Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
By
Khalid Yousaf
BS(Continue)Civil Engineering
The University of Lahore.
What is Mechanics?
Mechanics is the physical science which deals with the effects of forces on objects.
The subject of mechanics is logically divided into two parts: statics,which concerns the
equilibrium of bodies under action of forces, and dynamics, which concerns the motion of
bodies.
BASIC CONCEPTS
The following concepts and definitions are basic to the study of mechanics, and they should
be understood at the outset.
Space is the geometric region occupied by bodies whose positions are described by linear
and angular measurements relative to a coordinate system. For three-dimensional problems,
three independent coordinates are needed. For two-dimensional problems, only two
coordinates are required.
Time is the measure of the succession of events and is a basic quantity in dynamics. Time is
not directly involved in the analysis of statics problems.
Mass is a measure of the inertia of a body, which is its resistance to a change of velocity.
Mass can also be thought of as the quantity of matter in a body. The mass of a body affects
the gravitational attraction force between it and other bodies. This force appears in many
applications in statics.
Force is the action of one body on another. A force tends to move a body in the direction of
its action. The action of a force is characterized by its magnitude, by the direction of its
action, and by its point of application. Thus force is a vector quantity..
A particle is a body of negligible dimensions. In the mathematical sense, a particle is a body
whose dimensions are considered to be near zero so that we may analyze it as a mass
concentrated at a point. We often choose a particle as a differential element of a body. We
may treat a body as a particle when its dimensions are irrelevant to the description
of its position or the action of forces applied to it.
Rigid body. A body is considered rigid when the change in distance between any two of its
points is negligible for the purpose at hand. For instance, the calculation of the tension in the
cable which supports the boom of a mobile crane under load is essentially unaffected by the
small internal deformations in the structural members of the boom. For the purpose, then, of
determining the external forces which act on the boom, we may treat it as a rigid body.
Statics deals primarily with the calculation of external forces which act on rigid bodies in
equilibrium. Determination of the internal deformations belongs to the study of the
mechanics of deformable bodies, which normally follows statics in the curriculum.
PROBLEMS
Introductory Problems
2/1 The force F has a magnitude of
800 N. Express F as a vector in terms
of the unit vectors i and j. Identify the x
and y scalar components of F.
Soln.
Soln.
Step1: Free body Diagram
Step5:Vector components of
force
Along x-axis
Fx=520i lb
Along y-axis
Fy= -300j lb
2/3 The slope of the 4.8-kN force
F is specified as shown in the
figure. Express F as a vector in
terms of the
unit vectors i and j.
Soln.
Step1:
Magnitude of force F=4800 lb
Position of point A= -15i-20j
Position of point B=30i+10j
Step2: Free body diagram
Soln.
Step1:Free body diagram
Step2:
Magnitude of force, F=4.8 kN
3
Unit vector of force, n= - 5
4
5
i-
Stpe3:
Position vector of AB, AB=OB OA
AB=45i+30j
2
2
Magnitude of AB, AB = 45 +30
= 54.08
in
Force vector
F= F n
F=4.8(-
3
5
i-
4
5
AB
Unit vector of AB, n= AB
j)
Solution manual by Khalid Yousaf BS(Continue)Civil Engineering The University of
Lahore.fb:khalid03456496268@yahoo.com
45 i+30 j
54.08
nAB =
0.832i - 0.55j
TA= TA nAB
TA=900(0.832i - 0.55j)
TA=(749i499j)lb
But TA= - TB
=-(749i-499j)lb
=(-749i+499j)lb
2/6 The 1800-N force F is applied
to the end of the I beam. Express
F as a vector using the unit
vectors i and j.
Soln.
Step1: Free body Diagram
Soln.
Stpe1:
Magnitude of force F=1800 N
3
Unit vector of force, n= - 5
4
5
Step2:
Magnitude of tension in cable AB,
T = 900 lb
2
i
2
Unit vector of AB=nAB= 2 +32
3
- 2 +32 j
2
Force vector
F= F n
F=1800(-
4
5
i-
3
5
i-
j)
=-1080iN-1440jN
2/7 The two structural members, one
of which is in tension and the other in
compression, exert the indicated
forces on joint O. Determine the
magnitude of the resultant R of the two
3.23
=tan-1( 1.598 )
=26o
Soln.
Step1: Free body Diagram
Soln.
Step1: Free body Diagram
Rx= -3cos60o-2cos30o
Rx= -3.23 kN
y-components of resultant force
R= F
y
R=
R +R
2
x
2
y
Step2:
(3.23) +(1.598 )
R=3.6 kN
Step3:
Angle made by R
Rx
-1
=tan ( R y )
F1=800 lb
F2=425 lb
Given that the resultant force is
normal to x-axis.Therefore the xcomponent of resultant force is
zero.
R= F =0
x
Rx= -425cos+800cos70o = 0
Solution manual by Khalid Yousaf BS(Continue)Civil Engineering The University of
Lahore.fb:khalid03456496268@yahoo.com
800cos 70o
Cos=
425
=49.90
y-components of resultant force
R= F
y
0 +(1077 )
2
R=1077 lb
Representative Problems
2/9 In the design of a control
mechanism, it is determined that rod
AB transmits a 260-N force P to the
crank BC. Determine the x and y
scalar components of P.
Soln.
Step1: Free body Diagram
Force vector P= P n
P=260(5
13
12
13
i-
j)
Soln.
Step1: Free body Diagram
Step1:
Free body diagram
Step2:
Components of force
Fx= -800 cos200
Fx= -752 lb
Components of force
Fy= 800 sin200
Fy= 274 lb
Step3:
Components of force
Ft= -800 cos400
Ft= -613 lb
Components of force
Fn= -800 sin400
Fn= -514 lb
F along x
F along y
along t
along n
Step1:
Free body diagram
Step2:
Components of force along t
Ft= 2 cos(200+300)
Ft=1.286 kN
Components of force along n
Fn=2 sin(200+300)
Fn=1.532 kN
Step2:
x-components of resultant force
R= F
x
Rx= 7cos45o-3cos30o
Rx= 2.35 kips
y-components of resultant force
R= F
y
Soln.
Step1:Free body diagram
R= (2.35i-3.45j)kips
2/14 To satisfy design limitations
it is necessary to determine the
effect of the 2-kN tension in the
cable on the shear, tension, and
bending of the fixed I-beam. For
Soln.
Step1:Free body diagram
Step
2:Magnitude of force F=120 lb
Step2:
Lift force L=50 lb
Ratio of the lift force to drag force
L
D =10
50
D =10
D=5 lb
Magnitude of resultant force R =
L2 + D 2
R=
52+ 502
R=50.2 lb
Step3:
Angle made by the resultant with D
L
tan ( D )
50
tan ( 5 )
-1
-1
= 84.3o
Soln.
Step1: Free body diagram
Soln.
Step1:Free body diagram
Step2:
By the law of sines
Fa
2
o =
sin120 o
sin15
sin15 o
Fa= sin120 o
Fa=0.598 kN
Fb
sin 45
2
= sin120 o
sin 45o
Fb= sin120 o
Soln.
Step1: Free body diagram
Fb=1.633 kN
Step3:
Step2:
By the law of sine
Solution manual by Khalid Yousaf BS(Continue)Civil Engineering The University of
Lahore.fb:khalid03456496268@yahoo.com
Step4:
Pa=R cos300
=800 cos300
=693 N
2/19 Determine the resultant R of the
two forces shown by (a) applying the
parallelogram rule for vector addition
and (b) summing scalar components.
Step2:(a)
From the law of cosines
R2=4002+6002 2(400)(600)cos1202
R2=760000
R2=872 N
Let be the angle made with the
vertical,then by the law of sines
872
600
sin = sin120 o
=36.6o
Step3:(b)
x-components of resultant force
R= F
x
Rx=600cos30o
Rx=520 N
Ry=
-400-600sin30o
Ry=-700 N
Magnitude of the resultant force
R 2x + R2y
R=
Soln.
Step1: Free body diagram
R=
520
R=872 N
Angle made by R
Rx
-1
=tan ( R y )
=53.4o
So the angle made by resultant
with the vertical
=90o-53.4o
=36.6o
2/20 It is desired to remove the
spike from the timber by applying
force along its horizontal axis. An
obstruction A prevents direct
access, so that two forces, one
1.6 kN and the other P, are
applied by cables as shown.
Compute the magnitude of P
necessary to ensure a resultant T
directed along the spike. Also find
T.
2=36.87o
=180o (1+2)
=180o (26.57o+36.87o)
=116.56o
By the law of sine
P
400
sin 2 = sin 1
P= 537 lb
P
T
sin = sin 2
T= 800.541 lb
2/21 At what angle must the 800-N
force be applied in order that the
resultant R of the two forces has a
magnitude of 2000 N? For this
condition, determine the angle
between R and the vertical.
Soln.
Step1: Free body diagram
Soln.
Step1: Free body diagram
Step2:
Magnitude of the resultant force
R=2000 lb
From the law of cosines
20002=14002+8002 2(1400)
(800)cos(180o-)
But cos(180o-)=-cos
Therefore
sin =R
sin ( 180)
800
=18.19o
2/22 The unstretched length of the
spring of modulus k =1.2 kN/m is 100
mm.When pin P is in the position
=30o determine the x- and ycomponents of the force which the
spring exerts on the pin. (The force in
a spring is given by F=kx, where x is
the deflection from the unstretched
length.)
Unit vector
PA
PA=0.1111m
PA
nPA= PA
0.02
0.1093
0.02i+0.1093 j
Soln.
Step1: Free body diagram
PA
=0.18i+0.984j
PA
=13.32(0.18i+0.984j)
=(2.4i+13.1j) N
F=0.0237 kN
F=23.7 kN
2/24 The cable AB prevents bar
OA from rotating clockwise about
the pivot O. If the cable tension is
750N.Determine the n- and tcomponents of this force acting
on point A of the bar.
Soln.
Step1: Free body diagram
Step3:
The coordinates of points A and P are
A=(0.06i,0.04j)
P=(0.08 sin20oi-0.08cos20oj)
P=(0.0274i-0.0752j)
Hence the position vector PA is given
by
PA=OA-OP
PA=(0.06-0.0274)i + [0.04-(-0.0752]j
PA=0.0326i+0.1152j
The magnitude of the vector is given
by
0.0326
PA=
PA=0.1197m
The magnitude of the spring force is
given by
F=kx
Where x=PA - 0.01
x=0.1197-0.01
x=0.0197m
F=1.20.0197
Step2:
Tension in the cable T=750 N
Let Tn and Tt be the components
of force T along n and taxes
respectively
By the cosine law
AB=
OA 2+OB 22(OA)(OB )cos 120o
AB=
(1.5)2+(1.2)22(1.5)(1.2)(0.866)
AB=2.34 m
Sin
sin120 o
2.34
1.2
=26.37o
Step3:
Components of force T along n
T =T Sin
n
Tn=750 Sin26.37
Tn=333.12 N
Components of force T along t
T =-T cos
t
Tn=-750 cos26.37
Tn=-672 N
2/25 At what angle must the 400-N
force be applied in order that the
resultant R of the two forces have a
magnitude of 1000 N? For this
condition what will be the angle
between R and the horizontal?
Step2:
Magnitude of the resultant force
R=1000 lb
Let be the angle between the
resultant force R and horizontal force
700 lb.
From the law of cosines
10002=4002+7002 2(400)
(700)cos(180o-)
cos=0.625
=51.32o
By the law of sines
1000
400
sin = sin ( 180)
o
sin ( 18051.32 )
sin =400
1000
=18.19o
2/26 In the design of the robot to
insert the small cylindrical part
into a close-fitting circular hole,
the robot arm must exert a 90-N
force P on the part parallel to the
axis of the hole as shown.
Determine the components of the
force which the part exerts on the
robot along axes (a) parallel and
perpendicular to the arm AB, and
(b) parallel and perpendicular to
the arm BC.
Soln.
Step1: Given
Force exerted by robot P=90 N
Let parallel force = Pt
Let perpendicular force = Pn
Step2:
(a) Components of force which
the part exerts on the robot along
parallel and perpendicular to the
angle arm AB.
By resolving forces,
Pt=-90cos30
Pt=-77.9 N (parallel force)
Pn=90sin30
Pn=45 N (perpendicular force)
Step3:
(b) Parallel and perpendicular
forces to the arm BC.
By resolving forces
Pt=90sin45
Pt=63.6 N (parallel force)
Pn=90cos45
Pn=63.6 N (perpendicular force)
2/27 The guy cables AB and AC are
attached to the top of the transmission
tower. The tension in cable AC is 8 kN.
Determine the required tension T in
cable AB such that the net effect of the
two cable tensions is a downward
force at point A. Determine the
magnitude R of this downward force.
Soln.
Step1: Free body diagram
Step2:
Solution manual by Khalid Yousaf BS(Continue)Civil Engineering The University of
Lahore.fb:khalid03456496268@yahoo.com
40
2=tan-1( 60 )
2=37.3o
3=180o - 1 - 2
3=95o
Soln.
Step1:Geometric solution
T ac
T ab
sin 1 = sin 2
sin 2
Tab=400 sin 1
sin37.7 o
Tab=400 sin51.3 o
Tab=5.68 kN
T ac
R
sin 3 = sin 1
sin 3
R=8 sin1
R=8
sin 95 o
sin51.3 o
R=10.21 kN
2/28
The
gusset
plate
is
subjected to the two forces
shown. Replace them by two
equivalent forces, Fx in the xdirection and Fa in the a-direction.
Determine the magnitudes of Fx
and Fa. Solve geometrically or
graphically.
Step2:
Let Fx and Fa be the forces along x
and a-axes respectively.
Let R be the resultant force.
From law of cosine
R2=9002+8002-2(900)(800)cos75o
R2=1077300.575
R=1037.93
Step3:
By the law of sine
sin
sin 75
800 = 1037.93
sin =0.744
=48.12o.
sin
sin 45
=
Fx
1037.93
Fx=547.02 N
Step3:
Now considering triangle OCa
By the law of sine
sin ( +65)
sin 45
=
1037.93
Fa
sin ( 48.12+ 65)
sin 45
= 1037.93
Fa
sin ( 113.12)
sin 45
=
1037.93
Fa
Fa=1349.963 N
PROBLEMS
Introductory Problems
2/29 The 10 kN force is applied atpoint
A. Determine the moment of F about
point O. Determine the points on the xand y-axes about which the moment of
F is zero.
Soln.
Step1: Free body diagram
Step2:
The magnitude of force F=10 kN
Let B and C be the points on y and xaxes respectively.
Components of force along x and yaxes.
4
Fx=10 5
3
Fy=10 5
Fy=6 kN
Taking moment about O (CW +)
Mo=Fx5 - Fy4
Mo=85 - 65
Mo=10 kNm
Step3:Considering similar triangles
Soln.
Step1: Free body diagram
3
4
4+x=
5
4+ x
20
3
x=2.67 m
y
3
x = 4
3
y=2.67 4
y=2 m
point B(0,2)
C(2.67,0)
2/30 Determine the moment of the
800-N force about point A and about
point O.
55 i+30 j
552 +302 ]
55 i+30 j
]
62.65
F=43.89i+23.94j
Step3:(a)
Taking moment about O
Mo=OAF
Mo=(-15i-20j)( 43.89i+23.94j)
Mo=(-1523.94)k+(-2043.89)(k)
Mo=518.7k
Magnitude of moment about O is
Mo=518.7 Nmm(CCW)
Step4:(b)
Moment about C
Mc=CAF
Position vector of CA,CA=OA-OC
CA=-15i+(-20-25)j
CA=-15i-45j
Mc=(-15i+(-2025)j)( 43.89i+23.94j)
Mc=(-1523.94)k+(-4543.89)(k)
Mc=1615.95k
Magnitude of moment about C is
Mc=1615.95 Nmm(CCW)
2/32 The force of magnitude F
acts along the edge of the
triangular plate. Determine the
moment of F about point O.
Soln.
Step1: Free body diagram
Step2:
Point A(0,h)
Point B(b,0)
Vector AB=bi-hj
Unit Vector AB=
b ih j
b 2+ h2
AB=
Vector OA=hj
Moment about O MO=
MO= hj [
MO= MO=
Fbh
b 2+ h2
Fbh
b 2+ h2
OA F
Fb iFh j
b2 +h2 ]
(CW)
Soln.
Soln.
Step1: Free body diagram
Step2:
Magnitude of force F=120 N
Moment of force about O (CW +)
Mo=F cos(20o+15o)0.15
Mo=120cos35o0.15
Mo=14.74 Nm
2/34 The throttle-control sector
pivots freely at O. If an internal
torsional spring exerts a return
moment M =1.8 on the sector
when in the position shown, for
design purposes determine the
necessary throttle-cable tension T
so that the net moment about O
is zero. Note that when T is zero,
the sectorrests against the idlecontrol adjustment screw at R.
Step2:
Let the tension required be T
Taking moment about O
(Anticlock wise +) MO=0
1.8 - T0.05=0
1.8
T= 0.05
T=36 N
2/35 A force F of magnitude 60 N is
applied to the gear. Determine the
moment of F about point O.
Soln.
Step1: Free body diagram
Step2:
Magnitude of force F=60 N
Fy=F cos cos20o
Fy=60 cos cos20o
Fy=56.38 N
Taking moment about O (CW+)
Mo=Fy0.1
Mo=56.380.1
Mo=5.64 Nm
2/36 Calculate the moment of the
250-N force on the handle of the
monkey wrench about the center
of the bolt.
Step2: Given
Magnitude of force F=250 N
x and y components of force F
Fy=250 cos15o
Fy=241.48 N
Fx=250 sin15o
Fx=64.7 N
Step3:
Taking moment about O
Mo Fy(0.2)+Fx(0.03)=0
Mo 241.48(0.2)+64.7(0.03)=0
Mo - 48.296+1.92 =0
Mo=46.36 Nm
2/37 A mechanic pulls on the 13-mm
combination wrench with the 140-N
force shown. Determine the moment of
this force about the bolt center O.
Soln.
Step1: Free body diagram
Step2:
Magnitude of force F=140 N
Taking moment about O (CCW+)
Mo=Fcos0.095
Mo=Fcos(25o-10o)0.095
Mo=140cos10o0.095
Mo=13.1 Nm
2/38 As a trailer is towed in the
forward direction, the force F
=500 N is applied as shown to the
ball of the trailer hitch. Determine
the moment of this force about
point O.
Soln.
Step1: Free body diagram
Soln.
Step1: Free body diagram
Step2:
mgcos200 and mgsin200 are
components
of
weight
perpendicular parallel to the
inclined plane respectively.
Soln.
Step1: Free body diagram
Soln.
Step1: Free body diagram
Step2:
Magnitude of force T=32 lb
Taking moment about C(CW+)
Mc=T5
Mc=325
Mc=160 lb-in
For the moment about the contact
point P to be zero,the applied force
should pass through point P.
Let be the angle of T with the
horizontal such that
Soln.
Step1: Free body diagram
Soln.
Step1: Free body diagram
W
S= mg
Step2:
Magnitude of tenion T=780 lb
Taking moment about O (CCW +)
Mo=780cos20o10cos30o-780sin20o5
Mo=6347.62-1333.88
Mo=5013.74 lb-ft
2/44 The uniform work platform, which
has a mass per unit length of 28 kg/m,
is simply supported by cross rods A
and B. The 90-kg construction worker
starts from point B and walks to the
right. At what location s will the
combined moment of the weights of
the man and platform about point B be
zero?
2197.44
S= 90 9.8
S=2.49 m
2/45 In raising the pole from the
position shown, the tension T in the
cable must supply a moment about O
of 72kNm . Determine T.
Soln.
Step1: Free body diagram
Soln.
Step1: Free body diagram
Step2:
Given,moment about O Mo=72 kN
Let T be the tension in the cable
Considering triable OBC
h
sin60o= 30
25.98
27
Soln.
Step1: Free body diagram
=tan-10.9622
=43.897o
From OAC
1800=++120o
1800=+43.897o +120o
=16.103o
Step3:
Mo=40cos14.036o(75)+ 40sin14.036o(425)
Mo=2910.43+4123.035
Mo=7033.465 Nmm (CCW)
Let Fc be the reaction force at C
Taking moment about point O
Mo=0
Fc (825) - Mo=0
Fc (825) - 7033.465 =0
Fc (825) = 7033.465
Fc =8.525 N
2/47 The 2lb force is applied to the
handle of the hydraulic control valve as
shown. Calculate the moment of this
force about point O.
Soln.
Step1: Free body diagram
Step2:
Given,applied force F=2 lb
Taking moment about O (CCW +)
Mo=-2cos20o(10sin60o+1.5)2sin20o(1ocos60o)
Mo=-19.095-3.42
Mo=-22.5 lb-in
2/48 Calculate the moment MA of
the 200-N force about point A by
using three scalar methods and
one vector method.
Soln.
Step1: Free body diagram
Step2: Method1
Taking moment about A
MA=Fcos15o280+ Fsin15o400
MA=200cos15o280+
200sin15o400
MA=74797.4 Nm (CW)
Step3: Method2
387.182+100.212
AE=374 mm
Taking moment about A
MA=200374
MA=74797.4 Nm
Step5: Vector method
r=200i+480j
F=-200 cos15oi+200 sin15oj
MA= r F
MA=(200i+480j) (=-200
cos15oi+200 sin15oj)
MA=74797.4k Nm
2/50 (a) Calculate the moment of the
90-N force about point O for the
condition =15o. Also, determinethe
value of for which the moment about
O is (b) zero and (c) a maximum.
Soln.
Step1: Free body diagram
Step2:
Solution manual by Khalid Yousaf BS(Continue)Civil Engineering The University of
Lahore.fb:khalid03456496268@yahoo.com
Soln.
Step1: Free body diagram
=36.9o
Step4:
Step2:
Let the angle made by the force F with
the horizontal be
360+ 340sin 40110 cos 40
tan=
340 cos 40+110 sin 40
494.283
tan= 331.162
=56.2o
Taking moment about O (CW +)
Mo=FcosOB
Mo=4.5cos56.2o 0.36
Mo=0.902 kNm
2/52 Design criteria require that
the robot exert the 90-N force on
the part as shown while inserting
a cylindrical part into the circular
MB =33.75 Nm
Step3:
Taking moment about A
MA=0
MA P(EF+FB+BG)=0
MA = P(EF+FB+BG)
MA
=90(150+450sin30o+550sin45o)
MA =90(3763.91)
MA =68751.9 Nmm
MA =68.752 Nm
2/53
The
masthead
fitting
supports the two forces shown.
Determine the magnitude of T
which will cause no bending of the
mast (zero moment) at point O.
Soln.
Step1: Free body diagram
Step2:
Let T be the tension in the string.
Taking moment about O
Mo=0
5
5cos30o90+5sin30o90-T 22 +52
2 60
120- T 22 +52 =0
389.71+150-11.42T-22.28T=0
133.7T=539.71
T=4.04 kN
2/54 The piston, connecting rod,
and crankshaft of a diesel engine
are shown in the figure. The crank
throw OA is half the stroke of 8in,
and the length AB of the rod is
14in. For the position indicated,
the rod is under a compression
along AB of 3550lb. Determine
the moment M of this force about
the crankshaft axis O.
=tan-1
Soln.
Step1: Free body diagram
Step2:
OA=8 in
AB=14 in
Compression in the rod AB,
T=3550 lb.
AD=OA cos30o
AD=4(0.866)
AD=3.464 in
OD=OA sin30o
OD=4 sin30
OD=2 in
2
2
BD= AB AD
BD=
3.464
13.56
=14.33o
Step3:
Taking moment about O
(Clockwise +) Mo=FsinOB
Mo=3550 sin14.33o15.56
Mo=13671.81 lb-in
Mo=1139 lb-ft
2/55 The 120-N force is applied as
shown to one end of the curved
wrench. If
=30o, calculate the
moment of F about the center O of the
bolt. Determine thevalue of which
would maximize the moment about O;
state the value of this maximum
moment.
Soln.
Step1: Free body diagram
1423.464 2
BD=13.56 in
OB=BD+OD
OB=13.56+2
OB=15.56 in
AB
=tan-1 AD
Soln.
Step1: Free body diagram
OA=
Step2:
a) Taking moment about C.
MC=0
P8+100cos60o4100sin60o8=0
P=61.6 lb
Step3:
b) Fx=Rx
Rx= - 100cos60o-61.6
Rx=-111.6 lb
Fy=Ry
Ry=100 sin60o
Ry=86.6 lb
2
2
R= R x + R y
R=
(111.6)2 +(86.6)2
R=141.3 lb
Step3:
c)
=tan
-1
Fy
Fx
y=8cos
x=8cos37.81o
x=6.32 in
Step5:
Moment about A
MA=RBA
BA=OA+OB
BA=8+4 cos
BA=8+4cos37.81o
BA=11.61 in
Since MA=RBA
MA=143.311.61
MA=15771 lb-in (CW)
x=8sin
x=8sin37.81o
x=4.9 in
PROBLEMS
Introductory Problems
2/57 The caster unit is subjected to the
pair of 400-Nforces shown. Determine
the moment associated with these
forces.
Representative Problems
2/65 A lug wrench is used to tighten a
square-head bolt. If 250-N forces are
applied to the wrench as shown,
determine the magnitude F of the
equal forces exerted on the four
contact points on the 25-mm bolt head
so that their external effect on the bolt
is equivalent to that of the two 250-N
forces. Assume that the forces are
Resultant
Ch#3 Equilibrium
Step1:Free body diagram
Step2:
Step3:
Step4:
Step5:
1.5'
Soln.
Step1:Free body diagram
PROBLEMS
Introductory Problems
Step2:
Mass
m=200kg
Weight W=2009.81
=1962 N
DC=2sin30o
DC=1 m
AD=2cos30o
AD=1.732 m
BD=2-AD
BD=0.27 m
DC
=tan-1 BD
= tan-1
1
0.27
=75o
Step3:
Solution Manual by Khalid Yousaf BS(Continue)Civil Engineering The
University of Lahore.
.
2RA+2(4050)-13734=0
2RA=2817 N
3/3 A carpenter carries a 12 lb uniform
board as shown.What downward force
does he feel on his shoulder at A?
W
sin ( 180 30o 75o )
o
sin120 o
P=1962 sin75 o
P=1759 N
3/2 The mass center G of the 1400-kg
rear-engine car is located as shown in
the figure. Determine the normal force
under each tire when the car is in
equilibrium.State any assumptions.
Soln.
Step1:Free body diagram
Step2:Weight of the board W=12 lb
Let NA and NB be the reactions at
points A and B respectively.Taking
moment about B,
MB=0
W(2+1)-NA2=0
123-2NA=0
2NA=36
NA=18 lb
Step2:
Mass of car m=1400kg
Weight
W=14009.81
W=13734 N
Fy=0
Since there are two front and two rear
tyres of a car,therefore
2RA+2RB-13734=0
(i)
Taking moment about A
MA=0
2RB(1.386+0.964)-137341.386=0
4.7RB=19035.324
RB=4050 N
(ii)
Using the value of RB in (i)
Soln.
Step1:Free body diagram
Soln.
Step1:Free body diagram
Step2:
Weight of TV,
W1=709.81
W1=686.7 N
Weight of the cabinet
W2=249.81
W2=235.44 N
Taking moment about A,
MA=0
NB 0.7-W10.6-W20.35=0
0.7NB -686.70.6-235.440.35=0
0.7NB-412.02-82.404=0
0.7NB=706 N
Now
Fy=0
NA+NB-W1-W2=0
NA+706-686.7-235.44=0
NA=216 N
Solution Manual by Khalid Yousaf BS(Continue)Civil Engineering The
University of Lahore.
.
RA+3718=6572.7
RA=2854.7 N
3/7 Calculate the force and moment
reactions at the bolted base O of the
overhead traffic-signal assembly. Each
traffic signal has a mass of 36 kg,while
the masses of members OC and AC
are 50 kg and 55 kg, respectively.
Soln.
Step1:Free body diagram
Soln.
Step1:Free body diagram
Step2:
Weight of each traffic signal is 80 lb.
Weight of members OC and AC are
110 lb and 120 lb respectively.
Let Ox,Oy and Mo=0 be the reactions
and
reactive
moment
at
O
respectively.
Considering forces along x-axis
Fx=0
Ox =0
Considering forces along y-axis
Fy=0
Oy-80-80-110-120=0
Oy=390 lb
Taking moment about O
Step2:
Weight of the I-beam W1=4509.81
W1=4414.5 N
Weight of the drum W2=2209.81
W2=2158.2 N
RA+RB=4414.5+2158.2
RA+RB=6572.7
(i)
Taking moment about A,
MA=0 (CW+)
4414.54+2158.25.6-RB8=0
RB=3718 N
Putting this value in (i)
3.73NB=732.29
NB=196.3
Using this value in (i)
0.966NA-0.5(196.3)=0
0.966NA=98.15
NA=101.6 N
3/9 A 120 lb crate resets on the 60 lb
pickup tailgate. Calculate the tension T
in each of the two restraining cables,
one of which is shown. The centers of
gravity are at G1 and G2. The crate is
located midway between the two
cables.
Soln.
Step1:Free body diagram
Soln.
Step1:Free body diagram
Step2:
Mass of the sphere, m=20kg
Weight of sphere, W=209.81
W=196.2 N
Considering forces along x-axis
Fx=0
RA cos150-RB sin30o=0
0.966NA-0.5NB=0
(i)
Considering forces along y-axis
Fy=0
RA sin150+RB cos30o-196.2=0
0.966NA+0.5NB=196.2
0.259NA=196.2-0.866NB
NA=758.06-3.344NB
(ii)
Putting above value in (i)
0.966(758.06-3.344NB)-0.5NB=0
732.29-3.23NB-0.5NB=0
Step2:
Weight of the crate
W1=120 lb
Weight of the tailgate W2=60 lb
12
tan= 9.5+2.75
=tan-10.9796
Soln.
Step1:Free body diagram
Soln.
Step1:Free body diagram
Step2:
Weight of the generator W=1609.81
W=1569.6 N
Let F be the force required.
Let RA and RO be the reactions at A
and O respectively.
For F=0
Solution Manual by Khalid Yousaf BS(Continue)Civil Engineering The
University of Lahore.
.
Soln.
Step1:Free body diagram
Soln.
Step1:Free body diagram
Step2:
Weight of the trunk
W=1200 lb
Let T be the tension in the cable
Taking moment about O
Mo=0 (CCW+)
1200(12sin5o)-T(10+4)cos15o=0
T=81.21 lb
3/14 To facilitate shifting the position of a
lifting hook when it is not under load, the
sliding hanger shown is used. The
projections at A and B engage the flanges
of a box beam when a load is supported,
Step2:
Force applied F=40 N
Let the tension in portion BC be T
Let Ro be reaction at O
Taking moment about O
Mo=0 (CCW+)
Tcos45o(32)+Tsin45o(36) 40cos10o(78+32)-40sin10o(27)=0
T=94.06 N
Soln.
Step1:Free body diagram
Soln.
Step1:Free body diagram
Step2:
-TACcos45o+294.3cos15o-TBCcos60o=0
0.707TAC+0.5TBC=284.27
(i)
Fy=0
TACsin45o+294.3sin15o-TBCsin60o=0
0.707TAC=0.866TBC-76.17
TAC=1.225 TBC-107.74
(ii)
Using (ii) in (i)
Step2:
Weight of the block W=3009.81
W=2943 N
Let RA and RB be reactions at A and B.
Taking moment about A
MA=0 (CCW+)
29430.4 - RB0.6=0
RB=1962 N
Considering forces along y-axis
Fy=0
RA-RB-W=0
RA=1962+2923
RA=4905 N
3/15 Three cables are joined at the
junction ring C. Determine the tensions in
0.707(1.225TBC-107.74)+0.5TBC=284.27
0.866TBC-76.17+0.5TBC=284.27
1.366TBC=360.44
TBC=263.87 N
Using above value in (ii)
TAC=1.225(263.87)-107.74
TAC=215.49 N
3/16 A 700-N axial force is required to
remove the pulley from its shaft. What
force F must be exerted on the handle of
Soln.
Step1:Free body diagram
Soln.
Step1:Free body diagram
Step2:
Let Ox and Oy be the reactions at O along
x and y directions respectively.
Let Mo,be the reaction moment at O
Self load of the beam portions.i.e
F1=509.81(1.8+0.6)
F1=1177.2 N
F1=1.117 kN
F2=509.81(0.6+0.6)
F2=588.6 N
F2=0.589 kN
Step3:
Taking moment about O
Mo=0
Mo-F11.2-32.8-F2(2.4+0.6cos30o)+4
1.4(2.4cos30o+1.2)=0
Mo-1.1771.2-5.4-0.5892.916+41.43.278=0
Mo-1.41-5.4-1.72+4-4.59=0
Mo=9.12 kNm
Fx=0
Ox+1.4sin30o=0
Ox+0.7=0
Ox=-0.7 kN
Fy=0
Oy-F1-F2-3-1.4cos30o=0
Oy-1.177-0.589-3-1.21=0
Oy=5.98 kN
Step2:
Total axial force F requires is 700N
Since two prybars are acting at both
sides of the pully,the axial force by
each prybar would be 350N.
Taking moment about E
ME=0 (CCW+)
F
- 2
0.038+Fcos5(0.25)+Fsin5(0.031)=0
-13.3+0.249F+0.0027F=0
0.252F=13.3
F=52.84N
3/17 The uniform beam has a mass of 50
kg per meter of length. Compute the
reactions at the support O.The force loads
shown lie in a vertical plane.
Representative Problems
Solution Manual by Khalid Yousaf BS(Continue)Civil Engineering The
University of Lahore.
.
Soln.
Step1:Free body diagram
Soln.
Step1:Free body diagram
Soln.
Step1:Free body diagram
Step2:
Length of the pole, L=15m
Weight of the pole, W=1509.8
W=1471.5 N
Let T be the tension in the cable.
Let RA and RB be the horizental reactions
at A and B respectively.
OB2+122=152
Step2:
Applied force 24 kN
Let RA and RB be the reactions at A and B.
Here RA=RB
Fy=0
24-RAcos15o-RBcos15o=0
2RAcos15o=24
RA=12.42 kN
RA= RB=12.42 kN
3/19 The uniform 15m pole has a mass of
150 kg and is supported by its smooth
ends against the vertical walls and by the
tension T in the vertical cable.Compute
the reactions at A and B.
OB=
152+ 122
OB=9 m
Fx=0
RA=RB
Fy=0
T-1471.5=0
T=1471.5 N
Step3:
AC
AO
=
AD
AB
AC
12
=
5
15
AC=4 m
Now consider trianglesAFE and ABO
AE
AO
=
AF
AB
AE
12
=
7.5
15
AE=6 m
Taking moment about A (CCW+)
MA=0
RB9-1471.56+1471.54=0
RB=327 N
RA=RB=327 N
3/20 Determine the reactions at A and E if
P = 500 N. What is the maximum value
which P may have for static equilibrium?
Neglect the weight of the structure
compared with the applied loads.
P8-4000cos30o(4)=0
8P=13856.4
P=1732 N
3/21 While digging a small hole prior to
planting a tree, a homeowner encounters
rocks. If he exerts a horizontal 225-N force
on the prybar as shown, what is the
horizontal force exerted on rock C? Note
that a small ledge on rock C supports a
vertical force reaction there. Neglect
friction at B. Complete solutions (a)
including and(b)excluding the weight of
the 18kg prybar.
Soln.
Step1:Free body diagram
Soln.
Step1:Free body diagram
Step2:
Step2:
Let (Fc)x and (Fc)y be the horizontal and
vertical reactions at C.
Let FB be the force exerted by rock at B
(a) Considering the weight of the prybar.
Taking moment about C
MC=0
5068+4034tan20o-FB
Soln.
Step1:Free body diagram
8
o
cos 20 =0
3400+495-8.51FB=0
8.51FB=3895
FB=457.7 lb
Taking force along x-axis
(Fc)x+50- FBcos20o=0
(Fc)x= 457.7cos20o-50
(Fc)x=380 lb
Step3:
(b) Excluding the weight of the prybar.
Taking moment about C
MC=0
5068-FB
8
cos 20o =0
FB=399 lb
Taking forces along x-axis.
Fx=0
FC- FBcos20o+50=0
FC- 399cos20o+50=0
FC=325 lb
3/22 Determine the force P required to
begin rolling the uniform cylinder of mass
m over the obstruction of height h.
BC=
r 2+(r h)2
BC=
r 2r 2h2+ 2rh
BC=
2rhh2
BC
sin= AC
sin=
2 rhh2
r
P(r-h)-mgr
P=mg
2 rhh2
r
Ox=48.8 N
Fy=0
Oy-Fsin10o=0
Oy=2.43 N
Magnitude of reaction at O
=0
2 rhh2
r h
O=
2
x
+ O y2 =
48.82 +2.432
O=48.86 N
3/24 A person holds a 30-kg suitcase by
its handle as indicated in the figure.
Determine the tension in each of the four
identical links AB.
Soln.
Step1:Free body diagram
Soln.
Step1:Free body diagram
Step2:
Weight of the suitcase W=60 lb
Number of links is 4.
Let T be the tension in each link,so there
are 2T force in the left and right.
Fy=0
60-4Tsin35o=0
Tsin35o=60
T=26.15 lb
3/25 A block placed under the head of the
claw hammer as shown greatly facilitates
the extraction of the nail. If a 200-N pull on
the handle is required to pull the nail,
calculate the tension T in the nail and the
magnitude A of the force exerted by the
hammer head on the block. The
contacting surfaces at A are sufficiently
rough to prevent slipping.
Step2:
Let F be the force applied at handle.
Let Ox and Oy be the horizontal and
vertical reactions at point O.
Given that 35N of force is the reactive
force at B
Taking moment about O
Mo=0
3518-Fcos10o(38)- Fsin10o(44)=0
45.06F=630
F=13.98 N
Ste3:
Fx=0
Ox-Fcos10o-35=0
Ox-13.98cos10o-35=0
Soln.
Step1:Free body diagram
Soln.
Step1:Free body diagram
Step2:
Force applied on the handle F=50 lb
Let T be the tension in the nail.
Let Ax and Ay be the horizontal and vertical
reactions at A respectively.
Taking moment about A
MA=0
508-2T=0
T=200 lb
Fx=0
Fcos20o -Ax=0
Ax = 50cos20o
Ax = 46.98 lb
Fy=0
Fsin20o +Ay-T=0
Ay =T- 50sin20o
Ay =200- 50sin20o
Ay =182.9 lb
The magnitude of the force A exerted by
the hammer head of the block.
A=
A=
46.982 +182.92
2
x
Step2:
Let the load weight be WL
Weight of the truck
W=3600 lb
Let the normal forces at A and B be R A
and RB respectively.
Given that the normal forces under the
front and rear wheels are equal.
RA=RB
Taking moment about A
MA=0
3600(45)+ WL(45+67+16)- RB(45+67)=0
162000+ 128WL-112RB =0
(i)
Considering forces along y-axis.
Fy=0
RA+RB-3600-WL=0
2RB =3600+ WL
(ii)
Using (ii) in (i)
162000+ 128WL-56(3600+WL) =0
162000+128WL-210600-56WL=0
72WL=39600
+ A y2
A=188.8 lb
Ax=32 N
Step3:Free body diagram of fixture only
Soln.
Step1:Free body diagram
Soln.
Step1:Free body diagram
Step2:
Weight of the light W=2.59.81
W=24.53 N
Let Ax,Ay and Bx be the reactions at A and
B respectively.
Taking moment about A
MA=0 (CW+)
Bx230-24.53300=0
Bx=32 N
Considering fores along x-axis
Fx=0
Ax-Bx=0
Ax-32=0
Step2:
Taking moment about P
MP=0
MP-MG-Ld-Dh=0
MG=MP-Ld-Dh=0
Soln.
Step1:Free body diagram
Soln.
Step1:Free body diagram
Step2:
Tension T1=2 kN
=30o
Let Ay be the reaction at support A
Taking moment about A
MA=0 (CW+)
P600-2100sin30o=0
P=0.1667 kN
Considering fores along x-axis
Fx=0
T2-T1+P sin30o=0
T2-25+0.16670.5=0
T2=1.92 kN
3/30 The device shown is designed to
apply pressure when bonding laminate to
each side of a countertop near an edge. If
a 120-N force is applied to the handle,
determine the force which each roller
exerts on its corresponding surface.
Step2:
Force applied at handle F=30 lb
Let the reaction forces at B and C are RB
and RC respectively.
Considering triangle BCO
OB=3.5tan45o
OB=3.5
BC=
OB2 +OC 2
BC=
3.52+ 3.52
125
sin= 325
=22.62o
Taking moment about O
Mo=0 (CCW+)
2200-T125=0
T=3.2 kN
Considering fores along x-axis
Fx=0
3.2cos22.62o+Rx=0
Rx=-2.95 kN
Considering fores along y-axis
Fy=0
Ry-2-3.2sin22.62o=0
Ry=3.23 kN
Magnitude of the reaction force R
R=
R=
(2.95)2+(3.23)2
2
x
+ R y2
R=4.37 kN
3/32 In a procedure to evaluate the
strength of the triceps muscle, a person
pushes down on a load cell with the palm
of his hand as indicated in the figure. If the
load-cell reading is 160 N, determine the
vertical tensile force F generated by the
triceps muscle. The mass of the lower arm
is 1.5 kg with mass center at G. State any
assumptions.
Soln.
Step1:Free body diagram
Step2:
Weight acting on the pulley W=2 kN
Let T be the tension in the cable at A
Let Rx and Ry be the reactions at O
Considering the triangle
Soln.
Step1:Free body diagram
Soln.
Step1:Free body diagram
Step2:
Weight of the lower arm is 3.2 lb
Let F be the force in the triceps muscle
load at the palm is 35 lb
Taking moment about O
Mo=0 (CCW+)
35(6+6)-3.26-F1=0
-F= - 401
F=401 lb
3/33 A person is performing slow arm curls
with a 10-kg weight as indicated in the
figure. The brachialis muscle group
(consisting of the biceps and brachialis
muscles) is the major factor in this
exercise. Determine the magnitude F of
the brachialis-musclegroup force and the
magnitude E of the elbow joint reaction at
point E for the forearm position shown in
the figure. Take the dimensions shown to
locate the effective points of application of
the two muscle groups; these points are
200 mm directly above E and 50 mm
directly to the right of E. Include the effect
Step2:
Weight of the lower arm is 3.2 lb
Let F be the force is the Brichiates
muscle load in the palm is 20 lb.
tan= 2/8
=14.04o
Taking moment about E
ME=0 (CCW+)
Fcos14.04o(2)-G6-2014=0
1.94F-3.26-280=0
F=154.23 lb
Considering fores along x-axis
Fx=0
Ex-Fsin14.04o=0
Ex-154.23sin14.04o=0
Ex=37.4 lb
Considering fores along y-axis
Fy=0
Ey-3.2-20+Fcos14.04o=0
Ey=-126.4 lb
E=
(37.4)2 +(126.4 )2
2
x
+ Ey
Mo=0 (CCW+)
Fsin21o(125)-1.99.81130-1.19.81
412- (3.6+0.4) 9.816.35=0
31786.362
F= 125 sin 21o
E=131.82 lb
3/34 A woman is holding a 3.6-kg sphere
in her hand with the entire arm held
horizontally as shown in the figure. A
tensile force in the deltoid muscle prevents
the arm from rotating about the shoulder
joint O; this force acts at the 21o angle
shown.Determine the force exerted by the
deltoid muscle on the upper arm at A and
the x- and y-components of the force
reaction at the shoulder joint O. The mass
of the upper arm is mU =1.9 kg, the mass
of the lower arm is mL = 1.1 kg, and the
mass of the hand is mH = 0.4 kg; all the
corresponding weights act at the locations
shown in the figure.
F=710 N
Considering fores along x-axis
Fx=0
Ox-Fcos21o=0
Ox =662.8 N
Considering fores along y-axis
Fy=0
Oy+710sin21o-1.99.81-1.19.810.49.81-3.69.81=0
Oy=-185.7 N
3/35 With his weight W equally distributed
on both feet, a man begins to slowly rise
from a squatting position as indicated in
the figure. Determine the tensile force F in
the patellar tendon and the magnitude of
the force reaction at point O, which is the
contact area between the tibia and the
femur. Note that the line of action of the
patellar tendon force is along its midline.
Neglect the weight of the lower leg.
Soln.
Step1:Free body diagram
Soln.
Step1:Free body diagram
Step2:
Weight of the upper arm Wu=1.99.81 N
Weight of the lower arm Wl=1.19.81 N
Weight of the hand
Wh=0.49.81 N
Weight of the sphere
W=3.69.81 N
Let T be the tensile force acting in the
deltoid muscle.
Let Ox and Oy be the reactions at joint O
Taking moment about O
Step2:
Let F be the force in the patellar tendon.
Let Ox and Oy be the reactions at O.
Let
Soln.
Step1:Free body diagram
W
2 225=0
F=2.25W
Considering fores along x-axis
Fx=0
Fcos55o-Ox=0
2.25cos55o-Ox=0
Ox=1.29W
Considering fores along y-axis
Fy=0
Step2:
The force at S is 0.9 lb
Let Ox and Oy be the reactions at O.
The force has been replaced by a forcecouple system at B.
W
2 +Oy=0
Fsin55o+
2.25sin55o+ 0.5W+Oy=0
Oy=-2.34W
Magnitude of the reaction at O
O=
O=
(1.29 W )2+(2.34 W )2
2
x
+ O y2
O=2.67W
3/36 The elements of an on-off
mechanism for a table lamp are shown in
the figure. The electrical switch S requires
a 4N force in order to depress it.
Whatcorresponding force F must be
exerted on the handleat A?
Tsin33.7o1.5cos60o-Tcos33.7o1.5sin60o
+ 189.81
1.5
o
2 cos60 =0
0.42T-1.08T+66.22=0
0.66T=66.22
T=100 N
Step3:
Considering fores along x-axis
Fx=0
Ox-100c0s33.7o=0
Ox=83.45 N
Considering fores along y-axis
Fy=0
Oy-189.81-100sin33.7o=0
Oy=232 N
Magnitude of the reaction at O
O=
O=
(83.45)2 +(232)2
2
x
+ O y2
O=246 N
3/38 A person attempts to move a 20-kg
shop vacuum by pulling on the hose as
indicated. What force F will cause the unit
to tip clockwise if wheel A is against an
obstruction?
Soln.
Step1:Free body diagram
Sstep2:
Weight of the bar OA W=189.81
Let T be the tension in the cable AB
Let Ox and Oy be the reactions at O.
o
1.5 sin 60
tan= 1.2+1.5 cos 60 o
Soln.
Step1:Free body diagram
1.299
tan= 1.95
=33.7o
Taking moment about O
Mo=0 (CW+)
Step2:
Weight of the person W=709.81 N
Inclination of the ramp =15o
Let R be the force exerted by the ramp
on the cart.
Let P be the force exerted by each hand.
Considering the forces along the inclined
plane.
Fx=0
709.81sin15o-2P-2Pcos18o=0
177.73-3.90P=0
P=45.6 N
Considering the forces perpendicular to
the plane.
R-709.81sin15o-2Psin18o=0
R=663.3+245.6 sin18o
R=691N
3/40 The device shown is used to test
automobile-engine valve springs. The
torque wrench is directly connected to arm
OB. The specification for the automotive
intake-valve spring is that 370 N of force
should reduce its length from 50 mm
(unstressed length) to 42 mm. What is the
corresponding reading M on the torque
wrench, and what force F exerted on the
torque-wrench handle is required to
produce this reading? Neglect the small
effects of changes in the angular position
of arm OB.
Step2:
Weight of the cart W=40 lb
Let Ax and Ay be the horizontal and vertical
reactions at A respectively.
Let F be the extended force.
The reaction R at B is zero at the point
trepping.
Taking moment about A
MA=0
407-Fcos15o(15+8)+Fsin15o3=0
280-21.44F=0
F=13.06 lb
3/39 The exercise machine is designed
with a lightweight cart which is mounted
on small rollers so that it is
free to move along the inclined ramp. Two
cables are attached to the cart-one for
each hand. If the hands are together so
that the cables are parallel and if each
cable lies essentially in a vertical plane,
determine the force P which each hand
must exert on its cable in order to maintain
equilibrium position.The mass of the
person is 70 kg, the ramp angle is 15o,
and the angle is 18o. In addition,
calculate the force R which the ramp
exerts on the cart.
Soln.
Step1:Free body diagram
Soln.
Step1:Free body diagram
Step2:
Force exerted by the spring on OB=83 lb
Let Ox and Oy be the reactions at O.
Taking moment about O
Mo=0
M-836=0
M=498 l.in
Considering free body diagram of OA
Taking moment at O
M=Fcos20o15
498=14.095F
F=35.3 lb
Soln.
Step1:Free body diagram
Step2:
Taking moment about E,
ME=0
5T-20(5)-30(10)=0
5T=400
T=80 kN
FX=0
80cos30o-EX=0
EX=69.3 kN
FY=0
80sin30o+EY-30-20=0
EY=10 kN
Step3: Considering the joint A
FY=0
CD Sin60o-BC Sin60o-20=0
CD(0.866)-34.6(0.866)-20=0
0.866CD-30-20=0
0.866CD=50
CD=57.7 kN (T)
FX=0
BC cos60o-CD cos60o-AC-CE=0
34.6(0.5)-57.7(0.5)-17.32-CE=0
CE=63.5 kN (C)
Step6: Finally consider joint E
FY=0
AB Sin60o-30=0
0.866AB=30
AB=34.6 kN (T)
FX=0
-AC+AB cos60o=0
-AC+34.6(0.5)=0
AC=17.32 kN (C)
Step4: Considering joint B
FY=0
BC Sin60o-AB Sin60o=0
0.866BC-34.6(0.866)=0
BC=34.6 kN(C)
FX=0
BD-AB cos600-BC cos60o=0
BD-34.6(0.5)-34.6(0.5)=0
BD=34.6 kN (T)
Step5: Considering joint C
FY=0
-DE Sin60o+10=0
0.866DE=10
DE=11.55 kN
FX=0
DE cos60o+63.5-69.3=0
11.55(0.5)-5.8=0
0=0 checks