Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
(A Four-fold Commentary)
(ABRIDGED VERSION)
Vdyana (Bhradvja)
Treatise on gvda
Treatise on gvda
1. Introduction
3. Structure of Maalam 9
4. Stucture of gvda
Maalam 1
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Overview of Maalas
Maalam 2
Forty three sktas are there in this Maalam. These are perceived
mostly by sage Grithsamada and a few of them from sages belonging
to his clan. Some ks deal with all the aspects of gvda.
Maalam 3
This Maalam consists of sixty two sktas from sage Vivmitra
(Gthi), and some are perceptions of sages belonging to Vivmitra
Gtra. Many beautiful/sublime sktas falling into the four categories
of Vdik knowledge can be found in this Maalam.
Maalam 4
A collection of fifty eight sktas from the great sage Vmadva
and sages belonging to his Gtra constitutes this Maalam. Many of
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them are very sublime sktas coached in the highly mystic language
prevalent in those days and are not easily comprehensible for common
men.
Maalam 5
Sage Atri and treyas are the perceivers of the sktas, numbering
eighty seven, of this Maalam. Some interesting sktas containing
ks which carry the four categories of Vdik knowledge can be seen
in this Maalam.
Maalam 6
Perceptions of sage (Brhaspatya) Bharadvja, Bhradvjas and
amyu (Brhaspatya) are presented in this Maalam consisting
of seventy five sktas, which covers all the four branches of Vdik
knowledge.
Maalam 7
Hundred and four sktas perceived by another great sage
Vasiha (Maitrvarui), Vasihaputras and Kumra are found in this
Maalam. Many of them are in the symbolic language and hence
misconstrued by most commentators. There are also a few prayer
type sktas in this Maalam, which are quite famous. ks in this
Maalam cover all the four types of Vdik knowledge, which is also
the case of the next Maalam (8).
Maalam 8
Most of the sktas of this Maalam are perceptions of sages
belonging to Kva and giras Gtras. However, some sktas from
sages belonging to trya, Bhragava and Gautama Gtras are also
found in this Maalam. Quite a few sktas contain ks coached
in the mystic Vdik language and hence grossly misinterpreted by
most commentators. It contains ninety two sktas (excluding eleven
Blakhilya Sktas). Even then there are more ks in this Maalam
than in Maalas seven and nine which have more number of sktas.
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Maalam 9
This is a collection of one hundred and fourteen sktas from
various ies almost exclusively on flowing essence of Sma, which
could be gross (eg. ghee, water, juice of Sma plant, etc.); or subtle
(eg. Vdik hymns); or spiritual, namely flowing essence of tma;
corresponding to gross, subtle and causal bodies respectively. The first
sixty seven sktas which are almost exclusively in Gyatri Chandas
constitute one set (say A). These are commonly chanted in the gross
type of Pavamna-Sma sacrifices all over the country even now.
In general, Mantras in these sktas are simpler to analyse than those
contained in the last forty seven sktas.
Maalam 10
Like Maalam 1, this one also contains 191 sktas from various
ies. First four ies appearing in both the Maalas are also the
same, except for Jta (second i in Maalam 1 and whose name does
not appear in Maalam 9). On closer scrutiny, one can observe that
names of the perceivers of many sktas are fictitious (eg. Yama, Yami,
Sry, Urvai, Indra, Agni etc.). So, many sktas can be expected to
be in the symbolic language of those days and the readers should
not be misled by their superficial meaning. A good understanding of
Maalam 9 - the Causal World of Sma - is a pre-requisite for proper
understanding and appreciation of the implied meanings of these sktas.
However, the last quarter of the Maalam contains sktas which are
comparatively short and easier to comprehend than the sktas of the
earlier three quarters of the Maalam.
Ultimate aim of any serious study of gvda should be to
understand the exact meaning (or meanings) of each of the Mantras,
which seers of these Mantras wanted to convey to others.
Finally, the rationale behind the numbering of Maalas between
2 and 9 could be the following. Maalam 2 containing smallest
number of sktas (43) and number of mantras (429) was given the
second place. Between the third and fourth Maalas, there is little
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2. Overview of Maalas
Maalam 1
This Maalam contains a collection of 191 sktas from the great
sages, who lived in the Vdik period, as detailed below.
The first ten sktas are from sage Madhucandas (Vaivmitra).
Dvatas of the different sktas are as follows : sktam 1 on Agni; 2
on Vyu, Indra, Mitra and Varua; 3 on Avins, Indra, Vivdvas
and Sarasvati; 4 - 5 on Indra; 6 on Indra and Maruts; and 7 to 10 on
Indra. Mantras of these sktas serve as the base, or foundation, for the
various aspects of knowledge contained in the Vdas. The observed
gross world and some of the main shining beings (Divinities), who are
imagined to be responsible for the appearance of this diverse, everchanging Universe and their attributes/activities are brought out for
the first time through these sktas. Though the stress is mainly on
Adhibhautik and Adhidaivik knowledge, some entities who appear also
in the Causal World; like Avins, Sma, Indra etc. are also being talked
about in these sktas. Eleventh sktam by sage Jta (Mdhuchanda) is
also on Indra.
The next twelve sktas (12 through 23) are perceptions of the
famous sage (Kva) Mdhtithi. He introduces a few more divinities
(or shining beings) in these sktas. Sktam 12 is on Agni as per the
convention followed in gvda. Sktam 13 is a typical prya skta,
which is basically on Agni. However, a few more divinities are also
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three meanings. (girasa) sage Kutsa is the perceiver of the next five
sktas (94 through 98). These are on different forms of Agni : 94 on
Agni (energy); 95 on Aurasa; 96 on Dravind (or uddha), 97 on uci
(or uddha); and 98 on Vaivnargni. Among them 95, 96 and 98
deal with His gross, subtle and spiritual manifestations, while 94 and
97 talk about the first two types mainly. Sktam 99 is one of the rare
single k sktas in gvda from the ancient sage (Mrca) Kayapa.
It is on Jatavdgni, who is knower of all born beings, which implies
spiritual Agni.
jrva and four other ies are considered to be the seers of
the next sktam (100). This is on Indra, who could be gross, subtle
or spiritual manifestations. The same is the case with the other Indrasktas (101 through 104) from sage (girasa) Kutsa again. Perceiver
of sktam 105 is said to be either sage Kutsa or sage (ptya) Trita.
Its style of presentation is rather unique and is very interesting. One
should be careful while going through this sktam, since it contains all
four categories of Vdik Knowledge.
Sage Kutsa is the seer of sktas 106 through 115. 106, 107 are on
Vivdvs; 108, 109 on Agni-Indra; 110-111 on bhs; 112 mainly
on Avins; 113 on U; 114 on Rudra; and 115 is on Srya. Among
these sktas, 106-107 deal with mostly gross and subtle worlds and so
also 114. Other sktas (108 through 115) contain three types of Vdik
Knowledge - Adhibhautik, Adhidaivik and dhytmik. 114 is another
good prayer skta on Rudra.
The next set of sktas 116 through 126 are from sage Kakvn
son of the great sage Drghatamas, whose famous sktas are to follow
later. Sktas 116 through 120 are on Avins; who could be gross, subtle
or Paramtma-Jvtma twin most appropriately. Indra is the subject
matter of sktas 121-122; who could be of subtle type, or spiritual
- Universal Manifested Self (Jvtma). Sktas 123 and 124 are both
dedicated to U; 124 mostly deals with physical U, while 123 talks
about also spiritual U - Dawning of Self-Knowledge. Donation and
donors are the subject matter of sktam 125 and sktam 126 contains
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Maalam 2
This Maalam consists of sktas perceived by sage Grithsamada
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Maalam 3
The famous i Vivamitra - the friend of all - and Vaivmitras
are the seers of sktas (total 62) of this Maalam.
Sticking to convention, sktam 1 is on Agni, who can be gross (fire
or different forms of energy, or energy personified (subtle) and spiritual
(soul of energy). The next two sktas (2 and 3) are on Vaivanargni.
That word means leader of all men. In that sense, He may be thought
of as the soul of energy; or the energy that keeps the human heart
beating during the whole life-time of the body. These sktas deal with
various qualities attributed to Vaivanargni quite beautifully. Sktam
4 is the usual pryasktam containing eleven mantras keeping the
same conventional order of Dvatas. This is followed by three more
Agni sktas (5, 6 and 7), wherein Agni is said to be knower of Truth,
leading men to Truth. By implication, when seekers of Truth meditate
on Agni, He leads these men to the Birthless State of Oneness.
Sktam 8 deals with protector of forests, and shining beings like
Vivdvs, Rudras, Vass, etc.. It mostly contains Adhibhutik and
Adhidaivik knowledge. Sktas 9, 10 and 11 are also basically on Agni
only. Different forms of energy appearing in various locations in the
Universe-the Space, atmosphere and earth.
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Both external and internal fire are being talked about in sktam
10. Gross, subtle and spiritual Agni are dealt with in sktam 11. Sage
Vivamitra is the i of sktam 12 on Indra-Agni, Universal Jvtma
and personified energy respectively. Mantras in this sktam are spread
over gross, subtle and spiritual areas of knowledge.
Sktas 13 through 19 are all Agni-sktas : 13, 14 from abha
(Vaivamitra); 15, 16 from Ukla (Ktya); 17, 18 from Kaa
(Vaivmitra); 19 from sage Gthi, father of sage Vivamitra. In these
sktas, Agni could be gross and subtle mainly, though in some of
them spiritual Agni is also dealt with. The following sktam (20) is
also from sage Gthi, in which he talks about Vivdvs including
Agni. Sage Gathi is the i of the next two sktas 21 and 22. These
are basically Agni-sktas. Different forms of Agni are specifically
described in sktam 22. Sktam 23 is another similar Agni-sktam
from sages Dvarav and Dvavta, while sage Vivmitra is the
i of sktam 24 on Agni again. Sktam 25 deals with Indra-Agni
combination also. This is followed by a significant sktam (26) from
sage Vivamitra, who gets himself identified with the Witnessing Self
in his body (3.26.7) by meditating on the soul of Agni (perhaps); in
which case, 'Him' in 3.26.9. stands for 'Agni' referred to in the previous
k (3.26.8). Sktam 3.27 is another Agni-sktam from the sage in
which he talks about all the three forms of Agni. He closes his sktas
on Agni with another two more sktas 28 and 29.
The next three sktas 30, 31 and 32 are wonderful sktas on Indra
from sage Vivmitra. All qualities and noble deeds attributed to Indra
are spelt out beautifully in sktam 30; while sktam 31 contains many
ks which are expressed in the mystic language of those days. So one
should not be carried away by the superficial meaning of these ks.
The sktam that follows is 33 from the sage on Rivers (Nadya).
Indra, who is said to be the Creator of rivers, is also being referred
to in a few ks. Last few ks are addressed to the rivers themselves,
possibly implying Divine River, (spiritual) Sma. Next to come up are
two Indra-sktas from sage Vivmitra (34 and 35). In these sktas,
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Maalam 4
Based on number of sktas, this is the second smallest Maalam
in gvda with 58 sktas, the smallest being Maalam 2 with 43
sktas. Though small in number of sktas, this is an important
Maalam because of the many sublime and highly mystic sktas it
contains, which are perceptions of the great sage Vmadva. In fact,
except 42, 43 and 44, rest of the sktas in this Maalam are from sage
Vmadva. Hence this Maalam can be fittingly called as Vmadva
Maalam. The first fifteen sktas are basically Agni sktas, sticking
to the convention followed in gvda. Both Agni and Varua are
talked about in sktam 1, which is important since it covers all the four
aspects of Vdik knowledge. Four forms of Agni are dealt with here
- gross, subtle, spiritual, and as Messenger of tma; implying thereby,
Agni who stays with tma in the heart-space of human beings. This
comment is applicable to sktas 2 and 3. Three types of Agni is talked
about in sktam 4 too.
Vaivnara, another form of Agni, is the Dvat of sktam 5.
Many ks in this sktam are in the coded language of the Vds. As
such, this sktam abounds in ks carrying hidden meanings. So this is
to be taken as mystic Sktam. sktam 6 deals with mainly three types
of Agni, while sktam 7 talks about Agni, who is the co-dweller of
tma within the heart of human beings. Although sktas 9, 10 and 11
are also on three types of Agni, they contain comparatively simpler
mantras, which should be comprehensible without much difficulty.
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Meditating on Agni, the soul of energy, one can arrive at the origin of
Agni, namely Oneness; or unreality of all born things, which includes
the very birth of Agni (or the concept of birth itself). In other words,
Agni serves as a door to Supreme Truth as indicated in sktam 11.
Both physical and spiritual forms of Agni are dealt with in the next
three sktas 12, 13 and 14.
Agni, Smaka-Shadvya and Avin are the Dvats of sktam 15.
Symbolically, Smaka-Shadvya may represent Universal (moving)
Witnessing Self and Jvtma (co-dweller in the heart-space with the
Witnessing Self). This idea was revealed to the scribe (perhaps by sage
Vmadva himself) on the eve of writing this part. Sma is known as the
immortality bestowing nectar, which is believed to be brought to mortals
by the golden eagle named Supara. Immortality is synonymous with
tma. This Smaka-Shadvya move from one living body to another
continuously and is basically the same as spiritual Avin (tma-twin).
(Interestingly a living creature's body is compared to a tree in 1.164.20
by sage Drghatam, where two similar birds having beautiful (golden)
wings live together as friends). Smaka-Shadvya must be the two
golden-winged eagles described in 1.164.20. Therefore though the
sktam appears to be simple, it deserves serious reflection if one wants
to understand the implied meaning of the ks properly.
Sage Vmadva starts off his exposition on Indra with two
admirable sktas 16 and 17. Qualities and deeds attributed to Indra
as a divinity, as Universal Jvtma and as Manifested Self are spelt
out clearly in these sktas. He is also said to be knower and protector
of The Self. Skatam 18 is another one on Indra, which is usually,
misconstrued by many and therefore the sktam needs careful study to
understand the hidden meaning. Sktas 19 through 22 are also Indra
sktas from sage Vmadva, in which he talks about various activities
of Indra as : the causer of manifestation of this material Universe;
maintainer of Nature's Laws; destroyer of enemies - external and
internal - of His invokers; and revealer of Truth - Oneness of tma - to
them. In these sktas so many mantras are not easily comprehensible
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and 40 are Dadhikara sktas. Qualities - gross, subtle and spiritual attributed to Him are discussed in detail in these sktas. Conceptually,
He appears to be Universal Power (or energy) Source, who pervade
all energy-carrying objects in this Universe. Last one in this series
from sage Vmadva is sktam 41 on Indra-Varua. They could be
divine entities, or Universal Jvtma-Paramtma since in many places
in gvda, Varua is considered as King of the Universe.
Sage Trasadasyu is the i of sktam 42. This word means scarer
of the wicked. The first few ks are from a seer, who has attained
Oneness with tma and the others refer to Indra and Varua (Jvtma
- Paramtma). Dvat of the next two sktas 43 and 44 is Avins,
who could be any twin - gross, subtle or spiritual (Sun-Moon, Divine
physicians, Paramtma-Jvtma twin). These are from (Sauhotries)
Puruma and Ajama. This is followed by another sktam on Avins
from sage Vmadva himself.
From sktam 46 onwards upto the last skta 58, all of them are
perceptions of sage Vmadva. Of these sktas, 46 and 47 deal with
Indra and Vyu; while Vyu alone is the Dvat of sktam 48. The
next one (49) is on Indra and Bhaspati and so also sktam 50. These
are comparatively simple sktas, which do not call for any special
mention.
Sktas 51 and 52 give a beautiful description of U, who could be
physical Dawn or the soul of Dawn. This is followed by two sktas (53
and 54) on Savit, who could be the Sun or the soul of the Sun, namely
the Manifested Self. In that sense, these two sktas are to be treated as
mystic sktas. No special mention may be called for on sktas 55 and
56 on Vivdvs and the Space and earth respectively. Sktam 57 is
on Ktrapat, una, etc.. Superficial meaning of ks in this sktam
is easily understandable. In the spiritual sense, Ktrapati is tma or
Manifested Self, since body of a living being serves as temple for these
two. Treating this sktam to be a misconstrued one, implied meaning
of the ks is given in this Treatise.
The last sktam (58) of the Maalam is on Agni, Srya, pa
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and Ghta. The reader should not be misled by the superficial meaning
of the ks treating them in the Adhibhautik sense. Implied meaning
presented in the Treatise shows this is to be treated as a mystic sktam,
which is a fitting end to a glorious Maalam from sage Vmadva.
Maalam 5
Perception of another famous sage Atri and tryas are presented
in this Maalam, which contains eighty seven sktas. The first four
sktas are on Agni as usual. The first one is from (tryas) sages Budha
and Gavihira; the second from Kumra and Va (both). Sktas 3 and
4 are from i Vasuruta. These sktas deal with mainly attributes of
gross and subtle Agni, though spiritual Agni is also alluded to in sktas
2 and 4. Sktam 5 is a conventional priya sktam from (trya) sage
Vasuruta. This is followed by sktam 6 from the same sage on Agni
- gross, subtle and spiritual. From 7 to sktam 26 are Agni-Sktas
from various ies belonging to trya Gtra. Sktas 7-8 are from
sage Ia; 9-10 from sage Gaya; 11 through 14 form sage Sutambhara;
16-17 from sage Puru; sktam 18 form Mktavha Dvita; 19 from sage
Vavri; 20 from Prayasvanta (tryas). Sktam 21 is from sage Sasa;
from sage Vivasm; 23 form sage Dyumna Vivacarani; 24 from
Gpyana ies Bandhu, Subandhu, etc; 25, 26 from (trya) ies
Vasyavas. The only exception is sktam 15, which is from (girasa)
sage Dharua. ies of all these sktas talk about three different types
of Agni and their attributes, which are already described in earlier
Maalas. Sktam 27 is said to be the perception of five sages,
Traiva, etc.. about Agni and Indra-Agni, who could be physical,
subtle or spiritual. This is followed by sktam (28) from an (tryi)
sage named Vivavr on the three types of Agni as in earlier sktas.
Dvata of sktas 29 through 40 is Indra; 29 through 36 from tryas
and girases; and the last four from sage Atri himself. However,
seer of sktam 29 is said to be Gauravti a ktya sage; and sktas
33 and 34 are perceptions of the great sage Samvaraa (Prjpatya).
Indra in sktam 29 could be a divinity or spiritual - Manifested Self
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Maalam 6
This Maalam is a collection of 75 sktas, which are perceptions
of the great sage Bharadvja (Brhaspatya), amyu (Brhaspatya),
and sages belonging to Bharadvja clan (Bhradvjas). The first thirty
sktas are from sage Bharadvja himself.
Of these thirty sktas; 1 through 6 and 10 through 16 are Agni-
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dealt with.
amyu, a sage belonging to Brahaspatya clan is the perceiver of
sktas 44, 45 and 46 on Indra. Moreover, in sktam 45, he describes
Indra as the one responsible for the creation of this material Universe,
which implies that Indra is the Universal Manifested Self. Sktam 47
is an important Indra-sktam from sage Grga (Bhradvja), in which
he specifically states that Indra is a reflected image of the Self, who is
responsible for the movement of The Self from one living creature's
body to another.
This is followed by another sktam (48) from sage amyu again
on Agni, Maruts, Pa and Dyvprithiv. This is another important
sktam containing all the four kinds of Vdik knowledge.
This is followed by four sktas on Viavdvs from sage
(Bhrdvja) Rijiv. The first three kinds of information can be found
in sktam 49. In the other three 50, 51, 52 the fourth category is also
talked about.
Sktas 53 through 74 are the perceptions of sage Bharadvja
again; 53 through 56 and 58 on P, 57 on Indra-P; 59-60 on
Indra-Agni, 61 on Sarasvati; 62-63 on Avins, 64-65 are on U; 66
on Maruts, 67 on Mitr-Varua; 68 on Indra-Varua; 69 on IndraViu; 70 on Dyvbhumi. In sktas 53 through 58, Pa is thought
of as symbolising Paramtma and Indra stands for Universal Jvtma.
Similarly Indra-Agni in 59-60 represent Jvtma and soul of energy;
Avins stand for Paramtma-Jvtma twins and U in sktam 65 for
dawning of spiritual knowledge. Sktas 61 on Sarasvati; 64 on U,
and 66 on Maruts cover Adhibhautik and Adhidaivik aspects of Vds
only; so also sktam 70 on Dyvbhmi. Varua in 67-68 is taken
to be King of the Universe as symbolising tma. Indra in 68, 69 and
72 represents Universal Jvtma and Viu in 69 stands for the allpervading tma. Savit in 71 may mean the soul of the Sun. Sma
in 72 and 74 represents moving Witnessing Self. Sktam 73 is on
Bpaspati. Last sktam (75) is by sage Pyu (Bhradvja). It deals
with weapons of war superficially. But it is to be treated as one of
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Maalam 7
Maalam 7 is a collection of perceptions from one of the most
famous Vdik ies, Vasiha, Vasihaputrs and Kumra. Of the
104 sktas of this Maalam; except 33, 34, 35 and 101 through 104,
all others are from sage Vasiha himself.
As usual; the first few sktas (1 through 17) deal with Agni and
various activities attributed to Agni. Sktam 1 gives a good description
of gross, subtle and spiritual forms of Agni - the soul of energy and
sktam 2 is a conventional pryasktam. Sktas 2, 3, 8, 11, 12, 14,
15, 17 contain mostly Adhibhautik and Adhidaivik information. In
contrast, three types of Agni - gross, subtle and spiritual - are being
talked about in sktas 4, 9, 10 and 16. Vaivanargni or Universal
source of power (or energy) is the Dvat of sktas 5, 6 and 13. Among
these seventeen sktas, 4 and 5 are particularly note-worthy.
Next fifteen sktas (18 through 32) are Indra sktas from sage Vasi
ha. Sktas 18, 19, 20 and 21 are significant because they are expressed
in the symbolic Vdik language and hence usually misconstrued.
For a proper understanding of many ks in these sktas a careful
study is absolutely necessary. Sktam 32 is also a misconstrued
one. Interestingly, though it deals with Vasihaputrs and Vasiha,
sktam 33 is also of the same category. These sktas contain all the
four kinds of Vdik knowledge. In comparison, sktas 22 through 25
and 27 deal with the gross, subtle and spiritual manifestations of Indra.
Sktas 26 and 28 through 31 are Indra sktas containing Adhibhutik
and Adhidaivik information mainly.
Sktas 34 and 35 are also from Vasihaputrs in which Vivdvs
is the Dvat. They also contain Adhibhautik and Adhidaivik
knowledge. Also, sktam 35 is a good example of a prayer sktam
of gvda. Vivdvs is the Dvat of sktas 36 and 37 from sage
Vasiha. Sktas 35 and 36 are of the same category. But sktam 37
covers all the three aspects of Vdik knowledge.
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Maalam 8
This Maalam consists of a collection of 92 sktas (excluding
eleven Blakhilya Sktas) from ies belonging to Kva, girasa,
etc.. Gtrs. The first sktam is from (Kva) sages Pragtha, Mdhtiti,
Mdhytithi, (Plygi) saga (girasi) avati. Indra-saga is the
Dvat, which means Indra free from ties. Most ks in this sktam are
in the symbolic language and they carry hidden meaning; or spiritual
Indra is implied in all such ks. Though Indra appears to be enjoying
the material form which are created by Him only, He is not tied down
to anyone of them as stated in the last two ks. He is not attached to
Prakti, even though He causes its manifestation. Sktam 2 is a similar
one from sage Mdhti (Kva) and Priyamdha on Indra-Vibhindu,
which means Indra - the spliter. By revealing Self-Knowledge, Indra
helps a seeker of Truth to split the imaginary bond between the body
and Jvtma (or tma). In fact, first four sktas are of the same
type. The third sktam is from sage Mdhytithi (Kva) on Indra,
Kauraya Pkasthma; which may imply established drinker of
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Sma (spiritual). Sktam 4 from sage (Kva) Dvtithi is on IndraKuraga (spot of light in Sma-spiritual). Significantly, last three ks
in each of these sktas are in the symbolic language, which means
that the seers of these sktas are referring to tma in these ks. Indra
could be in principle, gross, subtle or spiritual, but most appropriately
spiritual, so that these (other) ks are in tune with the last three ks.
(Kava) Brahmtithi is the seer of sktam 5 on Avins - the movers
from one living body to another; and sktam 6 on Indra-Praavya is
from sage (Kva) Vatsa. These two sktas are also coached in the
mystic language especially the last three ks of each skta. Implied
meaning of ks in these six sktas is not easy for comprehension.
Next sktam (7) is also from sage Vatsa. It deals with Maruts,
who could be gross or subtle. One could talk about a spiritual Vyu
as Pratyakam Brahma. Avins is the subject matter of the next three
sktas; 8, 9 and 10; seers of the sktas being sages Sadhavamsa,
aakara and Pragtha respectively all belonging to Kva clan. In
these sktas, Avins could be physical, subtle or spiritual (ParamtmaJvtma) and most appropriately the spiritual type as indicated in the
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Sktam 11 is again from sage Vatsa on Agni, who could be gross,
subtle or spiritual. In other words, the first three categories of Vdik
knowledge can be derived for this sktam.
Indra is being talked about in sktas 12 through 18 from Kva sages
Parvta, Nrada, Gkti-Avaskti (2) and Irimbihi (2) respectively.
In these sktas Indra could be gross, divinity; or Manifested Self-cumUniversal-Jvtma. Among them sktam 11 is a good prayer-sktam.
ks of sktas 15 and 17 contain implied meaning. Sktam 18 is another
prayer-sktam on Vivdvs from sage Irimbihi.
This is followed by four sktas from another (Kava) sage
Sbhari; 19 on Agni, ditya and Trasadasyu, 20 on Maruts, 21 on
Indra and 22 on Avins. Many ks in these sktas, excepting sktam
21, carry implied meaning as they are expressed in the mystic language
of the Vds.
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Maalam 9
A more detailed study of this Maalam 9 is presented in the next
section.
Maalam 10
Before taking up serious study of this Maalam, one should have
a reasonably good background of the three-fold knowledge presented
in the earlier Maalas. This is a collection of 191 skta, which are
perceptions from ies belonging to many Gtrs and not following
any particular order. Many of them are imaginary Divinities like Yama,
Yami etc.. Following the convention, first few sktas (1 through 7) are
on Agni, followed by sktam 8 on Agni-Indra; both of them could be
gross, subtle or spiritual. Sktam 9 is on pa (personified), which
is another Basic Element of the observed Gross World. It contains
Adhibhautik and Adhidaivik information. Sktam 10 is coached in
the symbolic language of those days. It seems to convey an implied
meaning, which can be stated as follows. "Prakti, this infinitely
diverse Universe, could not have come into being from homogenous
Purua or tma".
As a logical follow up sktas 11 and 12 introduce the concept of a
flowing Sma (Spiritual) for the birth of the Universe. Just like energy
of the Sun extracts the sweet water for Indra, the wise sages extract
the flowing (spiritual) Sma from the cloud-like Ignorance covering
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35
the Birthless tma. The bird hawk stands for the Universal Impellertma, which is not describable by words, as IT is not a material thing.
Naturally, these two sktas are also expressed in the mystical language.
Sktam 13 is another mystic sktam about the two receptacles (say
the Space and earth) for carrying the spiritual Sma talked about in
the previous two sktas. They are intended to carry Sma for two
categories of born beings - immortal shining beings and mortals.
Discussion on the two paths, one leading to immortality and the
other to death-birth cycle is contained in sktam 14. Yama mentioned
in sktam 10.10 and His activities are also talked about in sktam
10.14.
Sktam 15 through 19 are perceptions of sages, each one of them
claiming themselves as Ymayna, which may mean whose place
of refuge is Yama or whose father is Yama. Sktam 15 deals with
Protectors, who could be imaginary divinities, enlightened souls, wise
sages, or deceased forefathers. Next sktam (16) is dedicated to Agni,
which could be funeral pyre, sacrificial fire or spiritual Agni. Sktam
17 talks about the birth of Avins (tma-twin); P the nourisher;
Sarasvati; the waters (pa); and Sma, flowing essence of tma
(or Divine waters, or streams). Birth-death-birth cycle, crossing over
the unreality of this cycle and attaining the Birthless State, deceased
ancestors, earth and Lord of Creation are talked about in sktam 18. The
last in this set, sktam 19 also deals with birth, rebirth, tma, Sma,
Indra, Agni, etc.. Mantras in all the four categories - Adhibhautik,
Adhidaivik, Adhytmik and about tma - are found in this set of five
sktas.
Different forms of Agni - fire, the Sun, lightning, personified
energy spiritual Agni, etc. - are being talked about in sktas 20 and
21 from (Indraputra) Vimada. The next five sktas (22 through 26)
are also from the same i, sktas 22 and 23 are on Indra-Divinity
or Manifested Self (or Universal-Jvtma; sktam 24 on Indra and
Avins (the tma-twin); sktam 25 is on Sma-flowing essence of
tma and 26 on Pa the nurisher, who may be symbolising tma.
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Seers of the next three sktas (57, 58, 59) are three Gaupyana
brothers. Subject matter of the first two is said to be 'The mind' and the
third one is about Lord of death. These brothers want to bring back the
mind, which is wandering on unreal material objects of the Universe
and direct it along the right path to arrive-at the Truth-Oneness. For
this purpose they are seeking for the assistance of various replendent
beings. Hence, these three sktas are to be treated as misconstrued
sktas. Sktam 60 is also from the same Gaupyana brothers and their
mother. It is on Asamti, Indra, the soul, etc.. Some ks talk about a
close relative, which could be one's own Jvtma. Sktas 57 through
60 carry implied meaning. Careful study is necessary for understanding
the implied meaning of ks in the sktas properly. In this way the
stage has been set for introducing two important sktas of gvda. The
next two sktas, 61 and 62, from sage Nbhndiha are very sublime
sktas expressed in the mystic language (and hence misconstrued). He
goes to the knowledge-sacrifice of the seven enlightened Agirases.
This might have been going on for nine or ten months to find out an
explanation for the birth of this material Universe from the original
state of Oneness. He was able to suggest a simple solution to this
perplexing problem which can be explained as follows. He might have
reasoned within himself that this living body is a complex combination
of non-matter tma and material body. With respect to tma, material
body is unreal. With reference to the material body, tma is unreal.
Both can not be real at the same time. So birth of a living body made of
matter from Birthless Brahman is unreal or inexplicable, as Real birth
from Birthless State is impossible. It can be a product of Ignorance
of Truth - Oneness. Essence of tma is Aja - Birthlessness. Opposite
(converse) of Aja is 'ja' which means born or descended from, etc..
Ignorance of 'Aja' - Knowledge - should naturally lead to the idea of
birth; or Ignorance becomes the seed for the birth of Prakti (or the
material Universe). This one clue enabled the Agirases to formulate
a logical explanation for the birth of this Universe from the Birthless
State. As a reward for this one ray of light of knowledge from the
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Grva is the subject of the next sktam, 76. This could mean
stone in the physical sense; or cloud (or ignorance) in the spiritual
sense. Since flowing essence of tma-Sma is extracted from the
cloud-like Ignorance covering Truth, sktam 76 should be having an
implied meaning different from the superficial meaning.
Maruts are being talked about in sktas 77 and 78. They
contain mostly Adhibhautik and Adhidaivik information. However,
(personified) Air - Vyu - is considered as pratyakam Brahma
(Manifested Self).
Agni, who could be physical, subtle or spiritual is the Dvat of the
next two sktas 79 and 80. Spiritual Agni is also treated as Pratyakam
Brahma, since Agni is also a Basic Element, like air.
Sktas 81 and 82 are perceptions of a sage, who likes to be
known as Vivakarm and significantly Dvat of these sktas is
also Vivakarm. This word could mean all-creating One. As the
two sktas are Oneness, these two may not be easily comprehensible
for a common man having not sufficient background knowledge. A
sage called Manyu (which may mean The Spirit) is said to be seer of
sktas 83 and 84. Interestingly, Dvat of these sktas is also Manyu.
Logically, one could expect that superficial meaning of the sktas is
meant for general consumption and this is not the intended meaning.
Sktam 85 is one of the most misconstrued sktas of gvda.
This is chanted by the elders assembled in the marriage during the
closing stages of the ceremony to bless the newly married couple,
who is getting married in the presence of the witnessing Agni. If
one goes by the superficial meaning of the ks, he may not see any
connection between two successive ks in many places. This can be
expected since in 10.85.3 it is specifically stated that no one consumes
the Sma mentioned in the sktam, which only knowers of Brahman
know. By implication, Sma-flowing essence of tma is being talked
about in this sktam. Correspondingly Sry is to be taken as dawning
of spiritual knowledge (Jndaya). Importance of the sktam is
the following. It is describing the union of Spiritual Sma with the
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Spiritual Dawn and so fit enough to be chanted by the elders during all
marriage ceremonies irrespective of the Space and Time. Elders who
chanted this sktam during the Original Union of Spiritual Sma and
Spiritual Dawn should have been replendent beings, enlightened souls,
Agirases, etc.
Seers of sktam 86 are said to be Indra, Vkapi and Indri,
indicating the fact that this should be another misconstrued sktam of
this Maalam. Dvat of this sktam is Indra. To get at the intended
meaning of the ks is this sktam, appropriate meaning for these
words are to be deduced first, instead of making up funny stories to
explain the superficial meanings of the ks. Considering Indra to
be Universal Jvtma, His mistress becomes the Mother of all born
beings. 'Vkapi' means showerer (or showering) monkey. The Sun
is the light-showering monkey and seer of the sktam could be calling
himself as praise-showering monkey, or he is the praiser of Universal
Jvtma, Indra. Implied meanings of the ks follow automatically
without any hitch with such an assumption.
Sktas 87 and 88 are on different forms of Agni; the Sun in the
Space, Vaivnargni, gross fire etc.. But basically, Agni here is the
embodiment of energy; or He stands for spiritual Agni, as indicated
earlier in sktas 69 and 70. Sktam 89 is from Ru (Vaivmitra)
on Indra, Universal Jvtma or Manifested Self, and this precedes
another famous gvdik sktam 90 - Purua-Skta - from the brilliant
sage Nryaa i. How the enlightened sages (seven Agirases)
accomplished the Great Sacrifice of finding out an explanation for (the
birth) or Creation of this Material Universe from Matterless, Birthless
State of Oneness is summarised in 10.90.15 and 10.90.16. What they
accomplished is presented in the first fourteen ks of the sktam.
Three forms of Agni - gross, subtle or spiritual - is the subject
matter of sktam 91; while Vivdevas (Resplendent Beings) are
being talked about in sktas 92 and 93. These three are comparatively
easy for comprehension. ies of the sktas are Arua (Vaitahavya),
Mnava (ryta), and Prthya (Tnva).
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(Great Sacrifice), who is the son of (or associated with) Prajpati. The
sktam deals with the Great Sacrifice of Creation of this Universe (or
rather the explanation). Consequently sktas 129 and 130 are not easy
for comprehension.
Sktam 131 from Sukrti (Kkivata) is on Indra and Avins,
while 133 and 134 on Indra from sage Sud and from Mndht talk
about mainly the spiritual manifestations of Indra and Avins. 132 is
a Mitra-Varua sktam mostly and contains mainly gross and subtle
information. Its perceiver is sage akapta. Sktam 135 is a Yamasktam from (Ymayna) Kumra. A beautiful description of Agni
Srya, Vyu, etc. is given in sktam 136 by a set of seven ies; while
perceivers of sktam 137 are another set of seven ies and it is on
Vivdvs. 138 is an Indra-sktam from sage Aga; and Savit is
being talked about by Vivvasu in sktam 139, where Savit may
represent Manifested Self. The sktam refers to tma also.
(Purifier) Agni talks about Agni in sktam 140. This is followed
by an exposition on Vivdvs from (Ascetic) Agni in sktam 141.
Four rga sages are the seers of sktam 142 on Agni.
Sktam 143 is a good sktam on Avins - gross, subtle and
spiritual- from sage Atri. 144, the next one, is an Indra-sktam from
a sage who calls himself Supara (one having beautiful wings). This
word is generally applied to Garuda, the divine eagle who carries the
nectar of immortality to Shining Beings and mortal men. This is a
worth-while point to remember while reading this sktam.
Mistress of Indra is the i of sktam 145. If She is considered as
the Mother of all born beings, then Indra becomes Universal Jvtma.
By implication, ks in this sktam carry hidden meaning.
A forest scene during the Vdik period is beautifully described in
sktam 146, which is from a i named Dvamuni.
147 and 148 are two Indra-Sktas from sages Suvda and Pthu
respectively. Here Indra could be a divinity or of spiritual type.
Sage (Hairanyastupa) Arcan is the i of sktam 149 on Savit
who symbolises Manifested Self.
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of the interesting sktam (168) on Vyu. The next one 169 is a mystic
sktam from (Kkivata) abara on 'Gva', since this word could
mean cows or array of spiritual light.
Sktam 170 from Vibht (son of Srya) on Srya can have
superficial or hidden meanings by taking Sma in the physical,
subtle or spiritual sense. 171 is an Indrsktam from sage Ia. It is
comparatively easy to comprehend.
The next one (172) is about U (Dawn) from (girasa) sage
Samvarta and sktam 173 is from another (giras) sage Dhruva
which deals with a King who is being newly crowned by his crya.
Though Dvat of sktam 174 is said to be Rj (stuti) from Abhvarta
(girasa), it carries an implied meaning which one should make note
of. This is true also about sktam 175 from (rdhvagrv) Sarpa on
'Grv' which could mean stones or clouds depending on the type
of Sma. Similarly sktam 176 from (rbhava) Snu on Ribhus and
Agni; and 177 on Mya from sage Pataga are also to be taken as mystic
ones. Sktam 178 is from Trksya about himself. He is believed to be
bringer of immortality-bestowing Nectar to human beings. 179 and
180 are Indra-sktas; 179 from three sages and 180 from sage Jaya.
181 may be treated as mystic sktam from three sages on Vivdvs
and 182 is on Bhaspati from Tapu Mrdha (Brhaspatya).
Sktas 183 and 184 from (Prjpatya) sages Prajvn and Viu
respectively contain ks carrying hidden meanings. Sktam 185
on dity from Satyadhti and 186 from Ula on Vyu are easily
comprehensible. So also are the two Agni sktas 187 and 188 from
gnya sages Vatsa and yna respectively. Sarparji is said to be
the i of sktam 189 on Srya or tma, which implies that it carries
a hidden meaning.
Sage (Mdhuchanda) Aghamarana is the i of sktam 190,
which deals with the Creation of the Universe from the State of
Birthlessness.
The closing sktam 191 is on Agni from sage (girasa)
Samvanana and on Samjnam. Thus gvda, which started off
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3. Structure of Maalam 9
Introduction
As mentioned earlier, Sma essence could be gross, subtle or
spiritual. Hence, in principle, for each of the ks in this Maalam,
which is almost exclusively on Sma-Pavamna, three meanings can
be derived as shown below taking k 9.1.1. as an example.
(a) gross
Oh! ghee, water, Sma-creeper juice; extracted (or born) for
drinking for Indra; please flow with the stream, which is sweet and
most delighting.
(b) Subtle
Oh! Vdik hymns; extracted by the wise sages for drinking
for Indra; please flow with the stream, which is sweet and most
delighting.
(c) Causal or Spiritual
Oh! Flowing essence of tma; extracted by the wise sages from
the layer of Ignorance clouding around the Birthless Brahman for
the enjoyment of Indra; please flow from one living creature's body
to another like a stream (supplying spiritual rays of tma), which is
delighting Indra and the living creatures.
Each reader can derive the particular meaning, for each of the
ks in this Maalam, that he is seeking. It is very unlikely that a
reader will be seeking for all the three meanings at the same time. This
is because a seeker of the third meaning would be having a lower of
level of Ignorance and he will be in a position to derive the other two
meanings easily. So meanings of ks with reference to Spiritual Sma
are presented in the Treatise.
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PAVAMNA-SMA (SPIRITUAL)
(Flow-Diagram)
Jvtmas
Witnessing Self
50
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[Ref. 9.21].
Why study of structure of Maalam 9 is taken up as an example
is the following. As a first step towards the study of the Structure of
gveda, analysis of structural arrangement of Maalam 9 is taken
up since this should be simpler because the Maalam is more or less
exclusively devoted to Pavamna - Sma (Flowing Sma); (which
implies, one main variable less compared to other Maalas).
There are hundred and fourteen sktas in this Maalam which
are arranged Chandas-based into nine groups as follows
Pl x-y
an
e
Pl y-z
an
e
x-z
Plane
y
2
x
Table 1
Chandas - Based Grouping of Sktas
51
Chandas
Sktam Number
Group
Gyatri
Jagat
Trihp
Anuhup
Unik
Brihat (Sat)
Dvipadvirt
Others
Pakti
1 to 67
68 to 86
87 to 97
98 to 101
102 to 106
107 to 108
109
110 - 11
112 - 114
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
Number of Mantras
in the respective
Total
Chandas
610
176
139
45
40
42
22
15
19
1108
600
166
139
41
40
32
22
15
19
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Set B
Group III
Group II
Number
Number
Sktam Numbers of Sktam Numbers of
Mantras
Mantras
9.1 to 9.4
9.5 (prya)
9.6 to 9.13
9.14 to 9.17
9.18 to 9.74
10
11
9
8
7
9.68 to 9.70
9.71 to 9.74
9.75 to 9.84
9.85
9.86
10
9
5
12
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Sktam
Numbers
9.87
9.88
9.89
9.90 to 9.92
9.93 to 9.95
Group IV
Number
Sktam Number of
of
Numbers Mantras
Mantras
9
8
7
6
5
9.98
9.99
9.100
9.101
12
8
9
16
9.25 to 9.46
9.47 to 9.52
9.53 to 9.60
9.61 to 9.66
9.67
6
5
4
30
32
53
9.96
9.97
24
58
4. Structure of gvda
Introduction
gvda is so called because it consists of Mantras called ks.
gvda is divided into Aakas (Octad) and each Aakam is divided
into eight chapters. However, gvda was originally divided into ten
Maalas and each Maalam consists of several sktas. Maalamwise distributions of sktas are as given below:
Maalam No.
No. of sktas
191 43
62
58
87
75
104 92
10
114 191
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Mandalam 1
Dvata
Chandas
S.No
M.No
i: Madhucchandas
55
Indra
Gyatri
16
Indra, Varua
Gyatri
17
Brahmaaspati
Gyatri
18
Agni, Maruts
Gyatri
19
bhus
Gyatri
20
Indra, Agni
Gyatri
21
Gyatri
22
21
23
24
i: unapa
Prajpati, Agni,
Triup, Gyatri
24
15
Varua
Gyatri
25
21
Agni
Gyatri
26
10
Agni, Dvas
Gyatri, Triup
27
13
Agni
Gyatri
Anuup, Gyatri
28
Gyatri
Indra
Pakti
29
Gyatri
12
Indra, Avins
Gyatri, Triup
30
22
Indra
Gyatri
10
Indra
Gyatri
10
Agni
Jagati, Triup
31
18
Indra, Maruts
Gyatri
10
Indra
Triup
32
15
Indra
Gyatri
10
Indra
Triup
33
15
Indra
Gyatri
10
Avins
Jagati, Triup
34
12
Indra
Gyatri
10
Jagati, Triup
35
11
Indra
Anuup
10
12
i: Jta
Indra
Anuup
11
i: Mdhtithi
i: Hirayastpa
i: Kava
Agni/Yupa
Bhat, Satbhat
36
20
Maruts
Gyatri
37
15
Maruts
Gyatri
38
15
Agni
Gyatri
12
12
Maruts
Bhat, Satbhat
39
10
Agni-Apriya
Gyatri
13
12
Brahmaaspati
Bhat, Satbhat
40
Vivdvas
Gyatri
14
12
Gyatri
41
Gyatri
15
12
Pa
Gyatri
42
10
56
Rudra, Mitra, etc
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Gyatri, Anuup
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43
i: Praskava
57
Agni
DvipadaVirt
69
10
Agni
DvipadaVirt
70
11
Bhat, Satbhat
44
14
Agni
Triup
71
10
Agni, Dvas
Anuup
45
10
Agni
Triup
72
10
Avins
Gyatri
46
15
Agni
Triup
73
10
Avins
Bhat, Satbhat
47
10
Uas
Bhat, Satbhat
48
16
Agni
Gyatri
74
Uas
Anuup
49
Agni
Gyatri
75
Srya
Gyatri, Anuup
50
13
Agni
Triup
76
Agni
Triup
77
i: Savya
i: Gtama
Indra
Jagati, Triup
51
15
Agni
Gyatri
78
Indra
Jagati, Triup
52
15
Agni (Vaidyuta)
Triup, Unk
79
12
Indra
Jagati, Triup
53
11
Indra
Pakti
80
16
Indra
Jagati, Triup
54
11
Indra
Pakti
81
Indra
Jagati
55
Indra
Pakti, Jagati
82
Indra
Jagati
56
Indra
Jagati
83
Indra
Jagati
57
Indra
84
20
Maruts
Jagati, Triup
85
12
i: Ndha
Agni
Jagati, Triup
58
Maruts
Gyatri
86
10
Agni (Vaivnara)
Triup
59
Maruts
Jagati
87
Agni
Triup
60
Maruts
Triup, Viratrpa
88
Indra
Triup
61
16
Vivdvas, Aditi
89
10
Indra
Triup
62
13
Vivdvas
Gyatri, Anuup
90
Indra
Triup
63
Sma
Triup, Gyatri
91
23
Maruts
Jagati, Triup
64
15
Ua, Avins
92
18
Agni, Sma
Anuup, Triup,
93
12
i: Parara
Agni
DvipadaVirt
65
10
Agni
DvipadaVirt
66
10
Agni
Jagati, Triup
94
16
Agni
DvipadaVirt
67
10
Agni (Uas)
Triup
95
11
Agni
DvipadaVirt
68
10
Agni (Dravinda)
Triup
96
i: Kutsa
58
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Agni (uci)
Gyatri
97
Uas
Triup
123
13
Agni (Vaivnara)
Triup
98
Uas
Triup
124
13
Svanayasyadnam
Triup, Jagati
125
Svanaya, Rmaa
Triup, Anuup
126
i: Kayapa
Agni (Jatavda)
Triup
99
Triup
i: Parucchpa
100
19
i: Kutsa
Agni
Atyasti, Atidhrti
127
11
Agni
Atyasti
128
Indra
Jagati, Triup
101
11
Indra, Indu
129
11
Indra
Jagati, Triup
102
11
Indra
Atyasti, Triup
130
10
Indra
Triup
103
Indra
Atyasti
131
Indra
Triup
104
Indra, Parvada
Atyasti
132
Vivdvas
Pakti, Triup,
105
19
Indra
Triup, Anuup
133
Vivdvas
Jagati, Triup
106
Vyu
Atyasti, Asti
134
Vivdvas
Triup
107
Vyu, Indra
Atyasti, Asti
135
Indra, Agni
Triup
108
13
Mitra, Varua,
Atyasti, Triup
136
Indra, Agni
Triup
109
Mitra, Varua,
Ati akkar
137
bhus
Jagati, Triup
110
Pa
Atyasti
138
bhus
Jagati, Triup
111
Vivdvas
139
11
Avins, etc
Jagati, Triup
112
25
Ua, Ratri
Triup
113
20
Agni
Jagati, Triup
140
13
Rudra
Jagati, Triup
114
11
Agni
Jagati, Triup
141
13
Srya
Triup
115
Agni (Apriya)
Anuup
142
13
Agni
Jagati, Triup
143
i: Kakivan
i: Drghatamas
Avins
Triup
116
25
Agni
Jagati
144
Avins
Triup
117
25
Agni
Jagati, Triup
145
Avins
Triup
118
11
Agni
Triup
146
Avins
Jagati
119
10
Agni
Triup
147
Avins
Gyatri, Kakub
120
12
Agni
Triup
148
Vivdvas, Indra
Triup
121
15
Agni
Virat
149
Vivdvas
Triup
122
15
Agni
Unk
150
60
Treatise on gvda
Treatise on gvda
Mitra, Varua,
Jagati
151
Mitra, Varua,
Triup
152
Mitra, Varua,
Triup
153
Avins
Viu
Triup
154
Indra, Viu
Jagati
155
Viu
Jagati
Avins
Rati
179
Triup
180
10
Avins
Triup
181
Avins
Jagati, Triup
182
156
Avins
Triup
183
Jagati, Triup
157
Avins
Triup
184
Avins
Triup, Anuup,
158
Dyvpthivi
Triup
185
11
Dyvpthivi
Jagati
159
Vivdvas
Triup
186
11
Dyvpthivi
Jagati
160
Annam
Anuup, Unk,
187
11
bhus
Jagati, Triup
161
14
Agni
Gyatri
188
11
Ava/Agni
Jagati, Triup
162
22
Agni
Triup
189
Ava/Agni
Triup
163
13
Bhaspati
Triup
190
Vivdvas, etc
Jagati, Triup
164
52
Aptrna Srya
Anuup, etc
191
16
i: Agastya
i: Agastya
Marutvan Indra
Triup
165
15
Maruts
Jagati, Triup
166
15
Maruts
Triup
167
11
Maruts
Jagati, Triup
168
10
Indra
Triup, Virt
169
indra
Bhati, Anuup
170
Marutvan Indra
Triup
171
Maruts
Gyatri
172
Indra
Triup, Virt-
173
13
Indra
Triup
174
10
Indra
Bhati, Anuup
175
Indra
Bhati, Anuup
176
Indra
Triup
177
Indra
Triup
178
i: Agastya, Lpmudra
Triup, Bhati
61
Mandalam 2
Dvata
Chandas
S.No
M.No
Agni
Jagati
16
Agni
Jagati
13
Agni (Apriya)
Triup, Jagati
11
i: Smhudi
Agni
Triup
Agni
Anuup
Agni
Gyatri
Agni
Gyatri
i: Gtsamada
Agni
Gyatri, Anuup
Agni
Triup
Agni
Triup
10
Indra
Triup, etc
11
21
62
Treatise on gvda
Treatise on gvda
63
Indra
Triup
12
15
Triup
40
Indra
Jagati, Triup
13
13
Gyatri, Anuup,
41
21
Indra
Triup
14
12
Indra (Kapinjala)
Triup
42
Indra
Triup
15
10
Indra (Kapinjala)
Jagati, Asti
43
Indra
Jagati, Triup
16
Indra
Jagati, Triup
17
Indra
Triup
18
S.No
M.No
Indra
Triup
19
Indra
Triup, Virt
20
Indra
Jagati, Triup
21
Indra
Asti, Atisakvari
22
Brahmaaspati,
Jagati, Triup
23
19
Brahmaaspati,
Jagati, Triup
24
16
Brahmaaspati,
Jagati
25
Brahmaaspati,
Jagati
26
ditya
Triup
27
17
Varua
Triup
28
Triup
Dvata
Chandas
i: Vivmitra
Agni
Triup
23
Agni (Vaivnara)
Jagati
15
Agni (Vaivnara)
Jagati
11
Agni (Apriya)
Triup
11
Agni
Triup
11
Agni
Triup
11
Agni
Triup
11
yupa, Vivdvas,
Triup, Anuup
11
11
Agni, gayupa
Bhati, Triup
Agni
Unk
10
29
Agni
Gyatri
11
Indra, Agni
Gyatri
12
i: Krma/Gtsamada
Vivdvas
Mandalam 3
i: Gtsamada
Indra, Sma, etc
Triup, Jagati
30
11
Vivdvas
Triup, Jagati
31
Dyvpthivi
Jagati, Anuup
32
Rudra
Triup
33
15
Maruts
Jagati, Triup
34
15
Apamnapad
Triup
35
15
Indra, Maruts
Jagati
36
Dravinda, Avins
Jagati
37
Savita
Triup
38
11
Asvin
Triup
39
i: abha
Agni
Anuup
13
Agni
Triup
14
i: Utkla
Agni
Triup
15
Agni
Bhati, Sat-
16
i: Kata
Agni
Triup
17
Agni
Triup
18
i: Gdh
64
Treatise on gvda
Treatise on gvda
65
Agni
Triup
19
Indra
Bhati
45
Vivdvas, Agni
Triup
20
Indra
Bhati
46
Agni
Triup, Anuup
21
Indra
Triup
47
Agnaya (Pacha)
Triup, Anuup
22
Indra
Triup
48
Indra
Triup
49
Indra
Triup
50
Indra
Jagati, Triup
51
12
i: Dvarava/Dvavta
Agni
Triup, SatBhati
23
i: Vivmitra
Agni
Anuup, Gyatri
24
Indra
Triup, Jagati
52
Agni, Indra
Virt
25
Indra,Vak, etc
Triup, Jagati
53
24
Agni (Vaivnara),
Jagati, Triup
26
Agni (tus)
Gyatri
27
15
Vivdvas
Triup
54
22
Agni
Gyatri, Unk
28
Vivdvas
Triup
55
22
Agni
Anuup, Triup,
29
16
Vivdvas
Triup
56
Indra
Triup
30
22
Indra
Triup
31
22
Vivdvas
Triup
57
Triup
32
17
Avins
Triup
58
Indra
Triup, Anuup
33
13
Mitra
Triup, Gyatri
59
Indra
Triup
34
11
Indra, bhus
Jagati
60
Indra
Triup
35
11
Uas
Triup
61
Indra
Triup
36
11
Triup, Gyatri
62
18
Indra
Gyatri, Anuup
37
11
38
10
Dvata
S.No
M.No
Agni, Varua
Asti, Atijagati
20
Agni
Triup
20
Agni (Rudra)
Triup
16
Rakshhagni
Triup
15
Agni (Visvanara)
Triup
15
Agni
Triup
11
i: Prajpati
Indra
Triup
i: Vivmitra
Indra
Triup
39
Indra
Gyatri
40
Indra
Gyatri
41
Indra
Gyatri
42
Indra
Triup
43
Indra
Bhati
44
i: Vivmitra/Prajpati
i: Vivmitra
Mandalam 4
Chandas
i: Vmadva
66
Treatise on gvda
Treatise on gvda
67
Agni
Jagati, Anuup
11
bhus
Triup
35
Agni
Gyatri
bhus
Jagati, Triup
36
Agni
Gyatri
bhus
Triup, Anuup
37
Agni
Padapakti, Unk
10
Dadhikra
Triup
38
10
Agni
Triup
11
Dadhikra
Triup
39
Agni
Triup
12
Dadhikra, Srya
Triup, Jagati
40
Agni, etc
Triup
13
Indra, Varua
Triup
41
11
Agni
Triup
14
Agni, Smaka
Gyatri
15
10
42
10
Indra
Triup
16
21
indra
Triup, Virt
17
21
i: Indra/Vmadva/Aditi
Indra, Vamadva
Triup
18
13
i: Vmadva
i: Trasadasyu
tma, Indra, Varua
Triup
i: Purum/Ajam
Avins
Triup
43
Avins
Triup
44
Avins
Jagati, Triup
45
i: Vmadva
Indra
Triup
19
11
Vyu
Gyatri
46
Indra
Triup
20
11
Vyu, Indra
Anuup
47
Indra
Triup
21
11
Vaya
Anuup
48
Indra
Triup
22
11
Indra, Bhaspati
Gyatri
49
Indra (tadvata)
Triup
23
11
Indra, Bhaspati
Triup, Jagati
50
11
Indra
Triup, Anuup
24
11
Uas
Triup
51
11
indra
Triup
25
Uas
Gyatri
52
Triup
26
Savita
Jagati, Triup
53
Triup, akkar
27
Savita
Jagati
54
Indra, Sma
Triup
28
Vivdvas
Triup, Gyatri
55
10
Indra
Triup
29
Dyvpthivi
Triup, Gyatri
56
Indra, Uas
Gyatri, Anuup
30
24
Kstrapati, una,
Anuup, Triup,
57
Indra
Gyatri, Padanicrt
31
15
Triup, Jagati
58
11
Indra, Avins
Gyatri
32
24
bhus
Triup
33
11
bhus
Triup
34
11
S.No
M.No
Mandalam 5
Dvata
Chandas
68
Treatise on gvda
Treatise on gvda
Dvata Agni
Visvavara
Budha, Gavisthira
Triup
12
Kumra, Va
Triup, akkar
12
Vasusruta
Triup
12
Vasusruta
Triup
11
28
29
15
30
15
Dvata Indra
Gauraviti
Triup
Dvata Indra-Rnamcaya
Babhru
Dvata Agni-Apriya
Vasusruta
Triup, Jagati
69
Triup
Dvata Indra-Kutsa
Gyatri
11
Dvata Agni
Avasyu
Triup
31
13
Gitu
Triup
32
12
Vasusruta
Pakti
10
Isa
Anuup, Pakti
10
Samvarana
Triup
33
10
Isa
Jagati
Samvarana
Jagati, Triup
34
Gaya
Anuup, Pakti
Prabhuvasu
Anuup, Pakti
35
Gaya
Anuup, Pakti
10
Prabhuvasu
Triup, Jagati
36
Sutambhara
Jagati
11
Atri
Triup
37
Sutambhara
Triup
12
Atri
Anuup
38
Sutambhara
Gyatri
13
Atri
Anuup, Pakti
39
Sutambhara
Gyatri
14
Dharuna
Triup
15
40
Puru
Anuup, Pakti
16
Puru
Anuup, Pakti
17
Atri
41
20
Dvita Mrktavaha
Anuup, Pakti
18
Atri
42
18
Vavri, Dvita
Gyatri, Anuup
19
Atri
43
17
Prayasvanta
Anuup, Pakti
20
Avatsara
44
15
aa
Anuup, Pakti
21
Sadaprna
Triup Jythi
45
11
Vispasama
Anuup, Pakti
22
Vivacarani
Anuup, Pakti
23
46
Bandhu, Subandhu
Dvipada Virt
24
Vasuyava
Anuup
25
Pratiratha
Triup
47
Vasuyava
Gyatri
26
Pratibhanu
Jagati
48
Trivna
Triup, Anuup
27
Pratiprabha
Triup
49
Dvata Indra
Dvata Indra/Srya/Atri
Atri
Unk, Anuup
Dvata Vivdvas
Dvata Vivdvas/Dvapatnya
Pratikatra
Jagati, Triup
Dvata Vivdvas
70
Treatise on gvda
Treatise on gvda
71
Svasti
Anuup, Pakti
50
Atri
Triup
76
Svasti
Gyatri, Anuup
51
15
Atri
Triup
77
Saptavadhri
Unk, Anuup
78
Dvata Maruts
yvva
Anuup, Pakti
52
17
yvva
Kakub, Bhati
53
16
Satyasravas
Pakti
79
10
yvva
Jagati, Triup
54
15
Satyasravas
Triup
80
yvva
Jagati, Triup
55
10
Dvata Savita
yvva
Bhati, Sat-
56
yvva
Jagati
81
yvva
Jagati, Triup
57
yvva
Anuup, Gyatri
82
yvva
Triup
58
yvva
Jagati, Triup
59
83
10
yvva
Triup, Jagati
60
84
85
86
87
S.No
M.No
Gyatri, Anuup
Dvata Uas
Dvata Parjanya
Atri
Dvata Pthivi
Atri
61
19
Dvata MitraVarua
Triup
62
Arcanana
Jagati
63
Arcanana
Anuup, Pakti
64
Rtahavya
Anuup, Pakti
65
Rtahavya
Anuup
66
Yajata
Anuup
67
Yajata
Gyatri
68
Urucakri
Triup
69
Urucakri
Gyatri
70
Bhuvkta
Gyatri
71
Bhuvkta
Unk
72
Anuup
Dvata Varua
Atri
rutavit
Triup, Jagati,
Triup
Dvata Indra/Agni
Atri
Atri
Ati Jagati
Mandalam 6
Dvata
Chandas
i: Bharadvja
Agni
Triup
13
Agni
Anuup, akkar
11
Agni
Triup
Agni
Triup
Agni
Triup
Agni
Triup
Agni (Vaivnara)
Triup, Jagati
Dvata Avins
Paura
Anuup
73
10
Paura
Anuup, Nict
74
10
Avasyu
Pakti
75
72
Treatise on gvda
Treatise on gvda
73
Agni (Vaivnara)
Triup, Jagati
Indra
Triup
35
Agni (Vaivnara)
Triup
Indra
Triup
36
Agni
Triup, etc
10
i: Bharadvja
Agni
Triup
11
Indra
Triup
37
Agni
Triup
12
Indra
Triup
38
Agni
Triup
13
Indra
Triup
39
Agni
Anuup, akkar
14
Indra
Triup
40
Agni
Jagati, akkar
15
19
Indra
Triup
41
Agni
Gyatri, Anuup
16
48
Indra
Anuup, Bhati
42
Indra
Triup, etc
17
15
Indra
Unk
43
Indra
Triup
18
15
Indra
Triup
19
13
Indra
Triup, Anuup
44
24
Indra
Triup, Virt
20
13
Indra, Bbustaksa
Gyatri, Anuup
45
33
Indra, Vivdvas
Triup
21
12
Indra
Bhati, Sat-
46
14
Indra
Triup
22
11
Indra
Triup
23
10
47
31
Indra
Triup
24
10
Indra
Triup
25
48
22
Indra
Triup
26
Indra, Dnam
Triup
27
Vivdvas
Triup, akkar
49
15
Indra, Gva
28
Vivdvas
Triup
50
15
Indra
Triup
29
Vivdvas
Triup, Unk
51
15
Indra
Triup
30
Vivdvas
Triup, Gyatri
52
17
i: ayu
i: Garga
Sma, Indra
Triup, Bhati
i: ayu
i: Suhtra
i: Bharadvja
Indra
Triup, akkar
31
Pa
Gyatri, Anuup
53
10
Indra
Triup
32
Pa
Gyatri
54
10
Pa
Gyatri
55
i: unahtra
Indra
Triup
33
Pa
Gyatri, Anuup
56
Indra
Triup
34
Pa, Indra
Gyatri
57
Pa
Triup, Jagati
58
i: Nara
74
Treatise on gvda
Treatise on gvda
75
Indra, Agni
Bhati, Anuup
59
10
Agni
Triup
Indra, Agni
60
15
Agni
Triup
10
Sarasvat
61
14
Agni
Triup
11
Avins
Triup
62
11
Agni
Triup
12
Avins
Triup, Virt,
63
11
Agni (Vaivnara)
Triup
13
Ua
Triup
64
Agni
Triup, Bhati
14
Ua
Triup
65
Agni
Gyatri
15
15
Maruts
Triup
66
11
Agni
Bhati, Sat-
16
12
Mitra Varua
Triup
67
11
Agni
Dvipada Triup
17
Indra Varua
Triup, Jagati
68
11
Indra, Sudas
Triup
18
25
Indra Viu
Triup
69
Indra
Triup
19
11
Dyva Pthivi
Jagati
70
Indra
Triup
20
10
Savita
Jagati, Triup
71
Indra
Triup
21
10
Indra, Sma
Triup
72
Indra
Virat, Triup
22
Bhaspati
Triup
73
Indra
Triup
23
Sma, Rudra
Triup, Jagati
74
Indra
Triup
24
Indra
Triup
25
Indra
Triup
26
Indra
Triup
27
Indra
Triup
28
Indra
Triup
29
Indra
Triup
30
Indra
Gyatri, Virt
31
12
Indra
Bhati, Sat-
32
27
33
14
i: Pyu
Varma, Dhanu
75
19
Mandalam 7
Dvata
Chandas
S.No
M.No
i: Vasiha
Agni
Virat, Triup
25
Agni (Apriya)
Triup
11
Agni
Triup
10
Agni
Triup
10
Agni (Vaivnara)
Triup
Agni (Vaivnara)
Triup
Agni
Triup
Agni
Triup
i: Vasiha/Putrs
Indra, Vasiha
Triup
i: Vasiha
Vivdvas, etc
Triup
34
25
Vivdvas
Triup
35
15
Vivdvas
Triup
36
76
Treatise on gvda
Treatise on gvda
77
Vivdvas
Triup
37
Avins
Triup
67
10
Savita, Vajina
Triup
38
Avins
Virt, Triup
68
Vivdvas
Triup
39
Avins
Triup
69
Vivdvas
Triup
40
Avins
Triup
70
Jagati, Triup
41
Avins
Triup
71
Vivdvas
Triup
42
Avins
Triup
72
Vivdvas
Triup
43
Avins
Triup
73
Dadhikra, etc
Jagati, Triup
44
Avins
Bhati, Sat-
74
Savita
Triup
45
Uas
Triup
75
Rudra
Jagati, Triup
46
Uas
Triup
76
pa
Triup
47
Uas
Triup
77
bhus, etc
Triup
48
Uas
Triup
78
pa
Triup
49
Uas
Triup
79
Jagati, Atijagati
50
Uas
Triup
80
dityas
Triup
51
Uas
Bhati, Sat-
81
Adityas
Triup
52
Indra, Varua
Jagati
82
10
Dyvpthivi
Triup
53
Indra, Varua
Jagati
83
10
Vastspati
Triup
54
Indra, Varua
Triup
84
Vastspati, Indra
Gyatri, Anuup,
55
Indra, Varua
Triup
85
Maruts
DvipadaVirt, etc
56
25
Varua
Triup
86
Maruts
Triup
57
Varua
Triup
87
Maruts
Triup
58
Varua
Triup
88
Maruts, Rudra
Bhati, Sat-
59
12
Varua
Gyatri, Jagati
89
Triup
60
12
Vyu, Indra
Triup
90
Mitra, Varua
Triup
61
Vyu, Indra
Triup
91
Triup
62
Vyu, Indra
Triup
92
Triup
63
Indra, Agni
Triup
93
Mitra, Varua
Triup
64
Indra, Agni
Gyatri, Anuup
94
12
Mitra, Varua
Triup
65
Sarasvat, Sarasvan
Triup, Bhati
95
66
19
Sarasvat, Sarasvan
Bhati, Gyatri
96
78
Treatise on gvda
Treatise on gvda
Indra, Bhaspati
Triup
97
10
Indra, Bhaspati
Triup
98
Viu, Indra
Triup
99
Viu
Triup
100
i: Kumra
Avins
Triup
101
Parjanya
Gyatri, Padanicrt
102
Avins
Anuup, Triup
103
10
Jagati, Triup,
104
25
Mandalam 8
S.No
M.No
Triup
34
Gyatri, Anuup
42
24
21
39
48
36
23
i: Pragtha/Mdhtithi
Indra (Asaga)
i: Mdhtithi
Indra (Vibhindu)
i: Mdhytithi
Indra (Pkasthma)
Bhati-Sat, etc
i: Dvtithi
Bhati-Sat, etc
i: Brahmtithi
Avins, Chaidya
Gyatri, Anuup
i: Vatsa
Indra, Tirindra
Gyatri
i: Punarvatsa
Maruts
Gyatri
i: Sadhvamsa
Avins
Anuup
i: aakara
Bhati, etc
10
Pratistha, Gyatri,
11
10
12
33
13
33
i: Parvata
Indra
Unk
i: Nrada
Madka
Chandas
21
i: Vatsa
i: Vasiha
Dvata
i: Pragatha
Agni
Parjanya
79
Indra
Unk
i: Gkti/Avaskti
Indra
Gyatri
14
15
Indra
Unk
15
13
i: Irimbii
Indra
Gyatri
16
12
Indra
17
15
Unk
18
22
i: Sbhari
ditya, Agni, etc
Kakub, Satbhati
19
37
Maruts
Kakub, Satbhati
20
26
Indra, Chitra
Kakub, Satbhati
21
18
Avins
Kakub, Satbhati
22
18
i: Vivamana
Agni
Unk
23
30
Indra, Varu
Unk, Anuup
24
30
Unk
25
24
Avins, Vyu
Unk, Gyatri
26
25
i: Manu
Vivdvas
Bhati-Sat
27
22
Vivdvas
Gyatri, Unk
28
Vivdvas
DvipadaVirt
29
10
80
Treatise on gvda
Treatise on gvda
81
Vivdvas
Gyatri, Unk
30
Agni
Bhati-Sat
49
20
Yaja, Yajamna,
Gyatri, Anuup,
31
18
Indra
Bhati-Sat
50
18
i: Mdhtithi
Indra
Gyatri
i: Prgtha
32
30
i: Mdhytithi
Indra
Bhati, Gyatri,
33
19
i: Nptithi
Indra
Anuup, Gyatri
34
Indra
Pakti, Bhati
51
12
Indra, Dvas
Anuup, Gyatri
52
12
Indra
Gyatri
53
12
Indra
Gyatri
54
12
Bhati, Sat-
55
15
Gyatri
56
21
18
i: yavva
i: Kali
Indra
Avins
Uparisthajyti,
35
24
i: Jlanaddh Matsya
Indra
akkar, Pakti
36
dityas
Indra
Atijagati, Pakti
37
Indra, Agni
Gyatri
38
10
i: Nbhka
Agni
Mah Pakti
39
10
Indra, Agni
40
12
Varua
Mah Pakti
41
10
Avins, Varua
Triup, Anuup
42
i: Priyamdha
Indra, Rikshasva
Anuup, Gyatri
57
19
Indra, Varua
Anuup, Gyatri
58
18
59
15
60
15
61
18
i: Puruhanma
Indra
i: Sudti/Purumha
Agni
i: Virpa
Gyatri
43
33
Agni
Gyatri
44
30
i: Trika
Gyatri
45
42
Agni
Avins
Gyatri
62
18
Agni (Srutarva)
Anuup, Gyatri
63
15
64
16
i: Virpa
Gyatri, Kakub,
46
33
Agni
i: Trita
Adityas, Uas
MahaPakti
Triup, Jagati
i: Bharga
Gyatri
i: Kurusuti
47
18
i: Prgtha
Sma
Gyatri
i: Gpavana
i: Vasa
Indra, Pthusrav,
Agni
Agni (Indra)
Bhati, Sat-
48
15
Indra
Gyatri
65
12
Indra
Gyatri, Bhati
66
11
Indra
Gyatri, Bhati
67
10
i: Ktnu
82
Sma
Treatise on gvda
Gyatri, Anuup
Treatise on gvda
68
Indra
i: kady
Indra, Dvas
Gyatri, Triup
69
10
Indra
Gyatri
70
Indra
Gyatri
71
Vivdvas
Gyatri
72
i: Uans
Gyatri
86
15
i: Nmdha
i: Kusd
Agni
Bhati, Atijagati,
83
Indra
Unk, Kakub,
87
12
Indra
Bhati, Sat-
88
89
12
90
16
91
22
92
14
S.No
M.No
i: Nma/Indra
Indra, Suparna,
i: Jamadagni
Mitra, Varua,
73
i: Ka
Triup, Jagati,
Bhati, Sati: Prayga
Agni
Gyatri
Avins
Gyatri
74
Avins
Jagati
75
Avins
Bhati, Sat-
76
77
Dvata
Madhucchandas
Gyatri
10
i: Ndh
Indra
i: Sbhari
Agni, Maruts
Bhati, Sat-
Mandalam 9
Chandas
Dvata Smapavamana
Indra
Bhati, Sat-
78
Indra
Bhati, Sat-
79
Mdhatithi
Gyatri
10
Sunasspa
Gyatri
10
80
Hiranyastupa
Gyatri
10
81
33
Asita
11
82
34
Asita
Gyatri
Asita
Gyatri
83
12
Asita
Gyatri
Asita
Gyatri
Asita
Gyatri
10
Asita
Gyatri
11
Asita
Gyatri
12
i: Apl
Indra
Pakti, Anuup
i rutakaka/Sukaka
Indra
Anuup, Gyatri
i: Sukaka
Indra
Gyatri
i: Bindu
Maruts
Gyatri
i: Tirac
Indra
Anuup
84
Indra, Maruts
Triup, Virat,
85
21
i: Rbha
84
Treatise on gvda
Treatise on gvda
85
Asita
Gyatri
13
Mdhytithi
Gyatri
43
Asita
Gyatri
14
Ayasya
Gyatri
44
Asita
Gyatri
15
Ayasya
Gyatri
45
Asita
Gyatri
16
Ayasya
Gyatri
46
Asita
Gyatri
17
Kavi
Gyatri
47
Asita
Gyatri
18
Kavi
Gyatri
48
Asita
Gyatri
19
Kavi
Gyatri
49
Asita
Gyatri
20
Ucathya
Gyatri
50
Asita
Gyatri
21
Ucathya
Gyatri
51
Asita
Gyatri
22
Ucathya
Gyatri
52
Asita
Gyatri
23
Avatsara
Gyatri
53
Asita
Gyatri
24
Avatsara
Gyatri
54
Gyatri
25
Avatsara
Gyatri
55
Idhmavaha
Gyatri
26
Avatsara
Gyatri
56
Nmdha
Gyatri
27
Avatsara
Gyatri
57
Priyamdha
Gyatri
28
Avatsara
Gyatri
58
Nmdha
Gyatri
29
Avatsara
Gyatri
59
Bindu
Gyatri
30
Avatsara
Gyatri/PuraUnk
60
hugana
Gyatri
31
Amahiyu
Gyatri
61
30
yvva
Gyatri
32
Jamadagni
Gyatri
62
30
Trita
Gyatri
33
Nidhruvi
Gyatri
63
30
Trita
Gyatri
34
Kasyapa
Gyatri
64
30
Prabhuvasu
Gyatri
35
Bhrugu, Jamadagni
Gyatri
65
30
Prabhuvasu
Gyatri
36
Rahugana
Gyatri
37
66
30
Rahugana
Gyatri
38
Brhanmati
Gyatri
39
67
32
Brhanmati
Gyatri
40
Mdhyatithi
Gyatri
41
Vathsapri
Jagati, Triup
68
10
Mdhyatithi
Gyatri
42
Hiranyastupa
Jagati, Triup
69
10
Gyatri, Anuup
Dvata Pavamana Sma Pa, etc
Bharadwaja, etc
Gyatri, Anuup
Dvata Sma Pmana
86
Treatise on gvda
Treatise on gvda
87
Rnu
Jagati, Triup
70
10
Rbhasunu
Anuup
100
abha
Jagati, Triup
71
Andhiyu, etc.
Anuup, Gyatri
101
16
Harimanta
Jagati
72
Trita
Unk
102
Pavithra
Jagati
73
Dvita
Unk
103
Kaksivan
Jagati, Triup
74
Unk
104
Kavi
Jagati
75
Parvata Nradau
Unk
105
Kavi
Jagati
76
Unk
106
14
Kavi
Jagati
77
Sapta ya
Bhati, SatBhati
107
26
Kavi
Jagati
78
Kakub, SatBhati
108
16
Kavi
Jagati
79
DvipadaVirt
109
22
Vasu
Jagati
80
Tryaruna, etc
Anuup, Bhati
110
12
Vasu
Jagati, Triup
81
Ananata
Atyasti
111
Vasu
Jagati, Triup
82
iu
Pakti
112
Pavithra
Jagati
83
Kayapa
Pakti
113
11
Prajpati
Jagati
84
Kayapa
Pakti
114
Vna
Jagati, Triup
85
12
Akrtamasa, etc
Jagati
86
48
Usanas
Triup
87
S.No
M.No
Usanas
Triup
88
Usanas
Triup
89
Vasista
Triup
90
Kashyapa
Triup
91
Kashyapa
Triup
92
Ndha
Triup
93
Kava
Triup
94
Praskanva
Triup
95
Pradardana
Triup
96
24
Vasiha, etc
Triup
97
58
Ambarisha, etc
Bhati, Anuup
98
12
Rbhasunu
Bhati, Anuup
99
Mandalam 10
Dvata
Chandas
i: Trita
Agni
Triup
Agni
Triup
Agni
Triup
Agni
Triup
Agni
Triup
Agni
Triup
Agni
Triup
i: Triiras
Agni, Indra
Triup
i: Sindhudvpa
pa
Gyatri, Anuup
88
Treatise on gvda
Treatise on gvda
i: Yam, Yama
Yama, Yam
Triup
Indra, Vsukra
10
14
i: gihavirdhna
Triup, Jagati
11
Agni
Triup
12
i: Vivasvn
Havirdhana
Triup, Jagati
13
i: Yama
Yama, Pitara, etc
Triup, Anuup
14
16
Triup
Triup, Anuup
15
14
16
Triup, Anuup
Triup, etc
17
30
15
Vivdvas
Triup
31
11
Vivdvas
Triup, Jagati
32
Vivdvas, etc
Triup, Gyatri
33
Aksa, etc
Triup, Jagati
34
14
Anuup, Gyatri
Vivdvas
Triup, Jagati
35
14
Vivdvas
Triup, Jagati
36
14
37
12
38
i: Abhitap
14
18
19
14
8
Triup, Jagati
i: Mukavn Indra
Indra
i: Mathita
pa, Gva, etc
Triup
Srya
i: Sakusuka
Mtyu, Pitmdha
29
pa, pamnapat
14
i: Dvarv
Sarayu, Pa, etc
Triup
i: La
i: Damana
Agni
12
i: Kavaa
i: akha
Pitara
28
i: Vsukra
Indra
Agni
Triup
89
Jagati
i: Gh
Avins
Jagati, Triup
39
14
Avins
Jagati
40
14
41
i: Vimada
i: Suhastya
Agni
20
10
Agni
AstaraPakti
21
Indra
Bhati, Anuup
22
15
Indra
Triup
42
11
Indra
23
Indra
Jagati, Triup
43
11
Indra, Avins
Aarapakti
24
Indra
Jagati, Triup
44
11
Pavamana Sma
Aarapakti
25
11
Pa
Unk, Anuup
26
i: Vsukra
Indra
Triup
i: Vsukra/Indra
27
Avins
Jagati
i: Ka
i: Vatsapri
Agni
Triup
45
12
Agni
Triup
46
10
47
10
24
i: Saptagu
Indra, Vaikuha
Triup
90
Treatise on gvda
Treatise on gvda
i: Vaikuha Indra
Bhaspati
Triup
91
68
12
Indra
Triup, Jagati
48
11
Indra
Triup, Jagati
49
11
Agni
Triup, Jagati
69
12
Indra
Triup, Jagati
50
Agni (Apriya)
Triup
70
11
i: Sumitra
i: Dvas/Saucika Agni
Agni, Dvas
Triup
i: Bhaspati
51
i: Saucika Agni
Vivdvas
Triup
52
Triup, Jagati
53
Triup, Jagati
71
11
Dvas
Anuup
72
i: Dvas/Saucika Agni
Agni, Dvas
Jnam
11
i: Gaurivti
Maruts
Triup
73
11
Maruts (Indra)
Triup
74
75
76
i: Bhaduktha
i: Sindhukit
Indra
Triup
54
Indra
Triup
55
Vivdvas
Triup, Jagati
56
Nadya
Jagati
i: Jaratkara
Gravana
i: Bandhu/rutabandhu, etc
Jagati
i: Symarami
Vivdvas
Gyatri
57
Maruts
Triup, Jagati
77
Mana
Anuup
58
12
Maruts
Triup, Jagati
78
Nirrti, etc
59
10
Asamati, Jva
Gyatri, Anuup
60
12
i: Nbhndiha
Vivdvas
Triup
61
27
Vivdvas, etc
Jagati, Anuup
62
11
i: Gaya
Vivdvas, etc
Jagati, Triup
63
17
Vivdvas
Jagati, Triup
64
17
i: Vsukra
Vivdvas
Jagati, Triup
65
15
Bhaspati
Jagati, Triup
66
15
i: Saucika Agni
Agni
Triup
79
Agni
Triup
80
i: Vivakrma
Visvakarma
Triup
81
Visvakarma
Triup
82
i: Manyu
Manyu
Jagati, Triup
83
Manyu
Jagati, Triup
84
85
47
86
23
i: Srya
Srya, Sma etc
i: Aysya
Bhaspati
Triup
Anuup, Triup
i: Indra/Indra/Vkapi
67
12
Indra
Pakti
92
Treatise on gvda
Treatise on gvda
i: Pyu
Rakshagni
Triup, Anuup
Indra, Drughan
87
102
12
103
13
104
11
105
11
Triup
106
11
Dakina (Datara)
Triup, Jagati
107
11
Sarama, Panaya
Triup
108
11
109
110
11
111
10
112
10
113
10
114
10
115
116
117
25
i: Mrdhanvn
i: Apratiratha
Indra, Bhaspati
Srya, Vaivnara
Triup
88
19
Indra
Triup
89
18
Anuup, Triup
Indra
Jagati, Triup
90
16
Indra
Jagati
91
15
Anuup, Pakti
92
15
93
15
i: Arbuda
Gravana
Jagati, Triup
Triup
94
14
95
Jagati, Triup
18
13
i: Bhiak
sadhaya
Anuup
23
i: Dvpi
Dvas
Triup
12
i: Vamra
Indra
Triup
12
i: Duvasyu
Vivdvas
Jagatri, Triup
12
i: Budha
Vivdvas
Triup, Gyatri
i: Madgala
Triup, Jagati
i: Agniyuta/Agniypa
Indra
101
Triup, Jagati
i: Vrihavya
Agni
100
Triup, jagati
i: Sadhri
Vivdvas
99
Triup
i: ataprabhdana
Indra
98
Triup
i: Nabhaprabhdana
Indra
97
Triup
i: Adamtra
Indra
96
Triup, Anuup
i: Jamadagni
Agni (Apriya)
i: Baru
Hari
i: Juh
Vivdvas
i: Purravas/Urvai
Urvai, Purravas
Avins
i: Divya/Dakina
i: Tnva
Vivdvas
i: ryata
Vivdvas
Triup
i: Sumitra/Kautsa
i: Arua
Agni
Triup, Anuup
i: Ataka
i: Nryaa
Purua
Bhati, Triup
93
12
Triup
i: Bhiku
Dhanannadanam
Jagati, Triup
94
Treatise on gvda
Treatise on gvda
i: Urukaya
Rakhgni
Gyatri
i: Sudas
118
Indra
i: Indra-Labarpapanna
Indra, Gyatri
Indra, Triup
Triup
119
13
Indra
Triup
120
Triup, Jagati
121
10
122
Yama
Triup
Triup, Jagati
123
Triup, Jagati
Brihati, Triup
124
Gayati
Triup, Jagati
125
Triup
Jagati, Triup
126
Triup, Anuup
Prastara Pakti
139
140
141
142
127
143
144
145
146
147
8
9
7
Anuup
i: Dvamuni
7
7
Anuup
i: Trkya
Anuup
i: Suvdas
Indra
132
Jagati, Triup
i: Atri
Aranyani
131
Anuup
i: Jarita, Dra,etc
Sapatnibadhanam
130
Vistarapakti
i: Agni-Tpasa
Gyatri
129
Triup
i: Agni-Pvaka
Avins
128
Jagati
i: Vivvasu
Agni
i: akapta
Mitr, Varua, etc
138
i: Aga
i: Sukrti
Indra, Avins
Vivdvas
i: Yaja
Bhvavttam
137
i: Prajpati
Bhvavttam
Anuup
Agni
i: Vihavya
Vivdvas
135
Vivdvas
i Kuika/Rtri
Rthri
Anuup
Savita, tma
i: Amhmuk
Vivdvas
136
i: Vk/Ambh
tma
134
Anuup
Indra
i: Agni/Varua/Sma
Agni, Varua
Mahpakti
Ksina (Agni)
i: Vna
Vna
i: Jti/Vtajti/etc
i: Chitramaha
Agni
133
i: Kumra
i: Hirayagarbha
Ka (Prajpati)
akkar, Pakti
i: Yauvanva/Gdha
i: Bhaddiva
Indra
95
Jagati, Triup
i: Pthu
96
Indra
Treatise on gvda
Triup
Treatise on gvda
148
Yaksmanasanam
i: Arcan
Savita
Triup
Bhati, Jythi
149
Dussvapnanasanam
Anuup
150
Vivdvas
Anuup
151
Sapatnanasana
Gyatri
152
Sma, Varua
Anuup
153
Vyu
Anuup
154
Gava
Gyatri
155
Srya
Triup (Dvipada)
156
Indra
Gyatri
157
Uas
Anuup
158
Raja
Triup
159
Raja
Triup, Anuup
160
Gravana
Anuup
i Vivha
167
Triup
168
Triup
169
Jagati, Pakti
170
Gyatri
171
Dripadavirat
172
Anuup
173
Anuup
174
Gyatri
175
176
177
i: Snu
161
bhus, Agni
i: Rakh
Garbharaksanam
Jagati
i: rdvagrva Sarpa
i: Yakmanana
Indra
i: Abhivarta
i: Praa
Indra
166
i: Dhruva
i: ac
Saci
Anuup, Pakti
i: Samvarta
i: Caku
Srya
i: Ita
i: Bhuvana
Vivdvas
165
i: Vibhrt
i; Ktu
Agni
Triup
i: abara
i: irimbiha
Alaksmighanam,
i: Anila
i: Maya
Bhavavritam
164
i: Vivmitra/Jamadagni
i: Dvajmaya, Indramtara
Indra
Anuup, Triup
i: abha
i: sa
Indra
i: Kapta
i: raddh
Sraddha
163
i: Practis
i: Mika
Agni
Anuup
97
Anuup, Gyatri
i: Pataga
162
Mayabhda
Jagati, Triup
i: Arianmi
98
Tarkaya
Treatise on gvda
Triup
Treatise on gvda
178
i: ibi, etc
Indra
Anuup, Triup
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
i: Jaya
Indra
Triup
i: Pratha, Sapratha, etc
Vivdvas
Triup
i: Tapuhmrtha
Bhaspati
Triup
i: Prajvn
Yajamnapatni,
Triup
i: Viu-Prajpatya
Viu, Sinvli,
Anuup
i: Satyadhti
ditya
Gyatri
i: Ula
Vyu
Gyatri
i: Vatsa
Agni
Gyatri
i: yna
Jatavda Agni
Gyatri
i: Sarparj
tma (Srya)
Gyatri
i: Aghamaraa
Bhvavttam
Anuup
i: Samvanana
Agni, Samjnana
Anuup, Triup
99
Inference
From an overall view of the data on the ten Maalas of gvda
presented here, the following points can be noticed.
1. Agni is the first Dvata appearing in all Maalas except 8 and
9. While Indra appears as the first Dvata in Maalam 8; SmaPavamna is appearing as the first Dvata in Maalam 9. This
could possibly be because, in the early Vdik period, the sages might
have thought that, being the source of physical energy, Agni is the
driving force behind all activities that go on in the Universe. Later,
Indra as Universal Manifested Self (or Jvtma) got precedence over
Agni. Still later the wise sages must have realized the unreality of
Jvtma, and Sma was conceived of as the connecting link between
Birth-less Brahman and the manifested Universe; or Sma gets precedence over Indra.
2. Generally in all Maalas, Chandasas containing more number of
letters are found to precede those having lesser number. In other
words perceptions or hymns on one Dvata from any i follows
this pattern. Conversely, hymns in Gyatr, Uik, Anuup, etc appear after Jagati, Triup etc.
3. On closer scrutiny of the data presented here, one can notice that,
number of mantras per sktam shows a decreasing trend as sktam
number increases; all other factors remaining the same. By implication, an increase in number of mantras between two successive
sktas is a sure sign indicating a change in one or more factors: i,
Dvata or Chandas.
4. Maalam 9 almost exclusively deals with the Causal World of
flowing Sma. A detailed study of the data presented here on other
Maalas would show that:
a) In Maala 1, more sktas talk about the gross and subtle worlds
compared to Maalam 10, though physically they look alike,
both containing 191 sktas.
b) Level of abstraction increases from Maalam 1 through 8.
c) In one sense, Maalam 1 contains perceptions from many wise
sages whose names do not appear prominently in later Maalas
100
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Treatise on gvda
Treatise on gvda
101
102
Treatise on gvda
Treatise on gvda
103
1.6
Kava
Praiser
1.7
Praskava
Grandson of a praiser
1.8
Savya
1.9
Ndh
1.10
Parara
1.11
Gtama
Appendix I
5. gvdik is
1.12
Ktsa
1.13
Kayapa
1.14
jrva
1.15
Kakvn
1.16
Parucchpa
1.17
Drghatam
1.18
Agastya
1.19
Lpamudra
Introduction
k 1.155.3 states : "Such noble deeds enhance their great strength.
Some sons bestow joy and happiness on their mothers by their vitality
and enjoyment powers. A son gets his first name from his father, when
he (the son) is a few days old. The second he gets after his education and
training; and the third from his exemplary deeds, by which he shines
like the Sun". Names of gvdik is belong to the third category. In
other words, these are not their first names; but names by which they
wanted themselves to be known and remebered for all times to come.
For example, seer of the (above quoted) k calls himself 'Drghatam',
which means 'one who has been in darkness (of ignorance) for a long
time'. Based on this hypothesis, names of gvdik is are presented
in this appendix in the order in which they appear in gvda.
Madala 1
S.No.
Name
Its Significance
1.1
Madhucchandas
1.2
Jt
Victorious
1.3
Mdhtithi
Intelligent guest
1.4
unapa
1.5
Hirayastpa
Madala 2
2.1
Grithsamada
2.2
Smhuti
2.3
Krma
Madala 3
3.1
Visvmitra
Friend of all
3.2
abha
3.3
Ukla (Kya)
3.4
Kaa
3.5
Gthi
3.6
Dvarav
3.7
Dvavta
104
3.8
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Prajpati
Madala 4
4.1
Vmadva
4.2
Trasadasyu
4.3
Purumha
Madala 5
Treatise on gvda
105
5.21
Traivrinya
5.22
Vivavr
5.23
Gauravt
Highly esteemed
5.24
Babhru
5.25
Avasyu
5.26
Gtu
5.27
Samvaraa
5.28
Prabhvasu
5.29
Atri
5.30
Avatsra
5.31
Sadpria
All-time Cherisher
5.32
Pratikatra
5.33
Pratirtha
Adversary in war
5.34
Pratibhnu
5.35
Pratiprabha
5.36
Svasti
Deity of Prosperity
5.37
yvva
5.38
rutavit
5.39
Arcanna
5.40
Rtahavya
5.41
Yaja
Sacrificer
5.42
Yajata
Worthy of worship
5.43
Urucakri
5.1
Budha
5.2
Gavihira
5.3
Va
Male (man)
5.4
Vasuruta
5.5
Ia
Seeker of knowledge
5.6
Gaya
5.7
Sutambhara
5.8
Dharua
5.9
Puru
5.10
Dvita Mriktavha
5.11
Vavri
Coverer
5.12
(Endeavouring)
trys
5.13
Sasa
5.14
Vivasm
5.15
Dyumna
Vivacarani
5.16
Bandhu
5.44
Bhuvrikta
5.17
Subandhu
5.45
Paura
5.18
Viprabandhu
5.46
Saptavadhri
5.19
rutabhandhu
5.20
(Vasyava)
treys
5.47
Satyarav
5.48
Bhauma
106
5.49
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vaymarut
Madala 6
6.1
Bharadvja
6.2
Suhtra
6.3
nahtra
6.4
Nara
Leader of men
6.5
amyu
6.6
jiva
6.7
Pyu
Madala 7
Treatise on gvda
8.11
Nrada
8.12
Gkti
8.13
Avaskti
8.14
Irumbihi
8.15
Sbhar
Bearer of destruction
8.16
Vivaman
Perceiver of everythinhg
8.17
Manu
Thoughtful person
8.18
Nptithi
8.19
yvva
8.20
Nbhka
Destroyer of Ignorance
8.21
Arcanna
8.22
Virpa
7.1
Vasiha
8.23
Trika
7.2
Vasihaputras
Sons of Vasiha
8.24
Avyvaa
7.3
Kumra
Youth or son
8.25
Trita
8.26
Pragtha
Praiser
Madala 8
8.27
Bhargga
Possessor of splendour
8.1
Mdhtithi
Wise guest
8.28
Kali
8.2
Priyamdha
Lovable intellectual
8.29
8.3
Mdhytithi
Guest of Intellectuals
Matsy
Jlanaddha
8.4
Dvtithi
8.30
Puruhanm
8.5
Brahmtithi
8.31
Purumha
8.6
Vathsa
8.32
Haryata
Desirable person
8.7
Saddhvamsa
Disperser of Truth
8.33
Saptavadhri
8.8
aakara
8.34
Gpavana
8.35
Kurusti
8.9
Pragtha
Praiser
8.36
Kritnu
Clever person
8.10
Parvata
Mountain-like cloud
8.37
kadyu
Solitary assailer
8.38
Kudya (Kusd)
107
108
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Treatise on gvda
8.39
Uan
Zealous person
9.13
Trita
(8.25)
8.40
Kria
Dark person
9.14
Prabhvasu
(5.28)
8.41
Vivaka
All-containing praiser
9.15
Rahgaa
8.42
Dyumnka
Powerful man
8.43
Ndh
9.16
Bhanmati
Highmined soul
9.17
Mdhytithi
(8.3)
8.44
Nmdha
Man-Sacrificer
9.18
Aysya
8.45
Purumdha
9.19
Kavi
8.46
Apl
Unprotected
9.20
Ucathya
8.47
rutakaka
9.21
Vathsra
8.48
Sukaka
8.49
Bindu
9.22
Mahyu
8.50
Tirac
9.23
Jamadagni
(8.52)
8.51
Nma
9.24
Nidhruvi
8.52
Jamadagni
9.25
Kayapa
(1.3)
8.53
Prayga
Offerer of oblations
9.26
Bhgu
Madala 9
9.27
9.1
Madhucchandas
(1.1)
9.28
Bharadvja
(6.1)
9.2
Mdhtith
(1.3)
9.29
Vathsapri
9.3
unapa
(1.4)
9.30
Ru
9.4
Hirayastpa
(1.5)
9.31
Riabha
9.5
Asita
9.32
Harimanta
Yellow-coloured person
9.6
Dhacyuta
9.33
Pavitra
9.7
Idmavha
Conveyor of oblations
9.34
Kakvn
(1.15)
9.8
Nmdha
(8.44)
9.35
Kavi
(9.19)
9.9
Priyamdha
(8.2)
9.36
Vasu
9.10
Bindu
(8.49)
9.37
Prajpati
9.11
Gtama
(1.11)
9.38
Vna
9.12
yvva
(5.37)
9.39
kt M
Attracted Block-heads
109
110
Treatise on gvda
9.40
Gthsamada
(2.1)
9.41
Uan
(8.39)
9.42
Vasiha
9.43
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111
10.5
(gi)
Havirdhna
(7.1)
10.6
Vivasvn
Ndh
(8.43)
10.7
Yama
9.44
Kava
(1.6)
9.45
Praskava
(1.7)
10.8
ankha
9.46
Pratardana
Destroyer of enemies
10.9
Damana
Passionless person
9.47
Ambara
10.10
Dvarav
9.48
jiva
(6.6)
10.11
Samkusuka
Irresolute man
9.49
Rbhasn
Sons of a praiser
10.12
Matitha
Afflicted person
9.50
Andhigu
Goer in darkness
10.13
9.51
Dvita
Vimada
(Prjpatya)
9.52
Parvata
(8.10)
10.14
Same as above
9.53
Nrada
(8.11)
Vimada
(Indraputr)
9.54
Agni-caku
10.15
Vasukra
Excellent illuminator
9.55
Manu
(8.17)
10.16
Kavaa
9.56
Gauravti
(5.23)
10.17
Aka
9.57
Aivar
Superhuman power
10.18
9.59
Tryarua
10.19
Abhitap
9.60
Trasadasyu
(4.2)
10.20
Suhastya
9.61
Annata
10.21
Ka
(8.40)
9.62
iu
Scholar
10.22
Vathsapri
(9.29)
10.23
Saptagu
10.24
Indra (Vaikuha)
Madala 10
10.1
Trita
(8.25)
10.25
Dvs, Agni
10.2
Triir
10.26
Agni (aucka)
10.3
Sindhudvpa
10.27
Brihduktha
10.4
Yami, Yama
10.28
Bandhu
(5.16)
10.29
Subandhu
(5.17)
112
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Treatise on gvda
10.30
rutabandhu
(5.18)
10.57
Urvai
10.31
Viprabandhu
(5.19)
10.58
Varu
10.32
Bandhu's mother
Mother of Bandhs
10.59
Bhiak
Healer
10.33
Nbhndiha
10.60
Dvpi
10.34
Gaya (Pla)
10.61
Vamra
Ant-like person
10.35
Vasukara
10.62
Duvasyu
Worshiper
10.36
Aysya
(9.8)
10.63
Bhudha
(5.1)
10.37
Sumitra
Good friend
10.64
Mudgala
Swallower of happiness
10.38
Bhaspati
10.65
Apratiratha
10.39
Gauravti
(9.23)
10.66
Aaka
10.40
Sindhukit
10.67
Bhtma
Part of Reality
10.41
Jaralkara
10.68
Divya
Wonderful sage
10.42
Smarami
10.69
Paaya
10.43
Sapti
10.70
Saram
10.44
Vivakarm
10.71
Juh
10.72
Jamadagni
(8.52)
10.45
Manyu
10.73
Aadamara
10.46
Sry
10.74
ataprabhdana
10.47
Indra, Vkapi
10.75
Sadhrik
10.48
Indri
10.76
Upastuta
Praised sage
10.49
Pyu
(6.7)
10.77
Agniyuta
(Agniypa)
10.50
Rnu
(9.30)
10.78
Bhiku
(Spiritual) mendicant
10.51
Mrdhanvn
10.79
Urukaya
10.52
Nryaa
10.80
Brihaddiva
10.53
Arua
10.81
Hirayagarbha
Golden egg
10.54
aryta
Fighter
10.82
Citramah
10.55
Tnva
10.83
Vna
10.56
Arbuda
Serpent-like demon
10.84
Varua
(4 of Appendix II)
113
114
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Treatise on gvda
115
10.85
Sma
(9 of Appendix II)
10.109
Prithu
10.86
mbhrivk
10.110
Arcan
10.111
Mka
Favouer
10.87
Kalmalabarhia
10.112
raddh
Faith, Believer
10.88
Vmadva
10.113
sa
Commander
10.89
Nabha
Prabhdana
Piercer of cloud
10.114
Indra mtara
Indra's mothers
10.115
irimbiha
10.90
Rtri
10.116
Ktu
10.91
Vihavya
One to be invoked
10.92
Prajpati
10.117
Caku
Eye
10.93
Yaja
10.118
ac
10.94
Sukrti
Well-praised sage
10.119
Praa
10.95
akapta
10.120
Yakamanana
Remover of sickness
10.96
Sud
Munificient person
10.121
Rakh
10.97
Mndht, Gdh
10.122
Vivrih
10.98
Kumra
(7.3)
10.123
Pract
10.99
Jt, Vt Jt
10.124
Kapta
Dove-like person
10.125
10.100
Bharadvja
(6.1)
kvara, Riabha
10.101
Aga
Limb or body
10.126
Visvmitra
(3.1)
10.102
Vivvasu
Beneficial to all
10.127
Anila
10.103
Jarit, Dra
(etc)
10.128
abara
Variegated person
10.129
Vibhrt
Shining one
10.104
Atri
(5.29)
10.130
Ia
10.105
Supara
10.131
Samvarta
10.106
Indr
10.132
Dhruva
10.133
rdhvagrv
10.134
Snu
Son
10.107
Dvamuni
shining hermit
10.108
Suvda
Well-versed in sciences
116
Treatise on gvda
10.135
Pataga
10.136
Arianmi
10.137
ibi
Best of prey
10.138
Jaya
Conqueror
10.139
Pratha
Celebrity
10.140
Tapurmrdha
Burning-headed (Agni)
10.141
Prajvn
Granter of off-springs
10.142
Tvat
10.143
Satyadhriti
10.144
Ula
10.145
Vatsa
Darling, off-spring
10.146
yna
10.147
Srparji
Queen of serpents
10.148
Agamaraa
Effacer of sins
10.149
Samvanaa
10.150
amyu
Appendix II
6. Dvatas of (in) gvda
Introduction
Literally, Dvata means Godhead, divinity, image of a deity, idol,
etc. But with reference to gvda, the word signifies the subject matter
of the concerned skta. gvda is said to be depository of four kinds
of knowledge.
I - Gross (observed) world
II - Subtle (perceived) world
III - The Causal world of Sma
IV - tma - The Self.
Treatise on gvda
117
tma is not a name and is beyond all words. It stands for Birthless
Brahman or Birthless State. represents this (Birthless) State.
However, the wise sages used many words to signify tma; such as
: Paramtma, Shining Space, Reddish One, Brownish One, Satya,
THAT, IT, etc.
Dvatas of gvdik sktams could be any of the four types
mentioned above. Moreover, all gross objects in this Universe are
supposed to be made up of five basic forms of Matter in order of
increasing grossness : The Space, Air (which is a gas), Agni (energy,
Water (representing liquids), and the Earth (standing for solid matter).
Subtle or Causal objects, which are products of human mind, obviously
possess no gross forms. In gvda, all objects - whether living or nonliving; with gross forms or without - are treated alike for the sake of
uniformity or easier dealing, perhaps. In other words, gvdik Dvatas
are considered as living forms, or personifications of the quality (or
attributes) that each one possesses. A list of important Dvatas of
gvda follows.
1. Agni is energy (personified). Gross forms of Agni can be different
types of energy such as : heat, mechanical, electrical, chemical, atomic, geo-thermal, tidal, etc. The Sun, lightning, fire inside the earth or
outside, Jahargni (inside the stomach), and energy that maintains
the heart beat in all living creatures, and so on are some typical forms
of gross Agni. The soul of energy or the universal Source of energy
(or power) (personified) - Vaivnargni, Dadhikr, Ava, etc. - can
be thought of as spiritual Agni (Pratyka Brahman). (Possibly, the
very ancient sages might have mistaken this spiritual Agni for tma.
But soon they must have realised that Agni, as such, is manifested
form of matter only and a symbol of tma and not tma - the Birthless State).
2. Vyu :- is to be considered as personified air in the atmospere, which
is one of the five Basic Elements. Air appears as Paca Pras within
bodies of living creatures. Moving air is wind or Maruts. The soul of
air is also considered as Pratyka Brahman. The source of all Basic
Elements is tma and the cause of their appearance is ignorance of
118
Treatise on gvda
IT.
3. Indra :- is conceived of as Universal Manifested Self (or Jvtma)
His two horses represent rays of spiritual Light of tma. They are
supposed to bestow existance (Sat) on objects made of Matter - gross
or subtle - and consciousness (Cit) on all living organisms.
4. Mitra-Varua :- These two are thought of as two entities Lording
over the Universe during the day and night respectively. This may
imply that Mitra could be the soul of the Sun and Varua that of the
objects appearing in the night. Varua is considered to be the Lord
of oceans.
5. Avins :- They are said to be twin. In the gross form they can be the
Space and earth, the Sun and Moon, etc. In the subtle form, they are
conceived of as divine physicians, Indra-Viu, Nara-Naryaa and
so on. Spiritually, Avins could be Jvtma-Paramtma conbination,
which is supposed to move from one body of a living being to another carried by drops of spiritual Sma, flowing essence of tma.
6. Vivdvs :- are supposed to be imaginary divine entities who
are responsible for the manifestation of certain aspects of Nature
(Prakti); or they are presiding deities of certain and natural phenomena. They are supposed to be thirty three in number - tweleve
ditys (corresponding to twelve months, perhaps), eleven Rudrs,
eight Vass, etc.
7. Sarasvati :- is known to be presiding deity of learning or knowledge
of all kinds - objective as well as subjective.
8. Brahmaaspati :- may be thought of as Lord of Self-Knowledge
(tmajna).
9. Sma :- is basically a pleasure-giving essence. Juice of Sma creeper, water in the cloud and Moon are examples of physical (or gross)
Sma. Vdik hymns are subtle Sma. Flowing essence of tma (discussed in detail in introduction to Madala 9 of the Treatise on
gVda) is to be considered as spiritual Sma.
10. Sadasaspati :- is the presiding deity of the Assembly (or sacrifice)
with particular reference to the Creation of the Universe.
11. Ribhs :- are probably wise scients, architects, engineers, etc of the
Vdik period; who, by their deeds, became identified with Indra (or
Treatise on gvda
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
119
their own Jvtms). Possibly, they might have been behind the concept of Indra as Universal Jvtma.
Savita :- is associated with the Sun; or He could be considered as
the Soul of the Sun (which symbolises the Universal Jvtma), or
tma.
Dvs of Shining Beings :- in physical terms can be taken as protective powers attributed to them (or those of enlightened sages)
Dyav-prithiv :- are the Space and earth.
Viu :- meaning thereby the all-pervading One, who could be the
Manifested Self or Purua (the seed of the Universe discussed in
detail in Skta 10.90). He is symbol of tma.
pa :- is personified waters (in the atmosphere or on the earth).
This word is usually in plural number.
P :- means the nourisher; in the gross sense, the Sun represents
P. The soul of the Sun could then be spiritual P.
Prajpati :- could mean Lord of all born beings (or Purua effectively).
Aryama :- is supposed to be Dispenser of justice.
Bhaga :- is usually taken as Lord of prosperity
Yaja :- In the broadest sense, all actions of living beings can be
considered as its sacrificial oblations to its Witnessing Self; or its
sacrifice to Paramtma present in its body. To be more specific, a
sacrifice performed by physical body with gross oblations is to be
termed as gross sacrifice. A knowledge-sacrifice such as : teaching,
seminar, discussion, conference, etc; is to be considered as a subtle
form of sacrifice. A spiritual sacrifice is one in which the performer
offers his soul (ego) as oblation. (Protagonists of gross sacrifices
may not agree with this point of view).
U :- Usually means physical dawn. Dawning of spiritual knowledge could be considered as U (spiritual)(Jndaya).
Maruts :- They are said to be sons of Rudra; seven Gas totalling 49
(7 x 7). Physically Maruts stands for winds and wind is moving air
(see 2. Vyu).
Rudra :- means terrible, terrific, roaring, driving away evil, or one
120
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
Treatise on gvda
who makes men weep, etc. This word is an epithet of Siva - Lord of
destruction. Rudras are considered to be elevn in number.
Srya (masculine) :- is one of the names of Sun (personified).
Vaivnargni :- One form of Agni (see 1. Agni)
Jahargni :- is a form of energy present in the stomach of every
living being; and it is released by slow combustion of food matter
within its stomach. This is the energy that keeps the living being
alive and active.
Ava :- usually means horse, which symbolises power and speed. In
few sktas in gvda, 'Ava' may mean Agni (spiritual, perhaps).
Annam :- basically means food of all kinds.
Ta :- could be grass; or any herb or plant.
Bhaspat :- is the great master of Vdik knowledge; or Lord of
prayer (or devtion). He is said to be son of sage Agiras.
Aditi :- can be thought of as Prakti (or Mother Nature).
ditys :- are sons of Aditi, which means that they are personifications of diverse phenomena occuring in Nature.
Apmnapt :- is one which does not allow water to fall down. It may
mean latent heat of vapourisation of water - a form of Agni.
Dravid :- means giver of gift.
Nadya (plural) :- could be flowing streams (in generaly, rivers). In
the spiritual sense, they correspond to spiritual Sma streams.
Dadhikr :- is considered as personified morning Sun. He is assumed
to be a horse, which is a source of power (Universal). The 'power'
could be physical or spiritual.
Ktrapati :- Lord or master of the temple, which can be the body
(the heart in particualar) of a living being. He can be Paramtma (or
Jvtma) and can be called Universal Impeller.
una :- a plough (personified).
unasrau :- probably personifications of share and plough.
Ghrita :- means ghee, a Sma essence like water, fertilizing rain.
Parjjanya :- generally means rain-bearing cloud, or cloud, or rain.
Dna :- is gift and Daki may mean donation.
Vasiha :- is one who is the most excellent sage.
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121
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123
Appendix - III
7. Sktam Classification
Introduction
gvda is known to be a depository of four kinds of knowledge.
I. Gross observed world
II. Subtle perceived world
III. Causal world of Sma
IV. tmajna - Self Realisation.
Hence gvdik sktas can be classified under these heads as
follows. (This classification is purely based on the perception of the
scribe of the Treatise and is not be treated as absolute).
Madala 1
Dvata (Subject matter)
Low
Medium
High
Importance
Cursory
Minor
Category
Major
Treatise on gvda
Skta
Number
122
1.1
I, II
1.2
I, II
1.3
I, II
1.4
I, II
III
Indra
1.5
I, II
III
Indra
1.6
I, II
III
Indra, Maruts
1.7
I, II
1.8
I, II
III
Indra
1.9
I, II
III
Indra
1.10
I, II
III
Indra
1.11
I, II
1.12
I, II
Agni
III
III
III
Avins, Indra
Indra
Indra
Agni
Treatise on gvda
Treatise on gvda
Medium
Importance
Cursory
Minor
Category
Major
Skta
Number
Medium
High
125
Madala 1
Importance
Cursory
Minor
Category
Major
Skta
Number
Madala 1
High
124
1.13
I, II
III
Agni, Tannapat,
Naramsa, etc.
1.32
I, II
III
Indra
1.33
I, II
III
Indra
1.14
I, II
III
Vivdvs
1.34
I, II
1.15
I, II
III
1.35
I, II
1.16
I, II
III
Indra
1.36
I, II
1.17
I, II
Indra, Varua
1.37
I, II
1.18
I, II
Brahmaaspati, Indra,
Sma, Daki, etc.
1.38
I, II
1.19
I, II
Agni, Maruts
1.39
I, II
1.20
I, II
1.40
II
1.21
I, II
1.41
I, II
1.22
I, II
1.42
I, II
Pa
1.23
1.43
I, II
1.44
I, II
1.45
I, II
III
III
Ribhs
III
III
III
Agni, Ypa
III
Maruts
Maruts
III
Indra, Agni
III
IV
I, II
III
IV
1.24
I, II
III
IV
1.25
I, II
Varua
1.46
I, II
III
1.26
I, II
Agni
1.47
I, II
III
1.27
I, II
Agni, Dvs
1.48
I, II
1.28
I, II
1.49
I, II
1.50
I, II
IV
Indra
1.51
I, II
III
III
III
Avins
IV
III
Brahmaaspati
Agni, Dvs
IV
Avins
Avins
III
U
U
Srya
1.29
I, II
1.30
I, II
III
Indra, Avins, U
1.52
I, II
III
Indra
1.31
I, II
III
Agni
1.53
I, II
III
Indra
IV
Indra
Treatise on gvda
Treatise on gvda
Medium
Importance
Cursory
Minor
Category
Major
Skta
Number
Medium
High
127
Madala 1
Importance
Cursory
Minor
Category
Major
Skta
Number
Madala 1
High
126
1.54
I, II
III
Indra
1.78
I, II
1.55
I, II
III
Indra
1.79
I, II
1.56
I, II
Indra
1.80
I, II
1.57
I, II
Indra
1.81
I, II
1.58
I, II
Agni
1.82
I, II
1.59
I, II
Vaivnargni, Agni
1.83
I, II
1.60
I, II
Agni
1.84
I, II
III
Indra
1.61
I, II
III
Indra
1.85
I, II
III
Maruts
1.62
I, II
III
Indra
1.86
I, II
Maruts
1.63
I, II
III
Indra
1.87
I, II
Maruts
1.64
I, II
Maruts
1.88
I, II
Maruts
1.65
I, II
Agni
1.89
I, II
1.66
I, II
Agni
1.90
I, II
1.67
I, II
Agni
1.91
1.68
I, II
II,
III
1.69
I, II
III
Agni
1.92
I, II
1.70
I, II
III
Agni
1.93
I, II
1.71
I, II
III
IV
Agni
1.94
I, II
Agni
1.72
III
II
IV
Agni
1.95
I, II
Agni, U
1.73
I, II
III
Agni
1.96
I, II
1.74
I, II
Agni
1.97
I, II
1.75
I, II
Agni
1.98
Vaivnargni
1.76
I, II
Agni
II,
III
1.77
I, II
1.99
III
Jatavdasgni
1.100
II
III
III
III
III
IV
III
Agni
Agni
Agni
III
Vaidyutgni, Agni
Indra
III
Indra
Indra
III
III
IV
Indra
IV
Sma
U, Avins
III
III
III
Agni, Sma
Dvinds, Agni
Indra
Treatise on gvda
Treatise on gvda
Importance
Dvata (Subject matter)
III
Indra
1.124
I, II
I, II
III
Indra
1.125
I, II
III
Dnastuti
1.104
I, II
III
Indra
1.126
I, II
III
1.105
I, II
III
Svanaya-Bhvayavya,
Rmaa
1.106
I, II
Vivdvs
1.127
I, II
III
Agni
1.107
I, II
Vivdvs
1.128
I, II
III
Agni
1.108
I, II
III
Indra, Agni
1.129
I, II
III
Indra, Indu
1.109
I, II
III
Indra, Agni
1.130
I, II
III
1.110
I, II
III
Ribhs
1.131
1.111
I, II
III
Ribhs
II,
III
1.112
I, II
III
1.132
II,
III
1.113
I, II
III
U, Rtri
1.133
I, II
III
1.114
I, II
Rudra
1.134
II
1.115
I, II
Srya
1.135
I, II
III
1.116
III,
II
IV
Avins
1.136
I, II
1.117
III,
II
Avins
1.137
I, II
III
Mitra, Varua
1.138
1.118
III,
II
Avins
II,
III
1.139
II
1.119
II
III
Avins
1.120
I, II
III
Avins
1.140
I, II
1.121
I, II
III
Vivdvs, Indra
1.141
I, II
1.122
I, II
III
Vivdvs
1.142
I, II
1.102
I, II
1.103
IV
Low
III
High
I, II
I, II
Low
1.123
1.101
High
Indra
Major
Minor
Cursory
Category
Major
Skta
Number
Medium
129
Madala 1
Importance
Cursory
Category
Minor
Skta
Number
Madala 1
Medium
128
U
U
Vivdvs
IV
Indra
Indra
Indra, Parvata
Indra
III
Vyu
Vyu, Indra
Mitra, Varua, Ligkt
II
III
Agni
pr, Skta
Treatise on gvda
Treatise on gvda
Medium
Importance
Cursory
Minor
Category
Major
Skta
Number
Medium
High
Importance
Cursory
Minor
Major
Skta
Number
Category
131
Madala 1
Madala 1
High
130
1.143
I, II
Agni
1.166
I, II
1.144
I, II
Agni
1.167
1.145
II
III
Agni
1.168
I, II
1.146
I, II
III
Agni
1.169
II
III
1.147
II
III
Agni
1.170
II
1.148
II
III
Agni
1.171
II
1.149
I, II
III
Agni
1.172
II
Marut
1.150
III
Agni
1.173
II
1.151
I, II
Mitra, Varua
1.174
I, II
III
Indra
1.152
II
III
Mitra, Varua
1.175
I, II
III
Indra
1.153
II
III
Mitra, Varua
1.176
Indra
1.154
II,
III
II,
III
1.177
II,
III
Indra
1.178
II,
III
Indra
1.179
1.180
II
III
Avins
1.181
I, II
III
Avins
1.182
I, II
III
Avins
1.183
I, II
III
Avins
1.184
II
III
Avins
1.185
II
III
Dyvpthiv
1.186
I, II
III
1.187
IV
IV
Viu
1.155
II
III
IV
Viu, Indra
1.156
II
III
IV
Viu
1.157
II
III
Avins
1.158
II
III
Avins
1.159
II
1.160
II
1.161
II
III
Ribhs
1.162
I, II
III
IV
Avins
1.163
I, II
III
IV
Avins
1.164
I, II
III
IV
1.165
II
III
Marutvn, Indra
III
Dyvpthiv
Dyvpthiv
Maruts
II
IV
Indra, Maruts
Maruts
Indra
III
III
Indra
Indra
Rati
Vivdvs
Annam
Treatise on gvda
Treatise on gvda
I, II
III
Agni
2.17
I, II
III
IV
Indra
II
Bhaspati
2.18
II
III
IV
Indra
2.19
I, II
III
Indra
2.20
I, II
III
Indra
2.21
I, II
III
Indra
2.22
II,
III
Indra
2.23
II,
III
Brahmaaspati, Bhaspati
2.24
III
II
Brahmaaspati, Indra
2.25
III
II
Brahmaaspati,
2.26
III
II
Brahmaaspati,
2.27
II
III
ditys
2.28
II
III
Varua, Dussvapnanin
2.29
II
2.30
I, II
Agni
III
2.31
I, II
Vivdvs
Agni
2.32
I, II
Dyvpthiv, Indra, Rk
etc.
III
Medium
High
Importance
Cursory
Minor
Major
Category
Low
2.16
Madala 2
Skta
Number
Agni
High
1.191
Cursory
1.190
Importance
Minor
II
Category
Major
Skta
Number
1.189
III
Medium
I, II
High
1.188
133
Madala 2
Importance
Cursory
Minor
Category
Major
Skta
Number
Madala 1
Medium
132
Indra
2.1
I, II
III
Agni
2.2
I, II
III
Agni
2.3
I, II
III
prskta
2.4
I, II
III
Agni
2.5
I, II
2.6
I, II
2.7
I, II
2.8
I, II
2.9
I, II
2.10
I, II
2.11
I, II
III
IV
Indra
2.12
I, II
III
IV
Indra
2.33
I, II
III
Rudra
2.13
I, II
III
IV
Indra
2.34
I, II
III
Maruts
2.14
I, II
III
Indra
2.35
2.15
I, II
III
Indra
2.36
I, II
Agni
III
Agni
Agni
III
IV
Agni
Vivdvs
III
II
Apmnapt
III
Treatise on gvda
Treatise on gvda
2.39
I, II
2.40
I, II
2.41
I, II
2.42
2.43
Savita
3.13
I, II
III
Avins
3.14
I, II
III
Agni
III
3.15
I, II
III
Agni
3.16
I, II
III
Agni
3.17
I, II
III
Agni
III
Kapijalarp Indra
3.18
I, II
III
Agni
III
Indra (akuna)
3.19
I, II
Madala 3
3.20
I, II
Vivdvs, Agni
Importance
3.21
I, II
Agni
3.22
I, II
3.23
I, II
Medium
Cursory
Minor
High
III
Indra, Agni
Agni
III
III
III
Agni
Purys, Agnaya
Agni, tus
3.24
I, II
III
Agni
Agni
3.25
I, II
III
Agni, tus
Agni
3.26
I, II
III
IV
Agni
Vaivnargni
III
3.27
I, II
III
IV
Agni, tvija
prsktata
III
3.28
I, II
Agni
3.29
I, II
III
Agni
3.30
I, II
III
Indra
Agni
3.31
I, II
III
3.32
I, II
III
3.33
I, II
3.34
III
II
Indra
3.35
III,
II
IV
Indra
3.1
I, II
III
3.2
I, II
3.3
I, II
3.4
I, II
3.5
I, II
3.6
I, II
III
3.7
I, II
III
IV
3.8
II
III
3.9
I, II
3.10
I, II
3.11
I, II
III
Agni, kaypa
III
III
Low
III
High
I, II
Low
3.12
High
Category
Major
Cursory
I, II
Importance
Minor
2.38
Category
Major
IV
Skta
Number
III
Medium
Cursory
I, II
Skta
Number
2.37
135
Madala 3
Importance
Minor
Category
Major
Skta
Number
Madala 2
Medium
134
Agni
Agni
Indra
IV
Indra
Indra
Indra
Treatise on gvda
Treatise on gvda
IV
Indra
3.39
III
IV
II
Indra
3.40
III
II, I
3.41
III
II,
IV
3.42
III
II, I
Indra
3.43
I, II
III
Indra
3.44
II,
III
IV
Indra
3.45
II,
III
IV
Indra
3.46
II,
III
3.53
III
II
3.54
I, II
III
IV
Vivdvs
3.55
IV
III
II, I
Vivdvs
3.56
IV,
III
II
Vivdvs
3.57
II
III
Vivdvs
3.58
III
II
3.59
II
3.60
I, II
3.61
I, II
3.62
I, II
Indra
I
Indra
Indra
Mitra
III
bhus, Indra
U
III
IV
II,
III
Indra
3.49
II,
III
Indra
3.50
III,
II
Indra
3.51
II,
III
Indra
Cursory
3.48
Importance
Minor
Indra
Category
Major
Madala 4
Skta
Number
II,
III
Avins
Indra
3.47
Low
III,
II
4.1
I, II
III
IV
Agni, Varua
4.2
I, II
III
IV
Agni
4.3
I, II
III
IV
Agni, Rudra
4.4
I, II
III
4.5
III
II
4.6
I, II
III
Low
3.38
Medium
Indra
II
Medium
III
3.52
High
I, II
Cursory
3.37
Importance
Minor
Indra
Category
Major
Low
II,
III
High
3.36
Skta
Number
Minor
Medium
Importance
Cursory
Category
137
Madala 3
Major
Skta
Number
Madala 3
High
136
Rakhgni
IV
Vaivnargni
Agni
Treatise on gvda
Treatise on gvda
III,
II
IV
III
4.9
I, II
III
Agni
4.27
III,
II
IV
yna, Indra
4.10
I, II
III
Agni
4.11
I, II
III
Agni
4.28
III,
II
IV
Indra, Sma
4.12
I, II
III
Agni
4.13
III
Agni
4.29
II,
III
4.14
III
Agni
4.30
II
III
4.15
I, II
III
4.31
I, II
III
Indra
4.16
I, II
III
IV
4.32
I, II
III
Indra, Indrvau
Indra
4.17
I, II
III
IV
4.33
II, I
III
Indra
4.18
III
II
4.34
II, I
III
Vmadva, Indra
4.19
I, II
III
IV
4.35
II, I
III
IV
bhus
Indra
4.20
III
IV
II I
4.36
II,
III
IV
bhus
Indra
4.21
II,
III
IV
Indra
4.37
II,
III
IV
bhus
4.22
II,
III
IV
Indra
4.38
I, II
III
Dyvpdhv, Dadhikr
4.23
III,
II
IV
4.39
I, II
III
Dadhikr
Indra, tadvat
4.40
I, II
III
Dadhikr, Srya
4.24
III,
II
Indra
4.41
I, II
III
Indra, Varua
4.42
I, II
III
4.25
III,
II
Indra
4.43
II, I
III
Avins
4.44
III
II, I
Avins
Agni
Low
4.26
Agni
High
I, II
Cursory
4.8
Importance
Minor
IV
Category
Major
III
Low
I, II
High
4.7
Skta
Number
Cursory
Medium
Importance
Minor
Category
139
Madala 4
Major
Skta
Number
Madala 4
Medium
138
Indra
IV
IV
Indra, U
bhus
bhus
Treatise on gvda
Treatise on gvda
5.6
I, II
III
Agni
III
Vyu, Indra
5.7
I, II
III
Agni
III
Vyu, Indra
5.8
I, II
III
Vyu
5.9
4.49
I, II
III
Indra, Bhaspati
4.50
I, II
III
4.51
II
4.52
4.53
Low
I, II
Avins
High
4.48
Cursory
I, II
Importance
Minor
4.47
Category
Major
I, II
Skta
Number
4.46
II
Medium
III
High
4.45
141
Madala 5
Importance
Cursory
Minor
Category
Major
Skta
Number
Madala 4
Medium
140
III
Agni
5.10
I, II
III
Agni
Bhaspati, Indra
5.11
I, II
IV
Agni
III
5.12
I, II
III
Agni
II
III
5.13
I, II
III
Agni
III
II
Savita
5.14
I, II
4.54
III
II
Savita
5.15
I, II
III
Agni
4.55
I, II
III
Vivdvs
5.16
I, II
IV
Agni
4.56
I, II
III
Dyvpathiv
5.17
I, II
III
Agni
4.57
I, II
III
IV
5.18
I, II
IV
Agni
5.19
I, II
IV
Agni
4.58
I, II
III
5.20
I, II
III
Agni
Madala 5
5.21
I, II
III
Importance
5.22
I, II
5.23
I, II
5.24
I, II
Cursory
Minor
Major
Category
Medium
I, II
High
Agni
Skta
Number
IV
Agni
IV
Agni
Agni
III
Agni
Agni
5.25
I, II
Agni, Varua
III
5.26
I, II
Agni
IV
5.27
I, II
III
Agni, Indra
Agni
I, II
III
5.28
I, II
III
Agni
Agni
I, II
III
5.29
I, II
III
Indra
prsktam
5.1
I, II
5.2
I, II
5.3
I, II
5.4
5.5
III
III
Agni
III
Agni
Treatise on gvda
Treatise on gvda
IV
Indra, acaya
5.31
III,
II
IV
5.32
II, I
III
5.33
III,
II
IV
Indra
5.34
III,
II
IV
Indra
5.35
I, II
III
5.36
II,
III
5.37
I, II
III
5.38
I, II
5.39
Cursory
Importance
Dvata (Subject matter)
5.49
I, II
III
5.50
I, II
III
Vivdvs
5.51
I, II
III
Vivdvs
5.52
II, I
5.53
I, II
5.54
I, II
5.55
I, II
Indra
5.56
I, II
Maruts
Indra
5.57
I, II
Maruts
5.58
I, II
Maruts
Indra
5.59
I, II
Maruts
III
Indra
5.60
I, II
II,
III
Indra
5.61
I, II
5.40
III,
II
IV
5.62
I, II
IV
Mitra, Varua
5.41
II, I
III
IV
5.63
I, II
IV
Mitra, Varua
Vivdvs
5.42
II, I
III
IV
5.64
I, II
IV
Mitra, Varua
Vivdvs, Rudra
5.43
II, I
III
IV
5.65
I, II
Vivdvs
5.44
II,
III
IV
5.66
I, II
IV
Mitra, Varua
Vivdvs
5.67
I, II
IV
Mitra, Varua
5.45
I, II
III
IV
Vivdvs
5.68
I, II
IV
Mitra, Varua
5.46
I, II
5.69
I, II
Mitra, Varua
5.47
I, II
5.70
I, II
Mitra, Varua
Indra
IV
Vivdvs, Dvapatns
III
Vivdvs
Low
III
High
I, II
Low
5.48
High
Minor
III,
II
Category
Major
5.30
Skta
Number
Cursory
Medium
Importance
Minor
Category
143
Madala 5
Major
Skta
Number
Madala 5
Medium
142
Vivdvs
IV
IV
III
Vivdvs
Maruts
Maruts
IV
III
Maruts
Maruts
III
Maruts, ayas,
Purumla, etc.
Mitra, Varua
Treatise on gvda
Treatise on gvda
Medium
Importance
Cursory
Minor
Category
Major
Skta
Number
Medium
High
145
Madala 6
Importance
Cursory
Minor
Category
Major
Skta
Number
Madala 5
High
144
5.71
I, II
Mitra, Varua
6.3
I, II
5.72
I, II
Mitra, Varua
6.4
I, II
5.73
I, II
III
Avins
6.5
I, II
IV
Agni
5.74
I, II
III
Avins
6.6
I, II
IV
Agni
5.75
I, II
III
Avins
6.7
I, II
III
5.76
I, II
III
Avins
6.8
I, II
III
5.77
I, II
Avins
6.9
I, II
IV
5.78
I, II
III
IV
Avins
6.10
I, II
Agni
5.79
I, II
III
IV
6.11
I, II
Agni
5.80
I, II
III
IV
6.12
I, II
Agni
5.81
III
II, I
Savita
6.13
I, II
5.82
I, II
IV
Savita
6.14
I, II
III
Agni
5.83
I, II
Prajanya
6.15
I, II
III
Agni
5.84
I, II
Pthiv
6.16
I, II
III
Agni
5.85
I, II
III
Varua
6.17
I, II
III
IV
Indra
5.86
I, II
III
Indra, Agni
6.18
I, II
III
IV
Indra
5.87
I, II
Maruts
6.19
I, II
III
IV
Indra
6.20
I, II
IV
Indra
6.21
I, II
III
IV
Indra, Vivdvs
6.22
I, II
III
IV
Indra
6.23
I, II
III
Indra
6.24
I, II
III
Indra
Agni
6.25
I, II
III
Indra
Agni
6.26
I, II
III
IV
IV
II, I
IV
III
IV
6.2
I, II
I, II
Medium
6.1
High
Cursory
Importance
Minor
Category
Major
Skta
Number
Madala 6
Agni
III
Agni
Vaivnargni
IV
Vaivnargni
Vaivnargni
IV
IV
Agni
Indra
Treatise on gvda
Treatise on gvda
IV
Indra, Dna
6.50
I, II
III
IV
Vivdvs
6.28
III
II
IV
Gva (Indra)
6.51
I, II
III
IV
Vivdvs
6.29
III
II, I
Indra
6.52
I, II
III
IV
Vivdvs
6.30
III
I, II
Indra
6.53
II, I
IV
6.31
I, II
Indra
6.54
II, I
6.32
I, II
III
Indra
6.55
II, I
IV
6.33
I, II
III
Indra
6.56
II, I
IV
6.34
I, II
III
Indra
6.57
6.35
I, II
III
Indra
II,
III
6.36
I, II
III
Indra
6.58
II, I
6.37
I, II
III
Indra
6.59
I, II
III
6.38
I, II
III
Indra
6.60
I, II
III
6.39
I, II
III
Indra
6.61
II, I
Sarasvati
6.40
I, II
III
Indra
6.62
Avins
6.41
I, II
III
Indra
III,
II
6.42
I, II
III
Indra
6.63
6.43
I, II
III
III,
II
Indra
6.44
I, II
III
6.64
I, II
Indra
6.45
I, II
III
6.65
I, II
Indra, Bbustak
6.46
I, II
III
IV
6.66
Indra
6.47
II, I
III
IV
6.67
II, I
6.68
II, I
III
6.48
I, II
III
IV
6.69
I, II
III
6.70
I, II
6.49
I, II
III
Vivdvs
6.71
III,
II
IV
IV
IV
IV
Indra, P
IV
IV
Low
II
High
Cursory
III
Low
6.27
High
Minor
Major
Skta
Number
Importance
Cursory
Category
Minor
Medium
Importance
Major
Skta
Number
Category
147
Madala 6
Madala 6
Medium
146
P
Indra-Agni
IV
Indra-Agni
Avins
U
IV
U
Maruts
IV
Mitra-Varua
IV
Indra-Varua
Indra-Varua
Dyvpthiv
IV
Savita
Treatise on gvda
Treatise on gvda
III,
II
6.73
II
III
6.74
II
6.75
II
Indra-Sma
Medium
Importance
Cursory
Minor
Major
Skta
Number
Low
Medium
High
Category
7.1 5
I, II
IV
Agni
IV
Agni
I, II
7.17
I, II
III
Sma-Rudra
7.18
I, II
III
IV
Indra, Suds
III,
IV
7.19
I, II
III
IV
Indra
7.20
I, II
III
IV
Indra
Madala 7
7.21
I, II
III
IV
Indra
Importance
7.22
I, II
III
Indra
7.23
I, II
III
Indra
7.24
I, II
III
7.25
I, II
Indra
7.26
I, II
Indra
7.27
I, II
III
IV
Indra
7.28
I, II
III
IV
Indra
7.29
I, II
7.30
I, II
III
7.31
I, II
III
7.32
I, II
III
IV
Indra
7.33
I, II
III
IV
Vasithputrs, or Indra,
Vasitha
7.34
I, II
Vivdvs, Ahi,
Ahirbudhnya
I, II
III
IV
7.2
I, II
prskta
7.3
I, II
Agni
7.4
I, II
III
IV
Agni
7.5
I, II
III
IV
Vaivnargni
7.6
I, II
III
IV
Vaivnargni
7.7
I, II
III
IV
Agni
7.8
I, II
7.9
I, II
7.10
I, II
Agni
7.11
I, II
Agni
7.12
I, II
Agni
7.35
I, II
Vivdvs
7.13
I, II
Agni
7.36
I, II
Vivdvs
7.1 4
I, II
Agni
7.37
I, II
Low
7.1
High
Cursory
Agni
Minor
Category
Medium
7.16
Bhaspati
Major
Skta
Number
6.72
149
Madala 7
Importance
Cursory
Minor
Category
Major
Skta
Number
Madala 6
High
148
Agni
Agni
III
III
IV
Agni
IV
Indra
Indra
III
IV
Indra
Indra
Vivdvs
Treatise on gvda
Treatise on gvda
III
I, II
IV
Vivdvs
7.63
I, II
7.40
I, II
IV
Vivdvs
7.64
I, II
IV
Mitra-Varua
7.41
I, II
IV
Vivdvs, Bhaga, U
7.65
I, II
IV
Mitra-Varua
7.42
I, II
Vivdvs
7.66
I, II
IV
7.43
I, II
Vivdvs
Mitra-Varua, ditys,
Srya
7.44
I, II
Vivdvs, Dadhikar
7.67
I, II
III
Avins
7.45
I, II
Savita
7.68
I, II
III
Avins
7.46
I, II
Rudra
7.69
I, II
III
Avins
7.47
I, II
pa
7.70
I, II
III
IV
Avins
7.48
I, II
bhus, Vivdvs
7.71
I, II
III
IV
Avins
7.49
I, II
pa
7.72
I, II
III
7.50
I, II
7.73
I, II
7.74
I, II
ditys
7.75
ditys
7.39
Low
I, II
High
7.62
Low
Savita, Vjina
I, II
High
IV
Major
III
7.38
Cursory
Importance
Minor
Category
Major
Medium
Importance
Skta
Number
Madala 7
Cursory
Category
151
Minor
Skta
Number
Madala 7
Medium
150
Srya, Mitra-Varua
Srya, Mitra-Varua
Avins
III
Avins
III
IV
Avins
I, II
III
IV
7.76
I, II
III
IV
Dyvpthiv
7.77
I, II
III
IV
Vstpati
7.78
I, II
IV
IV
Vstpati, Indra
7.79
I, II
IV
Maruts
7.80
I, II
Maruts
7.81
I, II
III
Maruts
7.82
I, II
III
IV
Indra-Varua
Maruts, Rudras
7.83
I, II
III
IV
Indra-Varua
7.51
I, II
7.52
I, II
7.53
I, II
7.54
I, II
7.55
I, II
7.56
I, II
7.57
I, II
7.58
I, II
7.59
I, II
7.60
I, II
IV
Srya, Mitra-Varua
7.84
I, II
III
IV
Indra-Varua
7.61
I, II
IV
Mitra-Varua
7.85
I, II
III
IV
Indra-Varua
IV
III
IV
III
III
Treatise on gvda
Treatise on gvda
Importance
IV
Varua
8.1
I, II
III
IV
Indra, saga
7.87
I, II
III
IV
Varua
8.2
I, II
III
IV
Indra, Vibhindu
7.88
I, II
III
Varua
8.3
I, II
III
IV
Indra, Pkasthm
7.89
II,
III
Varua
8.4
I, II
III
IV
8.5
I, II
III
IV
7.90
I, II
Vy, Indra-Vyu
8.6
I, II
III
IV
7.91
I, II
Vy, Indra-Vyu
Indra, Tirindira,
Praavya
7.92
I, II
Vy, Indra-Vyu
8.7
I, II
III
IV
Maruts
7.93
I, II
Indra-Agni
8.8
I, II
III
IV
Avins
7.94
I, II
Indra-Agni
8.9
I, II
III
IV
Avins
7.95
I, II
III
Sarasvati, Sarasvn
8.10
I, II
III
7.96
I, II
III
Sarasvati, Sarasvn
8.11
I, II
7.97
I, II
III
Indra, Bhaspati,
Brahamaaspati
8.12
I, II
III
IV
IV
Low
III
High
Cursory
II
Low
7.86
High
Minor
Major
Category
Cursory
Medium
Importance
Skta
Number
Madala 8
Minor
Category
153
Major
Skta
Number
Madala 7
Medium
152
Avins
III,
IV
Agni
III
IV
Indra
7.98
I, II
III
Indra, Bhaspati
8.13
I, II
III
IV
Indra
7.99
I, II
III
Viu, Indra
8.14
I, II
III
IV
Indra
7.100
I, II
III
Viu
8.15
I, II
III
IV
Indra
7.101
I, II
III
Parjanya
8.16
I, II
7.102
I, II
III
Parjanya
8.17
I, II
III
IV
Indra
7.103
I, II
III
Madks
8.18
I, II
III
IV
7.104
I, II
III
8.19
I, II
III
IV
8.20
I, II
8.21
I, II
III
IV
Indra, Citra
8.22
I, II
III
IV
Avins
Indra
Maruts
Treatise on gvda
Treatise on gvda
IV
Agni
8.24
I, II
III
IV
Indra, Varu
8.25
I, II
III
IV
Mitra-Varua, Vivdvs
8.26
I, II
III
IV
Avins, Vyu
8.27
I, II
III
IV
Vivdvs
8.28
I, II
8.29
I, II
8.30
I, II
8.31
I, II
III
IV
8.32
I, II
III
IV
8.33
I, II
III
8.34
I, II
III
8.35
Cursory
III
Importance
Dvata (Subject matter)
III,
IV
Agni
8.45
II
III,
IV
Agni-Indra, Indra
8.46
I, II
IV
III
8.47
I, II
III
IV
ditys, U
8.48
I, II
III
IV
Sma
8.49
II
III
Agni
8.50
I, II
III
IV
Indra
8.51
I, II
III
Indra
Indra
8.52
I, II
III
IV
Indra, Dvs
IV
Indra
8.53
I, II
III
IV
Indra
8.54
I, II
III
IV
Indra
I, II
Avins
8.55
I, II
III
IV
Indra
8.36
I, II
Indra
8.56
I, II
III
IV
ditys
8.37
I, II
Indra
8.57
I, II
III
IV
Indra, ksvamdhau
8.38
I, II
Indra-Agni
8.58
I, II
III
IV
8.39
I, II
III
Agni
8.59
I, II
III
IV
Indra
8.40
I, II
III
Indra-Agni
8.60
I, II
III
IV
Agni
8.41
I, II III,
IV
Varua
8.61
I, II
III
IV
Agni
8.62
I, II
III
IV
Avins
8.63
I, II
III
8.64
II
8.65
II
8.66
II
Vivdvs
III
IV
Vivdvs
Vivdvs
8.42
II
III,
IV
Varua, Avins
8.43
II
III,
IV
Agni
Low
II
High
Low
8.44
High
Minor
I, II
Category
Major
8.23
Skta
Number
Cursory
Medium
Importance
Minor
Category
155
Madala 8
Major
Skta
Number
Madala 8
Medium
154
Indra
Agni
Indra
III
Indra
Treatise on gvda
Treatise on gvda
Sma
8.92
II
Agni, Maruts
II
III
Indra, Dvs
II
III
Indra
8.71
II
III
Indra
8.72
II
III
Vivdvs
8.73
II
III
Agni
8.74
II
III
Avins
8.75
II
8.76
II
III
Avins
8.77
II
III
Indra
8.78
II
III
Indra
8.79
II
III
Indra
8.80
II
III
Indra
8.81
II
III
Indra
8.82
II
III
Indra, bhs
8.83
II
8.84
II
III
Indra
8.85
II
III
8.86
II
III
Indra
8.87
II
III
Indra
8.88
II
8.89
I, II
II
8.90
II
Maruts
Indra
IV
Madala 9
II
Medium
III
High
Cursory
Importance
Minor
9.1 to
9.114
Category
Importance
Dvata (Subject matter)
Low
High
Category
Medium
Madala 10
Cursory
Avins
Low
III
High
Minor
Agni
Minor
8.70
Cursory
Major
II
Major
Major
8.69
Skta
Number
II
Importance
8.91
Skta
Number
Category
Indra
Skta
Number
8.68
II
Medium
High
8.67
157
Madala 8
Importance
Cursory
Minor
Category
Major
Skta
Number
Madala 8
Medium
156
10.1
I, II
Agni
10.2
I, II
Agni
10.3
I, II
Agni
10.4
I, II
Agni
10.5
I, II
III
Agni
10.6
I, II
III
Agni
10.7
I, II
III
Agni
10.8
I, II
III
Agni, Indra
10.9
I, II
pa
10.10
III,
IV
Yama, Yam
158
Treatise on gvda
Treatise on gvda
Madala 10
Medium
Agni
10.31
II, III
IV
10.12
I, II
III
Agni
10.32
II
III
10.13
III,
IV
Havirdhn
10.33
II
III
IV
10.14
III,
IV
10.34
10.35
I, II
III
IV
Vivdvs
10.15
II
III
Pitara
10.36
I, II
III
IV
Vivdvs
10.16
I, II
III
Agni
10.37
I, II
10.17
II
III
IV
Saray, P, Sarasvati,
pa, Sma
10.38
I, II
III
Indra
10.18
I, II
III
IV
10.39
I, II
III
Avins
10.40
I, II
III
10.19
II
III
IV
10.41
II
10.42
I, II
III
Indra
IV
Low
III
High
I, II
Low
10.11
High
Minor
Cursory
Importance
Major
Skta
Number
Medium
Category
Minor
Cursory
Importance
Major
Skta
Number
Madala 10
Category
159
Vivdvs
Vivdvs
Vivdvs, Indra, Trasadasyu, etc.
Aka, Kitavan, Krisi
Srya
IV
Avins
Avins
10.20
I, II
III
Agni
10.43
I, II
III
Indra
10.21
I, II
III
Agni
10.44
I, II
III
Indra
10.22
II, III
Indra
10.45
I, II
III
IV
Agni
10.23
II, III
Indra
10.46
I, II
III
IV
Agni
10.24
II, III
Indra-Avins
10.47
II
III
IV
Indra (Vaikuha)
10.25
I, II
Pavamna, Sma
10.48
I, II
III
IV
Indra
10.26
II
10.49
I, II
III
IV
Indra
10.27
II, III
IV
Indra
10.50
II
10.28
I, II
III
Indra, Vasukra
10.51
I, II
10.29
II, III
Indra
10.52
I, II
III
Vivdvs
10.30
I, II
pa, Apmnapat
10.53
I, II
III
Agni, Dvs
10.54
II
III
III
III
IV
Indra
Agni, Dvs
IV
Indra
160
Treatise on gvda
Treatise on gvda
Medium
IV
Indra
10.76
I, II
10.56
I, II
III
IV
Vivdvs
10.77
I, II
10.57
I, III
10.78
I, II
10.58
I, II
Mana vartamna
10.79
I, II
10.59
I, II
III
IV
10.80
I, II
Agni
10.81
I, II
III
IV
III,
IV
Vivakarm
10.60
10.82
IV
10.61
II
III
IV
Vivdvs
10.83
II, IV
10.62
II
III
IV
Vivdvs, Agirasa,
Dna
10.84
III
IV
Manya
10.63
I, II
10.85
I, II
III
Sma, Sryvivha
10.86
II, III
10.64
II
III
Vivdvs
10.87
I, II
III
Rakhgni
10.65
II
III
Vivdvs
10.88
I, II
III
Srya, Vaivnargni
10.66
II, III
Vivdvs
10.89
I, II
III
Indra
10.67
II, III
IV
Bhaspati
10.90
Purua
10.68
II, III
IV
Bhaspati
III,
IV
10.69
II
10.91
I, II
Agni
10.70
I, II
prskta
10.92
I, II
III
IV
Vivdvs
10.71
IV
tmajna
10.93
I, II
III
IV
Vivdvs
10.72
II
III
10.94
I, II
III
10.73
I, II
III
10.95
II, III
10.74
I, II
III
10.96
I, II
10.75
I, II
III
10.97
I, II
Vivdvs, Pathy
Svasti
IV
Agni
IV
Dvs
Maruts (Indra)
IV
Maruts (Indra)
Nadies
III
IV
Grva
IV
Maruts
Low
III
High
Major
I, II
Low
10.55
High
Cursory
Cursory
Medium
Importance
Minor
Category
Minor
Importance
Skta
Number
Category
Madala 10
Major
Skta
Number
Madala 10
161
Maruts
III
III
Agni
II, I
Vivakarm
Manya
Indra
Grva
Urva, Purravas
III
Hari
adhya
162
Treatise on gvda
Treatise on gvda
Importance
I, II
III
Indra
10.122
I, II
Agni
I, II
III
Vivdvs
10.123
I, II
Vna
10.101
I, II
III
IV
10.124
I, II
III
10.102
II
III
IV
10.103
I, II
III
IV
Indra, Bhaspati,
Apvdvi, Maruts
10.125
II
III
10.126
I, II
Vivdvs
10.99
I, II
10.100
IV
Low
IV
III
High
Cursory
III
I, II
Low
10.121
10.98
High
Dvs
Major
Minor
Major
Category
Medium
Medium
Madala 10
Skta
Number
Importance
Cursory
Category
Minor
Skta
Number
Madala 10
163
Ka (Prajpati)
Agni, Agnrtm,
Varua, Sma, Indra
tm
10.104
I, II
III
Indra
10.127
I, II
Rtri
10.105
I, II
III
Indra
10.128
I, II
Vivdvs
10.106
I, II
III
Avins
10.129
IV
Bhvavtta
10.107
II
Daki
10.130
III
10.131
II
10.108
II, III
10.132
I, II
10.109
I, II
Dybhmayavina,
Mitra-Varua
10.110
I, II
prskta
10.133
I, II
Indra
10.111
I, II
III
Indra
10.134
I, II
Indra
10.112
I, II
III
Indra
10.135
II, III
Yama
10.113
I, II
III
IV
Indra
10.136
I, II
Kna
10.114
I, II
III
IV
Vivdvs
10.137
I, II
Vivdvs
10.115
I, II
III
Agni
10.138
I, II
III
Indra
10.116
I, II
III
Indra
10.139
I, II
III
Savita, tma
10.117
Dhannnadna
10.140
I, II
Agni
10.118
I, II
Rakhgni
10.141
I, II
Vivdvs
10.119
I, II
III
Indra
10.142
I, II
Agni
10.120
I, II
III
Indra
10.143
II, III
Avins
III,
IV
Sarame, Paaya
III
IV
Indra, Avins
Vivdvs
IV
Bhvavtta
Treatise on gvda
Treatise on gvda
I, II
10.148
10.147
Medium
Cursory
10.146
Importance
Minor
I, II
Category
Major
10.145
III
165
Madala 10
Skta
Number
Medium
I, II
High
10.144
Cursory
Importance
Minor
Category
Major
Skta
Number
Madala 10
High
164
Indra
10.166
II
Sapatnbdhana
10.167
I, II
III
Indra
10.168
III
Vyu
II, III
Indra
10.169
III
Gva
10.149
II, III
Savita
10.170
III
Sry
10.150
II
Agni
10.171
II, III
Indra
10.151
II
Sraddh
10.172
10.152
II
Indra
10.173
Rj
10.153
I, II
Indra
10.174
III
IV
Rj
10.154
Bhvavtta
10.175
III
Grva
10.155
I, II
10.176
II, III
Sapatnanana
Arayn
III
Alakamghna,
Bhmaaspati,
Vivdvs
10.177
IV
10.178
II
Agni
bhs, Agni
My (Bhda)
IV
Trkya
10.156
I, II
10.179
I, II
Indra
10.157
II
Vivdvs
10.180
II
Indra
10.158
II
Srya
10.181
II
ac
III,
IV
Vivdvs
10.159
10.160
I, II
Indra
10.182
II
Bhaspati
10.161
I, II
Indra (or
Rjayakamaghna)
10.183
III
IV
Yajamna,
Yajamnapatn, etc.
10.162
Garbharakaam
10.184
I, II
III
10.163
Yakamananam
10.164
II
Dusvapnanana
10.185
II
ditya
10.165
II
Vivdvs
10.186
Vyu
III
166
Treatise on gvda
Treatise on gvda
Importance
Medium
I, II
III
Agni
10.188
I, II
III
Jatvdgan
10.189
I, II
tm (Srya)
10.190
III,
IV
Bhvavttam
10.191
II, I
Low
10.187
High
Minor
Cursory
Category
Major
Skta
Number
Madala 10
III
Sktam 1.164
Mantrs in the Skta can be classified into different
categories as follows :
Mantram
Numbers
17, 18, 19
III (Hypothesis)
20, 21, 22
III (Proposed)
23
IV, II
(Proposed)
24
Structure of Vds
II (observation)
25
IV (Proposed)
II
(Observation)
30, 31, 32
IV, III
(Inference)
33
IV (Inference)
34, 35, 36
37, 38
IV (Inference)
IV (Inference)
43 and 50
II (Inference)
Agni, Samjnam
Appendix - IV
8. Analysis of a typical Sktam
Subject Matter
Category
167
1, 2, 3
4, 5, 6, 7
II Inference
44
II (Recalled)
8, 9
I, II Observed
(effect)
45, 46
IV Final goal
10
I, II Observed
(effect)
47, 48, 49
II (Recalled)
Manifestation of Time
I, II Observed
(effect)
51, 52
Conclusion
II
16
168
Treatise on gvda
Treatise on gvda
Appendix - V
Maaatam
Sktam/Mantram Numbers
12
12
24
29
39
29
51
53
12
30
39
61
15
48
61
66
70
56
60
66
77
8
20
30
37
45
46
10
12
12
24
51
53
28
70
60
73
67
78
79
91
61
65
31
35
45
51
75
76
59
73
99 157 163
44
59
74
18
26
40
62
Table
66
72
16
17
26
52
59
81
20
30
45
46
65
67
Sktam/Mantram Numbers
66
56
64
Maaalam
3
39
9
39
59
Sktam/Mantram Numbers
2
29
8
4
40
1
1
1
2
61
15
1
31
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
169
12
31
73 185 191
29
51
33
51
61
10
77
50.10
98
20 30 34 37 45 46
136 146 154 173 191
Sktam/Mantram Numbers
64
78
79
91
26
51
19
33
53
55
40
59
57
170
Treatise on gvda
6
45.31-33
98
45 50.13-14 74.13-15
Treatise on gvda
VII. Misconstrued Sktas/Mantras
Maaatam
9
10
65
67
68
71
83
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
84
Sktam/Mantram Numbers
17
61
72
81
82
55 62
23 26 27 33 35 36 42 44
78
60 75
19 33 55
59.12
70 87 88
2.41-42 3.21-24 4.19-21 5.37-39
41 46.21-24 48 56 63.13-15 68
From 1 upto 114
28 33 40 57 59 60 62 76
Maaatam
Sktam/Mantram Numbers
22
34
36
46
72
84
15
27
30
32
35
36
42
43
44
54
56
58
16
19
21
23
24
28
29
30
37
41
73
78
80
78
43
45
50
58
99 100
6.46-48 19.36-37 21.16-18
80 85 89
85
86
Sktam/Mantram Numbers
24
33
59
25
50
51
82
35
35
41
58
59
36
69
62
81
84 104
Appendix - VI
10. Possible direction for further Studies
27
29
31
45
52
58
62
63
20
44
47
52
55
59
63
74
21
32
34
67
69
71
75
76
93
95
96 103
12
13
24
25
46
61
13
14
31
32
56
60
75
80
87
94
83
86
89
91
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
56
57
10
10 27
124
Maaatam
Sktam/Mantram Numbers
91 112
42 43
31 38
15 18
30 44
27 28
18.22-25
1.32-34
34.16-18
9
10
171
172
Treatise on gvda
Treatise on gvda
173
Devata
Sktam Numbers
Agni
prya-sktam
1.142
Mitr, Varua
Viu
Viu-Indra
Avins
1.157, 1.158
Dyvprithv
1.159, 1.160
b) i-based Arrangement
Ribhs
1.161
Ava (Agni)
1.162, 1.163
i)
174
Treatise on gvda
Treatise on gvda
175