Wahid, Fatra S.

Group No.4

Date performed: February , 2015

Date submitted: February 17, 2015
Experiment No.9
Hydrocarbon and its properties

Objectives: At the end of this activity, the students are expected to:

compare the reaction between aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon;

differentiate the reaction between alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic hydrocarbons;
describe the usefulness of the oxidation of hydrocarbons and energy source.

Procedure:
Preparation of acetylene gas
+ Calcium carbide (generator flask)
Fill separatory funnel w/ H2O
Slowly open stopcock & allow H2O to trickle
on Calcium carbide
Collect gas by water
displacement

Reaction w/ Potassium Permanganate

tt #1
tt #1
1 ml Hexane

tt #2
tt #2
1 ml Hexene

tt #3
Tube w/
Acetylene gas

Reaction w/ Bromine
+ 1 ml KMnO4 soln

+ 5 drops 0.05 M KMnO4

tt #1
1 ml Hexane

tt #2
1 ml Hexene
Shake & Observe

Tube w/
Acetylene gas
+ 1 ml Br2 soln

+ 5 drops 0.05 M Br2

Test for Acetylenic Hydrogen
Tube w/ Acetylene gas
Shake & Observe
+ 1 ml Ammoniacal silver nitrate soln
Observe (formation of ppt.)

Test for Aromaticity

tt #1
Benzene & CCl4 (drop)

tt #2
Naphthalene & CCl4

+ small crystal of anhydrous Al2Cl3

Observe
Ignition tests
tt #1
+ 5 drops Hexane

tt #2
+ 5 drops Hexene

Ignite
Observe

Data and Results:

Substances

Treatment

Observations

Hexane (colorless)

+ KMnO4
Ignited
+ KMnO4

Violet solution
Luminous flame
Formation of brown
precipitate
Formation of black
precipitate
Produces flame

Acetylene gas
+ Ammoniacal AgNO3
Ignited

Answers to Questions:
1. Write the chemical equation of the ff:
a. Preparation of acetylene
CaC2 + H2O

Ca(OH)2 + C2H2

b. Combustion of acetylene
2H2C2(g) + 5O2

4CO2(g) + 2H2O

c. Reaction of acetylene with KMnO4

3C2H2 + 2KMnO4 + H2O

HC-(CU)(s) + NH4OH(l) + NH4Cl

d. Reaction of acetylene with Ammoniacal AgNO3

2. What does the positive KMnO4 test indicate?
- positive KMnO4 indicates the unsaturation of aliphatic hydrocarbon. From decolorizing
a cool dilute, neutral potassium permanganate forming a brown precipitate which is MnO2.
3. Classify test compounds as aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon.
4. Differentiate the physical and chemical properties of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons.
- the physical properties of the unsaturated hydrocarbons are pretty much like those of the
saturated hydrocarbons. The molecules are essentially non-polar and thus relatively insoluble in
water. Their intermolecular bonds are the weak Van der Waals bonds. Melting points and boiling
points for the small molecules are fairly low. The larger and heavier the molecules are, the higher
their melting and boiling points are. Meanwhile, aromatic hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons with a
conjugated cyclic molecular structure that is much more stable than the hypothetical localized
structure. Also, aliphatic hydrocarbons consist linear chains of carbons while aromatic
hydrocarbons consist closed rings of carbon atoms.