliver, commit to
Dozen e,-S
Drag
03
Draw, to
Drawer
Design
(s.)
Desire (s.)
Desolate
Destro
143
105
140
76
Dreadful
135
Dream,
to see a
Detai
-
No.
2.
54
30
134
129
120
'
77
Die
11
it
107
76
97
Dress, to epf
Drink
(228
135
32
13
109
INDEX.
154
Page.
114
Drown
Dry G
CDd^SeoQoEternal eee,2Dg<
Eternity eo^JKoc*
(the body)
3,
Escape caiC
136
Drunkenness
During
Dust
69
Duty
100
Dysentery
Ear
Early
(in the
morning)
-
S*5
81
Earnestly
Earth, the
112
141
(f r
-
ever) ese,S)o@(j
Even
143
24
60
89
66
89
Elk @<^JiOO
Else
121
61
rzWe each
Each
S3
-119
Everyday WT.^
Every thing
i6^3d- 88
Every-where co\C5j.5
74
KSiSoi-co
,
Earth,
oed
18 -
soil,
Earthen
131
Evil (adj.)
Easily
66
36
Easy
Eat
13
Exactly
Exalt
59
139
108
89
Example
Exceedingly
Eclipse
-
Effect
137
fig)
Except
eft -5,
(with neg.)
98
Egg
@
-
Either, or
42
Excess, in
18
Exclude
Empire
Employment
66
or <5drfcD 134
140
83
91
142
Expect
Expense
-
39
End
Experience
Explain
81
Enemy
English
a-
120
36
146
Enjoy
81
39
59
Eye
14
Face
Fact
Fade
Enter
89
Era
Ere
cgczacs,
133
81
14
Extinguish
vide exceed
Extremely,
"
Enough
Entirel
141
cf
ingly
Fail
cftCD, cpifl&
ttf>3
63
146
93
INDEX.
155
Page
Faith
-
Fall
113
False
Falsehood
35
Far
47
145
gtf,
Farm
Flog
Flower e)Q Fly-about 6$
Fast (arfy.)
<355<3ed
<55$,Ss?9,
-
57
Fast, to
117
28
Foot
measure)
For
(a
48
56
CSDD,
)?,
Forest
(religiously)
cJoeood'S'.cMd
88^03
63
Forget
16
Fault
Favour
Fear
58
139
74
(5.)
<2ac5i5:o8
Fearfully
-
Feast (s.)
Feeble
10
Fence
Fetch
Fever
117
59
105
Few
21
Field
Fierce
ss -
79
Forgive
80
Former
Forsake
Fort
75
137
Fortnight
Fortunate
Fountain
89
Four-fifths
Fowls
Free
88))D
92
French
Frequently
41
15
27
75
Q,
Figuratively
Fresh e?
Friend
esDj'
Find
-
S)
Fine
Finge
62
88
Frighten
From
(abl. case)
,
Fruit
Finish
-
143
Freeze
Fiht
62
79
&c.
<53,
80,
54
Fulfil
92
Full, to be
Fire-
Fire-wood
First
119
27
Furnish (supply)
Future, for the
30
140
Future (time
Garden
115
131
Firstly
Fix
66
Follow
Food
Farthing
Fish
91
75
e
-
59
INDEX.
15G
Page.
Page.
Geography
Generally
-
Gentleman
Get done
&6
nish)
Get
Happen
Happiness
Happy
90
141
128
18
35
ecooS-a
Give
Give ear
36
Glad
Glass
te
135
104
19
8,
68
Hardship
137
67
93
63
Harshly
Haste (a.)
Hasten
Hastily
102
17
11
Glorious
Hard
41
Hat
&c
He
24
Go
God
Gold
Good
90
CS3
Gift
Girdle
Girl
Hanker (draw)
70
127
62
ea.
q,
Goods
Gospel
Governor,
108
13
JOB
12
129
141
Headache
113
69
Health
Hear
So
36
140
Heart
K?
-
91
Head
140
Heat
128
Graciously
Grain
Grass
Great C
Great deal
Grief g.,
21
57
19
9*
136
132
@,
Ground
Grub (worm)
Gruel
Gun
79
Habit g<5i^Q Hair C3S-85J 48
Half CDJK>ca Half an hour o \CMCOcc-3Sj 105
Half past six -3DcSK)-/o(5 - 138
20
Hand
^^
>O3200D,
-
Here <s<8
Hide
112
143
14
22
145
135
Hill J
Himself
Hiuderance
Hire
6)30)0
>
144
Hitherto
Hold
Hole
Holiness
(33
-
141
Her
High
132
)43
Heir
Hell
5iq
Guard (sentiy)gcT<3<5cS3
Hang
140
143 Heaven
120' Heavy
66
,
8883
INDEX.
157
Page.
Page.
Home
co^d-
12
Indeed
Honor
Honorable
-
Hope
>
78
24
Indigent
Industrious
Infant
131
133
Incorrectly
-
49"
142
20
Inform
105
114
Horse
Hot
Hour
109
74
48
Hourly
House @od,
Household (family)
HOW
<&:^J)3@;670<!f
<2>532$
11
134
28
Inhabitant
Inheritance
&
0>e
^0cC-as5<J,
-
107
135
Hungry
Hunter Q)c0>25&<&eo
Hurt
135
138
139
46
131
Instruct
I
Idle
11
51
71
Insufficient
Immediately
79
105
Interchange
-
69
108
106
144
130
89
146
145
Intimate
Involve (confuse)
146
13
Iron
Irritated,
to
be
-
142
(Sc^sco^cJ-
56
Important
Jack wood
Improper
Jail
<aasa
Impudence
146
66
Jewel
Journey
6
Joy
71
79
Jude
Inability
Inch
39
Invite
Illness
2C>
Instrument
1
So
In
105
Intentionally
138
62
112
Impartial
Intend
Hymn
Imitate
139
Instead
111
133
56
Inside
Insignificant
Husk
Ignorant
105
Humility
cp
-
How much
Humbly
Injustice
-
115
(of the
Injury
body)
However
How many
137
,20
Injure
54
48
82
24
Just
Justified, to
be
INDEX.
158
Page.
Page.
Life (concrete)
Kandy
Keep
(abstract) d"0
Kill
14
Liht
Kind
King
64
Light,
130
17
tftf ,
8&
Knife
Knock
28
138
Lake 818
H4
Lame
Lament
Land o3
Language
Know
Last
it
Lightens,
110
58
(^.2550(333
68
137
135
36
51
Large
Last
143
make
to
ca
-
Lad
138
Lift
Like es^^o
Lion
41
74
Listen
41
Literally
141
csQ
Little, a
8<-555,
-
Live
Live (dwell)
48
68
Living, a
ni
Load
Load
Loaf
71
Long
Look
133
Loosen
Lose
143
Loudly
13
135
87
Lately
Laugh
Law
O-
Lawsuit
<:
3,
03
Lead(*.)
Lead (.)
(i.)
(5.)
139
(5"
142
12
88
41
OL@ ^6
137
102
Love
Low
Leaf
Learn
Learned
19
145
(aaj.)
Low, vile,
Lowly
Lust
HO
54
(*.)
142
118
Lease, to
144
24
Least, at
Leave (over)
-2003
Leg
Magistrate
144
134
Magnet
68
<sy>25e
Lesson cos)
Letter
Liar
Liberate
21
gg, 6
,'
Make C
Mammotie C?i
11
120
15
Man
Many
Liberty
Machine
144
104
Mark
25
144
INDEX.
159
Page.
Page.
Marriage, to give in
3C2303.5)e)3
C^)(5,
Marriage feast
egd5)X.
Marry <253e835f 083,
d"2oe3D)ocad.2o>3
Mason o^^<5<5i0j
Master teSacgcaa
Mat
OiQ<3
Matter saod-soDS)
Matter, no
Mix
cad"
-
03
-
144
146
144
Monthly
19
101
Moon
63
146
Moreover
Morning
Mean (o^.)
Means, no
O\,
-
Meat
cd
Medicine
47
26
145
28
38
30
<coJ - 147
t
8,
99
62
137
128
csS)
Meet
Motive
Mountain
Mouth
cs
Much
Mud
eg
39
24
8S)3
Mother
115
118
133
c^
More 3)
Morsel
-
fe
i)
Must
Mutton
16
81
135
114
19
143
33
26
Meet, (assemble)
-
Nail
S,
Meeting
Melt
Melt
Name
?>oc3,
-sc
Near
S0g, Q&>, c
Necessary, to be
110
37
112
79
135
118
57
57
(dissolve)
Need
80,
Mend
Mention
Mercy
Merely
Merit (.$.)
Mile S3i
Milk aS
15
75
140
24
140
135
17
Neighbour
Nest
Net
Never
Nevertheless
New
12
News
86
74
54
67
14
80
Next
Minister
-
Minute
(s.)
Needle
(of
clothes)
8^0 S 3
Mischief
Miserable
41
103
72
cp
81
143
129
Nice tfesS
Night 058^cs, c^^gcs dS
No
Noon
Not
Misery
Mistake
Misunderstand
3
47
86
26
Nothin
Now
Nowhere
j
-
101
111
137
130
Number
28
57
I\T)KX.
Page-
Pa-,'.
"I 10
Oath
Obedience
Obedient
108
Own
(acknowledge)
133
79
'
Owner
-
Ox
57
105
^6
'
40
49
Pardon,
^c3^
93
Parents
Partaker
Obey
Object (design)
>x
Obliged
Obtain
Occasion ^*.) 9:3608,
-.(55300, 05(5"
Paddy
21
54
56
Pair
Paper
to,
Occur
O'clock, what, $itsj
Office,
(place)
133
64
Often
Oil
Old erf*?,
On
QS),
Once
80,
(animal)
(person)
Past (last)
57
29
Peace
0.55J
(thing)
119
23
59
119
131
Onions
to
Opinion
Opportunity
Oppose
98
142
92
Peel
17
14
Pencil
People
l:
Percent
135
.:'.
Perceive
Perfectly
@.e>-5oq
25
Perform
^a<5
Perhaj)8 S3C53
104
Oranges
Order (s.
Permission
Ordinary
132
Permit
117
Person
1 ;) I
70
Originall
-
C5)z.i
Others
D
-
38
Perspire
Picture
78
Piece
Pierce
Other side
Otherwise
8
Ought
Overtake
-
Overtake
140
C3
Pen
29
29
Only
Open,
'
Pay
-
ffif
One
-a
Pass by, to
Pass away C3g%0303,
5G
6<!S>:3i
00535)353
One
One
l44
ea*- 12
(in a fault)
130
epg
145
57
Pig
Pin
60
68
54
42
132
11
Pit P.
Place
Plain
Plants
66
2.1
101
161
INDEX.
Page.
Pago.
J8S0203
Plant, to
Plate
88
64
Prick
e^eo03
113
Play
19
Pleased,, to be
41
(gca^
Pleasure
Plenty
cient)
(suffi-
68
Print ^
Prisoner <
Procession
Procrastination
Poison (s.}
js,
Poisonous 0ea
;-
oo
J37
113
118
120
140
cso
Procure
CSDCK) '-0
Plough
Plunder
115
Profitable
So
108
77
139
Progress
Polish
118
89
26
54
Pond
Promise
Poor
Pork
G-i
Positively
Possible
91
- 135
Post
Post Office
(weight)
-
137
Powerful
-
Pray
54
SD
Proximity
Pundit
Punish
108
145
145
eo
-
116
145
ceo
76
45
Praise
Preach
Preaching
137
120
137
41
Pure 688
Purpose (5. )cp5oea
CS"
Purposely
Prepare
Sg
107
Presence
50
24
Present
Punishment
Precisely
Prefer
<5Horfca
(gift)
Present, to
133
1 1 1
145
116
C
Proper
Protect
Protection
Provide
Potatoe
Pound
Pour
Power
Promise (*.
Pronounce 321
03
Proof S)3g0,
Quantity
Quantity a small
105
57
14
114
115
146
uarrel
Pretend
Previous
No.
2.
ga9cs5,
a
-
92
162
\1)K\*.
Page.
;
Queen
Question
Quickly
Remember
Rent,to
(
spoil
8c
Restore
rain)
-
146
120
146
80
86
54
Ready
-
Really
Reason, to
(..)
Revolve
Reward,
$
Right &8
Righteousness
39
139
Road
Recover (health)
(gS) <^aD03
(vide ob-
Redemption (deliverance)
-
<9
144
130
S
-
139
57
132
(stay)
47
03(5",
Room
>3uc?, (space)
-
44
Roost
13.1
Root
Rope
1:J 4
134
8s 0-
59
25
Round
(a
Run
.
Remain over
137
47
Robber
Robe
Rock (.)
Roof
tain)
Si*, (S5ic8
Regardless @i#?oceiC
Relationship D\.<5>:,
^8
be
Reconciled, to
l\'\ce
^,
Rich @O3S>D30SS5.
89
?>
140
<255-j
117
1:54
cos? So,
Ci*3
>i#
cScB0 cgtft-
*>'5?a)
Reasonable
Receive
Relatives
Relics S)3-G5>
Ki'turn
8s),
-
83,
Remain
Resplendent
Re.^t, the
Rate
Rather
Ravel
Reach (arrive
Reason
38
134
132
(*.)
109
Rain, to
Rain
Repentance
Require (need)
Quite
Quite
70
144
143
142
64
(5.)
81
132
-133
163
INDEX.
Page.
Sad
45
-
Safe
109
66
Salary
15
131
Salt
Salute
Salvation
Same
140
60
142
134
140
130
Save (reserve)
(deliver)
S)e3
Saviour
-
Saying
Scald
Scholar
School @.SS35XfQc3,
108
115
51
C3
108
School-master
Season
^, cascades, esfi^ca
- 109
(5) jffoccs
Security (bail)
q??c3
See ^d33,3, e
rf
Seek -.eBScceaSs
-c5)8o
Seem, appear,
Sell
146
43
62
142
136
28
74
132
14
>
137
145
Sheep
Shine
DL
Ship
142
114
19
19
Shoemaker
Shoe
Shower
1 1 1
(a.)
Show
Shut
Side
Sight, to
know by
70
135
135
D
-
117
13
131
Simply
Sin
and
Since
Sin
Singhalese
Sink d3?
Sinner
64
64
137
36
114
139
Sir
Sister
Sit
14
16
62
Skin, to
-
5,
$2,
129
129
119
Sleep, to <f3e,G3.?5}2o)3
-jgis
5^
Sign, to
Silk
64, 143
Severe
35
(adjust)
Setting aside
Set up straight
Several
Shave di
She a>x
Shed tears
Sign
131
Sense (meaning)
Sentence (of a judge) SjcS
, (of words)
- 110
'
86
Serious
C3
Servant
25
csj
Set
143
)o
Shall
11
Send
Settle
c>cs,
caao)3-
Say
Sea
Sew
Shield
Satisfied, to be
Savage
Service
44
68
Sleepy
Small
31
67
13
INDEX.
164
Page.
Page.
Smash
Smoke
f 00D,
gt)cr>23eo03
Soap eeQ*i
od
Soil
41
135
Soldier <s?>503ce3
Some ecC8i5
Some one cs<
136
69
56
0-355
Something cs9
Sometimes c5
106
115
132
Stop
Strange
Straw
Stream
Street
Strike
1 1
8^ca
64
<K)C5D<2>DEb
string
-
13
Strive,
26
^8
83
Subdue
try
eo
Strong cs5
108
140
24
78
77
135
Soon
-
>0,
Sorrow <5as?(595>,
69
Sorry
143
56
Soul qn<5J9cc,
Sound, (whole)
Subject (.)
Submissive
Submit
cs0J
Subtract
Succeed
Sort, what,
139
138
co
-
68
93
76
Suffer
Sun
143
15
136
109
Superfluously
141
Sugar
120
35
Sow
Speak
Spell
Sum
Sup, to
Spend
105
133
Spiritual
141
Supplication
81
58
Spite *.S)JS>c8,
up C
Spoil, damage
Split
41
120
Stab
Stable
71
Stand, stay
Start
State
coe)K)oS
Stay
62
74
120
35
to
Steal,
59
60
137
Support
-
Suppose
03,
cfi
Sure eo
Survive
Sweep
Still,
51
101
134
79
15
Tailor
<
54
<
Stile
Stone
69
Table
Steel
Stick
49
yet
Take place
45
100
66
13
137
24
Tall
Tamil
Taxes
104
INDEX.
165
Page.
Teach
Teacher
27
Tear, to <g<5.2o)3
Toe
Tell
112
54
28
GD
Than
89
44
Thanks, many
q$
^1^03
(s.)
6-.3,(toll place)
To-morrow @osoO
Too
35
36
qQc3
49
39
Tool
46
132
129
To-day
Toll
Page.
-,S?25D
Q
25
41
Tear up
Tease &
Telescope
>B,
Tired
129
136
Town
135
129
Trample
Translate
-
That,~this,&c.
15
Thatch
-
132
Then
There dz
Therefore
5
-
These
They
680
Thick
Thief
Thin
g JB,
51
19
Trouble gas,
Trousers
>@C8)
38
15
True esi^t
Truth
Try
11
49
93
26
91
45
35
93
cO
144, 146
<
Thing
Think
45
46
48
146
Thirsty 8coes-
Though
Thread (s.)
Through (by means
Throughout
Throw
Thunder
D
-
Tiger
139
137
114
110
74
Umbrella
Unable
Uncertain
Unconcern
(of day)
(of year)
132
63
to
Unfortunate
59
131
84
99
90
&<g)
Unite
105
140
Unkind
Unless
Unintentionally
81
3*
130
Understand
Undertake
Undoubtedly
109
110
54
139
e5^D
Tile, to
Till, until
Ugly
of;
-
Time
pi. GD
Tribulation
-
87
47
88
69
54
Travel
Tree c^C53,
51
INDEX.
166
Page.
Unloose
Until
),
89,
Use
107
88
14
130
Valid, to be
-
?&3
Valuable j>#^3<ft,
ep<53" cfz.43
Variance, to be at
140
45
137
Various
Various kinds
Very
6toCSS>
Vessel
Village
Violence
S>
79
24
131
137
*d
Vowel
Wages
cS
Wall
Walk
115
13
117
97
co
wet)
Wet
Whether
Which
Which one
83,
,
cd)3
-
44
(get
111
11()
12
30
41
42
47
30
-13
-
Whip csa5<^a
41
63
Whole
60
132
Whom
Why
40
35
128
Wind,
140
Wind
Wicked
76
gtfi, <r.^0
Width OCC 49
Wife K)3a:Sj0, cee
90
Wild -beasts Q?,i09.cC3- 136
-
74
to (turn)
1 1 1
(cloth-
13
es)
26
Waste
Watch
142
(noun)
25
44
Will
Wash
Whilst
Warn
137
)j.c9^c<3-
What
46
45
69
Warm
cs<5lO
0Db
season
Who
63
50
-112
Wet, damp
Wet, to @i3)S)20)->,
Walking-stick
to
0\40<yOt)a-
cc-63c3
41
Want,
131
14
Weight
Well
2:83,
Q
Week
Weep
Where
rfi
13
When
Voluntarily
^3?Q3
Wlialcver
Violent
114
AVeakness
Wt-ar
oo
d^cs
(in health)
Weak g@
C^ves>
2)35
Utterly
Page.
Watchman
Ojarco
Unwilling
Upon
143
51
Window
Win
Wisdom gS,),
~
132
144
>,
118
INDEX.
167
Page.
Wish
With
Worth,
Worthy
cc<55,
to
be
(honorable)
r58<S-3ce,
(out-
side)
51
Witness
Woman
Wood Q
-t^S
Wreck,
to be
Wrench
82
25
Wolf
Work,
World
Wound
20
42
110
, e)ii)
artificer
132
82
121
114
Worldly
Worse
Worship, to
from, to
130
"Write
11
Wrong
47
19
49
Yesterday
108
to
48
<5D*i
))
tfcso
Workman,
&-s:3<5
Would
Within
Without
Word
Work
88-2oh
6{SS
97
1 3
55
86
Yet
Young
-O3C
66
135
45
15
Younman
^O'
Youth
16
-
108
000019136
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